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Original Articles
Association of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines with Gastric Cancer Risk: A Case-Cohort Study
Seungju Baek, Eunjung Park, Eun Young Park
Received July 29, 2024  Accepted November 18, 2024  Published online November 19, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.718    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the association between inflammatory cytokines and the risk of gastric cancer (GC).
Materials and Methods
We conducted a case-cohort study using Korean National Cancer Center Community (KNCCC) cohort data to investigate the associations between pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and GC risk in the Korean general population (GC cases: n=159, subcohort: n=822). Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using Quantikine® ELISA and analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.
Results
Compared to those with the lowest serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, the risk of GC significantly increased in the second (HR: 3.48 [1.73-6.99]), third (HR: 3.74 [1.91-7.29], and fourth quartiles (HR: 3.79 [1.93-7.48]). Elevated levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (HR: 1.57 [1.12-2.21]) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (HR: 2.49 [1.73-3.58]) were also associated with an increased risk of GC.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate associations between pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) and the risk of GC, suggesting that regulating these cytokine levels may aid in GC prevention.
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Effectiveness and Safety of Regorafenib and TAS-102 in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan
Ya-Wen Chang, Chun-Nan Kuo, Chia-Lun Chang, Jason C. Hsu, Yu Ko
Received April 16, 2024  Accepted November 16, 2024  Published online November 18, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.376    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the real-world effectiveness and safety of regorafenib and trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients in Taiwan.
Materials and Methods
Data were extracted from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to evaluate the clinical outcomes of mCRC patients treated with either regorafenib or TAS-102 between 2016 and 2019. Overall survival (OS) was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox’s proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, gender, Quan-CCI score, liver metastases, number of metastatic sites, and the use of anti-EGFR medications. Additionally, OS was compared between regorafenib monotherapy and TAS-102 monotherapy, excluding patients who had received both regorafenib and TAS-102.
Results
A total of 2,608 patients in the regorafenib group and 521 patients in the TAS-102 group were identified. The median OS was 6.5 months for regorafenib and 7.5 months for TAS-102, with a significant difference observed (p=0.001). The mean duration of treatment was similar for regorafenib and TAS-102 (108 days vs. 101 days) with no significant difference. The safety profiles of the two drugs were distinct; a higher proportion of patients in the regorafenib group had hypertension and hand-foot skin reaction while nausea and vomiting were more common in the TAS-102 group. In the subgroup analysis, patients receiving TAS-102 monotherapy showed significantly longer OS than those receiving regorafenib monotherapy.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicated that TAS-102 had superior survival outcomes compared to regorafenib in mCRC patients. This study provides insights into the effectiveness and safety profiles of regorafenib and TAS-102 in Taiwan.
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Genitourinary cancer
Physical Activity and Bladder Cancer Risk: Findings of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study
Hang An, Keyang Liu, Kokoro Shirai, Ryo Kawasaki, Akiko Tamakoshi, Hiroyasu Iso
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):616-623.   Published online October 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.962
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The association of physical activity with the risk of bladder cancer remains inconsistent among Asian populations. We aimed to examine the association in a large Japanese cohort.
Materials and Methods
In a population-based prospective cohort study, a total of 50,374 Japanese adults aged 40-79 years without a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease who had information on physical activity from self-administrated questionnaires were used for analysis. We performed Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident bladder cancer after adjusting for several potential confounders.
Results
During the median 17.5 years of follow-up, 153 incident bladder cancers (116 men and 37 women) were identified. After the multivariable adjustment, HRs (95% CI) of bladder cancer concerning those with recreational sports participation of 1-2 hr/wk, 3-4 hr/wk, and 5 hr/wk and more were 0.67 (0.38-1.20), 0.79 (0.36-1.74), and 0.28 (0.09-0.89), respectively (p for trend=0.017). Compared with mostly sitting at the workplace, occupational physical activity of standing and walking were associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer (HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.85]). Hours of daily walking were not associated with the risk. The lower risk of bladder cancer was more evident for recreational sports (HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.10 to 1.00]), and for occupational standing and walking activity at work (HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.98]) among men.
Conclusion
Recreational sports participation and occupational physical activity were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer among Japanese, especially in men.
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Breast cancer
Impact of Social Support during Diagnosis and Treatment on Disease Progression in Young Patients with Breast Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study
Danbee Kang, Seri Park, Hyo Jung Kim, Seok Won Kim, Jeong Eon Lee, Jonghan Yu, Se Kyung Lee, Ji-Yeon Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Juhee Cho, Yeon Hee Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):125-133.   Published online September 4, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.673
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
We evaluated the association between changes in social support after cancer treatment and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in such patients using a prospective cohort study.
Materials and Methods
Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study (NCT03131089) conducted at Samsung Medical Center (2013-2021). The primary outcome measure was RFS. Social support was measured using the social and family well-being (SFWB) domain of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General. We calculated the changes in SFWB scores before and during treatment and the hazard ratio for RFS by comparing such changes.
Results
The mean±standard deviation (SD) age of the patients was 35±3.9 years, and 71.5% and 64.8% of the patients were married and had children, respectively. The mean±SD SFWB score at baseline was 20.5±5.0 out of 26. After cancer treatment, 35.9%, 10.3%, and 53.8% of the participants had increasing, unchanged, and decreasing SFWB scores, respectively. The decreasing SFWB score group had a higher risk of mortality or recurrence than the increasing group. Risk factors for the decreasing score were the presence of children during diagnosis.
Conclusion
In this cohort, changes in social support after treatment were associated with RFS in young patients with breast cancer. Health professionals should develop family interventions to help them receive proper social support.
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Association between Metabolically Healthy Status and Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Haozhe Cui, Fei Tian, Yongliang Chen, Xiangming Ma
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):238-246.   Published online August 2, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.539
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Although obesity is associated with numerous diseases, the risks of disease may depend on metabolically healthy status. Nevertheless, it is unclear to whether metabolically healthy status affects risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer in general Chinese population.
Materials and Methods
A total of 114,995 participants who met the criteria were included from the Kailuan Study. The study participants were divided into four groups according to body mass index (BMI)/waist circumference (WC) and metabolic status. Incident of GI cancer (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, biliary cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer) during 2006-2020 were confirmed by review of medical records. The Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the association metabolically healthy status with the risk of GI cancer by calculating the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
During a mean 13.76 years of follow-up, we documented 2,311 GI cancers. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the metabolically healthy normal-weight group, metabolically healthy obese (MHO) participants demonstrated an increased risk of developing GI cancer (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.13) by BMI categories. However, such associations were not found for WC category. These associations were moderated by age, sex, and anatomical site of the tumor. Individuals with metabolic unhealthy normal-weight or metabolic unhealthy obesity phenotype also have an increased risk of GI cancer.
Conclusion
MHO phenotype was associated with increased risk of GI cancer. Moreover, individuals who complicated by metabolic unhealthy status have an increased risk of developing GI cancer. Hence, clinicians should consider the risk of incident GI cancer in people with abnormal metabolically healthy status and counsel them about metabolic fitness and weight control.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association between transitions in metabolic health and colorectal cancer across categories of body size phenotype: a prospective cohort study
    Qian Liu, Fei Si, Yuntao Wu, Jing Yu
    Obesity.2024; 32(10): 1948.     CrossRef
  • Gastric Cancer - Epidemiology, Modifiable and Non-modifiable Risk Factors, Challenges and Opportunities: An Updated Review
    Tajul Islam Mamun, Sabrina Younus, Md. Hashibur Rahman
    Cancer Treatment and Research Communications.2024; : 100845.     CrossRef
  • 3,046 View
  • 170 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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Descriptive Analysis of Gastric Cancer Mortality in Korea, 2000-2020
Tung Hoang, Hyeongtaek Woo, Sooyoung Cho, Jeeyoo Lee, Sayada Zartasha Kazmi, Aesun Shin
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):603-617.   Published online September 6, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.307
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to examine secular trends, age-period-cohort effects, and geographical differences in gastric cancer (GC) mortality in Korea.
Materials and Methods
Using cause of death data from the Korean Statistical Information Service for GC from 2000 to 2020, we calculated average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in the age-standardized mortality of GC in 17 cities and provinces through joinpoint regression. Decomposition of age, period, and cohort effects on GC mortality were elucidated by applying a log-linear model and an intrinsic estimate method. Spatial patterns and the degree of spatial clustering in 250 administrative regions were explored via Moran’s I statistics. Stratification by sex was performed for all analyses.
Results
The age-standardized mortality of GC per 100,000 persons declined from 29.0 in 2000 to 7.9 in 2020 (AAPC, -6.28%). Age-period-cohort analyses of GC mortality showed a downward trend among five-year age groups from age 20-89 years across five-year periods from 2005-2020 and five-year birth cohorts from 1920-2000. Overall, the younger birth cohort showed lower mortality rates than the older cohort within the same period. In 2020, clusters of high GC mortality were observed in the central area for men (Chungcheongbuk, Jeollabuk, Gyeongsangbuk, and Gyeongsangnam) and in the eastern area for women (Gyeongsangbuk).
Conclusion
This study identified a downward trend in GC mortality among men and women from 2000 to 2020 in Korea. This trend was mainly attributed to birth cohort rather than period effects. Spatial analysis showed high GC mortality in the Chungcheong and Gyeongsangbuk areas.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Expression of claudin 18.2 in poorly cohesive carcinoma and its association with clinicopathologic parameters in East Asian patients
    Moonsik Kim, Byung Woog Kang, Jihyun Park, Jin Ho Baek, Jong Gwang Kim
    Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 263: 155628.     CrossRef
  • Updated Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer in Asia: Decreased Incidence but Still a Big Challenge
    Wing Sum Shin, Fuda Xie, Bonan Chen, Peiyao Yu, Jun Yu, Ka Fai To, Wei Kang
    Cancers.2023; 15(9): 2639.     CrossRef
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  • 191 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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General
Validation of Cancer Diagnosis Based on the National Health Insurance Service Database versus the National Cancer Registry Database in Korea
Min Soo Yang, Minae Park, Joung Hwan Back, Gyeong Hyeon Lee, Ji Hye Shin, Kyuwoong Kim, Hwa Jeong Seo, Young Ae Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):352-361.   Published online August 2, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.044
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of operational definitions of cancer patients in conducting cancer-related studies using the claims data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS).
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence data were obtained from the Korean Central Cancer Registry, the NHIS primary diagnosis, and from the rare and intractable disease (RID) registration program.
Results
The operational definition with higher sensitivity for cancer patient verification was different by cancer type. Using primary diagnosis, the lowest sensitivity was found in colorectal cancer (91.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 91.7 to 92.0) and the highest sensitivity was found in breast cancer (97.9%; 95% CI, 97.8 to 98.0). With RID, sensitivity was the lowest in liver cancer (91.9%; 95% CI, 91.7 to 92.0) and highest in breast cancer (98.1%; 95% CI, 98.0 to 98.2). In terms of the difference in the date of diagnosis in the cancer registration data, > 80% of the patients showed a < 31-day difference from the RID definition.
Conclusion
Based on the NHIS data, the operational definition of cancer incidence is more accurate when using the RID registration program claims compared to using the primary diagnosis despite the relatively lower concordance by cancer type requires additional definitions such as treatment.

