Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Trends in Incidence and Survival of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer in Korea, 2001–2020: Comparison with U.S. SEER Data: Jin Kyung Suh, Eun Hye Park, Meerim Park, Jun Ah Lee, Kyu-won Jung, Hyeon Jin Park; Received July 10, 2025 Accepted December 30, 2025 Published online January 2, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.722 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Childhood cancers are rare but clinically significant. Monitoring incidence and survival trends is essential for evaluating progress in cancer control and identifying areas for improvement.
Materials and Methods
We analyzed cancer incidence and survival trends among individuals aged 0–19 years in Korea using data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry from 2001 to 2020. Cancer types were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition (ICCC-3). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated. Relative survival rates (RSRs) were estimated and compared with data from the US.
Results
A total of 34,223 cancer cases were identified during the study period. The overall ASR was 151.3 per million person-years, with a significant increasing trend (APC 1.5%). Leukemias were the most common diagnostic group (ASR 43.7), followed by central nervous system tumors and lymphomas. Between 2001–2010 and 2011–2020, the 5-year and 10-year RSRs improved from 75.2% to 84.8% and from 72.7% to 82.7%, respectively. The largest survival gains were observed in leukemia (14.9 percentage points) and neuroblastoma (13.1 percentage points). Compared to SEER data, Korea showed similar overall survival trends, although differences remained by cancer type and age group.
Conclusion
The incidence of childhood and adolescent cancers in Korea has increased, while survival has significantly improved over the past two decades. These findings highlight substantial progress in pediatric cancer care, while underscoring the need for targeted efforts for specific cancer subtypes and age groups.

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The Impact of Post Mastectomy Radiotherapy on T1-2N0-1 Male Breast Cancer and establishment of an artificial neural network predicting model: Population-Based Study: Kaiyan Huang, Yushuai Yu, Xiaofen Li, Yushan Liu, Kailong Huang, Xin Wang, Jie Zhang; Received May 14, 2025 Accepted November 4, 2025 Published online November 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.518 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in male breast cancer (MBC) patients and develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model to identify a potential PMRT benefit population.
Materials and Methods
Data from a total of 2,247 MBC patients with T1-2N0-1M0 who underwent total mastectomy between 1998 and 2016 were enrolled from the SEER database. Propensity score matching was used to reduce covariate imbalances. Cox regression analysis was conducted to compare overall survival (OS) between the PMRT and no-PMRT groups. The hypothesis was that patients who had undergone PMRT and lived longer than the median OS of the no-PMRT group could benefit from PMRT. An ANN model was then developed to predict PMRT benefit population.
Results
Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated better OS in the PMRT group compared to the no-PMRT group of matched patients. This survival benefit was particularly significant in patients with grade III or T2N0 and T2N1 disease, while no significant difference was observed in patients with grade I/II or T1N0 and T1N1 disease. An ANN model was established to predict PMRT benefit population based on patients with T2N0/T2N1. The optimal cut-off value for the model predicted probability was 0.51. Survival curves indicated that a score of 0.51 could accurately distinguish potential PMRT benefit population.
Conclusion
For MBC patients with T2N0, T2N1, and grade III, PMRT would improve survival. The ANN model would be used to identify patients who are likely to benefit from PMRT and aid in clinical decision-making.

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Clinical Outcomes and Histologic Subtype-Specific Patterns in Oligometastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremities and Trunk Wall: Implications for Curative Local Ablative Therapy: Eunkyu Yang, Han-Soo Kim, Jay Hoon Park, Yongsung Kim, Shinn Kim, Miso Kim, Jeonghwan Youk, Hak Jae Kim, Hyun-Cheol Kang, Ilkyu Han; Received September 9, 2025 Accepted October 29, 2025 Published online October 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.983 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Oligometastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) may offer the possibility of cure compared with polymetastatic disease, with progression patterns and treatment responses varying across histologic subtypes. This study investigated the clinical characteristics, oncologic outcomes, and histologic subtype-specific features of oligometastatic STS.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed records of 1,243 patients with extremity/trunk STS who underwent curative surgery between 2000 and 2023. Oligometastatic recurrence occurred in 170 (13.6%), 149 of whom received local ablative therapy (LAT). Disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed, along with prognostic factors and subtype-specific characteristics.
Results
The median follow-up was 52.5 months. Surgery alone was the most common LAT (71.2%), followed by surgery with radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone and radiofrequency ablation. The median DSS was 50.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.5-68.5), with a 5-year DSS rate of 45.2%. The median PFS was 12.0 months (95% CI, 7.6-16.4), with a 5-year PFS of 28.1%. On multivariate analysis, LAT was independently associated with longer DSS (hazard ratio [HR], 9.629; p<0.001). Smaller oligometastatic lesion size and adequate local control of the primary tumor were also independently associated with longer DSS. Metastasis-free interval > 6 months independently predicted longer PFS. Histologic subtypes demonstrated distinct clinical behaviors; for example, myxofibrosarcoma had a lower metastatic rate but poorer DSS, whereas synovial sarcoma showed relatively favorable long-term survival.
Conclusion
Oligometastatic STS represents an intermediate disease state in which LAT can provide meaningful survival benefit. Subtype-specific differences in metastatic behavior and survival outcomes would support individualized, multimodal, and potentially curative treatment strategies.

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Healthy Behaviors and All-cause Mortality among Korean Gastric Cancer Survivors: Donghyun Won, Jeeyoo Lee, Sooyoung Cho, Ji Yoon Baek, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Aesun Shin; Received February 14, 2025 Accepted September 1, 2025 Published online September 3, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.177 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The incidence, prevalence and survival rates of gastric cancer are high, and the prognostic effects of healthy behaviors among survivors have not been well investigated. Therefore, We aimed to assess the effects of postdiagnosis healthy behaviors and behavior changes after gastric cancer diagnosis on all-cause mortality.
Materials and Methods
As a population-based retrospective cohort study, we used a cancer public library sample DB of gastric cancer patients between 2012 and 2019. Information from regular health check-up examinations were used to investigate their anthropometric measures, physical activities, alcohol consumption, and smoking status before and after cancer diagnosis. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause deaths with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated via the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
We analyzed 9,717 gastric cancer patients and 5,929 of those as a subgroup to assess the effects of behavior changes. Reduced mortality was shown among cancer patients who met the recommended criteria after the cancer diagnosis for physical activity (adjusted HR = 0.67 [95% CI=0.49-0.93], mean frequencies of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week: ≥5 days vs. 0 days) and smoking cessation (0.77 [0.61-0.97], smoking status: never-smokers vs. current smokers). Participants who reported enhancement in behaviors had significantly lower mortality than the others who reported no or limited changes in physical activity (0.73 [0.55–0.96]) and smoking status (0.56 [0.38–0.83]).
Conclusion
The current study highlights the advantages of physical activity and smoking cessation in reducing mortality, and these benefits are even greater when patients improve their behavior after cancer diagnosis.

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Clinicopathological Factors Influencing PD-L1 Expression and The Effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Survival Outcomes in Patients with Gastric Cancer Depending on Sex in a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea: Jeong hwan Lee, Nayoung Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Hyeon Jeong Oh, Yeejin Kim, Yonghoon Choi, Hyemin Jo, Ho-Kyoung Lee, Jinju Choi, Yu Kyung Jun, Hyuk Yoon, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Dong Ho Lee, Hye Seung Lee, So Hyun Kang, Young Suk Park, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Yun-Suhk Suh, Do Joong Park, Hyung Ho Kim, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Won Chang, Yoon Jin Lee, Kyoung Ho Lee, Young Hoon Kim, Soyeon Ahn; Received January 31, 2025 Accepted August 5, 2025 Published online August 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.126 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) negatively regulates T-cell activation, and exhibits sex-based differences in expression and immune responses. This study investigated sex-related differences in clinicopathological factors influencing PD-L1 expression and the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on survival in gastric cancer (GC) patients in South Korea.
Materials and Methods
We analyzed a prospective cohort of 468 GC patients who underwent PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. Age, tumor characteristics, molecular features, and survival outcomes were compared by sex. Multivariate analyses, including Cox proportional hazards modeling with an interaction term for sex, were performed.
Results
Among 468 patients, 280 (59.8%) were PD-L1 positive. In the overall cohort, PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with Epstein-BarrVirus (EBV) infection (odd ratio [OR]=7.46, p<0.001), antral location of GC (OR=1.84, p=0.027), and macrosatellite instability-High (MSI-H) (OR=5.04, p=0.027). Diffuse-type histology was inversely associated (OR=0.22, p=0.041). In males, EBV (OR=36.27) and antral location (OR=2.38) were significant. In females, only MSI-H was significant (OR=11.63). ICI-containing therapy significantly improved survival in males (p=0.012) but not in females (p=0.415). Cox regression showed a survival benefit from ICIs (HR=0.70, p=0.080), with a borderline-significant interaction by sex (p=0.073).
Conclusion
PD-L1 expression and therapeutic efficacy of ICIs differ by sex in GC. EBV infection and antral tumor location were independent factors in males, while MSI-H status was significant in females. These findings highlights the importance of sex-based immunobiology in tailoring GC treatment strategies.

