Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Versus Conventional Esophagectomy: Joon Beom Park, Myung-Il Hahm, Hong Kwan Kim, Danbee Kang, Seong Yong Park; Received October 29, 2025 Accepted June 8, 2026 Published online June 19, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.1188 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study evaluated the comparative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) versus open esophagectomy (OE) and conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in a nationwide real-world setting.
Materials and Methods
A target trial emulation was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, including patients who underwent first-time esophagectomy for esophageal cancer between 2010 and 2023, with survival followed through June 2024. Propensity score–matched cohorts were created for RAMIE versus OE (n=1,713 per group) and RAMIE versus MIE (n=1,162 per group). Clinical outcomes were compared, and a 5-year semi-Markov model was used to estimate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs from a healthcare sector perspective with a 4.5% annual discount rate. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), incremental net benefits (INBs), and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were calculated.
Results
RAMIE showed comparable or better short-term outcomes, including lower incidence of transfusion-requiring bleeding risk than OE (23.6% vs. 32.5%; relative risk [RR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.65–0.81) and MIE (27.9% vs. 33.6%; RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77–0.99). Long-term survival was superior to OE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–0.88) and similar to MIE (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.82–1.06). RAMIE yielded higher QALYs (Δ0.311 vs. OE; Δ0.126 vs MIE) and lower 5-year costs ($12,372–$19,765 vs. OE; $1,703–$9,097 vs. MIE), resulting in negative ICERs, positive INBs, and high probabilities of cost-effectiveness in sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion
RAMIE showed a favorable clinical and cost-effectiveness profile compared with OE and MIE, adding to the evidence base for its broader adoption.

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Risk Prediction Based on Clinicopathologic Features in Korean Melanoma Patients by Machine Learning: Taeho Yuh, Hyunwook Kim, Eun Sil Baek, Joong Bae Ahn, Dongwoo Chae, Kee Yang Chung, Byungho Oh, Mi Ryung Roh, Sang Joon Shin; Received October 22, 2025 Accepted May 4, 2026 Published online May 7, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.1154 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The prognosis of malignant melanoma differs across ethnic groups, partly due to variations in histologic subtypes. Accurate risk stratification at diagnosis is crucial but remains challenging in Korea due to its low incidence. This study aimed to develop and evaluate machine learning (ML) models for predicting 2-year disease free survival (DFS) using clinicopathologic features available at the time of diagnosis
Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort of 1,657 Korean melanoma patients (2006–2023) was analyzed. Clinical and pathological variables—excluding TNM staging and treatment data—were used to train ML models, including decision tree, random forest, boosting methods, XGBoost, and deep neural networks (DNN). Performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC.
Results
The study included 1,657 patients with 12 clinicopathologic variables, showing median DFS of 63.9 months (95% CI 52.93-85.33) and a 2-year survival rate of 67.68% (95% CI: 65.16-70.00). Among the evaluated algorithms, XGBoost demonstrated the highest F1 score of 0.761. Feature importance analysis identified primary tumor site, mitotic rate, and body mass index (BMI) as the most influential predictors of survival. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards analysis confirmed the clinical relevance of these features.
Conclusion
The XGBoost model showed the best performance for predicting 2-year DFS probability in Korean melanoma patients. Primary cancer site, mitotic rate, and BMI were identified as significant features influencing survival.

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Special Article

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2023: Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Seo Hyun Choi, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Kui Son Choi, Han-Kwang Yang, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(2):349-367. Published online March 23, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.298

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2023, with international comparisons.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence, survival, and prevalence rates were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (1999-2023), with survival follow-up until December 31, 2024. Mortality data were obtained from the Ministry of Data and Statistics, while international comparisons were based on GLOBOCAN data.
Results
In 2023, 288,613 newly diagnosed cancer cases (age-standardized rate [ASR], 288.6 per 100,000) and 85,271 deaths from cancer (ASR, 64.3 per 100,000) were reported. Among the incident cases, 145,452 (50.4%) were aged 65 years or older. Prostate cancer became the most common cancer among men for the first time. The proportion of localized-stage cancers increased from 45.6% in 2005 to 51.8% in 2023. Korea had the lowest cancer mortality among countries with similar incidence rates and the lowest mortality-to-incidence ratios for stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer. The 5-year relative survival rate (2019-2023) was 73.7% overall and 92.7% for localized-stage cancers. Over 2.73 million prevalent cases were identified in 2023, representing 5.3% of the Korean population.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that Korea’s cancer control efforts have contributed to early detection and improved survival outcomes. As Korea enters a super-aged society in 2025, cancer burden will continue to increase, requiring sustained and adaptive cancer control strategies.

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Epidemiological Trends, Inter-Cancer Correlations, and Incidence Projections for 61 Cancer Types in Korea, 1999–2028: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Hyeran Jung, Minsun Jung
Cancers.2026; 18(14): 2341. CrossRef
Single-port robotic areolar surgery for thyroid and neck procedures: a 3-year, 500-case single-surgeon experience using the da-Vinci SP system
Myeong Ho Shin, Gi Tae Kim, Seung Hwan Lim, Jin Wook Yi
Updates in Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Shifting Cancer Landscapes in Korea: Divergent Incidence Trajectories, Sex-Specific Burdens, and Projected Case Counts for 24 Major Cancer Types from 1999 to 2023, with Forecasts to 2030
Hyeran Jung, Minsun Jung
Current Oncology.2026; 33(8): 444. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Conditional Relative Survival and Competing Mortality in Surgically Treated Patients with Localized and Regional Kidney Cancer in Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study: Hyun Bin Shin, Dong Wook Shin, In Young Cho, Junhee Park, Jin Hyung Jung, Kyungdo Han, Jinsung Park; Received May 24, 2025 Accepted March 5, 2026 Published online March 9, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.557 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the 5-year conditional relative survival and competing mortality in surgically treated patients with localized and regional kidney cancer.
Materials and Methods
Using a nationwide population-based database, the Korea Clinical Data Utilization Network for Research Excellence, conditional relative survival conditioned on 1 to 3 years of survival after diagnosis was measured. These rates were stratified by age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and treatment received. Cause of death and estimated cause-specific mortality were also described and considered with competing risks.
Results
This study included a total of 19,749 newly diagnosed patients with kidney cancer who underwent surgical treatment from 2013 to 2019. The baseline conditional relative survival rates for the entire cohort, patients with localized disease, and patients with regional disease were 97.2%, 99.4%, and 82.6%, respectively. After 1 year, these rates increased to 99.3%, 99.5%, and 97.1%, respectively. Patients who underwent surgery only had the highest baseline conditional relative survival rates (99.3%) compared with those who received surgery with radiotherapy (74.0%), with chemotherapy (38.9%), and with chemotherapy and radiotherapy (16.2%). Specifically, patients who underwent robotic surgery or partial nephrectomy showed higher baseline conditional relative survival rates (> 100%) than others. Furthermore, kidney cancer was the leading cause of death (49.6%), followed by other types of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Over time, kidney cancer-specific mortality decreased.
Conclusion
Conditional survival after surgery for localized or regional kidney cancer was high and improved over time. These findings indicate that long-term prognosis varies by stage and patient characteristics and should inform postoperative surveillance.

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Understanding the Unmet Needs in Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Korea: Eun Sang Yu, Soyean Kwon, Seonggyu Byeon, Ja Min Byun, Sung-Soo Park, Ki-Seong Eom, Chul Won Choi; Received September 15, 2025 Accepted January 23, 2026 Published online January 26, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.1008 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of ibrutinib in 2012, the treatment landscape for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) has undergone a paradigm shift. Nevertheless, the disease remains incurable, posing ongoing clinical challenges. In Korea, these challenges are further compounded by unique characteristics of patients and national healthcare system.
Materials and Methods
The multicenter retrospective analysis included 519 patients diagnosed with CLL/SLL between 2006 and 2024 across three major Korean institutions.
Results
The median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Among 267 patients who received first-line therapy, 68.9% (184/267) were treated with immunochemotherapy, 19.4% (52/267) with cytotoxic chemotherapy, and 11.2% (30/267) with a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. Since the Korean approval of ibrutinib in 2016, BTK inhibitor use has steadily increased. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that patients receiving BTK inhibitor–based therapy had more favorable outcomes compared to those treated with immunochemotherapy.
Conclusion
This study provides the most comprehensive real-world reflection of current diagnostic and therapeutic practices in Korea. Through comparative analysis with international data, it offers valuable insights into the limitations of current CLL/SLL care and may inform future strategies to optimize management in the Korean context.