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    Cancer Communications.2023; 43(8): 863.     CrossRef
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    Chi Lan Tran, Kui Son Choi, Sun‐Young Kim, Jin‐Kyoung Oh
    Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(16): 17389.     CrossRef
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    Kyuho Kim, Bongseong Kim, Hyunho Kim, Hyung Soon Park, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Seung Yun
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 203: 110866.     CrossRef
  • Changes in metabolic syndrome and the risk of breast and endometrial cancer according to menopause in Korean women
    Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Boyoung Park
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023049.     CrossRef
  • Operational Definitions of Colorectal Cancer in the Korean National Health Insurance Database
    Hyeree Park, Yu Rim Kim, Yerin Pyun, Hyundeok Joo, Aesun Shin
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(4): 312.     CrossRef
  • Risk of Pancreatic Cancer and Use of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis
    Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Soon Jib Yoo
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  • Changes in physical activity and incident cardiovascular events in cancer survivors
    Hyeok-Hee Lee, Hokyou Lee, Deepak L Bhatt, Danbee Kang, Jong-Chan Youn, Dong Wook Shin, Juhee Cho, Hyeon Chang Kim
    European Heart Journal.2023; 44(47): 4997.     CrossRef
  • Mammographic Breast Density and Risk of Ovarian Cancer in Korean Women
    Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Boyoung Park
    Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2023; 32(12): 1690.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for early-onset lung cancer in Korea: analysis of a nationally representative population-based cohort
    Jihun Kang, Taeyun Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Su-Min Jeong, Yo Hwan Yeo, Kyuwon Jung, Hyun Lee, Jong Ho Cho, Dong Wook Shin
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023101.     CrossRef
  • Increased risk of cancer and cancer-related mortality in middle-aged Korean women with prediabetes and diabetes: a population-based study
    Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Huiyeon Song, Boyoung Park
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023080.     CrossRef
  • Temporal patterns of chronic disease incidence after breast cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study
    Danbee Kang, Minwoong Kang, Yun Soo Hong, Jihwan Park, Jin Lee, Hwa Jeong Seo, Dong Wook Kim, Jin Seok Ahn, Yeon Hee Park, Se Kyung Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Eliseo Guallar, Juhee Cho
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association Between Family History of Gastric Cancer and the Risk of Gastric Cancer and Adenoma: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
    Yoon Suk Jung, Mai Thi Xuan Tran, Boyoung Park, Chang Mo Moon
    American Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 117(8): 1255.     CrossRef
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    Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Huiyeon Song, Boyoung Park
    American Journal of Preventive Medicine.2022; 63(6): 894.     CrossRef
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    Sung Yeon Hong, Mee Joo Kang, Taegyu Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Bong-Wan Kim
    Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.2022; 26(3): 211.     CrossRef
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    Sung Hoon Jeong, Jae Hong Joo, Minah Park, Choa Yun, Soo Hyun Kang, Eun-Cheol Park, Yoon Dae Han, Sung-In Jang
    Supportive Care in Cancer.2022; 30(11): 9233.     CrossRef
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    Ha-Lim Jeon, Seon Hee Lee, Jin Hyun Nam, Ju-Young Shin
    Cancer Epidemiology.2022; 80: 102245.     CrossRef
  • Association between A Family History of Colorectal Cancer and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
    Yoon Suk Jung, Huiyeon Song, Mai Thi Xuan Tran, Boyoung Park, Chang Mo Moon
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(10): 1566.     CrossRef
  • The Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Colorectal Cancer Risk by Obesity Status in Korean Women: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Seong-geun Moon, Boyoung Park
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2022; 55(5): 475.     CrossRef
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    Soyeoun Kim, Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Huiyeon Song, Boyoung Park
    Breast Cancer Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between malignancy risk and Janus kinase inhibitors versus tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide population-based study
    Yeo-Jin Song, Soo-Kyung Cho, Seung-Hun You, Jeong-Yeon Kim, Hyoungyoung Kim, Sun-Young Jung, Yoon-Kyoung Sung
    RMD Open.2022; 8(2): e002614.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Esophageal Cancer: a Nationwide Population-Based Study
    Ji Eun Lee, Kyungdo Han, Juhwan Yoo, Yohwan Yeo, In Young Cho, Belong Cho, Jin-Ho Park, Dong Wook Shin, Jong Ho Cho, Yong-Moon Park
    Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2022; 31(12): 2228.     CrossRef
  • Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in breast cancer survivors: a nationwide cohort study
    Danbee Kang, Sang Eun Yoon, Dongwook Shin, Jin Lee, Yun Soo Hong, Se Kyung Lee, Jeong Eon Lee, Yeon Hee Park, Jin Seok Ahn, Eliseo Guallar, Won Seog Kim, Jungho Lee, Seok Jin Kim, Juhee Cho
    Blood Cancer Journal.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Gastrointestinal Cancer
Fasting Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, and Risk of Primary Liver Cancer: The Kailuan Study
Xiangming Ma, Haozhe Cui, Miaomiao Sun, Qian Liu, Xining Liu, Guangjian Li, Yaochen Wei, Qingjiang Fu, Siqing Liu, Liying Cao
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1113-1122.   Published online January 19, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.817
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The influence of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and cholesterolemia primary liver cancer (PLC) in china was analyzed via a large prospective cohort study based on a community population, and the combined effects between them were investigated.
Materials and Methods
Overall, 98,936 staff from the Kailuan Group who participated in and finished physical examinations between 2006 and 2007 were included in the cohort study. Their medical information was collected and they were followed up after examination. The correlations of serum FBG or TC with PLC were analyzed. Then, we categorized all staff into four groups: normal FBG/ non-hypocholesterolemia, normal FBG/hypocholesterolemia, elevated FBG/non-hypocholesterolemia, elevated FBG/hypocholesterolemia and normal FBG/ non-hypocholesterolemia was used as a control group. The combined effects of elevated FBG and hypocholesterolemia with PLC were analyzed using the Age-scale Cox proportional hazard regression model.
Results
During 1,134,843.68 person*years follow up, a total of 388 PLC cases occured. We found the elevated FBG and hypocholesterolemia increases the risk for PLC, respectively. Compared with the non-hypocholesterolemia/normal FBG group, the risk of PLC was significantly increased in the non-hypocholesterolemia/elevated FBG group (HR=1.19,95%CI 0.88–1.62) and hypocholesterolemia/normal FBG group (HR=1.53,95%CI 1.19–1.97), and in the hypocholesterolemia/elevated FBG group (HR=3.16 95%CI2.13-4.69). And, a significant interaction effect was found of FBG and TC on PLC. All results were independent from the influence of liver disease.
Conclusion
Elevated serum FBG and hypocholesterolemia are risk factors for PLC, especially when combined. Thus, for the prevention and treatment of PLC, serum FBG and TC levels should be investigated.