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Risk Stratification in T4 or N3 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Lin-Feng Guo, Lu-Chao Zhu, Yi-Feng Yu, Zhen-Zhen Lu, Qin Lin, San-Gang Wu; Received May 28, 2025 Accepted August 11, 2025 Published online August 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.573 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
To investigate the prognostic heterogeneity among stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients according to the 9th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging system to identify potential subgroups requiring tailored therapeutic strategies.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively included stage III patients (T1-3N3 or T4N0-3) who were diagnosed with NPC between January 2015 and December 2021 according to the 9th edition of the AJCC/UICC staging system. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used for statistical analysis.
Results
We included 309 patients in this study. A total of 92/309 (29.8%) patients developed locoregional recurrence and/or distant metastasis with a median follow-up of 52.9 months. Those with T4N3 disease had significantly lower distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) but comparable locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS) to those with T1-3N3 and T4N0-2 disease. Those with T4N3 disease had comparable LRFS but had significantly lower 5-year DMFS (78.7% vs. 44.7%, p<0.001), PFS (65.7% vs. 27.6%, p<0.001), and OS (77.1% vs. 45.9%, p<0.001) compared to those with stage T4N0-2 and T1-3N3 diseases. Similar results were confirmed using the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates the prognostic heterogeneity of stage III disease within the 9th edition NPC staging system. T4N3 category should be considered separately and treated as a distinct entity regardless of the staging editions.

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Sex Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival According to Clinical Treatment Score Post-5 Years (CTS5) Risk Stratification: Ke Liu, Zhen-Zhen Lu, Zhen-Yu He, San-Gang Wu; Received March 31, 2025 Accepted May 26, 2025 Published online May 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.361 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The role of the Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years (CTS5) in male breast cancer (MBC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of CTS5 between MBC and female breast cancer (FBC).
Materials and Methods
Patients diagnosed with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative/estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer between 2010 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were used for statistical analysis.
Results
This study included 169,869 patients, comprising 168,422 (99.1%) FBC and 1,447 (0.9%) MBC patients. More MBC patients had intermediate risk (IR)/high risk (HR) disease compared to FBC patients (17.7% vs. 8.7%, p < 0.001). MBC patients had an inferior overall survival (OS) but similar breast cancer-specific survival compared to those with FBC. Sensitivity analyses showed that sex was an independent prognostic factor associated with OS but not breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in both the low-risk (LR) and IR/HR cohorts. Those with MBC exhibited significantly worse OS (p < 0.001) than FBC patients in both cohorts. In MBC patients, those with IR/HR disease had significantly worse OS (p < 0.001) and BCSS (p < 0.001) compared to those with LR disease. For FBC patients, the IR/HR group had also significantly worse OS (p < 0.001) and BCSS (p < 0.001) compared to the LR group.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight critical differences in clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes between MBC and FBC, suggesting the need for sex-tailored approaches in breast cancer management.

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Differences in Responses to Neoadjuvant Anti-HER2 Therapy between HER2 2+/ISH+ and HER2 3+ in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Lingjun Ma, Ran Zheng, Lingyun Xu, Ying Zhu, Hong Yin, Xiaoqing Zhang, Rong Deng, Jue Wang, Xiaoming Zha; Received December 12, 2024 Accepted April 20, 2025 Published online April 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1200 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Dual anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) drugs have become the standard regimen for neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) to HER2-positive breast cancer patients. However, the efficacy varies greatly among patients with different HER2 protein expression levels.
Materials and Methods
A total of 575 HER2-positive breast cancer patients from multiple centers throughout China from 2013 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared clinicopathological features in different HER2 immunohistochemistry classes (HER2 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH] + or HER2 3+), and their difference in response to NST and survival with single or dual anti-HER2 drugs. Drug sensitivity assays were used to evaluate different efficacy of anti-HER2 drugs in vitro.
Results
Compared to HER2 3+ subgroup, the HER2 2+/ISH+ group had a higher proportion of hormone receptor–positive status (48.7% vs. 76.1%, p < 0.001), more HER2 protein loss after NST, lower pathological complete response (pCR) rate (46.07% vs. 16.24%, p < 0.001), and tended to have worse disease-free survival (DFS). In HER2 2+/ISH+ patients, treated with pertuzumab and trastuzumab in combination had no significant improvement in pCR (19.12% vs. 12.24%, p=0.287) and DFS (p=0.908) than using alone. Drug sensitivity assay showed poor efficacy with dual anti-HER2 drugs in HER2 2+/ISH+ cell lines; however, fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan drugs had a satisfactory effect.
Conclusion
Owing to the differences in clinicopathological features and treatment efficacy, we considered the HER2 2+/ISH+ group to be a distinct subtype and defined it as the HER2-moderate–positive subgroup. In this subgroup, dual anti-HER2 drugs did not exert significant improvement in pCR and DFS. Therefore, treatment optimization is warranted, with antibody-drug conjugate drugs as potential options.

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Survival Rates of Patients with Gastric Cancer According to Age and Sex: A Large-Scale Study Using Data from 14,739 Patients: Yonghoon Choi, Nayoung Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Hyeong Ho Jo, Hyeon Jeong Oh, Hye Seung Lee, Yu Kyung Jun, Hyuk Yoon, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Dong Ho Lee, So Hyun Kang, Young Suk Park, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Yun-Suhk Suh, Do Joong Park, Hyung Ho Kim, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Won Chang, Yoon Jin Lee, Kyoung Ho Lee, Young Hoon Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):252-263. Published online April 16, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.149

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
The male predominance in the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is established; however, sex differences in the prognosis of GC remain controversial. As such, this study analyzed the prognosis of patients with GC based on age and sex.
Materials and Methods
Data from 14,739 patients diagnosed with GC at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2003 and 2023 were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, histological types of GC, overall and GC-specific survival rates (age and stage stratification), and associated risk factors were analyzed.
Results
Females were significantly younger (p < 0.001) and exhibited more gastric body cancers (p < 0.001) and tumors with diffuse-type or poorly differentiated histology (p < 0.001) than males. Females exhibited an advantage over males in terms of overall survival (p=0.004), but not in GC-specific survival. However, age stratification revealed significant sex differences, that females < 50 years of age exhibited survival disadvantages (p < 0.001); however, this trend was reversed with age, and females > 60 years exhibited survival advantages (p < 0.001) for both overall and GC-specific survival. This may be explained by the lower ratio of diffuse-type GC as females age. Furthermore, in the analysis according to stage, females with stage IV disease exhibited significant survival disadvantages, with significantly younger age and a higher proportion of diffuse-type GC which exhibits aggressive features, resulting in poorer survival than in males.
Conclusion
Age and stage stratification revealed significant differences in survival between the sexes, which can be helpful for public health strategies.

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Gynecologic cancer

Efficacy of Chemotherapy Following Prior PARP-Inhibitor Treatment in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: Jung Chul Kim, Junsik Park, Yong Jae Lee, Eun Ji Nam, Sang Wun Kim, Sung-Hoon Kim, Young Tae Kim, Se Ik Kim, Jae-Weon Kim, Byoung-Gie Kim, Jung-Yun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):292-299. Published online March 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1202

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Considering the current lack of consensus on post–poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) treatment strategies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of subsequent therapy and compare the outcomes of regimes in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer after PARPi treatment.
Materials and Methods
This multi-center retrospective cohort study analyzed data on patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between January 2012 and June 2023 who had previously used PARPi after first- to fourth-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), which was the interval between recurrence after using PARPi and subsequent recurrence in the case of recurrence.
Results
Of 318 patients, 147/318 (46.2%) recurred after the PARPi maintenance. Patients were categorized into groups based on subsequent therapy except non-treated (11/147, 7.5%): platinum-based chemotherapy (89/147, 60.5%), non-platinum-based chemotherapy (21/147, 14.3%), other treatments (26/147, 17.7%), and the median PFS (mPFS) for each group were 7.3, 4.8, and 11.4 months, respectively. Among the platinum-based chemotherapy group, the gemcitabine+carboplatin regimen demonstrated a longer mPFS (10.1 months) than the other regimens (6.6 months, p=0.019). In non-platinum-based chemotherapy, no statistically significant differences were observed among the regimens. And, in the other therapy group, where the proportion of patients with oligometastasis was as high as 88.5%, no significant differences were observed among the therapies, including other modalities.
Conclusion
In the subsequent chemotherapy of recurrent ovarian cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy and PARPi, the gemcitabine+carboplatin regimen demonstrated a potential to delay recurrence more effectively compared to other therapies.