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Pre-treatment Ki-67 Index for Everolimus Efficacy in Patients with Hormone Receptor–Positive and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study: Yujing Tan, Hanfang Jiang, Fei Ma, Bo Lan, Yang Luo, Jiayu Wang, Pin Zhang, Binghe Xu, Weihong Zhao, Ying Fan; Received May 12, 2025 Accepted January 11, 2026 Published online January 14, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.506 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The study aims to explore the predictive value of the Ki-67 index for everolimus efficacy in patients with hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HR+/HER2–) advanced breast cancer (ABC).
Materials and Methods
We collected data on 2,518 cancer patients who received everolimus treatment from three cancer centers in China. Their clinicopathologic characteristics were retrospectively collected. A training cohort and a validation cohort were developed.
Results
A total of 300 patients with HR+/HER2– ABC were included in the study, with 200 patients in the training cohort and 100 patients in the validation cohort. When analyzing the Ki-67 index from 14% to 50%, only the Ki-67 cutoff of 40% was found to be significantly correlated with progression-free survival for patients in the training cohort. Multivariate Cox analyses further showed that Ki-67 index of 40% (p=0.03) was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with everolimus. Patients with Ki-67 less than 40% had an improved PFS of 7.0 months, significantly better than 4.6 months for patients with Ki-67 more than 40% (p=0.03; hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 0.97). In the validation cohort, patients with a Ki-67 index of less than 40% had a significantly longer PFS of 4.3 months (2.1 vs. 4.3 months, p < 0.001; HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.51).
Conclusion
The Ki-67 cutoff value of 40% was identified as an optimal index for predicting the efficacy of everolimus, which may help with the management of everolimus in Chinese patients with HR+/HER2– ABC.

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Efficacy and safety profiles of CDK4/6 inhibitor in patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC) from the high-altitude versus l
Yujing Tan, Yinyin Ye, Weihong Zhao, Hangfang Jiang, Jiani Wang, Jiuda Zhao, Fei Ma
Cancer Biology & Therapy.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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Trends in Incidence and Survival of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer in Korea, 2001–2020: Comparison with U.S. SEER Data: Jin Kyung Suh, Eun Hye Park, Meerim Park, Jun Ah Lee, Kyu-won Jung, Hyeon Jin Park; Received July 10, 2025 Accepted December 30, 2025 Published online January 2, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.722 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Childhood cancers are rare but clinically significant. Monitoring incidence and survival trends is essential for evaluating progress in cancer control and identifying areas for improvement.
Materials and Methods
We analyzed cancer incidence and survival trends among individuals aged 0-19 years in Korea using data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry from 2001 to 2020. Cancer types were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition (ICCC-3). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated. Relative survival rates (RSRs) were estimated and compared with data from the United States.
Results
A total of 34,223 cancer cases were identified during the study period. The overall ASR was 151.3 per million person-years, with a significant increasing trend (APC 1.5%). Leukemias were the most common diagnostic group (ASR 43.7), followed by central nervous system tumors and lymphomas. Between 2001-2010 and 2011-2020, the 5-year and 10-year RSRs improved from 75.2% to 84.8% and from 72.7% to 82.7%, respectively. The largest survival gains were observed in leukemia (14.9 percentage points) and neuroblastoma (13.1 percentage points). Compared to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, Korea showed similar overall survival trends, although differences remained by cancer type and age group.
Conclusion
The incidence of childhood and adolescent cancers in Korea has increased, while survival has significantly improved over the past two decades. These findings highlight substantial progress in pediatric cancer care, while underscoring the need for targeted efforts for specific cancer subtypes and age groups.

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The Impact of Post-mastectomy Radiotherapy on T1-2N0-1 Male Breast Cancer and Establishment of an Artificial Neural Network Predicting Model: Population-Based Study: Kaiyan Huang, Yushuai Yu, Xiaofen Li, Yushan Liu, Kailong Huang, Xin Wang, Jie Zhang; Received May 14, 2025 Accepted November 4, 2025 Published online November 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.518 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in male breast cancer (MBC) patients and develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model to identify a potential PMRT benefit population.
Materials and Methods
Data from a total of 2,247 MBC patients with T1-2N0-1M0 who underwent total mastectomy between 1998 and 2016 were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Propensity score matching was used to reduce covariate imbalances. Cox regression analysis was conducted to compare overall survival (OS) between the PMRT and no-PMRT groups. The hypothesis was that patients who had undergone PMRT and lived longer than the median OS of the no-PMRT group could benefit from PMRT. An ANN model was then developed to predict PMRT benefit population.
Results
Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated better OS in the PMRT group compared to the no-PMRT group of matched patients. This survival benefit was particularly significant in patients with grade III or T2N0 and T2N1 disease, while no significant difference was observed in patients with grade I/II or T1N0 and T1N1 disease. An ANN model was established to predict PMRT benefit population based on patients with T2N0/T2N1. The optimal cut-off value for the model predicted probability was 0.51. Survival curves indicated that a score of 0.51 could accurately distinguish potential PMRT benefit population.
Conclusion
For MBC patients with T2N0, T2N1, and grade III, PMRT would improve survival. The ANN model would be used to identify patients who are likely to benefit from PMRT and aid in clinical decision-making.

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Case Report: long-term survival of a male patient with breast cancer complicated by lung adenocarcinoma treated with individualized therapy
Yadong Liu, Xuejuan Duan, Zhenru Zheng, Gang Cheng, Xianbo Zhang, Jing Zhao
Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A machine learning-based prognostic model for de novo metastatic HR-positive breast cancer: SEER cohort with external validation
Sihang Lin, Wanwan Wang, Lixia Liu, Jiayu Guan, Chuanrong Cen, Huawei Yang
Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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Clinical Outcomes and Histologic Subtype-Specific Patterns in Oligometastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremities and Trunk Wall: Implications for Curative Local Ablative Therapy: Eunkyu Yang, Han-Soo Kim, Jay Hoon Park, Yongsung Kim, Shinn Kim, Miso Kim, Jeonghwan Youk, Hak Jae Kim, Hyun-Cheol Kang, Ilkyu Han; Received September 9, 2025 Accepted October 29, 2025 Published online October 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.983 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Oligometastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) may offer the possibility of cure compared with polymetastatic disease, with progression patterns and treatment responses varying across histologic subtypes. This study investigated the clinical characteristics, oncologic outcomes, and histologic subtype-specific features of oligometastatic STS.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed records of 1,243 patients with extremity/trunk STS who underwent curative surgery between 2000 and 2023. Oligometastatic recurrence occurred in 170 (13.6%), 149 of whom received local ablative therapy (LAT). Disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed, along with prognostic factors and subtype-specific characteristics.
Results
The median follow-up was 52.5 months. Surgery alone was the most common LAT (71.2%), followed by surgery with radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, and radiofrequency ablation. The median DSS was 50.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.5 to 68.5), with a 5-year DSS rate of 45.2%. The median PFS was 12.0 months (95% CI, 7.6 to 16.4), with a 5-year PFS of 28.1%. On multivariate analysis, LAT was independently associated with longer DSS (hazard ratio, 9.629; p < 0.001). Smaller oligometastatic lesion size and adequate local control of the primary tumor were also independently associated with longer DSS. Metastasis-free interval > 6 months independently predicted longer PFS. Histologic subtypes demonstrated distinct clinical behaviors; for example, myxofibrosarcoma had a lower metastatic rate but poorer DSS, whereas synovial sarcoma showed relatively favorable long-term survival.
Conclusion
Oligometastatic STS represents an intermediate disease state in which LAT can provide meaningful survival benefit. Subtype-specific differences in metastatic behavior and survival outcomes would support individualized, multimodal, and potentially curative treatment strategies.