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  • Association between Metabolically Healthy Status and Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer
    Haozhe Cui, Fei Tian, Yongliang Chen, Xiangming Ma
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(1): 238.     CrossRef
  • Identification of structural motifs critical for human G6PC2 function informed by sequence analysis and an AlphaFold2-predicted model
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    Bioscience Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Matthieu Wargny, Thomas Goronflot, Antoine Rimbert, Jérôme Boursier, Sofiane Kab, Joseph Henny, Antoine Lainé, Christophe Leux, Sarra Smati, Samy Hadjadj, Cédric Le May, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Bertrand Cariou
    Journal of Hepatology.2024; 80(6): 846.     CrossRef
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    Emily M. Hawes, Mohsin Rahim, Zeinab Haratipour, Abigail R. Orun, Margaret L. O'Rourke, James K. Oeser, Kwangho Kim, Derek P. Claxton, Ray D. Blind, Jamey D. Young, Richard M. O'Brien
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    Bioactive Materials.2024; 36: 376.     CrossRef
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    Qian Liu, Fei Si, Yuntao Wu, Jing Yu
    Obesity.2024; 32(10): 1948.     CrossRef
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    Lay Shuen Tan, Hwee Hui Lau, Essam M. Abdelalim, Chin Meng Khoo, Richard M. O’Brien, E. Shyong Tai, Adrian Kee Keong Teo
    Trends in Molecular Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dongna Zhao, Haozhe Cui, Zhiqiang Shao, Liying Cao
    Annals of Hepatology.2023; 28(4): 100726.     CrossRef
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    Lizhen Zhang, Zhongge Wang, Ruirui Chen, Zhiyuan Cheng, Jingli Yang, Jing Li, Siyu Li, Yarong Chen, Lulu Xu, Yujia Hu, Yana Bai
    Cancer Epidemiology.2023; 84: 102362.     CrossRef
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    Zicheng Liang, Zhen Zhang, Xiaoning Tan, Puhua Zeng
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Qian Liu, Haozhe Cui, Yihan Ma, Xu Han, Zhiwei Cao, Yuntao Wu
    Endocrine.2022; 75(2): 392.     CrossRef
  • Cumulative triglyceride-glucose index is a risk for CVD: a prospective cohort study
    Haozhe Cui, Qian Liu, Yuntao Wu, Liying Cao
    Cardiovascular Diabetology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Li Liu, Zhenguo Wu, Yifan Zhuang, Yerui Zhang, Huiliang Cui, Fanghong Lu, Jie Peng, Jianmin Yang
    Cardiovascular Diabetology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Television Viewing Time and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Mortality among Japanese Population: The JACC Study
Yuting Li, Ehab S. Eshak, Renzhe Cui, Kokoro Shirai, Keyang Liu, Hiroyasu Iso, Satoyo Ikehara, Akiko Tamakoshi, Shigekazu Ukawa, JACC Study Group
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):497-505.   Published online October 27, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.327
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Sedentary behavior attributes to the increased risk of some cancers and all-cause mortality. The evidence is limited for the association between television (TV) viewing time, a major sedentary behavior, and risk of colorectal cancer death. We aimed to examine this association in Japanese population.
Materials and Methods
A prospective cohort study encompassed of 90,834 men and women aged 40-79 years with no prior history of colorectal cancer who completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and provided their TV viewing information. The participants were followed-up from 1988-1990 to the end of 2009. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by the Cox proportional hazard regression for risk of colorectal cancer mortality according to TV viewing time.
Results
During the median 19.1-year follow-up period, we documented 749 (385 men and 364 women) colorectal cancer deaths. The multivariable-adjusted HRs for mortality from colorectal cancer were 1.11 (0.88-1.41) for 1.5 to < 3 hr/day, 1.14 (0.91-1.42) for 3 to < 4.5 hr/day and 1.33 (1.02-1.73) for ≥ 4.5 hr/day in comparison to < 1.5 hr/day TV watching; p-trend=0.038, and that for 1-hour increment in TV viewing time was 1.06 (1.01-1.11). Moreover, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95%CI) of colon cancer for 1-hour increment in TV viewing time was 1.07 (1.02-1.13). Age, body mass index, and level of leisure-physical activity did not show significant effect modifications on the observed associations.
Conclusion
TV viewing time is associated with the increased risk of colorectal cancer mortality among Japanese population, more specifically colon rather than rectal cancer.