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Special Article

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2022: Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Kui Son Choi, Han-Kwang Yang, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):312-330. Published online March 11, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.264

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2022, with international comparisons.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence, survival, and prevalence rates were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (1999-2022), with survival follow-up until December 31, 2023. Mortality data obtained from Statistics Korea, while international comparisons were based on GLOBOCAN data.
Results
In 2022, 282,047 newly diagnosed cancer cases (age-standardized rate [ASR], 287.0 per 100,000) and 83,378 deaths from cancer (ASR, 65.7 per 100,000) were reported. The proportion of localized-stage cancers increased from 45.6% in 2005 to 50.9% in 2022. Stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer showed increased localized-stage diagnoses by 18.1, 18.5, and 9.9 percentage points, respectively. Compared to 2001-2005, the 5-year relative survival (2018-2022) increased by 20.4 percentage points for stomach cancer, 7.6 for colorectal cancer, and 5.6 for breast cancer. Korea had the lowest cancer mortality among countries with similar incidence rates and the lowest mortality-to-incidence (M/I) ratios for these cancers. The 5-year relative survival (2018-2022) was 72.9%, contributing to over 2.59 million prevalent cases in 2022.
Conclusion
Since the launch of the National Cancer Screening Program in 2002, early detection has improved, increasing the diagnosis of localized-stage cancers and survival rates. Korea recorded the lowest M/I ratio among major comparison countries, demonstrating the effectiveness of its National Cancer Control Program.

Citations

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Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

Validating the Korean Geriatric Assessment Tool in Elderly Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Multicenter Study: Ji Yun Lee, Sang-A Kim, Youngil Koh, Ho-Young Yhim, Gyeong-Won Lee, Chang-Ki Min, Young Rok Do, Hyo Jung Kim, Sung Hwa Bae, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Sung-Hoon Jung, Hyunkyung Park, Seung-Hyun Nam, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung-Hyun Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Young Seob Park, Soo-Mee Bang; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):311-319. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.066

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study evaluates the Korean Cancer Study Group Geriatric Score-7 (KG-7) frailty screening tool’s effectiveness in elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients to prevent under and overtreatment.
Materials and Methods
This prospective pilot cohort study included 100 elderly patients aged 70 and older with newly diagnosed MM who had not undergone transplantation from August 2020 to January 2022.
Results
The median age was 77 years, and 73.0% of patients were classified at International Staging System stages 2 or 3. Using a 5-point cutoff on the KG-7 index (non-frail, score ≥ 5; frail, score < 5), 31% were categorized as frail. After a median follow-up of 26.8 months, the 3-year overall survival rate was 73.0%. There was no statistically significant association between any frailty index and the risk of death. However, frail patients defined by the simplified frailty index (hazard ratio [HR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 5.95; p=0.030) and by KG-7 (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.03 to 5.86; p=0.043) had a significantly higher risk of grade 3-4 non-hematologic toxicity, whereas the International Myeloma Working Group definition did not. Over a 24-month tracking period, vulnerability as measured by KG-7 either improved or deteriorated.
Conclusion
The pilot study, which had a limited number of participants, did not demonstrate KG-7’s effectiveness in predicting survival; however, it successfully predicted severe non-hematologic toxicities. We plan to conduct larger studies in elderly MM patients to determine whether KG-7 can help tailor their treatment regimens.

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General

Association between Tumor Size at the Time of Disease Progression and Survival Outcomes: Chi Hoon Maeng, Bum Jun Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, In Sil Choi, Dae Young Zang, Bo-Hyung Kim, Minji Kwon, Dae Seog Heo, Bhumsuk Keam; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):362-368. Published online October 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.690

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study evaluates the prognostic significance of tumor size at disease progression (PD) and depth of response (DOR) in cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
We performed post hoc analysis using data from six prospective clinical trials conducted by the Korean Cancer Study Group. Patients with tumor size at PD was categorized into ‘Mild PD’ and ‘Significant PD’ based on the cutoff values of relative change from baseline using maximally selected rank statistics. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between PD and DOR categories.
Results
Among the 194 evaluable patients, 130 experienced PD. A 35.48% decrease from baseline in tumor size at PD was chosen for the cutoff between mild and significant PD for OS (mild PD: tumor size from the baseline ≤ −35.48%; significant PD > −35.48%). The mild PD had superior OS compared to the significant PD (25.8 vs. 12.8 months; Hazard ratio [HR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.266-0.843, p=0.009). When using an exploratory cutoff based on whether the tumor size was below vs. exceeded from the baseline (mild PD: tumor size from the baseline ≤ 0%; significant PD > 0%), OS remained significantly longer in the mild PD (17.1 vs. 11.8 months; HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.392-0.932, p=0.021). The greatest DOR was associated with the longest OS and PFS (p<0.001 for both).
Conclusion
Tumor size at PD and DOR were significant prognostic factors for progressive disease. Maintaining a sufficiently reduced tumor size even during PD was associated with better survival outcomes.

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Pathology features of recurrent meningioma
V.V. Ushanov, Yu.M. Zabrodskaya, A.Yu. Ulitin, D.A. Sitovskaya, A.S. Sharova, A.A. Paltsev, A.V. Vasilenko, K.K. Kukanov
Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology.2025; 87(5): 28. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Presence of RB1 or Absence of LRP1B Mutation Predicts Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma: In Hye Song, Bokyung Ahn, Young Soo Park, Deok Hoon Kim, Seung-Mo Hong; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):492-506. Published online September 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.667

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the stomach are extremely rare, but fatal. However, our understanding of the genetic alterations in gastric NECs is limited. We aimed to evaluate genomic and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric NECs and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs).
Materials and Methods
Fourteen gastric NECs, three gastric MANECs, and 1,381 gastric adenocarcinomas were retrieved from the departmental next-generation sequencing database between 2017 and 2022. Clinicopathological parameters and next-generation sequencing test results were retrospectively collected and reviewed.
Results
Gastric NECs and MANECs frequently harbored alterations of TP53, RB1, SMARCA4, RICTOR, APC, TOP1, SLX4, EGFR, BRCA2, and TERT. In contrast, gastric adenocarcinomas exhibited alterations of TP53, CDH1, LRP1B, ARID1A, ERBB2, GNAS, CCNE1, NOTCH, and MYC. Mutations of AKT3, RB1, and SLX4; amplification of BRCA2 and RICTOR; and deletion of ADAMTS18, DDX11, KLRC3, KRAS, MAX, NFKBIA, NUDT7, and RB1 were significantly more frequent in gastric NECs and MANECs than in gastric adenocarcinomas. The presence of LRP1B mutation was significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS), whereas RB1 mutation and advanced TNM stage were associated with shorter OS.
Conclusion
We identified frequently mutated genes and potential predictors of survival in patients with gastric NECs and MANECs.

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Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach and non-hepatoid alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer exhibit a high degree of molecular similarity
Liqiao Chen, Xuesong Yang, Peiyu Zhu, Han Bao, Yan Wu, Ke Ji, Ji Zhang, Xiaojiang Wu, Kai Zhou, Jieli Xu, Jiatian Tang, Anqiang Wang, Zhaode Bu
Cellular Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

3,080 View
130 Download
1 Crossref

CNS cancer

Association between Levetiracetam Use and Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma: A Nationwide Population-Based Study: Yeonhu Lee, Eunyoung Lee, Tae Hoon Roh, Se-Hyuk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):369-377. Published online September 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.355

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to investigate whether levetiracetam (LEV), the most used antiepileptic drug, influences survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), using a national database.
Materials and Methods
This study used data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Patients diagnosed with GBM between 2007-2018 treated with standard therapy were included. The study population was divided into long-term (≥ 60 days) and short-term (< 30 days) LEV groups. A separate long-term valproic acid (VPA) group (≥ 60 days) was identified for comparison. Demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment parameters were collected. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to compare survival outcomes between the groups.
Results
Overall, 2,971 patients were included, with 1,319 and 1,652 in the short-term and long-term LEV groups, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) for the entire population was 19.15 months post-surgery. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly longer median OS in the long-term LEV group versus the short-term LEV group. After adjusting for confounders, Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed an association of long-term LEV use with improved survival, which was also observed in a subgroup analysis of patients without preoperative seizure history. The long-term LEV group demonstrated longer median OS, compared with the long-term VPA group.
Conclusion
Our nationwide population-based study found an association between long-term LEV use and improved survival in patients with GBM, regardless of preoperative seizure history. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and investigate the potential impact of LEV on the survival outcomes of patients with GBM.