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Healthy Behaviors and All-Cause Mortality among Korean Gastric Cancer Survivors: Donghyun Won, Jeeyoo Lee, Sooyoung Cho, Ji Yoon Baek, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Aesun Shin; Received February 14, 2025 Accepted September 1, 2025 Published online September 3, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.177 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
The incidence, prevalence, and survival rates of gastric cancer are high, and the prognostic effects of healthy behaviors among survivors have not been well investigated. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of postdiagnosis healthy behaviors and behavior changes after gastric cancer diagnosis on all-cause mortality.
Materials and Methods
As a population-based retrospective cohort study, we used a cancer public library sample DB of gastric cancer patients between 2012 and 2019. Information from regular health check-up examinations was used to investigate their anthropometric measures, physical activities, alcohol consumption, and smoking status before and after cancer diagnosis. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause deaths with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated via the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
We analyzed 9,717 gastric cancer patients and 5,929 of those as a subgroup to assess the effects of behavior changes. Reduced mortality was shown among cancer patients who met the recommended criteria after the cancer diagnosis for physical activity (adjusted HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.49 to 0.93], mean frequencies of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week: ≥ 5 days vs. 0 days) and smoking cessation (0.77 [0.61 to 0.97], smoking status: never-smokers vs. current smokers). Participants who reported enhancement in behaviors had significantly lower mortality than the others who reported no or limited changes in physical activity (0.73 [0.55 to 0.96]) and smoking status (0.56 [0.38 to 0.83]).
Conclusion
The current study highlights the advantages of physical activity and smoking cessation in reducing mortality, and these benefits are even greater when patients improve their behavior after cancer diagnosis.

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Clinicopathological Factors Influencing PD-L1 Expression and the Effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Survival Outcomes in Patients with Gastric Cancer Depending on Sex in a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea: Jeong Hwan Lee, Nayoung Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Hyeon Jeong Oh, Yeejin Kim, Yonghoon Choi, Hyemin Jo, Ho-Kyoung Lee, Jinju Choi, Yu Kyung Jun, Hyuk Yoon, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Dong Ho Lee, Hye Seung Lee, So Hyun Kang, Young Suk Park, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Yun-Suhk Suh, Do Joong Park, Hyung Ho Kim, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Won Chang, Yoon Jin Lee, Kyoung Ho Lee, Young Hoon Kim, Soyeon Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(3):860-871. Published online August 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.126

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) negatively regulates T-cell activation, and exhibits sex-based differences in expression and immune responses. This study investigated sex-related differences in clinicopathological factors influencing PD-L1 expression and the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on survival in gastric cancer (GC) patients in South Korea.
Materials and Methods
We analyzed a prospective cohort of 468 GC patients who underwent PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. Age, tumor characteristics, molecular features, and survival outcomes were compared by sex. Multivariate analyses, including Cox proportional hazards modeling with an interaction term for sex, were performed.
Results
Among 468 patients, 280 (59.8%) were PD-L1 positive. In the overall cohort, PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (odds ratio [OR], 7.46; p < 0.001), antral location of GC (OR, 1.84; p=0.027), and macrosatellite instability–high (MSI-H) (OR, 5.04; p=0.027). Diffuse-type histology was inversely associated (OR, 0.22; p=0.041). In males, EBV (OR, 36.27) and antral location (OR, 2.38) were significant. In females, only MSI-H was significant (OR, 11.63). ICI-containing therapy significantly improved survival in males (p=0.012) but not in females (p=0.415). Cox regression showed a survival benefit from ICIs (hazard ratio, 0.70; p=0.080), with a borderline-significant interaction by sex (p=0.073).
Conclusion
PD-L1 expression and therapeutic efficacy of ICIs differ by sex in GC. EBV infection and antral tumor location were independent factors in males, while MSI-H status was significant in females. These findings highlight the importance of sex-based immunobiology in tailoring GC treatment strategies.

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Prognostic implications of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2018 and 2025
Gulnaz Yessultanova, Zhanat Komekbay, Indira Karibayeva, Anar Tulyayeva, Nurgul Kereyeva, Aigul Zhumasheva, Lunara Ishimova
BMC Cancer.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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Head and Neck cancer

Risk Stratification in T4 or N3 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Lin-Feng Guo, Lu-Chao Zhu, Yi-Feng Yu, Zhen-Zhen Lu, Qin Lin, San-Gang Wu; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(3):728-737. Published online August 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.573

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic heterogeneity among stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients according to the 9th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging system to identify potential subgroups requiring tailored therapeutic strategies.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively included stage III patients (T1-3N3 or T4N0-3) who were diagnosed with NPC between January 2015 and December 2021 according to the 9th edition of the AJCC/UICC staging system. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used for statistical analysis.
Results
A total of 309 patients were included in this study. A total of 92/309 (29.8%) patients developed locoregional recurrence and/or distant metastasis with a median follow-up of 52.9 months. Those with T4N3 disease had significantly lower distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) but comparable locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS) to those with T1-3N3 and T4N0-2 disease. Those with T4N3 disease had comparable LRFS but significantly lower 5-year DMFS (78.7% vs. 44.7%, p < 0.001), PFS (65.7% vs. 27.6%, p < 0.001), and OS (77.1% vs. 45.9%, p < 0.001) compared to those with stage T4N0-2 and T1-3N3 diseases. Similar results were confirmed using the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates the prognostic heterogeneity of stage III disease within the 9th edition NPC staging system. T4N3 category should be considered separately and treated as a distinct entity regardless of the staging editions.

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Breast cancer

Sex Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival According to Clinical Treatment Score Post-5 Years (CTS5) Risk Stratification: Ke Liu, Zhen-Zhen Lu, Zhen-Yu He, San-Gang Wu; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(2):525-533. Published online May 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.361

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The role of the Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years (CTS5) in male breast cancer (MBC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of CTS5 between MBC and female breast cancer (FBC).
Materials and Methods
Patients diagnosed with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative/estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer between 2010 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were used for statistical analysis.
Results
This study included 169,869 patients, comprising 168,422 (99.1%) FBC and 1,447 (0.9%) MBC patients. More MBC patients had intermediate risk (IR)/high risk (HR) disease compared to FBC patients (17.7% vs. 8.7%, p < 0.001). MBC patients had an inferior overall survival (OS) but similar breast cancer-specific survival compared to those with FBC. Sensitivity analyses showed that sex was an independent prognostic factor associated with OS but not breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in both the low-risk (LR) and IR/HR cohorts. Those with MBC exhibited significantly worse OS (p < 0.001) than FBC patients in both cohorts. In MBC patients, those with IR/HR disease had significantly worse OS (p < 0.001) and BCSS (p < 0.001) compared to those with LR disease. For FBC patients, the IR/HR group had also significantly worse OS (p < 0.001) and BCSS (p < 0.001) compared to the LR group.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight critical differences in clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes between MBC and FBC, suggesting the need for sex-tailored approaches in breast cancer management.

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Differences in Responses to Neoadjuvant Anti-HER2 Therapy between HER2 2+/ISH+ and HER2 3+ in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Lingjun Ma, Ran Zheng, Lingyun Xu, Ying Zhu, Hong Yin, Xiaoqing Zhang, Rong Deng, Jue Wang, Xiaoming Zha; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(2):501-512. Published online April 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1200

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Dual anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) drugs have become the standard regimen for neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) to HER2-positive breast cancer patients. However, the efficacy varies greatly among patients with different HER2 protein expression levels.
Materials and Methods
A total of 575 HER2-positive breast cancer patients from multiple centers throughout China from 2013 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared clinicopathological features in different HER2 immunohistochemistry classes (HER2 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH] + or HER2 3+), and their difference in response to NST and survival with single or dual anti-HER2 drugs. Drug sensitivity assays were used to evaluate different efficacy of anti-HER2 drugs in vitro.
Results
Compared to HER2 3+ subgroup, the HER2 2+/ISH+ group had a higher proportion of hormone receptor–positive status (48.7% vs. 76.1%, p < 0.001), more HER2 protein loss after NST, lower pathological complete response (pCR) rate (46.07% vs. 16.24%, p < 0.001), and tended to have worse disease-free survival (DFS). In HER2 2+/ISH+ patients, treated with pertuzumab and trastuzumab in combination had no significant improvement in pCR (19.12% vs. 12.24%, p=0.287) and DFS (p=0.908) than using alone. Drug sensitivity assay showed poor efficacy with dual anti-HER2 drugs in HER2 2+/ISH+ cell lines; however, fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan drugs had a satisfactory effect.
Conclusion
Owing to the differences in clinicopathological features and treatment efficacy, we considered the HER2 2+/ISH+ group to be a distinct subtype and defined it as the HER2-moderate–positive subgroup. In this subgroup, dual anti-HER2 drugs did not exert significant improvement in pCR and DFS. Therefore, treatment optimization is warranted, with antibody-drug conjugate drugs as potential options.