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  • The causal effects of leisure screen time on irritable bowel syndrome risk from a Mendelian randomization study
    Liesheng Lu, Changqin Liu, Kunpeng Liu, Chenzhang Shi, Zhongchen Liu, Xun Jiang, Feng Wang
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sanghyun An, Sungjin Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Rafael Hermelink, Michael F. Leitzmann, Georgios Markozannes, Kostas Tsilidis, Tobias Pukrop, Felix Berger, Hansjörg Baurecht, Carmen Jochem
    European Journal of Epidemiology.2022; 37(5): 447.     CrossRef
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Gynecologic cancer
Nationwide Comparison of Surgical and Oncologic Outcomes in Endometrial Cancer Patients Undergoing Robotic, Laparoscopic, and Open Surgery: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Kyung-Jin Eoh, Eun-Ji Nam, Sang-Wun Kim, Minkyung Shin, Stella J-H Kim, Jung-Ae Kim, Yong-Tae Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):549-557.   Published online October 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.802
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Population-based comparisons between minimally invasive surgery (MIS) (robotic surgery [RS] and laparoscopic surgery [LS]) and open surgery (OS) for managing endometrial cancer are lacking. This study aimed to compare surgical and oncologic outcomes between endometrial cancer patients who underwent surgical staging via MIS or OS.
Materials and Methods
A population-based retrospective cohort study was performed using claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance database from January 2012 to December 2016. All patients who underwent hysterectomy under diagnosis of endometrial cancer were identified. Patients were classified into RS, LS, and OS groups. Operative and oncologic outcomes were compared among the three groups after adjustments for age group, risk group (adjuvant therapy status), modified Charlson comorbidity index, income level, insurance type, and index year using propensity scores obtained via the inverse probability of treatment weighted method.
Results
After adjustment, 5,065 patients (RS, n=315; LS, n=3,248; OS, n=1,503) were analyzed. Patient demographics were comparable. Hospital stay, postoperative complications, and cost were more favorable in the RS and LS groups than in the OS group (all p < 0.001). Five-year overall survival was significantly longer in the RS and LS groups than in the OS group (94.8%, 91.9%, and 86.9%, respectively; p < 0.001). Moreover, the survival benefit of RS was shown in the subgroup analysis of low-risk endometrial cancer patients.
Conclusion
Our study provides further evidence for the RS being a safe surgical alternative to the LS and OS, especially in low-risk endometrial cancer patients, offering surgical and oncologic outcomes equivalent to other surgical approaches.