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Association of Shorter Time to Recurrence and Recurrence-Free Survival with Transthoracic Lung Biopsy in Stage I Lung Cancer: Kum Ju Chae, Hyunsook Hong, Hyungin Park, Soon Ho Yoon; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):387-400. Published online September 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.560

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We aim to determine whether preoperative percutaneous needle aspiration or biopsy (PCNA/Bx) increases recurrence risk and reduces survival in stage I lung cancer patients, using a nationwide lung cancer registry.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively included 3,452 patients diagnosed with stage I lung cancer who underwent curative surgery between 2014 and 2019, as recorded in the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry. To balance the characteristics of patients with and without PCNA/Bx, we applied inverse probability of treatment weighting. We used cumulative incidence plots and a weighted subdistribution hazard model to analyze time to recurrence. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and weighted Cox proportional hazard ratio models.
Results
In patients with adenocarcinoma, the use of PCNA/Bx was associated with a 1.9-fold increase (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 2.4) in the risk of recurrence and a 1.7-fold decrease (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.2) in recurrence-free survival. Subgroup analysis based on pathologic pleural invasion revealed that the risk of recurrence increased when PCNA/Bx was performed, with 2.1-fold (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.8) in patients without pleural invasion and 1.6-fold (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.4) in those with pleural invasion. No association was found between the use of PCNA/Bx and overall survival.
Conclusion
Preoperative PCNA/Bx was associated with increased recurrence risks in stage I adenocarcinoma, regardless of pathologic pleural invasion status. In early lung cancer cases where adenocarcinoma is strongly suspected and curative surgery is feasible, the use of transthoracic biopsy should be approached with caution.

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Recurrence Risk Following Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Biopsy in Patients Undergoing Sublobar Resection for Stage I Lung Cancer
Yura Ahn, Geun Dong Lee, SeHoon Choi, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Yong-Hee Kim, Dong Kwan Kim, Seung-Il Park, Kyung-Hyun Do, Joon Beom Seo, Jae Kwang Yun, Sang Min Lee
Radiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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General

The Survival and Financial Benefit of Investigator-Initiated Trials Conducted by Korean Cancer Study Group: Bum Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Bhumsuk Keam, Young-Hyuck Im, Jungsil Ro, Kyung Hae Jung, Seock-Ah Im, Tae Won Kim, Jae Lyun Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Sang-We Kim, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn, Byoung Chul Cho, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Yoon-Koo Kang, Jae Yong Cho, Hwan Jung Yun, Byung-Ho Nam, Dae Young Zang; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):39-46. Published online July 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.421

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) is a nationwide cancer clinical trial group dedicated to advancing investigator-initiated trials (IITs) by conducting and supporting clinical trials. This study aims to review IITs conducted by KCSG and quantitatively evaluate the survival and financial benefits of IITs for patients.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed IITs conducted by KCSG from 1998 to 2023, analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) gains for participants. PFS and OS benefits were calculated as the difference in median survival times between the intervention and control groups, multiplied by the number of patients in the intervention group. Financial benefits were assessed based on the cost of investigational products provided.
Results
From 1998 to 2023, KCSG conducted 310 IITs, with 133 completed and published. Of these, 21 were included in the survival analysis. The analysis revealed that 1,951 patients in the intervention groups gained a total of 2,558.4 months (213.2 years) of PFS and 2,501.6 months (208.5 years) of OS, with median gains of 1.31 months in PFS and 1.58 months in OS per patient. When analyzing only statistically significant results, PFS and OS gain per patients was 1.69 months and 3.02 months, respectively. Investigational drug cost analysis from six available IITs indicated that investigational products provided to 252 patients were valued at 10,400,077,294 won (approximately 8,046,481 US dollars), averaging about 41,270,148 won (approximately 31,930 US dollars) per patient.
Conclusion
Our findings, based on analysis of published research, suggest that IITs conducted by KCSG led to survival benefits for participants and, in some studies, may have provided financial benefits by providing investment drugs.

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Pediatric cancer

The Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on Treatment Outcome in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Hee Young Ju, Na Hee Lee, Eun Sang Yi, Young Bae Choi, So Jin Kim, Ju Kyung Hyun, Hee Won Cho, Jae Kyung Lee, Ji Won Lee, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo, Keon Hee Yoo; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):240-249. Published online July 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.155

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been an important method of treatment in the advance of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The indications for HSCT are evolving and require updated establishment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of HSCT on the treatment outcome of pediatric ALL, considering the indications for HSCT and subgroups.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on ALL patients diagnosed and treated at a single center. Risk groups were categorized based on age at diagnosis, initial white blood cell count, disease lineage (B/T), and cytogenetic study results. Data on the patients’ disease status at HSCT and indications of HSCT were collected. Indications for HSCT were categorized as upfront HSCT at 1st complete remission, relapse, and refractory disease.
Results
Among the 549 screened patients, a total of 418 patients were included in the study; B-cell ALL (n=379) and T-cell ALL (T-ALL) (n=39). HSCT was conducted on a total of 106 patients (25.4%), with a higher frequency as upfront HSCT in higher-risk groups and specific cytogenetics. The overall survival (OS) was significantly better when done upfront than in relapsed or refractory state in T-ALL patients (p=0.002). The KMT2A-rearranged ALL patients showed superior event-free survival (p=0.002) and OS (p=0.022) when HSCT was done as upfront treatment.
Conclusion
HSCT had a substantial positive effect in a specific subset of pediatric ALL. In particular, frontline HSCT for T-ALL and KMT2A-rearranged ALL offered a better prognosis than when HSCT was conducted in a relapsed or refractory setting.

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Breast cancer

Endoxifen Concentration Is Associated with Recurrence-Free Survival in Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer Patients: Beomki Lee, Seok Jin Nam, Seok Won Kim, Jonghan Yu, Byung-Joo Chae, Se Kyung Lee, Jai Min Ryu, Jeong Eon Lee, Soo-Youn Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):140-149. Published online June 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1285

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The metabolism of tamoxifen is influenced by various cytochrome p450 enzymes, including CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, leading to variations in the levels of endoxifen, even with the same tamoxifen dose. However, the clinical significance of endoxifen for the prognosis of breast cancer patients remains controversial. This study aimed to elucidate the relevance of endoxifen level to recurrence-free survival censored with tamoxifen discontinuation (RFSt), representing the RFS for tamoxifen itself, of breast cancer patients and determine a suitable cutoff for prognostication.
Materials and Methods
The study included 478 breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen and its metabolites, including endoxifen, were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An optimal cutoff was determined with maximally selected rank statistics. Survival analysis and Cox regression were conducted based on this cutoff.
Results
An endoxifen level of 21.00 ng/mL was the optimal cutoff for prognostication. Survival analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in RFSt between the low endoxifen group (≤ 21.00 ng/mL) and the high endoxifen group (> 21.00 ng/mL) (log-rank test, p=0.032). The 10-year probability of RFSt was 83.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.0 to 89.9) and 88.3% (95% CI, 83.3 to 93.5) in the low and high endoxifen groups, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression indicated endoxifen concentration as a significant factor associated with prognosis.
Conclusion
Endoxifen could serve as a marker for appropriate tamoxifen treatment with a cutoff of 21.00 ng/mL. Based on this cutoff, therapeutic drug monitoring would benefit patients displaying suboptimal endoxifen concentrations.

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Distinct Characteristics and Changes in Liver Function of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab for More Than 1 Year: Youngun Kim, Jung Sun Kim, Beodeul Kang, Ilhwan Kim, Hyeyeong Kim, Won Suk Lee, Yun Beom Sang, Sanghoon Jung, Chansik An, Chan Kim, Hong Jae Chon; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1231-1239. Published online May 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.237

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Since 2020, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Ate/Bev) has been the standard first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but long-term treatment studies are limited. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and effects of Ate/Bev for over 1 year.
Materials and Methods
This study included patients with unresectable HCC treated with first-line Ate/Bev between May 2020 and April 2022. Those receiving Ate/Bev for 1 year or more were classified as the long-term treatment group.
Results
Of 246 patients, 69 (28.0%) were in the long-term treatment group, which comprised more proportions of intrahepatic tumor burden < 25%, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0, and a lower proportion of portal vein tumor thrombosis than the short-term treatment group. The long-term treatment group had a higher incidence of atezolizumab-related thyroid dysfunction (31.9% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001; median time to onset [mTTO], 2.8 months), dermatologic toxicity (29.0% vs. 14.7%, p=0.017; mTTO, 3.3 months), bevacizumab-related hypertension (44.9% vs. 22.0%, p=0.001; mTTO, 4.2 months), and proteinuria (69.6% vs. 38.4%, p < 0.001; mTTO, 6.8 months), compared to the short-term treatment group. Regarding liver function in the long-term treatment group, patients initially classified as Child-Pugh class A decreased from 87.0% to 75.4%, and albumin-bilirubin grade 1 decreased from 68.1% to 50.7% after 1 year of treatment.
Conclusion
The Ate/Bev long-term treatment group had a lower intrahepatic tumor burden, less portal vein tumor thrombosis, and better performance status and liver function at baseline. Atezolizumab-related immunological adverse events emerged relatively early in treatment compared to the bevacizumab-related. Additionally, some patients demonstrated liver function deterioration during long-term Ate/Bev treatment.