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Survival Rates of Patients with Gastric Cancer According to Age and Sex: A Large-Scale Study Using Data from 14,739 Patients: Yonghoon Choi, Nayoung Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Hyeong Ho Jo, Hyeon Jeong Oh, Hye Seung Lee, Yu Kyung Jun, Hyuk Yoon, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Dong Ho Lee, So Hyun Kang, Young Suk Park, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Yun-Suhk Suh, Do Joong Park, Hyung Ho Kim, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Won Chang, Yoon Jin Lee, Kyoung Ho Lee, Young Hoon Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):252-263. Published online April 16, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.149

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The male predominance in the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is established; however, sex differences in the prognosis of GC remain controversial. As such, this study analyzed the prognosis of patients with GC based on age and sex.
Materials and Methods
Data from 14,739 patients diagnosed with GC at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2003 and 2023 were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, histological types of GC, overall and GC-specific survival rates (age and stage stratification), and associated risk factors were analyzed.
Results
Females were significantly younger (p < 0.001) and exhibited more gastric body cancers (p < 0.001) and tumors with diffuse-type or poorly differentiated histology (p < 0.001) than males. Females exhibited an advantage over males in terms of overall survival (p=0.004), but not in GC-specific survival. However, age stratification revealed significant sex differences, that females < 50 years of age exhibited survival disadvantages (p < 0.001); however, this trend was reversed with age, and females > 60 years exhibited survival advantages (p < 0.001) for both overall and GC-specific survival. This may be explained by the lower ratio of diffuse-type GC as females age. Furthermore, in the analysis according to stage, females with stage IV disease exhibited significant survival disadvantages, with significantly younger age and a higher proportion of diffuse-type GC which exhibits aggressive features, resulting in poorer survival than in males.
Conclusion
Age and stage stratification revealed significant differences in survival between the sexes, which can be helpful for public health strategies.

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Validation of Textbook Outcome in Gastric Surgery (TOGS) for Primary Gastric Cancer in an Eastern High-Volume Center
Ludovico Carbone, Yo-Seok Cho, Min Kyu Kang, Kyoyoung Park, Jane Chungyoon Kim, Sa-Hong Kim, Jeesun Kim, Nina Rebecca Kalaw, Yoonjin Kwak, Hye Seung Lee, Seong-Ho Kong, Do Joong Park, Daniele Marrelli, Han-Kwang Yang, Franco Roviello, Hyuk-Joon Lee
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2026; 33(8): 7283. CrossRef
Age-related prognostic trends in surgically resected female lymph node-metastatic gastric cancer: insights from SEER
Bozhi Hu, Yinli Zhang, Yingjiang Ye, Zhidong Gao, Chao Wang
International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2026; 31(7): 1307. CrossRef
Sex and Gender Differences in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
Nerea Escandell Marí, Marta Sánchez-Ric, Marina Velez, Sabela Carballal, Leticia Moreira
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(12): 4788. CrossRef

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Gynecologic cancer

Efficacy of Chemotherapy Following Prior PARP-Inhibitor Treatment in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: Jung Chul Kim, Junsik Park, Yong Jae Lee, Eun Ji Nam, Sang Wun Kim, Sung-Hoon Kim, Young Tae Kim, Se Ik Kim, Jae-Weon Kim, Byoung-Gie Kim, Jung-Yun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):292-299. Published online March 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1202

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Considering the current lack of consensus on post–poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) treatment strategies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of subsequent therapy and compare the outcomes of regimes in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer after PARPi treatment.
Materials and Methods
This multi-center retrospective cohort study analyzed data on patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between January 2012 and June 2023 who had previously used PARPi after first- to fourth-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), which was the interval between recurrence after using PARPi and subsequent recurrence in the case of recurrence.
Results
Of 318 patients, 147/318 (46.2%) recurred after the PARPi maintenance. Patients were categorized into groups based on subsequent therapy except non-treated (11/147, 7.5%): platinum-based chemotherapy (89/147, 60.5%), non-platinum-based chemotherapy (21/147, 14.3%), other treatments (26/147, 17.7%), and the median PFS (mPFS) for each group were 7.3, 4.8, and 11.4 months, respectively. Among the platinum-based chemotherapy group, the gemcitabine+carboplatin regimen demonstrated a longer mPFS (10.1 months) than the other regimens (6.6 months, p=0.019). In non-platinum-based chemotherapy, no statistically significant differences were observed among the regimens. And, in the other therapy group, where the proportion of patients with oligometastasis was as high as 88.5%, no significant differences were observed among the therapies, including other modalities.
Conclusion
In the subsequent chemotherapy of recurrent ovarian cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy and PARPi, the gemcitabine+carboplatin regimen demonstrated a potential to delay recurrence more effectively compared to other therapies.

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Platinum cross-resistance after first-line PARPi maintenance in ovarian cancer: a review and proposed redefinition of platinum resistance
Rong Mei, Liang Song
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

3,748 View
204 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Special Article

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2022: Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Kui Son Choi, Han-Kwang Yang, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):312-330. Published online March 11, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.264

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2022, with international comparisons.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence, survival, and prevalence rates were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (1999-2022), with survival follow-up until December 31, 2023. Mortality data obtained from Statistics Korea, while international comparisons were based on GLOBOCAN data.
Results
In 2022, 282,047 newly diagnosed cancer cases (age-standardized rate [ASR], 287.0 per 100,000) and 83,378 deaths from cancer (ASR, 65.7 per 100,000) were reported. The proportion of localized-stage cancers increased from 45.6% in 2005 to 50.9% in 2022. Stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer showed increased localized-stage diagnoses by 18.1, 18.5, and 9.9 percentage points, respectively. Compared to 2001-2005, the 5-year relative survival (2018-2022) increased by 20.4 percentage points for stomach cancer, 7.6 for colorectal cancer, and 5.6 for breast cancer. Korea had the lowest cancer mortality among countries with similar incidence rates and the lowest mortality-to-incidence (M/I) ratios for these cancers. The 5-year relative survival (2018-2022) was 72.9%, contributing to over 2.59 million prevalent cases in 2022.
Conclusion
Since the launch of the National Cancer Screening Program in 2002, early detection has improved, increasing the diagnosis of localized-stage cancers and survival rates. Korea recorded the lowest M/I ratio among major comparison countries, demonstrating the effectiveness of its National Cancer Control Program.