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    Thomas Davidson, Rune Sjödahl, Åke Aldman, Claes Lennmarken, Ann-Sofi Kammerlind, Elvar Theodorsson
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    璐 余
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    Yisel Pagán Santana, Maira Castañeda Ávila, Ruth Ríos Motta, Karen J. Ortiz Ortiz, Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0302253.     CrossRef
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    Heeju Kang, Hyewon Chung, Seungmee Lee, Tae-Kyu Jang, So-Jin Shin, Sang-Hoon Kwon, Chi-Heum Cho
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    Kelly Lamiman, Michael Silver, Nicole Goncalves, Michael Kim, Ioannis Alagkiozidis
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    Kyung-Jin Eoh, Tae-Kyung Lee, Eun-Ji Nam, Sang-Wun Kim, Young-Tae Kim
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    Arnav Goel, Soumya Pamnani, Ashish Anjankar
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    Kyung Jin Eoh, Tae-Joong Kim, Jeong-Yeol Park, Hee Seung Kim, Jiheum Paek, Young Tae Kim
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    Sang Hyun Cho, Jung-Yun Lee, Eun Ji Nam, Sunghoon Kim, Young Tae Kim, Sang Wun Kim
    Cancers.2023; 15(22): 5322.     CrossRef
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    Huang-Pin Shen, Chih-Jen Tseng
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(24): 7713.     CrossRef
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    Xing Zhou, Sitian Wei, Qingchun Shao, Jun Zhang, Rong Zhao, Rui Shi, Wei Zhang, Kejun Dong, Wan Shu, Hongbo Wang
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    Yu Xu, Juan Shen, Qianwen Zhang, Yuedong He, Cheng Chen, Yong Tian
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    Xueyan Shi, Zhenghao Deng, Shouman Wang, Shuai Zhao, Lan Xiao, Jiang Zou, Tao Li, Sichuang Tan, SipAin Tan, Xianzhong Xiao
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    Khadija Alshowaikh, Katarzyna Karpinska-Leydier, Jashvini Amirthalingam , Gokul Paidi, Anuruddhika I Iroshani Jayarathna, Divya Bala Anthony Manisha R Salibindla, Huseyin Ekin Ergin
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Time Trends for Prostate Cancer Incidence from 2003 to 2013 in South Korea: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Hyun Young Lee, Do Kyoung Kim, Seung Whan Doo, Won Jae Yang, Yun Seob Song, Bora Lee, Jae Heon Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):301-308.   Published online August 1, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.194
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence is affected by aging phenomenon and performance of screening test. In United States, PCa incidence is affected by period effect of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation. However, no study has reported the effect of USPSTF recommendation or aging phenomenon on PCa incidence in South Korea. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate effects of age, period, and birth cohort on PCa incidence using age-period-cohort analysis.
Materials and Methods
Annual report of cancer statistics between 2003 and 2013 from National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in South Korea for the number of PCa patients and Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) data between 2003 and 2013 from national statistics in South Korea for the number of Korean male population were used. Age-period-cohort models were used to investigate effects of age, period, and birth cohort on PCa incidence.
Results
Overall PCa incidence in South Korea was increased 8.8% in annual percentage (95% confidential interval, 6.5 to 11.2; p < 0.001). It showed an increasing pattern from 2003 to 2011 but a decreasing pattern from 2011 to 2013. Age increased the risk of PCa incidence. However, the speed of increase was slower with increasing age. PCa incidence was increased 1.4 times in 2008 compared to that in 2003 or 2013. Regarding cohort effect, the risk of PCa incidence started to increase from 1958 cohort.
Conclusion
PCa incidence was affected by period of specific year. There was a positive cohort effect on PCa incidence associated with age structural change.