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Outcomes of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab After Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced HCC: An International Multicentre Study
Jung Sun Kim, Jeffrey Wong, San‐Chi Chen, David Tai, Hannah Yang, Youngun Kim, Beodeul Kang, Ilhwan Kim, Hyeyeong Kim, Chansik An, Su Jin Jang, Masatoshi Kudo, Ho Yeong Lim, Chan Kim, Thomas Yau, Hong Jae Chon
Liver International.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A case of long-term therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with atezolizumab and bevacizumab combination
K. V. Menshikov, A. V. Sultanbaev, Sh. H. Musin, V. A. Valishin, I. A. Men′shikova, V. S. Chalov, N. I. Sultanbaeva, Sh. N. Galimov
Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2025; (10): 49. CrossRef
Current Insights into the Long-Term Management of HCC with Immunotherapy-Based Regimens
Sukbae Kim
Convergence Hepatology.2025; 1(1): 14. CrossRef
The Low Platelet Count at the Start of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Predicts Deteriorated Liver Function at the Time of Disease Progression Thereafter: A Multicenter Analysis
Ryo Sato, Takanori Suzuki, Kentaro Matsuura, Daisuke Kato, Katsumi Hayashi, Kohei Okayama, Fumihiro Okumura, Satoshi Sobue, Atsunori Kusakabe, Izumi Hasegawa, Kiyoto Narita, Tsutomu Mizoshita, Yoshihide Kimura, Hiromu Kondo, Hisayo Kojima, Kazuki Hayashi,
Hepatology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab
Sohyun Hwang, Dong Jun Shin, Beodeul Kang, Haeyoun Kang, Sung Hwan Lee, Jung Sun Kim, Je-Gun Joung, Suyog Jain, Steven Olsen, Lars Becker, Richard S. Finn, Josep M. Llovet, Gwangil Kim, Chan Kim, Hong Jae Chon
Liver Cancer.2025; : 1. CrossRef

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4 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Special Article

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2021: Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):357-371. Published online March 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.253

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2021.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2021, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2022. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
The number of new cancer diagnoses in 2021 increased by 27,002 cases (10.8%) compared to 2020. In 2021, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 277,523 (age-standardized rate [ASR], 289.3 per 100,000) and 82,688 (ASR, 67.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.3% from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by non-significant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.8% from 2002 to 2013; 3.2% from 2013 to 2021). The 5-year relative survival between 2017 and 2021 was 72.1%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2.4 million in 2021.
Conclusion
In 2021, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients increased as healthcare utilization recovered from the coronavirus disease 2019–related declines of 2020. Revised cancer registration guidelines expanded the registration scope, particularly for stomach and colorectal cancer. Survival rates have improved over the years, leading to a growing population of cancer survivors, necessitating a comprehensive cancer control strategy. The long-term impact of the pandemic on cancer statistics requires future investigation.

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Projected cancer burden attributable to population aging: Insight from a rapidly aging society
Minh‐Thao Tu, Hoejun Kwon, Yoon‐Jung Choi, Hyunsoon Cho
International Journal of Cancer.2026; 158(4): 951. CrossRef
Explainable AI for colorectal cancer mortality and risk factor prediction in Korea: A nationwide cancer cohort study
Sang Won Park, Na Young Yeo, Tae-Hoon Kim, Myoung Nam Lim, Inhyeok Yim, Oh Beom Kwon, Seung-Joo Nam, Hui-Young Lee, Woo Jin Kim
International Journal of Medical Informatics.2026; 205: 106125. CrossRef
Increased risk of young-onset pancreatic cancer among adults aged 20–39 years with overweight or obesity, but not underweight: A nationwide cohort study
Hyun-Jin Kim, Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Kyungdo Han, Jay J. Shen, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim
European Journal of Cancer.2026; 232: 116111. CrossRef
Association Between Plant-Based Diet Index and Breast Cancer Risk Stratified by Menopausal and Hormone Receptor Status: A Case-Control Study Among Korean Women
Jeonghee Lee, Hyeongyeong Lee, Madhawa Gunathilake, So-Youn Jung, Jeongseon Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Imaging in Gastric Cancer: [18F]FDG and Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted PET/CT
Chaninart Sakulpisuti, Minseok Suh
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2026; 26(1): 62. CrossRef
Protocol Development for the Korean Survey for Cancer Survivorship and Preliminary Analysis of Employment Change’s Impact on Quality of Life and Psychological Health
Janine Marie Balbedina, Yeol Kim, Hye Joo Jang, Ha Yeong You, Jae Hyun Park, Hyun Woo Lee, Ji Soo Park, Yu Ri Choe, Kyu Won Jung
Cancers.2026; 18(2): 219. CrossRef
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Dooreh Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Soyoung Jeon, Jooyoung Oh, Chang Ik Yoon
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Determining risk‐adapted starting age and interval for breast cancer screening based on reproductive and hormonal factors
Tung Hoang, Jeonghee Lee, So‐Youn Jung, Jeongseon Kim
International Journal of Cancer.2025; 156(9): 1692. CrossRef
Survivorship concerns among posttreatment cancer survivors in South Korea: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey
Soo Hyun Kim
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2025; 162: 104982. CrossRef
Risk of malignant lymphoma in patients with previous tuberculosis infection: a cohort study
Yun-Gyoo Lee, Dayeon Seo, Hyun-Il Gil, Dong-Hoe Koo, Suk Joong Oh
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Korean Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer 2024: An Evidence-based, Multidisciplinary Approach (Update of 2022 Guideline)
In-Ho Kim, Seung Joo Kang, Wonyoung Choi, An Na Seo, Bang Wool Eom, Beodeul Kang, Bum Jun Kim, Byung-Hoon Min, Chung Hyun Tae, Chang In Choi, Choong-kun Lee, Ho Jung An, Hwa Kyung Byun, Hyeon-Su Im, Hyung-Don Kim, Jang Ho Cho, Kyoungjune Pak, Jae-Joon Kim
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2025; 25(1): 5. CrossRef
Sex Differences in Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes of Esophageal Cancer: A Comparative Study in the Korean Population
Jin Hee Noh, Hyungchul Park, Do Hoon Kim, Hee Kyong Na, Ji Yong Ahn, Jeong Hoon Lee, Kee Wook Jung, Kee Don Choi, Ho June Song, Gin Hyug Lee, Hwoon-Yong Jung
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Soomin Lim, Smi Choi-Kwon
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Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

Nation-Wide Retrospective Analysis of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Study from Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMM1913): Ho-Jin Shin, Do-Young Kim, Kihyun Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Je-Jung Lee, Yeung-Chul Mun, Won-Sik Lee, Sung-Nam Lim, Jin Seok Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Da Jung Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Jong-Ho Won, Jae-Cheol Jo, Young Il Koh; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):956-966. Published online March 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.074

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment remains controversial. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, nationwide study in Korea to evaluate the outcomes of alloSCT in Asian patients with MM.
Materials and Methods
Overall, 109 patients with MM who underwent alloSCT between 2003 and 2020 were included in this study. Data were collected from the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party Registry.
Results
The overall response rate and stringent complete response plus complete response (CR) rates were 67.0 and 46.8%, respectively, after alloSCT. At a median follow-up of 32.5 months, the 3-year probability of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 69.3% and 71.8%, respectively. The 3-year probabilities of OS rates in the upfront alloSCT, tandem auto-alloSCT, and later alloSCT groups were 75.0%, 88.9%, and 61.1%, respectively. Patients who achieved CR before or after alloSCT had significantly longer OS (89.8 vs. 18 months and 89.8 vs. 15.2 months, respectively). Even though patients who did not achieve CR prior to alloSCT, those who achieve CR after alloSCT had improved PFS and OS compared to those who had no achievement of CR both prior and after alloSCT. Patients who underwent alloSCT with 1-2 prior treatment lines had improved PFS (22.4 vs. 4.5 months) and OS (45.6 vs. 15.3 months) compared to those with three or more prior treatment lines.
Conclusion
AlloSCT may be a promising therapeutic option especially for younger, chemosensitive patients with earlier implementation from relapse.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in lymphoid malignancy
Hyungsoon Kim, Haerim Chung, Hye Won Kook, Soo-Jeong Kim, Yu Ri Kim, Hyunsoo Cho, June-Won Cheong
Blood Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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130 Download
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Pediatric cancer

The Role of Early and Delayed Surgery for Infants with Congenital Brain Tumors: Jong Seok Lee, Ji Yeoun Lee, Kyung Hyun Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Eun Jung Koh, Seung-Ki Kim, Ji Hoon Phi; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):909-919. Published online December 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1174

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The present study aimed to evaluate the role of early and delayed surgery in congenital brain tumors and analyze the clinical outcomes of infantile brain tumors.
Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study on 69 infantile brain tumors at a single institution from January 2008 to June 2023. Outcomes were assessed as early mortality (within 30 days following surgery) to evaluate the risk of early surgery in congenital brain tumors. Outcomes of recurrence and overall survival were analyzed in infantile brain tumors.
Results
Surgery-related early mortality appeared to occur in young and low-body-weight patients. Cut-off values of age and body weight were found to be 1.3 months and 5.2 kg to avoid early mortality. Three patients (3/10, 30%) showed early mortality in the early surgery group, and early mortality occurred in one patient (1/14, 7.14%) in the delayed surgery group, whose tumor was excessively enlarged. Younger age at diagnosis (< 3 months of age; hazard ratios [HR], 7.1; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.4 to 35.6; p=0.018) and leptomeningeal seeding (LMS; HR, 30.6; 95% CI, 3.7 to 253.1; p=0.002) were significant independent risk factors for high mortality in infantile brain tumors.
Conclusion
We suggest delaying surgery until the patient reaches 1.3 months of age and weighs over 5.2 kg with short-term imaging follow-up unless tumors grow rapidly in congenital brain tumors. Younger ages and the presence of LMS are independent risk factors for high mortality in infantile brain tumors.