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Sung-Hyun Hwang, Ji-Won Kim, Haeseong Park, Andrew J. Aguirre, Kui-Jin Kim, Songji Choi, Woochan Park, Jeongmin Seo, Heejung Chae, Minsu Kang, Eun Hee Jung, Koung Jin Suh, Se Hyun Kim, Jin Won Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, Keun-Wook Lee
Gastric Cancer.2025; 28(6): 1144. CrossRef
Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Risk of Gastric Precancerous Lesions Among Korean Adults in a Rural Area
Yewon Cho, Dongkyu Lee, Chang Soo Eun, Dong Soo Han, Hyun Ja Kim
Nutrients.2025; 17(22): 3502. CrossRef
The Influence of Work-Life Balance and Job Embeddedness on Turnover Intention among Nurses Caring for Cancer Patients
Jin-young Park, Yeunhee Kwak, Jiwoo Jung, Seoung-Wha Lim
Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2025; 18(3): 28. CrossRef
Serum Ferritin and Iron-Related Biomarkers in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk by Menopausal Status: A Prospective Cohort Study
Eun Young Kim, Sujeong Shin, Yoosoo Chang, Seungho Ryu
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Prognostic factors in gastric cancer survivors comparing Cox proportional hazards and machine learning using a Korean National cohort
Joonki Lee, Aesun Shin
Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Information Landscape on Cervical Cancer: An Analysis of News and Online Platform Data in the Republic of Korea
Hye-Sun Lee, Gyeong-U Hong, Wonjeong Jeong, Kyounghee Oh, Jae Kwan Jun
Health Communication.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Follow-Up and Strategies After Curative Surgical Resection for Gastric Cancer
Seokin Kang
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2025; 25(4): 336. CrossRef
Targeting Ovarian Neoplasms: Subtypes and Therapeutic Options
Seon Young Hong, Ahyoung Cho, Chang-Suk Chae, Hye Jin You
Medicina.2025; 61(12): 2246. CrossRef
Long-term survival of gastric cancer patients with positive intraoperative frozen section margins: a single-cohort analysis
Chang-In Choi, Jae-Kyun Park, Tae Yong Jeon, Dae-Hwan Kim
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025; 21(3): 130. CrossRef
Utilizing Directed Acyclic Graphs in the Study of Digestive Cancers
Myeongjee Lee
Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2025; 13(3): 251. CrossRef
Current evidence and therapeutic strategies in immunotherapy for esophageal cancer: a narrative review
Kabsoo Shin
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2025; 68(12): 790. CrossRef
Fraction of cancer incidence and mortality attributable to dietary factors in Korea from 2015 to 2030
Hyun Jeong Cho, Jin Young Yoo, Ga-Eun Yie, An Na Kim, Soseul Sung, Sungji Moon, Youjin Hong, Sangjun Lee, Inah Kim, Kwang-Pil Ko, Sun-Seog Kweon, Jung Eun Lee, Sue K. Park
Epidemiology and Health.2025; 47: e2025065. CrossRef
Kidney Failure–Related Mortality in Patients with Cancer: Insights from the Cancer Public Library Database in South Korea
Chang Seong Kim, Sang Heon Suh, Hong Sang Choi, Eun Hui Bae, Seong Kwon Ma, Jin Hyung Jung, Bongseong Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Soo Wan Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Silence of Transmembrane Channel-Like 5 Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion While Promoting Apoptosis Via Deactivating the AKT Pathway in Breast Cancer
Jinnan Wan, Yang Li, Zhimin Liu
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Skeletal Muscle Index to Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio: A Novel Prognostic Indicator for Patients with Stage I-III Colorectal Cancer
Jiahn Choi, Jeonghyun Kang
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Covert Promotional Cancer-Related Content in Korean Search Engines: Computational Content Analysis of Naver and Google (Preprint)
Kyung Han You, Ho Young Yoon, Dalyong Kim, Joo Han Lim, Wonyoung Choi, Hyun Woo Lee, Sang-Cheol Lee
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

Validating the Korean Geriatric Assessment Tool in Elderly Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Multicenter Study: Ji Yun Lee, Sang-A Kim, Youngil Koh, Ho-Young Yhim, Gyeong-Won Lee, Chang-Ki Min, Young Rok Do, Hyo Jung Kim, Sung Hwa Bae, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Sung-Hoon Jung, Hyunkyung Park, Seung-Hyun Nam, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung-Hyun Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Young Seob Park, Soo-Mee Bang; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):311-319. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.066

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study evaluates the Korean Cancer Study Group Geriatric Score-7 (KG-7) frailty screening tool’s effectiveness in elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients to prevent under and overtreatment.
Materials and Methods
This prospective pilot cohort study included 100 elderly patients aged 70 and older with newly diagnosed MM who had not undergone transplantation from August 2020 to January 2022.
Results
The median age was 77 years, and 73.0% of patients were classified at International Staging System stages 2 or 3. Using a 5-point cutoff on the KG-7 index (non-frail, score ≥ 5; frail, score < 5), 31% were categorized as frail. After a median follow-up of 26.8 months, the 3-year overall survival rate was 73.0%. There was no statistically significant association between any frailty index and the risk of death. However, frail patients defined by the simplified frailty index (hazard ratio [HR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 5.95; p=0.030) and by KG-7 (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.03 to 5.86; p=0.043) had a significantly higher risk of grade 3-4 non-hematologic toxicity, whereas the International Myeloma Working Group definition did not. Over a 24-month tracking period, vulnerability as measured by KG-7 either improved or deteriorated.
Conclusion
The pilot study, which had a limited number of participants, did not demonstrate KG-7’s effectiveness in predicting survival; however, it successfully predicted severe non-hematologic toxicities. We plan to conduct larger studies in elderly MM patients to determine whether KG-7 can help tailor their treatment regimens.

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Advances in the application of frailty scoring in the diagnosis and management of elderly patients with multiple myeloma (Review)
Junlun Liu, Danyu Li, Chao Li, Zhuoren Chen
Oncology Reports.2026; 55(5): 1. CrossRef

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General

Association between Tumor Size at the Time of Disease Progression and Survival Outcomes: Chi Hoon Maeng, Bum Jun Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, In Sil Choi, Dae Young Zang, Bo-Hyung Kim, Minji Kwon, Dae Seog Heo, Bhumsuk Keam; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):362-368. Published online October 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.690

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study evaluates the prognostic significance of tumor size at disease progression (PD) and depth of response (DOR) in cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
We performed post hoc analysis using data from six prospective clinical trials conducted by the Korean Cancer Study Group. Patients with tumor size at PD was categorized into ‘Mild PD’ and ‘Significant PD’ based on the cutoff values of relative change from baseline using maximally selected rank statistics. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between PD and DOR categories.
Results
Among the 194 evaluable patients, 130 experienced PD. A 35.48% decrease from baseline in tumor size at PD was chosen for the cutoff between mild and significant PD for OS (mild PD: tumor size from the baseline ≤ −35.48%; significant PD > −35.48%). The mild PD had superior OS compared to the significant PD (25.8 vs. 12.8 months; Hazard ratio [HR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.266-0.843, p=0.009). When using an exploratory cutoff based on whether the tumor size was below vs. exceeded from the baseline (mild PD: tumor size from the baseline ≤ 0%; significant PD > 0%), OS remained significantly longer in the mild PD (17.1 vs. 11.8 months; HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.392-0.932, p=0.021). The greatest DOR was associated with the longest OS and PFS (p<0.001 for both).
Conclusion
Tumor size at PD and DOR were significant prognostic factors for progressive disease. Maintaining a sufficiently reduced tumor size even during PD was associated with better survival outcomes.

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Baseline tumor burden and outcomes in patients with rare cancers treated with immunotherapy (Southwest Oncology Group trial S1609)
Paul L. Swiecicki, Megan Othus, Sandip P. Patel, Young Kwang‐Chae, Razelle Kurzrock
Cancer.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Pathology features of recurrent meningioma
V.V. Ushanov, Yu.M. Zabrodskaya, A.Yu. Ulitin, D.A. Sitovskaya, A.S. Sharova, A.A. Paltsev, A.V. Vasilenko, K.K. Kukanov
Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology.2025; 87(5): 28. CrossRef

6,092 View
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2 Crossref

Gastrointestinal cancer

Presence of RB1 or Absence of LRP1B Mutation Predicts Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma: In Hye Song, Bokyung Ahn, Young Soo Park, Deok Hoon Kim, Seung-Mo Hong; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):492-506. Published online September 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.667

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the stomach are extremely rare, but fatal. However, our understanding of the genetic alterations in gastric NECs is limited. We aimed to evaluate genomic and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric NECs and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs).
Materials and Methods
Fourteen gastric NECs, three gastric MANECs, and 1,381 gastric adenocarcinomas were retrieved from the departmental next-generation sequencing database between 2017 and 2022. Clinicopathological parameters and next-generation sequencing test results were retrospectively collected and reviewed.
Results
Gastric NECs and MANECs frequently harbored alterations of TP53, RB1, SMARCA4, RICTOR, APC, TOP1, SLX4, EGFR, BRCA2, and TERT. In contrast, gastric adenocarcinomas exhibited alterations of TP53, CDH1, LRP1B, ARID1A, ERBB2, GNAS, CCNE1, NOTCH, and MYC. Mutations of AKT3, RB1, and SLX4; amplification of BRCA2 and RICTOR; and deletion of ADAMTS18, DDX11, KLRC3, KRAS, MAX, NFKBIA, NUDT7, and RB1 were significantly more frequent in gastric NECs and MANECs than in gastric adenocarcinomas. The presence of LRP1B mutation was significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS), whereas RB1 mutation and advanced TNM stage were associated with shorter OS.
Conclusion
We identified frequently mutated genes and potential predictors of survival in patients with gastric NECs and MANECs.