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  • Incidence trends and spatial distribution of thyroid cancer in the Chinese female population from 1990 to 2019
    Xiaowei Qiao, Yunshang Cui, Changgeng Ma, Chunxiao Ma, Bingyu Bai, Chunping Wang
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    Eun Hye Park, Mee Joo Kang, Kyu-Won Jung, Eun Hye Park, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Chang Kyun Choi, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023089.     CrossRef
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    Yu-Tsung Chen, Chih-Yi Wu, Yu-Ling Li, Li-Ying Chen, Hung-Yi Chiou
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(13): 3744.     CrossRef
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    Yan Wang, Xiaoyan Wang, Kaijun Liao, Baoqin Luo, Jiashou Luo
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    Sung Han Kim, Whi-An Kwon, Jae Young Joung
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  • Can Prostate-Specific Antigen Density Be an Index to Distinguish Patients Who Can Omit Repeat Prostate Biopsy in Patients with Negative Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
    Jiwoong Yu, Youngjun Boo, Minyong Kang, Hyun Hwan Sung, Byong Chang Jeong, Seongil Seo, Seong soo Jeon, Hyunmoo Lee, Hwang Gyun Jeon
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    Jinhui Feng, Shitong Zhang, Jiadong Chen, Jie Yang, Jue Zhu
    Gynecological Endocrinology.2021; 37(11): 1041.     CrossRef
  • Personalized 5-Year Prostate Cancer Risk Prediction Model in Korea Based on Nationwide Representative Data
    Yohwan Yeo, Dong Wook Shin, Jungkwon Lee, Kyungdo Han, Sang Hyun Park, Keun Hye Jeon, Jungeun Shin, Aesun Shin, Jinsung Park
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2021; 12(1): 2.     CrossRef
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    Li-Feng Zhang, Kai Xu, Bo-Wen Tang, Wei Zhang, Wei Yuan, Chuang Yue, Li Shi, Yuan-Yuan Mi, Li Zuo, Li-Jie Zhu
    Aging.2020; 12(1): 825.     CrossRef
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The Effect of Disability on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma in Korea: A National Cohort Study
Jihyun Kwon, So Young Kim, Kyoung Eun Yeob, Hye Sook Han, Ki Hyeong Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Yeon-Yong Kim, Jong Heon Park, Jong Hyock Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):1-9.   Published online April 22, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.702
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to determine whether the diagnosis, treatment approach, and prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) vary according to the presence and type of disability.
Materials and Methods
Demographic, socioeconomic, and medical data were obtained from the National Disability Database, the Korean Central Cancer Registry, and the Korean National Health Insurance claims database. An age- and sex-matched cohort was established using a 1:3 ratio constituted with 2,776,450 people with disabilities and 8,329,350 people without disabilities. Adult patients diagnosed with MM were subsequently selected from this cohort. Disabilities were categorized as physical, communication, intellectual or psychological, and affecting the major internal organs.
Results
The cohort included 4,090 patients with MM, with a significantly lower rate per 100,000 persons among people with disabilities than among people without disabilities (29.1 vs. 39.4, p < 0.001). People with disabilities were more likely to undergo dialysis treatment at the time of diagnosis (16.3% vs. 10.0%, p < 0.001), but were less likely to undergo autologous stem cell transplantation (37.5% vs. 43.7%, p=0.072). This trend was more evident among patients with intellectual or psychological disabilities. The median overall survival among patients with disabilities was significantly shorter than that among patients without disabilities (36.8 months vs. 51.2 months, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
In Korea, people with disabilities generally have a lower rate of MM diagnosis, receive less intensive treatment, and have a lower survival rate than people without disabilities.

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Television Viewing Time and Breast Cancer Incidence for Japanese Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: The JACC Study
Jinhong Cao, Ehab Salah Eshak, Keyang Liu, Isao Muraki, Renzhe Cui, Hiroyasu Iso, Akiko Tamakoshi, JACC Study Group
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1509-1517.   Published online March 21, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.705
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The evidence on effects of TV viewing time among premenopausal and postmenopausal women for breast cancer risk remains controversial and limited.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study encompassing 33,276 (17,568 premenopausal, and 15,708 postmenopausal) women aged 40-79 years in whom TV viewing time, menstrual, and reproductive histories were determined by a self-administered questionnaire. The follow-up was from 1988 to 2009 and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer incidence were calculated for longer TV viewing time in reference to shorter TV viewing time by Cox proportional hazard models.
Results
During 16.8-year median follow-up, we found positive associations between TV viewing time and breast cancer incidence with a borderline significant trend among total women and a significant trend among postmenopausal women. Among total women, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) for risk of breast cancer in reference to < 1.5 hr/day of TV viewing time were 0.89 (0.59-1.34) for 1.5 to < 3.0 hr/day, 1.19 (0.82-1.74) for 3.0 to < 4.5 hr/day, and 1.45 (0.91-2.32) for ≥ 4.5 hr/day (p for trend=0.053) and among postmenopausal women, the corresponding risk estimates were 1.10 (0.42-2.88), 2.54 (1.11-5.80), and 2.37 (0.92-6.10) (p for trend=0.009), respectively.
Conclusion
Prolonged TV viewing time was associated with increased risk of breast cancer, especially among postmenopausal women.

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Association between Body Mass Index and Gastric Cancer Risk According to Effect Modification by Helicobacter pylori Infection
Jieun Jang, Eun-Jung Cho, Yunji Hwang, Elisabete Weiderpass, Choonghyun Ahn, Jeoungbin Choi, Soung-Hoon Chang, Hai-Rim Shin, Min Kyung Lim, Keun-Young Yoo, Sue K. Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1107-1116.   Published online November 21, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.182
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Few studies investigated roles of body mass index (BMI) on gastric cancer (GC) risk according to Helicobacter pylori infection status. This study was conducted to evaluate associations between BMI and GC risk with consideration of H. pylori infection information.
Materials and Methods
We performed a case-cohort study (n=2,458) that consists of a subcohort, (n=2,193 including 67 GC incident cases) randomly selected from the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort (KMCC) and 265 incident GC cases outside of the subcohort. H. pylori infection was assessed using an immunoblot assay. GC risk according to BMI was evaluated by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using weighted Cox hazard regression model.
Results
Increased GC risk in lower BMI group (< 23 kg/m2) with marginal significance, (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.77) compared to the reference group (BMI of 23-24.9 kg/m2) was observed. In the H. pylori non-infection, both lower (< 23 kg/m2) and higher BMI (≥ 25 kg/m2) showed non-significantly increased GC risk (HR, 10.82; 95% CI, 1.25 to 93.60 and HR, 11.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 113.66, respectively). However, these U-shaped associations between BMI and GC risk were not observed in the group who had ever been infected by H. pylori.
Conclusion
This study suggests the U-shaped associations between BMI and GC risk, especially in subjects who had never been infected by H. pylori.