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Exploring neonatal brain tumors: a narrative review about epidemiology, classification, and management
Mira Al Shoufy, Gabi Kafa, Bana Ibrahim, Hazem Ibrahem, Aya Dakour, Ali Haidar, Zuheir Alshehabi
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2025; 87(5): 2838. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

NESC Multicenter Phase II Trial in the Preoperative Treatment of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Chemotherapy (Docetaxel-Cisplatin-5FU+Lenograstim) Followed by Chemoradiation Based 5FU and Oxaliplatin and Surgery: Laurent Mineur, Frederi Plat, Françoise Desseigne, Gael Deplanque, Mohamed Belkacemi, Laurence Moureau-Zabotto, Carlos D. Beyrne, Khadija Jalali, Stéphane Obled, Denis Smith, Léa Vazquez, Rania Boustany; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):580-589. Published online October 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.812

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) is expected to increase the rate of curative resection and complete histological response. In this trial, we investigated the efficacy of a neoadjuvant CRT regimen in gastric adenocarcinoma (NCT01565109 trial).
Materials and Methods
Patients with stage IB to IIIC gastric adenocarcinoma, endoscopy ultrasound and computed tomography–scan diagnosed, were eligible for this phase II trial. Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of 2 cycles of chemotherapy with DCF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil [5FU]) followed by preoperative CRT with oxaliplatin, continuous 5FU and radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions per week for 5 weeks) administered before surgery. R0-resection rate, pathological complete response (pathCR) rate, and survival (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) were evaluated as primary endpoints.
Results
Among 33 patients included, 32 patients (97%) received CRT and 26 (78.8%) were resected (R0 resection for all patients resected). Among resected patients, we report pathCR in 23,1% and pathologic major response (tumor regression grade 2 according to Mandard’s classification) in 26,9%. With a median follow-up duration of 5.82 years (range, 0.4 to 9.24 years), the estimated median OS for all 33 patients was not reached; 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 85%, 61%, and 52%, respectively. Among resected patients, those whose histological response was tumor grade regression (TRG) 1-2 had significantly better OS and PFS rates than those with a TRG 3-4-5 response (p=0.019 and p=0.016, respectively).
Conclusion
Promising results from trials involving preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery in gastric cancer need to be further evaluated in a phase III trial.

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The association between pathological complete response and prognosis of gastric or adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A meta-analysis
Yuwei Cao, Tao Jin, Zehua Chen, Ershuo Du, Panping Liang, Yining Gou, Kun Yang
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2026; 52(1): 110528. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Long-Term Results and Statistical Algorithm to Predict Individual Risk of Relapse
Miguel Ortego, Olast Arrizibita, Adriana Martinez-Lage, Ángel Vizcay Atienza, Laura Álvarez Gigli, Oskitz Ruiz, José Carlos Subtil, Maialen Zabalza, Victor Valentí, Ana Tortajada, María José Hidalgo, Onintza Sayar, Javier Rodriguez
Cancers.2025; 17(9): 1530. CrossRef
Efficacy of Cisplatin-Containing Chemotherapy Regimens in Patients of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Obaid Ur Rehman, Eeshal Fatima, Zain Ali Nadeem, Arish Azeem, Jatin Motwani, Habiba Imran, Hadia Mehboob, Alishba Khan, Omer Usman
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2024; 55(2): 559. CrossRef
The Comparison of FLOT and DCF Regimens as Perioperative Treatment for Gastric Cancer
Gökhan Uçar, Serhat Sekmek, İrfan Karahan, Yakup Ergün, Özlem Aydın İsak, Sezai Tunç, Mutlu Doğan, Fatih Gürler, Doğan Bayram, Yusuf Açıkgöz, Selin Aktürk Esen , Burak Civelek, Fahriye Tuğba Köş , Öznur Bal, Efnan Algın, Tülay Eren, Gökşen İnanç İmamoğ
Oncology.2024; : 1. CrossRef

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Pediatric cancer

Ten-Year Trends of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Korean Pediatric Cancer from the National Health Insurance Claims Data: Hyery Kim, Hwa Jung Kim, Youngjun Jo, Su Hyun Yoon, Young Kwon Koh, Sunghan Kang, Kyung-Nam Koh, Ho Joon Im; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):294-304. Published online September 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.598

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
We aimed to determine the current application and survival trends of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) among Korean children and adolescents with cancer.
Materials and Methods
Data of patients aged < 20 years with KCD-10 (Korean Classifications of Diseases, 10th revision) C codes and specific designation codes were collected from the National Health Insurance Service database. Thirty claim codes for HSCT were included, and data from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed.
Results
The operational definition of pediatric cancer yielded an annual average of 2,000, with annual cases decreasing. In 2019, 221 HSCTs were performed, a decrease from the ten-year average of 276. Allografts outnumbered autografts with a ratio of 1.5:1. The source of allograft was bone marrow in 15% of patients in 2009; however, it substantially decreased to 3.3% in 2019. Furthermore, 70.5% of allogeneic HSCT used peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts, which increased to 89.3% by 2015. Cord blood utilization markedly decreased to 2.7% in 2018. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of all patients was 85.1%. Overall mortality decreased among patients who underwent recent HSCT, and they exhibited a higher 5-year OS rate.
Conclusion
In Korea, the number of pediatric patients with cancer is declining; however, the ratio of transplants to all patients remains constant. Patients who recently underwent transplantation showed better survival rates, possibly due to HSCT optimization. Korea showed a substantially greater PBSC utilization in pediatric HSCT. An in-depth examination encompassing donor relations and cause of death with a prospective registry is required in future studies.

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Aggressive Local Ablative Radiotherapy Mitigates Progression Risk in Oligometastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma: Gowoon Yang, Kyung Hwan Kim, Chang Geol Lee, Min Hee Hong, Hye Ryun Kim, Yeona Cho, Hong In Yoon; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):115-124. Published online August 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.600

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to determine the role of local ablative radiotherapy (LART) in oligometastatic/oligoprogressive lung adenocarcinoma.
Materials and Methods
Patients (n=176) with oligometastatic lung adenocarcinoma treated with LART were identified, and those treated with LART at the initial diagnosis of synchronous oligometastatic disease (OMD group) or treated with LART when they presented with repeat oligoprogression (OPD group) were included.
Results
In the OMD group (n=54), the 1- and 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) were 50.9% and 22.5%, respectively, whereas the 1- and 3-year overall survival in the OPD group were 75.9% and 58.1%, respectively. Forty-one patients (75.9%) received LART at all gross disease sites. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) use and all-metastatic site LART were significant predictors of higher PFS (p=0.018 and p=0.046, respectively). In patients treated with TKIs at the time of LART (n=23) and those treated with all-metastatic site LART, the 1-year PFS was 86.7%, while that of patients not treated with all-metastatic site LART was 37.5% (p=0.006). In the OPD group (n=122), 67.2% of the patients (n=82) maintained a systemic therapy regimen after LART. The cumulative incidence of changing systemic therapy was 39.6%, 62.9%, and 78.5% at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after LART, respectively.
Conclusion
Aggressive LART can be an option to improve survival in patients with oligometastatic disease. Patients with synchronous oligometastatic disease receiving TKI and all-metastatic site LART may have improved PFS. In patients with repeat oligoprogression, LART might potentially extend survival by delaying the need to change the systemic treatment regimen.