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Malignant Hepatocellular Neoplasm, Not Otherwise Specified, Displays Poorer Chemoresponsiveness and Postoperative Prognosis Than Hepatoblastoma
In Hye Song, Sujin Gang, Hee Mang Yoon, Pyeong Hwa Kim, Bokyung Ahn, Jihun Kim, Deok Hoon Kim, Jung-Man Namgoong, Kyung-Nam Koh
Cancer Research and Treatment.2026; 58(2): 642. CrossRef
Intraductal Papillary Squamous Neoplasm (IPSN) of the Pancreas: Histological and Molecular Characterization of a Novel and Distinct Intraductal Cancer Precursor
Michele Bevere, Antonio Pea, Volkan Adsay, Olca Basturk, Lodewijk A. Brosens, Irene Esposito, Ralph H. Hruban, David Klimstra, Seung-Mo Hong, Aatur D. Singhi, Seung Soo Lee, Paola Mattiolo, Davide Pasini, Andrea Mafficini, Paola Piccoli, Serena Pedron, Ca
Modern Pathology.2026; 39(7): 101011. CrossRef
Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder: a case report and literature review
Zhenghui Sui, Wei Wang, De Zhang, Yifan Sun, Jiajing Li, Xingwei Gu, Ganggang Miao
Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach and non-hepatoid alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer exhibit a high degree of molecular similarity
Liqiao Chen, Xuesong Yang, Peiyu Zhu, Han Bao, Yan Wu, Ke Ji, Ji Zhang, Xiaojiang Wu, Kai Zhou, Jieli Xu, Jiatian Tang, Anqiang Wang, Zhaode Bu
Cellular Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

5,477 View
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3 Web of Science
4 Crossref

CNS cancer

Association between Levetiracetam Use and Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma: A Nationwide Population-Based Study: Yeonhu Lee, Eunyoung Lee, Tae Hoon Roh, Se-Hyuk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):369-377. Published online September 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.355

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate whether levetiracetam (LEV), the most used antiepileptic drug, influences survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), using a national database.
Materials and Methods
This study used data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Patients diagnosed with GBM between 2007-2018 treated with standard therapy were included. The study population was divided into long-term (≥ 60 days) and short-term (< 30 days) LEV groups. A separate long-term valproic acid (VPA) group (≥ 60 days) was identified for comparison. Demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment parameters were collected. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to compare survival outcomes between the groups.
Results
Overall, 2,971 patients were included, with 1,319 and 1,652 in the short-term and long-term LEV groups, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) for the entire population was 19.15 months post-surgery. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly longer median OS in the long-term LEV group versus the short-term LEV group. After adjusting for confounders, Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed an association of long-term LEV use with improved survival, which was also observed in a subgroup analysis of patients without preoperative seizure history. The long-term LEV group demonstrated longer median OS, compared with the long-term VPA group.
Conclusion
Our nationwide population-based study found an association between long-term LEV use and improved survival in patients with GBM, regardless of preoperative seizure history. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and investigate the potential impact of LEV on the survival outcomes of patients with GBM.

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Postoperative Seizure Prophylaxis in Intracranial Tumors: Evaluating the Role of Anti-Seizure Medication in Seizure-Naïve Patients
Nitish Seenarine, Samuel Latzman, Laura Mittelman, Vadim Zhigin, Emily Hirowski, Shoaib Syed, Heustein Sy, Randy S. D’Amico
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

5,215 View
151 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Lung and Thoracic cancer

Association of Shorter Time to Recurrence and Recurrence-Free Survival with Transthoracic Lung Biopsy in Stage I Lung Cancer: Kum Ju Chae, Hyunsook Hong, Hyungin Park, Soon Ho Yoon; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):387-400. Published online September 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.560

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We aim to determine whether preoperative percutaneous needle aspiration or biopsy (PCNA/Bx) increases recurrence risk and reduces survival in stage I lung cancer patients, using a nationwide lung cancer registry.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively included 3,452 patients diagnosed with stage I lung cancer who underwent curative surgery between 2014 and 2019, as recorded in the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry. To balance the characteristics of patients with and without PCNA/Bx, we applied inverse probability of treatment weighting. We used cumulative incidence plots and a weighted subdistribution hazard model to analyze time to recurrence. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and weighted Cox proportional hazard ratio models.
Results
In patients with adenocarcinoma, the use of PCNA/Bx was associated with a 1.9-fold increase (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 2.4) in the risk of recurrence and a 1.7-fold decrease (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.2) in recurrence-free survival. Subgroup analysis based on pathologic pleural invasion revealed that the risk of recurrence increased when PCNA/Bx was performed, with 2.1-fold (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.8) in patients without pleural invasion and 1.6-fold (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.4) in those with pleural invasion. No association was found between the use of PCNA/Bx and overall survival.
Conclusion
Preoperative PCNA/Bx was associated with increased recurrence risks in stage I adenocarcinoma, regardless of pathologic pleural invasion status. In early lung cancer cases where adenocarcinoma is strongly suspected and curative surgery is feasible, the use of transthoracic biopsy should be approached with caution.

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Balancing diagnostic approach and oncologic risk in surgically resected lung cancer: propensity-matched analysis of intraoperative versus percutaneous biopsy by tumor location and morphology
Younggi Jung, Eunjue Yi, Sung Ho Hwang, Sungho Lee, Jae Ho Chung
International Journal of Surgery.2026; 112(7): 13168. CrossRef
Maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) is associated with pathologically upstaged and recurrence-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer after curative surgery
Chi-Yung Li, Ping-Chung Tsai, Chin Hu, Kai-Yun Hsueh, Yen-Chiang Tseng, Fu-Zong Wu, En-Kuei Tang
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Recurrence Risk Following Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Biopsy in Patients Undergoing Sublobar Resection for Stage I Lung Cancer
Yura Ahn, Geun Dong Lee, SeHoon Choi, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Yong-Hee Kim, Dong Kwan Kim, Seung-Il Park, Kyung-Hyun Do, Joon Beom Seo, Jae Kwang Yun, Sang Min Lee
Radiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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3 Crossref

General

The Survival and Financial Benefit of Investigator-Initiated Trials Conducted by Korean Cancer Study Group: Bum Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Bhumsuk Keam, Young-Hyuck Im, Jungsil Ro, Kyung Hae Jung, Seock-Ah Im, Tae Won Kim, Jae Lyun Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Sang-We Kim, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn, Byoung Chul Cho, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Yoon-Koo Kang, Jae Yong Cho, Hwan Jung Yun, Byung-Ho Nam, Dae Young Zang; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):39-46. Published online July 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.421

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) is a nationwide cancer clinical trial group dedicated to advancing investigator-initiated trials (IITs) by conducting and supporting clinical trials. This study aims to review IITs conducted by KCSG and quantitatively evaluate the survival and financial benefits of IITs for patients.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed IITs conducted by KCSG from 1998 to 2023, analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) gains for participants. PFS and OS benefits were calculated as the difference in median survival times between the intervention and control groups, multiplied by the number of patients in the intervention group. Financial benefits were assessed based on the cost of investigational products provided.
Results
From 1998 to 2023, KCSG conducted 310 IITs, with 133 completed and published. Of these, 21 were included in the survival analysis. The analysis revealed that 1,951 patients in the intervention groups gained a total of 2,558.4 months (213.2 years) of PFS and 2,501.6 months (208.5 years) of OS, with median gains of 1.31 months in PFS and 1.58 months in OS per patient. When analyzing only statistically significant results, PFS and OS gain per patients was 1.69 months and 3.02 months, respectively. Investigational drug cost analysis from six available IITs indicated that investigational products provided to 252 patients were valued at 10,400,077,294 won (approximately 8,046,481 US dollars), averaging about 41,270,148 won (approximately 31,930 US dollars) per patient.
Conclusion
Our findings, based on analysis of published research, suggest that IITs conducted by KCSG led to survival benefits for participants and, in some studies, may have provided financial benefits by providing investment drugs.