Citations

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    Jieun Jang, Sangjun Lee, Kwang-Pil Ko, Sarah K. Abe, Md. Shafiur Rahman, Eiko Saito, Md. Rashedul Islam, Norie Sawada, Xiao-Ou Shu, Woon-Puay Koh, Atsuko Sadakane, Ichiro Tsuji, Jeongseon Kim, Isao Oze, Chisato Nagata, Shoichiro Tsugane, Hui Cai, Jian-Min
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  • The U‐shaped association between body mass index and gastric cancer risk in the Helicobacter pylori Biomarker Cohort Consortium: A nested case–control study from eight East Asian cohort studies
    Jieun Jang, Tianyi Wang, Hui Cai, Fei Ye, Gwen Murphy, Taichi Shimazu, Philip R Taylor, You‐Lin Qiao, Keun‐Young Yoo, Sun Ha Jee, Jeongseon Kim, Sheau‐Chiann Chen, Christian C Abnet, Shoichiro Tsugane, Wei Zheng, Xiao‐Ou Shu, Michael Pawlita, Sue K. Park,
    International Journal of Cancer.2020; 147(3): 777.     CrossRef
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Effectiveness of Gastric Cancer Screening on Gastric Cancer Incidence and Mortality in a Community-Based Prospective Cohort
Heewon Kim, Yunji Hwang, Hokyung Sung, Jieun Jang, Choonghyun Ahn, Sang Gyun Kim, Keun-Young Yoo, Sue K. Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(2):582-589.   Published online June 9, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.048
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of gastric cancer (GC) screening methods in a community-based prospective cohort of the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort (KMCC) with over a 10-year follow-up.
Materials and Methods
A total 10,909 and 4,773 subjects from the KMCC with information on gastroendoscopy (GE) and upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) were included in this study. Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex, Helicobacter pylori infection, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
The GE screened subjects had almost half the risk of GC-specific death than that of unscreened subjects (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.94). Among the GC patients, GE screenees had a 2.24-fold higher survival rate than that of the non-screenees (95% CI, 1.61 to 3.11). In particular, GE screenees who underwent two or more screening episodes had a higher survival rate than that of the non-screenees (HR, 13.11; 95% CI, 7.38 to 23.30). The effectiveness of GE screening on reduced GC mortality and increased survival rate of GC patients was better in elderly subjects (≥ 65 years old) (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.95 and HR, 8.84; 95% CI, 3.63 to 21.57, respectively) than that in younger subjects (< 65 years old) (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.29 and HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.68, respectively). In contrast, UGIS screening had no significant relation to GC mortality and survival.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that a decreased GC-specific mortality and improved survival rate in GC patients can be achieved through GE screening.

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Light Alcohol Drinking and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Yoon-Jung Choi, Seung-Kwon Myung, Ji-Ho Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(2):474-487.   Published online May 22, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.094
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether light alcohol drinking increases the risk of cancer by using a meta-analysis of cohort studies because the newly revised 2015 European Code against Cancer fourth edition on alcohol and cancer was based on critical flaws in the interpretation and citation of the previous meta-analyses.
Materials and Methods
PubMed and EMBASE were searched in April, 2016. Two authors independently reviewed and selected cohort studies on the association between very light (≤ 0.5 drink/day), light (≤ 1 drink/day), or moderate drinking (1-2 drinks/day) and the risk of cancer incidence and mortality. A pooled relative riskwith its 95% confidence intervalwas calculated by a randomeffects meta-analysis. Main outcome measures were cancer incidence and mortality.
Results
A total of 60 cohort studies from 135 articles were included in the final analysis. Very light drinking or light drinking was not associated with the incidence of most cancers except for female breast cancer in women and male colorectal cancer. Conversely, light drinking was associated with a decreased incidence of both female and male lung cancer significantly and both female and male thyroid cancer marginally significantly. Moderate drinking significantly increased the incidence of male colorectal cancer and female breast cancer,whereas it decreased the incidence of both female and male hematologic malignancy.
Conclusion
We found that very light or light alcohol drinking was not associated with the risk of most of the common cancers except for the mild increase in the incidence of breast cancer in women and colorectal cancer in men.

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Epidemiology of Intracranial Metastases in Korea: A National Cohort Investigation
Tackeun Kim, Changhoon Song, Jung Ho Han, In-Ah Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, Chae-Yong Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):164-174.   Published online March 21, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.072
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
To investigate the epidemiologic features of intracranial metastases (ICMET) in Korea, we performed a cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort database, which comprised healthcare usage information of approximately 1 million Korean individuals over 12 years.
Materials and Methods
We enrolled 998,602 subjects, after excluding 18,218 subjects diagnosed with any cancer during the washout period (2002-2004). The observation period was 9 years (2005-2013; 8,725,438 person-years). The initial diagnosis date of ICMET and the primary cancer was recorded. The incidence was determined based on the number of incident cases and observation size, whereas survival was estimated using death statistics from the database.
Results
Through observation period, a total 776 subjects developed ICMET. The age-standardized incidence of ICMET was 8.2 per 100,000 person-years. The mean interval between the initial diagnosis date of the primary cancer and ICMET was 13.1 months. Patients with ICMET had shorter survival than those without ICMET (30.9 months vs. 81.4 months, p < 0.001). The ICMET incidence among the cancer patients was 5.0 per 1,000 personyears; it was highest in lung cancer cases, followed by breast and liver cancer cases. Moreover, ICMET from lung cancer was the most common metastasis type, followed by ICMET from liver and breast cancer.
Conclusion
The incidence of ICMET was 8.2 per 100,000 person-years among the Korean population and 5.0 per 1,000 person-years among cancer patients. Most of the ICMET cases arose from lung cancer. ICMET also critically influenced survival in cancer patients.

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The Clinical Significance of Occult Gastrointestinal Primary Tumours in Metastatic Cancer: A Population Retrospective Cohort Study
Malek B. Hannouf, Eric Winquist, Salaheddin M. Mahmud, Muriel Brackstone, Sisira Sarma, George Rodrigues, Peter K. Rogan, Jeffrey S. Hoch, Gregory S. Zaric
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):183-194.   Published online March 21, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.532
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of occult gastrointestinal (GI) primary tumours in patients with metastatic cancer of uncertain primary origin and evaluate their influence on treatments and overall survival (OS).
Materials and Methods
We used population heath data from Manitoba, Canada to identify all patients initially diagnosed with metastatic cancer between 2002 and 2011. We defined patients to have “occult” primary tumour if the primary was found at least 6 months after initial diagnosis. Otherwise, we considered primary tumours as “obvious.” We used propensity-score methods to match each patient with occult GI tumour to four patients with obvious GI tumour on all known clinicopathologic features. We compared treatments and 2-year survival data between the two patient groups and assessed treatment effect on OS using Cox regression adjustment.
Results
Eighty-three patients had occult GI primary tumours, accounting for 17.6% of men and 14% of women with metastatic cancer of uncertain primary. A 1:4 matching created a matched group of 332 patients with obvious GI primary tumour. Occult cases compared to the matched group were less likely to receive surgical interventions and targeted biological therapy, and more likely to receive cytotoxic empiric chemotherapeutic agents. Having an occult GI tumour was associated with reduced OS and appeared to be a nonsignificant independent predictor of OS when adjusting for treatment differences.
Conclusion
GI tumours are the most common occult primary tumours in men and the second most common in women. Patients with occult GI primary tumours are potentially being undertreated with available GI site-specific and targeted therapies.