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201 Download

Genitourinary cancer

TNM-Based Head-to-Head Comparison of Urachal Carcinoma and Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Stage-Matched Analysis of a Large Multicenter National Cohort: Sang Hun Song, Jaewon Lee, Young Hwii Ko, Jong Wook Kim, Seung Il Jung, Seok Ho Kang, Jinsung Park, Ho Kyung Seo, Hyung Joon Kim, Byong Chang Jeong, Tae-Hwan Kim, Se Young Choi, Jong Kil Nam, Ja Yoon Ku, Kwan Joong Joo, Won Sik Jang, Young Eun Yoon, Seok Joong Yun, Sung-Hoo Hong, Jong Jin Oh; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1337-1345. Published online April 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.417

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Outcome analysis of urachal cancer (UraC) is limited due to the scarcity of cases and different staging methods compared to urothelial bladder cancer (UroBC). We attempted to assess survival outcomes of UraC and compare to UroBC after stage-matched analyses.
Materials and Methods
Total 203 UraC patients from a multicenter database and 373 UroBC patients in single institution from 2000 to 2018 were enrolled (median follow-up, 32 months). Sheldon stage conversion to corresponding TNM staging for UraC was conducted for head-to-head comparison to UroBC. Perioperative clinical variables and pathological results were recorded. Stage-matched analyses for survival by stage were conducted.
Results
UraC patients were younger (mean age, 54 vs. 67 years; p < 0.001), with 163 patients (80.3%) receiving partial cystectomy and 23 patients (11.3%) radical cystectomy. UraC was more likely to harbor ≥ pT3a tumors (78.8% vs. 41.8%). While 5-year recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival were comparable between two groups (63.4%, 67%, and 62.1% in UraC and 61.5%, 75.9%, and 67.8% in UroBC, respectively), generally favorable prognosis for UraC in lower stages (pT1-2) but unfavorable outcomes in higher stages (pT4) compared to UroBC was observed, although only 5-year CSS in ≥ pT4 showed statistical significance (p=0.028). Body mass index (hazard ratio [HR], 0.929), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.921), pathologic T category (HR, 3.846), and lymphovascular invasion (HR, 1.993) were predictors of CSS for all patients.
Conclusion
Despite differing histology, UraC has comparable prognosis to UroBC with relatively favorable outcome in low stages but worse prognosis in higher stages. The presented system may be useful for future grading and risk stratification of UraC.

Citations

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Urachal Carcinomas: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Caio Vinícius Suartz, Lucas Motta Martinez, Marcelo Henrique Lima Silvestre, Richard Dobrucki de Lima, Pedro Henrique Souza Brito, Ketlyn Assunção Galhardo, Roberto Iglesias Lopes, Victor Hondo Silva de Moraes, Caio Mazzonetto Teofilo de Moraes, Luana Cov
International braz j urol.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Presentation and Targeted Interventions in Urachal Adenocarcinoma: A Single-Institution Case Series and Review of Emerging Therapies
Akshay Mathavan, Akash Mathavan, Rodrigo Murillo-Alvarez, Kriti Gera, Urszula Krekora, Aaron J. Winer, Mohit Mathavan, Ellery Altshuler, Brian Hemendra Ramnaraign
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer.2024; 22(1): 67. CrossRef
Robotic‐assisted approaches to urachal carcinoma: A comprehensive systematic review of the safety and efficacy outcomes
Caio Vinícius Suartz, Lucas Motta Martinez, Pedro Henrique Brito, Carlos Victori Neto, Maurício Dener Cordeiro, Luiz Antonio Assan Botelho, Fábio Pescarmona Gallucci, José Maurício Mota, William Carlos Nahas, Leopoldo Alves Ribeiro‐Filho
BJUI Compass.2024; 5(3): 327. CrossRef

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3 Crossref

Gastrointestinal cancer

Clinical Significance of Combining Preoperative and Postoperative Albumin-Bilirubin Score in Colorectal Cancer: Doyoun Kim, Jae-Hoon Lee, Eun-Suk Cho, Su-Jin Shin, Hye Sun Lee, Hwa-Hee Koh, Kang Young Lee, Jeonghyun Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1261-1269. Published online April 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1444

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score is a well-known prognostic factor for various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, little is known about the significance of postoperative ALBI score changes in patients with CRC.
Materials and Methods
A total of 723 patients who underwent surgery were enrolled. Preoperative ALBI (ALBI-pre) and postoperative ALBI (ALBI-post) scores were divided into low and high score groups. ALBI-trend was defined as a combination of four groups comprising the low and high ALBI-pre and ALBI-post score groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the overall survival (OS) between the different ALBI groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the independent relevant factors of OS. Stratification performance was compared between the different ALBI groupings using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index).
Results
ALBI-pre, ALBI-post, and ALBI-trend score groups were significant prognostic factors of OS in the univariable analysis. However, multivariable analysis showed that ALBI-trend was an independent prognostic factor while ALBI-pre and ALBI-post were not. The C-index of ALBI-trend (0.622; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.587 to 0.655) was higher than that of ALBI-pre (0.589; 95% CI, 0.557 to 0.621; bootstrap mean difference, 0.033; 95% CI, 0.013 to 0.057) and ALBI-post (0.575; 95% CI, 0.545 to 0.605; bootstrap mean difference, 0.047; 95% CI, 0.024 to 0.074).
Conclusion
Combining ALBI-pre and ALBI-post scores is an independent prognostic factor of OS and shows superior predictive power compared to ALBI-pre or ALBI-post alone in patients with CRC.

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Comparing laboratory toxicity of selective intra-arterial radionuclide therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors: resin versus glass microspheres
Başak Soydaş-Turan, M. Fani Bozkurt, Gonca Eldem, Bora Peynircioglu, Omer Ugur, Bilge Volkan-Salanci
Annals of Nuclear Medicine.2025; 39(4): 373. CrossRef
Improvement of Hypoalbuminemia and Hepatic Reserve after Stent Placement for Postsurgical Portal Vein Stenosis
Naoya Kinota, Daisuke Abo, Ryo Morita, Koji Yamasaki, Takaaki Fujii, Daisuke Kato, Tasuku Kimura, Yusuke Sakuhara, Kazufumi Okada, Isao Yokota, Tatsuya Orimo, Tatsuhiko Kakisaka, Toru Nakamura, Satoshi Hirano, Kazuyuki Minowa, Kohsuke Kudo
Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology.2025; 36(4): 616. CrossRef
Gastrointestinal tumors of the small bowel: prognostic roles of tumor stage and inflammatory markers
Mehmet Torun, Sevil Özkan, Deniz Kol Özbay, Erkan Özkan
Anatolian Current Medical Journal.2025; 7(2): 164. CrossRef
Predictive value of preoperative serum cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1(CYFRA 21-1) in surgical resection for colorectal cancer: A retrospective study
Shuyuan Gu, Shihui Chen, Yuan Chai, Chao Qu, Xuejun Sun, Junhui Yu
Current Problems in Surgery.2025; 69: 101791. CrossRef
Sex-Specific Associations of Total Bilirubin, ALBI, and PALBI with Lung Cancer Risk: Interactions with Smoking and Alcohol
Jong Won Shin, Nguyen Thien Minh, Sun Ha Jee
Healthcare.2025; 13(11): 1321. CrossRef
Bilirubin Metabolism and Thyroid Cancer: Insights from ALBI and PALBI Indices
Jong Won Shin, Jae Woong Sull, Nguyen Thien Minh, Sun Ha Jee
Biomolecules.2025; 15(7): 1042. CrossRef
Hemoglobin-Albumin-Lymphocyte-Platelet Score as an Integrative Biomarker for Prognosis and Sarcopenia in Colorectal Cancer
Hailun Xie, Lishuang Wei, Shuangyi Tang, Jialiang Gan
Journal of Inflammation Research.2025; Volume 18: 14709. CrossRef
The association between the albumin-bilirubin score and postoperative delirium and prognosis in cardiac surgery patients: a retrospective dual-center cohort study using MIMIC-IV and eICU databases
Na Zhu, Xiejia Weng, Xinxin Wang, Huiyang Cai
BMC Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The prognostic value of preoperative serum liver function-related indicators in colorectal cancer
Lang Wang, Jinshan Liu, Can Tan, Yuhang Diao, Lijuan Wang, Youyun Shi, Xinpeng Shu, Yong Cheng
Medicine.2025; 104(51): e46047. CrossRef
Assessment of the albumin-bilirubin score in breast cancer patients with liver metastasis after surgery
Li Chen, Chunlei Tan, Qingwen Li, Zhibo Ma, Meng Wu, Xiaosheng Tan, Tiangen Wu, Jinwen Liu, Jing Wang
Heliyon.2023; 9(11): e21772. CrossRef

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Breast cancer

Efficacy of Limited Dose Modifications for Palbociclib-Related Grade 3 Neutropenia in Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Seul-Gi Kim, Min Hwan Kim, Sejung Park, Gun Min Kim, Jee Hung Kim, Jee Ye Kim, Hyung Seok Park, Seho Park, Byeong Woo Park, Seung Il Kim, Jung Hwan Ji, Joon Jeong, Kabsoo Shin, Jieun Lee, Hyung-Don Kim, Kyung Hae Jung, Joohyuk Sohn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1198-1209. Published online April 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1543

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Frequent neutropenia hinders uninterrupted palbociclib treatment in patients with hormone receptor (HR)–positive breast cancer. We compared the efficacy outcomes in multicenter cohorts of patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) receiving palbociclib following conventional dose modification or limited modified schemes for afebrile grade 3 neutropenia.
Materials and Methods
Patients with HR-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative mBC (n=434) receiving palbociclib with letrozole as first-line therapy were analyzed and classified based on neutropenia grade and afebrile grade 3 neutropenia management as follows: group 1 (maintained palbociclib dose, limited scheme), group 2 (dose delay or reduction, conventional scheme), group 3 (no afebrile grade 3 neutropenia event), and group 4 (grade 4 neutropenia event). The primary and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) between groups 1 and 2 and PFS, overall survival, and safety profiles among all groups.
Results
During follow-up (median 23.7 months), group 1 (2-year PFS, 67.9%) showed significantly longer PFS than did group 2 (2-year PFS, 55.3%; p=0.036), maintained across all subgroups, and upon adjustment of the factors. Febrile neutropenia occurred in one and two patients of group 1 and group 2, respectively, without mortality.
Conclusion
Limited dose modification for palbociclib-related grade 3 neutropenia may lead to longer PFS, without increasing toxicity, than the conventional dose scheme.