5,976 View
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Pediatric cancer

The Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on Treatment Outcome in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Hee Young Ju, Na Hee Lee, Eun Sang Yi, Young Bae Choi, So Jin Kim, Ju Kyung Hyun, Hee Won Cho, Jae Kyung Lee, Ji Won Lee, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo, Keon Hee Yoo; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):240-249. Published online July 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.155

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been an important method of treatment in the advance of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The indications for HSCT are evolving and require updated establishment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of HSCT on the treatment outcome of pediatric ALL, considering the indications for HSCT and subgroups.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on ALL patients diagnosed and treated at a single center. Risk groups were categorized based on age at diagnosis, initial white blood cell count, disease lineage (B/T), and cytogenetic study results. Data on the patients’ disease status at HSCT and indications of HSCT were collected. Indications for HSCT were categorized as upfront HSCT at 1st complete remission, relapse, and refractory disease.
Results
Among the 549 screened patients, a total of 418 patients were included in the study; B-cell ALL (n=379) and T-cell ALL (T-ALL) (n=39). HSCT was conducted on a total of 106 patients (25.4%), with a higher frequency as upfront HSCT in higher-risk groups and specific cytogenetics. The overall survival (OS) was significantly better when done upfront than in relapsed or refractory state in T-ALL patients (p=0.002). The KMT2A-rearranged ALL patients showed superior event-free survival (p=0.002) and OS (p=0.022) when HSCT was done as upfront treatment.
Conclusion
HSCT had a substantial positive effect in a specific subset of pediatric ALL. In particular, frontline HSCT for T-ALL and KMT2A-rearranged ALL offered a better prognosis than when HSCT was conducted in a relapsed or refractory setting.

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208 Download

Breast cancer

Endoxifen Concentration Is Associated with Recurrence-Free Survival in Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer Patients: Beomki Lee, Seok Jin Nam, Seok Won Kim, Jonghan Yu, Byung-Joo Chae, Se Kyung Lee, Jai Min Ryu, Jeong Eon Lee, Soo-Youn Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):140-149. Published online June 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1285

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The metabolism of tamoxifen is influenced by various cytochrome p450 enzymes, including CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, leading to variations in the levels of endoxifen, even with the same tamoxifen dose. However, the clinical significance of endoxifen for the prognosis of breast cancer patients remains controversial. This study aimed to elucidate the relevance of endoxifen level to recurrence-free survival censored with tamoxifen discontinuation (RFSt), representing the RFS for tamoxifen itself, of breast cancer patients and determine a suitable cutoff for prognostication.
Materials and Methods
The study included 478 breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen and its metabolites, including endoxifen, were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An optimal cutoff was determined with maximally selected rank statistics. Survival analysis and Cox regression were conducted based on this cutoff.
Results
An endoxifen level of 21.00 ng/mL was the optimal cutoff for prognostication. Survival analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in RFSt between the low endoxifen group (≤ 21.00 ng/mL) and the high endoxifen group (> 21.00 ng/mL) (log-rank test, p=0.032). The 10-year probability of RFSt was 83.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.0 to 89.9) and 88.3% (95% CI, 83.3 to 93.5) in the low and high endoxifen groups, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression indicated endoxifen concentration as a significant factor associated with prognosis.
Conclusion
Endoxifen could serve as a marker for appropriate tamoxifen treatment with a cutoff of 21.00 ng/mL. Based on this cutoff, therapeutic drug monitoring would benefit patients displaying suboptimal endoxifen concentrations.

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Resolving CYP2D6 Structural Complexity with Long‐Read Sequencing: Implications for Tamoxifen Precision Dosing in Thai Breast Cancer Patients
Usa Boonyuen, Sirinyatorn Talukam, Beatriz Aira C. Jacob, Wayu Matphong, Kamonwan Chamchoy, Onrapak Reamtong, Nuntana Meesiripan, Junya Yamagishi, Matthew Phanchana, Chayanoot Rattadilok
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2026; 120(3): 774. CrossRef

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202 Download
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1 Crossref

Gastrointestinal cancer

Distinct Characteristics and Changes in Liver Function of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab for More Than 1 Year: Youngun Kim, Jung Sun Kim, Beodeul Kang, Ilhwan Kim, Hyeyeong Kim, Won Suk Lee, Yun Beom Sang, Sanghoon Jung, Chansik An, Chan Kim, Hong Jae Chon; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1231-1239. Published online May 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.237

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Since 2020, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Ate/Bev) has been the standard first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but long-term treatment studies are limited. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and effects of Ate/Bev for over 1 year.
Materials and Methods
This study included patients with unresectable HCC treated with first-line Ate/Bev between May 2020 and April 2022. Those receiving Ate/Bev for 1 year or more were classified as the long-term treatment group.
Results
Of 246 patients, 69 (28.0%) were in the long-term treatment group, which comprised more proportions of intrahepatic tumor burden < 25%, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0, and a lower proportion of portal vein tumor thrombosis than the short-term treatment group. The long-term treatment group had a higher incidence of atezolizumab-related thyroid dysfunction (31.9% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001; median time to onset [mTTO], 2.8 months), dermatologic toxicity (29.0% vs. 14.7%, p=0.017; mTTO, 3.3 months), bevacizumab-related hypertension (44.9% vs. 22.0%, p=0.001; mTTO, 4.2 months), and proteinuria (69.6% vs. 38.4%, p < 0.001; mTTO, 6.8 months), compared to the short-term treatment group. Regarding liver function in the long-term treatment group, patients initially classified as Child-Pugh class A decreased from 87.0% to 75.4%, and albumin-bilirubin grade 1 decreased from 68.1% to 50.7% after 1 year of treatment.
Conclusion
The Ate/Bev long-term treatment group had a lower intrahepatic tumor burden, less portal vein tumor thrombosis, and better performance status and liver function at baseline. Atezolizumab-related immunological adverse events emerged relatively early in treatment compared to the bevacizumab-related. Additionally, some patients demonstrated liver function deterioration during long-term Ate/Bev treatment.

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The Low Platelet Count at the Start of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Predicts Deteriorated Liver Function at the Time of Disease Progression Thereafter: A Multicenter Analysis
Ryo Sato, Takanori Suzuki, Kentaro Matsuura, Daisuke Kato, Katsumi Hayashi, Kohei Okayama, Fumihiro Okumura, Satoshi Sobue, Atsunori Kusakabe, Izumi Hasegawa, Kiyoto Narita, Tsutomu Mizoshita, Yoshihide Kimura, Hiromu Kondo, Hisayo Kojima, Kazuki Hayashi,
Hepatology Research.2026; 56(4): 573. CrossRef
Outcomes of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab After Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced HCC: An International Multicentre Study
Jung Sun Kim, Jeffrey Wong, San‐Chi Chen, David Tai, Hannah Yang, Youngun Kim, Beodeul Kang, Ilhwan Kim, Hyeyeong Kim, Chansik An, Su Jin Jang, Masatoshi Kudo, Ho Yeong Lim, Chan Kim, Thomas Yau, Hong Jae Chon
Liver International.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Integrative multi-omics profiling identifies infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma as an immunotherapy-resistant subtype with distinct molecular features
Won Suk Lee, Seonjeong Woo, Sung Hwan Lee, Gae Hoon Jo, Ilhwan Kim, Hyeyeong Kim, Chansik An, Sanghoon Jung, Gwangil Kim, Haeyoun Kang, Beodeul Kang, Jung Sun Kim, Ho Yeong Lim, Incheon Kang, Hannah Yang, So Jung Kong, Dahyeon Son, Dong Jun Shin, Woo Youn
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): 258. CrossRef
Durable Disease Control With Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab but Limited Post‐Progression Outcomes: A Multicenter Real‐World Study in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Masanori Inoue, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Kazuhisa Asahara, Rui Sato, Shunji Watanabe, Haruka Anzai, Kazuo Tsubura, Taro Watabe, Makoto Fujiya, Teppei Akatsuka, Ryo Izai, Keiichi Katayama, Midori Sawada, Takahiro Tsuchiya, Chihiro Miwa, Ryohei Yoshino, Takuya Y
Cancer Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with and without High-Risk Features: An International Multicenter Study
Jung Sun Kim, San-Chi Chen, Jeffrey Sum Lung Wong, Beodeul Kang, Ho Yeong Lim, Ilhwan Kim, Hyeyeong Kim, Chansik An, Su Jin Jang, Masatoshi Kudo, David Tai, Chan Kim, Thomas Yau, Hong Jae Chon
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Special Article