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  • Relationship between metastasis and second primary cancers in women with breast cancer
    Chaofan Li, Mengjie Liu, Jia Li, Xixi Zhao, Yusheng Wang, Xi Chen, Weiwei Wang, Shiyu Sun, Cong Feng, Yifan Cai, Fei Wu, Chong Du, Yinbin Zhang, Shuqun Zhang, Jingkun Qu
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  • The Potential Clinical and Economic Value of Primary Tumour Identification in Metastatic Cancer of Unknown Primary Tumour: A Population-Based Retrospective Matched Cohort Study
    Malek B. Hannouf, Eric Winquist, Salaheddin M. Mahmud, Muriel Brackstone, Sisira Sarma, George Rodrigues, Peter K. Rogan, Jeffrey S. Hoch, Gregory S. Zaric
    PharmacoEconomics - Open.2018; 2(3): 255.     CrossRef
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  • 140 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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Trends and Age-Period-Cohort Effects on the Incidence and Mortality Rate of Cervical Cancer in Korea
Eun-Kyeong Moon, Chang-Mo Oh, Young-Joo Won, Jong-Keun Lee, Kyu-Won Jung, Hyunsoon Cho, Jae Kwan Jun, Myong Cheol Lim, Moran Ki
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):526-533.   Published online September 1, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.316
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study was conducted to describe the trends and age-period-cohort effects on the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in Korea.
Materials and Methods
The incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer among ≥ 20-year-old women from 1993 to 2012 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry and the Korean Statistical Information Service. Age-standardized rates were calculated and Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the trends in the incidence and mortality rate. Age-period-cohort analysis was performed to investigate the independent effects of age, period and cohort.
Results
The incidence of cervical cancer decreased from 32.8 per 100,000 in 1993 to 15.9 per 100,000 in 2012 (annual percent change [APC], –3.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –4.2% to –3.6%). The mortality rate decreased from 5.2 per 100,000 in 1993 to 2.1 per 100,000 in 2012 (APC, –4.8%; 95% CI, –5.1% to –4.4%); however, the incidence and mortality rates among young women (< 30 years old) increased. An age-period-cohort model of the incidence and mortality rate showed decreasing period effects between 1993 and 2008 and decreasing cohort effects between 1928 and 1973, while birth cohorts after 1973 exhibited slight increases in the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer.
Conclusion
Recent decreases in the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer were due to decreases in the period and cohort effects, which reflect the implementation of a cancer screening program and changes in lifestyle. However, our findings also highlighted an increase in cohort effects on the incidence and mortality rate among young women born after 1973.

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Meta-Analysis
Alcohol Intake and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Seung-Hee Hong, Seung-Kwon Myung, Hyeon Suk Kim, The Korean Meta-Analysis (KORMA) Study Group
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):534-547.   Published online July 7, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.161
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess whether alcohol intake is associated with the risk of thyroid cancer by a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Materials and Methods
We searched PubMed and EMBASE in June of 2015 to locate eligible studies. We included observational studies such as cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies reporting odd ratios (ORs) or relative risk (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
We included 33 observational studies with two cross-sectional studies, 20 case-controls studies, and 11 cohort studies, which involved a total of 7,725 thyroid cancer patients and 3,113,679 participants without thyroid cancer in the final analysis. In the fixed-effect model meta-analysis of all 33 studies, we found that alcohol intake was consistently associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer (OR or RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.83; I2=38.6%). In the subgroup meta-analysis by type of study, alcohol intake also decreased the risk of thyroid cancer in both case-control studies (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.92; I2=29.5%; n=20) and cohort studies (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.82; I2=0%; n=11). Moreover, subgroup meta-analyses by type of thyroid cancer, gender, amount of alcohol consumed, and methodological quality of study showed that alcohol intake was significantly associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer.
Conclusion
The current meta-analysis of observational studies found that, unlike most of other types of cancer, alcohol intake decreased the risk of thyroid cancer.

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Original Article
Long Term Trends and the Future Gastric Cancer Mortality in Korea: 1983~2013
Yunhee Choi, Jin Gwack, Yeonju Kim, Jisuk Bae, Jae-Kwan Jun, Kwang-Pil Ko, Keun-Young Yoo
Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(1):7-12.   Published online February 28, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.1.7
Correction in: Cancer Res Treat 2007;39(1):44
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

In spite of gastric cancer's decreasing incidence and mortality rates, it is still the most common cancer in Korea. In the present study, we examined the temporal trends of gastric cancer mortality during the past 20 years in Korea by using an age-period-cohort model, and we predicted the mortality rates for the next 10 years.

Materials and Methods

Data on the annual number of deaths due to gastric cancer and data on population statistics from 1984 to 2003 were obtained from the Korean National Statistical Office. A log-linear Poisson age-period-cohort model was used to estimate age, period and birth cohort effects. To project two periods (10 years) into the future, the new cohort values were estimated by performing linear regression that was applied to a chosen number of the most recent cohort values.

Results

The trends of gastric cancer mortality were predominantly explained by the cohort effect; the risk of gastric cancer death decreased since the 1919 birth cohort for both genders. The predicted, expected age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 for males and females are 45.72 and 23.75, respectively, during 2004~2008, and 34.62 and 17.93 respectively, during 2009~2013. During 2004~2008 and 2009~2013, the predicted numbers of deaths due to gastric cancer in males are 36,922 and 27,959, respectively, whereas those in females are 19,698 and 14,869, respectively.

Conclusions

Not only the mortality, but also the incidence of gastric cancer in Korea is expected to further decrease in both men and women if the trends of the past 20 years continue.

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