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Efficacy and Safety of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Studies
Hui-Chen Su, Ho-Wei Lin, Ka-Wai Tam
Targeted Oncology.2025; 20(1): 71. CrossRef
Palbociclib Is Safe for Breast Cancer Patients With Mild Hepatic Impairment: A Multicenter Retrospective Study Using Real‐World Data
Alieke K. Bos, Annelieke E.C.A.B. Willemsen, Loes E. Visser, Lennart J. Stoker, Jurjen S. Kingma, Mirjam K. Rommers, Emile M. Kuck, Paul D. van der Linden, Merel van Nuland
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 117(4): 1115. CrossRef
Real-world effectiveness of CDK4/6i in first-line treatment of HR+/HER2− advanced/metastatic breast cancer: updated systematic review
Nadia Harbeck, Adam Brufsky, Chloe Grace Rose, Beata Korytowsky, Connie Chen, Krista Tantakoun, Endri Jazexhi, Do Hoang Vien Nguyen, Meaghan Bartlett, Imtiaz A. Samjoo, Timothy Pluard
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Adverse Event Costs and Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Anticancer Drugs
Mingye Zhao, Taihang Shao, Yue Yin, Hongshu Fang, Hanqiao Shao, Wenxi Tang
JAMA Network Open.2025; 8(5): e2512455. CrossRef
Palbociclib treatment in patients with HR+/HER2− advanced or metastatic breast cancer and visceral metastasis: A systematic literature review
Julia C. Radosa, Sara López-Tarruella Cobo, Johanna Dzieran, Esther Glastetter, Connie Chen, Melissa Lingohr-Smith, Vinay Pasupuleti, Adam Brufsky
The Breast.2025; 84: 104569. CrossRef
Palbociclib

Reactions Weekly.2023; 1988(1): 138. CrossRef

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Prognostic Value of the Evolution of HER2-Low Expression after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Youzhao Ma, Mingda Zhu, Jingyang Zhang, Minhao Lv, Xiuchun Chen, Zhenzhen Liu; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1210-1221. Published online April 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1633

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–low advanced breast cancer can benefit from trastuzumab deruxtecan. Given the unclear prognostic characteristics of HER2-low breast cancer, we investigated the prognostic characteristics of HER2-low expression from primary tumor to residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).
Materials and Methods
The data of HER2-negative patients receiving NACT at our center were collected. Pathological complete response (pCR) rate were compared between HER2-0 and HER2-low patients. The evolution of HER2 expression from primary tumor to residual disease and its impact on disease-free survival (DFS) were examined.
Results
Of the 690 patients, 494 patients had HER2-low status, of which 72.3% were hormone receptor (HR)–positive (p < 0.001). The pCR rates of HER2-low and HER2-0 patients (14.2% vs. 23.0%) showed no difference in multivariate analysis regardless of HR status. No association was observed between DFS and HER2 status. Of the 564 non-pCR patients, 57 (10.1%) changed to HER2-positive, and 64 of the 150 patients (42.7%) with HER2-0 tumors changed to HER2-low. HER2-low (p=0.004) and HR-positive (p=0.010) tumors before NACT were prone to HER2 gain. HER2 gain patients had a better DFS compared with HER2-negative maintained patients (87.9% vs. 79.5%, p=0.048), and the DFS of targeted therapy group was better than that of no targeted therapy group (92.4% vs. 66.7%, p=0.016).
Conclusion
Although HER2-low did not affect the pCR rate and DFS, significant evolution of HER2-low expression after NACT creates opportunities for targeted therapy including trastuzumab.

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Preoperative Differentiation of HER2‐Zero and HER2‐Low from HER2‐Positive Invasive Ductal Breast Cancers Using BI‐RADS MRI Features and Machine Learning Modeling
Jiejie Zhou, Yang Zhang, Haiwei Miao, Ga Young Yoon, Jinhao Wang, Yezhi Lin, Hailing Wang, Yan‐Lin Liu, Jeon‐Hor Chen, Zhifang Pan, Min‐Ying Su, Meihao Wang
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2025; 61(2): 928. CrossRef
Combining ultrasound and immunohistochemistry to differentiate HER-2-low from HER-2-null breast cancer: A diagnostic value analysis
Lu Li, Meng Zhang, Chen Qian, Hao Wu, Kexin Zhang, Wenying Wu
Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences.2025; 18(4): 101918. CrossRef
HER2-low status as a dynamic biomarker in breast cancer: molecular and clinical correlations
A. I. Stukan, S. V. Vtorushin, A. P. Bogdan, T. Yu. Semiglazova, V. V. Kudrina, V. N. Bodnya, V. A. Porkhanov, A. A. Dovlatbekyan, M. A. Chagiev, A. A. Naniz
Siberian journal of oncology.2025; 24(4): 29. CrossRef
Prognostic significance of HER2-low and HER2-zero status before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer
Youzhao Ma, Jingyang Zhang, Lina Wang, Dechuang Jiao, Xiuchun Chen, Zhenzhen Liu
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Modified Neo-Bioscore System for Staging Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy Based on Prognostic Significance of HER2-Low Expression
Yingying Zhao, Xinru Chen, Yaohui Wang, Xueqing Zhang, Jingsong Lu, Wenjin Yin
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(7): 1850. CrossRef
Comparison of the Pathological Complete Response Rate and Survival Between HER2-Low and HER2-Zero Breast Cancer in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mei Liu, Qin Xiang, Fengsheng Dai, Yixiao Yuan, Zhongjun Wu, Tingxiu Xiang
Clinical Breast Cancer.2024; 24(7): 575. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis in HER2-low and HER2-zero breast cancer patients by HR status: a retrospective study in China
Shaorong Zhao, Yuyun Wang, Angxiao Zhou, Xu Liu, Yi Zhang, Jin Zhang
PeerJ.2024; 12: e17492. CrossRef
Alteration of HER2 Status During Breast Cancer Progression: A Clinicopathological Analysis Focusing on HER2-Low Status
Kyungah Bai, Ji Won Woo, Hyun Jung Kwon, Yul Ri Chung, Koung Jin Suh, Se Hyun Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, So Yeon Park
Laboratory Investigation.2024; 104(8): 102092. CrossRef
HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Now and in the Future
Sora Kang, Sung-Bae Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 700. CrossRef
Stable or at least once HER2-low status during neoadjuvant chemotherapy confers survival benefit in patients with breast cancer
Yingying Zhao, Xinru Chen, Yaohui Wang, Xueqing Zhang, Yumei Ye, Shuguang Xu, Liheng Zhou, Yanping Lin, Jingsong Lu, Wenjin Yin
Annals of Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The prognostic impact of Her2 status in early triple negative breast cancer: a Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) study
Neslihan Özyurt, Ali Alkan, Burcu Gülbağcı, Mustafa Seyyar, Esra Aşık, Mustafa Şahbazlar, Mehmet Türker, Oğuzcan Kınıkoğlu, Tahir Yerlikaya, Gülhan Dinç, Ali Aytaç, Ziya Kalkan, Senar Ebinç, İlkay Gültürk, Merve Keskinkılıç, Zehra Sucuoğlu İşleyen, Dilek
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic implications of HER2 changes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-zero and HER2-low breast cancer
Sora Kang, So Heun Lee, Hee Jin Lee, Hyehyun Jeong, Jae Ho Jeong, Jeong Eun Kim, Jin-Hee Ahn, Kyung Hae Jung, Gyungyub Gong, Hak Hee Kim, Saebyeol Lee, Jongwon Lee, Sung-Bae Kim
European Journal of Cancer.2023; : 112956. CrossRef

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