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2021: Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):357-371. Published online March 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.253

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2021.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2021, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2022. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
The number of new cancer diagnoses in 2021 increased by 27,002 cases (10.8%) compared to 2020. In 2021, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 277,523 (age-standardized rate [ASR], 289.3 per 100,000) and 82,688 (ASR, 67.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.3% from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by non-significant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.8% from 2002 to 2013; 3.2% from 2013 to 2021). The 5-year relative survival between 2017 and 2021 was 72.1%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2.4 million in 2021.
Conclusion
In 2021, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients increased as healthcare utilization recovered from the coronavirus disease 2019–related declines of 2020. Revised cancer registration guidelines expanded the registration scope, particularly for stomach and colorectal cancer. Survival rates have improved over the years, leading to a growing population of cancer survivors, necessitating a comprehensive cancer control strategy. The long-term impact of the pandemic on cancer statistics requires future investigation.

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Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

Nation-Wide Retrospective Analysis of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Study from Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMM1913): Ho-Jin Shin, Do-Young Kim, Kihyun Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Je-Jung Lee, Yeung-Chul Mun, Won-Sik Lee, Sung-Nam Lim, Jin Seok Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Da Jung Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Jong-Ho Won, Jae-Cheol Jo, Young Il Koh; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):956-966. Published online March 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.074

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment remains controversial. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, nationwide study in Korea to evaluate the outcomes of alloSCT in Asian patients with MM.
Materials and Methods
Overall, 109 patients with MM who underwent alloSCT between 2003 and 2020 were included in this study. Data were collected from the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party Registry.
Results
The overall response rate and stringent complete response plus complete response (CR) rates were 67.0 and 46.8%, respectively, after alloSCT. At a median follow-up of 32.5 months, the 3-year probability of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 69.3% and 71.8%, respectively. The 3-year probabilities of OS rates in the upfront alloSCT, tandem auto-alloSCT, and later alloSCT groups were 75.0%, 88.9%, and 61.1%, respectively. Patients who achieved CR before or after alloSCT had significantly longer OS (89.8 vs. 18 months and 89.8 vs. 15.2 months, respectively). Even though patients who did not achieve CR prior to alloSCT, those who achieve CR after alloSCT had improved PFS and OS compared to those who had no achievement of CR both prior and after alloSCT. Patients who underwent alloSCT with 1-2 prior treatment lines had improved PFS (22.4 vs. 4.5 months) and OS (45.6 vs. 15.3 months) compared to those with three or more prior treatment lines.
Conclusion
AlloSCT may be a promising therapeutic option especially for younger, chemosensitive patients with earlier implementation from relapse.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in lymphoid malignancy
Hyungsoon Kim, Haerim Chung, Hye Won Kook, Soo-Jeong Kim, Yu Ri Kim, Hyunsoo Cho, June-Won Cheong
Blood Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Pediatric cancer

The Role of Early and Delayed Surgery for Infants with Congenital Brain Tumors: Jong Seok Lee, Ji Yeoun Lee, Kyung Hyun Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Eun Jung Koh, Seung-Ki Kim, Ji Hoon Phi; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):909-919. Published online December 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1174

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The present study aimed to evaluate the role of early and delayed surgery in congenital brain tumors and analyze the clinical outcomes of infantile brain tumors.
Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study on 69 infantile brain tumors at a single institution from January 2008 to June 2023. Outcomes were assessed as early mortality (within 30 days following surgery) to evaluate the risk of early surgery in congenital brain tumors. Outcomes of recurrence and overall survival were analyzed in infantile brain tumors.
Results
Surgery-related early mortality appeared to occur in young and low-body-weight patients. Cut-off values of age and body weight were found to be 1.3 months and 5.2 kg to avoid early mortality. Three patients (3/10, 30%) showed early mortality in the early surgery group, and early mortality occurred in one patient (1/14, 7.14%) in the delayed surgery group, whose tumor was excessively enlarged. Younger age at diagnosis (< 3 months of age; hazard ratios [HR], 7.1; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.4 to 35.6; p=0.018) and leptomeningeal seeding (LMS; HR, 30.6; 95% CI, 3.7 to 253.1; p=0.002) were significant independent risk factors for high mortality in infantile brain tumors.
Conclusion
We suggest delaying surgery until the patient reaches 1.3 months of age and weighs over 5.2 kg with short-term imaging follow-up unless tumors grow rapidly in congenital brain tumors. Younger ages and the presence of LMS are independent risk factors for high mortality in infantile brain tumors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Supratentorial Brain Tumors in Infants: Symptomatology, Management, and Postoperative Outcomes
Ryszard Sordyl, Natalia Wyroba, Natalia Kardas, Lukasz Antkowiak, Jakub Rudzki, Joanna Sordyl, Agnieszka Mizia-Malarz, Marek Mandera
World Neurosurgery.2026; 209: 124913. CrossRef
Exploring neonatal brain tumors: a narrative review about epidemiology, classification, and management
Mira Al Shoufy, Gabi Kafa, Bana Ibrahim, Hazem Ibrahem, Aya Dakour, Ali Haidar, Zuheir Alshehabi
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2025; 87(5): 2838. CrossRef

6,167 View
114 Download
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Gastrointestinal cancer

NESC Multicenter Phase II Trial in the Preoperative Treatment of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Chemotherapy (Docetaxel-Cisplatin-5FU+Lenograstim) Followed by Chemoradiation Based 5FU and Oxaliplatin and Surgery: Laurent Mineur, Frederi Plat, Françoise Desseigne, Gael Deplanque, Mohamed Belkacemi, Laurence Moureau-Zabotto, Carlos D. Beyrne, Khadija Jalali, Stéphane Obled, Denis Smith, Léa Vazquez, Rania Boustany; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):580-589. Published online October 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.812

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) is expected to increase the rate of curative resection and complete histological response. In this trial, we investigated the efficacy of a neoadjuvant CRT regimen in gastric adenocarcinoma (NCT01565109 trial).
Materials and Methods
Patients with stage IB to IIIC gastric adenocarcinoma, endoscopy ultrasound and computed tomography–scan diagnosed, were eligible for this phase II trial. Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of 2 cycles of chemotherapy with DCF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil [5FU]) followed by preoperative CRT with oxaliplatin, continuous 5FU and radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions per week for 5 weeks) administered before surgery. R0-resection rate, pathological complete response (pathCR) rate, and survival (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) were evaluated as primary endpoints.
Results
Among 33 patients included, 32 patients (97%) received CRT and 26 (78.8%) were resected (R0 resection for all patients resected). Among resected patients, we report pathCR in 23,1% and pathologic major response (tumor regression grade 2 according to Mandard’s classification) in 26,9%. With a median follow-up duration of 5.82 years (range, 0.4 to 9.24 years), the estimated median OS for all 33 patients was not reached; 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 85%, 61%, and 52%, respectively. Among resected patients, those whose histological response was tumor grade regression (TRG) 1-2 had significantly better OS and PFS rates than those with a TRG 3-4-5 response (p=0.019 and p=0.016, respectively).
Conclusion
Promising results from trials involving preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery in gastric cancer need to be further evaluated in a phase III trial.

Citations

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