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Original Articles
Prognostic Performance of the Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Multigene Assay in Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated According to the 21-Gene Assay Results
Eunhye Kang, Jong-Ho Cheun, Jeeyeon Lee, Jiwon Koh, Hyunwoo Lee, Ji-Young Park, Hee Jin Lee, Byeongju Kang, Woong Ki Park, Jeongeun Son, Bumjoon Kim, Woosung Chung, Wonshik Han, Han-Byoel Lee, Sae Byul Lee, Jai Min Ryu
Received October 28, 2024  Accepted December 22, 2024  Published online December 23, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1035    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Multigene assays guide treatment decisions in early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. OncoFREE, a next-generation sequencing assay using 179 genes, was developed for this purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the concordance between the Oncotype DX (ODX) Recurrence Score (RS) and the OncoFREE Decision Index (DI) and to compare their performance.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively collected tumor blocks from patients who underwent ODX and treatment between 2012 and 2022 at four tertiary hospitals and performed OncoFREE on these samples. Distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was compared using RS and DI, with score cut-offs of 25 and 20, respectively.
Results
Among 838 patients, a strong correlation was observed between RS and DI (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.83). At a median follow-up of 54 months, patients with high DI had significantly worse DMFS compared to those with low DI (log-rank p < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] 5.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87–17.57; multivariable p=0.048, HR 3.45, 95% CI 1.01–11.76). In 513 patients aged ≤50 years, DMFS was significantly different as a function of DI (p=0.035, HR 3.98, 95% CI 1.00–15.89) but not RS (p=0.792). Among 376 patients aged ≤50 years who avoided chemotherapy based on low RS, 64 with high DI had worse DMFS (p=0.015, HR 5.91, 95% CI 1.17–29.78).
Conclusion
OncoFREE showed strong concordance with ODX and effectively identified high-risk patients, particularly in younger individuals. It could be an affordable alternative to ODX for guiding treatment in hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer.
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To Use or Not to Use: Temozolomide in Elderly Patients with IDH Wild-type MGMT Promoter Unmethylated Glioblastoma Treated with Radiotherapy
Chan Woo Wee, Joo Ho Lee, Hye In Lee, Jina Kim, Jong Hee Chang, Seok-Gu Kang, Eui Hyun Kim, Ju Hyung Moon, Jaeho Cho, Chul-Kee Park, Chae-Yong Kim, Kihwan Hwang, Hong In Yoon, In Ah Kim
Received September 27, 2024  Accepted November 9, 2024  Published online November 11, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.945    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
To identify a specific subgroup of patients among elderly glioblastoma patients aged 70 years or older with unmethylated MGMT promoters (eGBM-unmethylated) who would significantly benefit from the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to radiotherapy (RT).
Materials and Methods
Newly diagnosed patients with IDH wild-type eGBM-unmethylated treated with RT were included in this multicenter analysis (n=182). RT dose was 45 Gy in 15 fractions (62.3%), 60 Gy in 30 fractions, or 61.2 Gy in 34 fractions. For patients treated with RT plus TMZ (60.4%), TMZ was administered concurrently with RT, followed by six adjuvant cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival.
Results
During a median follow-up of 11.3 months for survivors, the median survival was 12.2 months. The median survival duration significantly improved with the addition of TMZ to RT compared with that with RT alone (13.6 months vs. 10.5 months, p=0.028). In the multivariable analysis adjusted for clinical, radiological, and genetic biomarkers, the addition of TMZ significantly improved overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.459; p=0.006). In subgroup analysis, median survival was especially improved by 4–5 months in patients with residual disease (p<0.001), Karnofsky Performance Status ≥60 (p=0.033), and age ≤75 years (p=0.090). A significant benefit of TMZ was noted only in patients with two or three of the above factors (median survival, 14.1 months vs. 10.5 months, p=0.014).
Conclusion
The addition of TMZ significantly improved the survival of patients with eGBM-unmethylated treated with RT. The suggested criteria for the specific subgroup in these patients warrant external validation for clinical application.
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Second-Line Fluoropyrimidine-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on Individual Patient-Level Data of Randomized Trials
Jaewon Hyung, Minsu Kang, Ilhwan Kim, Kyu-pyo Kim, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Jaekyung Cheon, Hyewon Ryu, Ji Sung Lee, Ji-Won Kim, In Sil Choi, Jin Hyun Park, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Jin Won Kim, Changhoon Yoo
Received July 16, 2024  Accepted October 15, 2024  Published online October 17, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.652    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
While fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens are recommended second-line treatment for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC), there have been no studies comparing different regimens head-to-head.
Materials and Methods
We performed individual patient-level meta-analysis based on data from the intention-to-treat population of the phase 2b NIFTY trial (liposomal irinotecan [nal-IRI] plus fluorouracil and leucovorin [5-FU/LV] vs. 5-FU/LV; NCT03542508) and the phase 2 FIReFOX trial (modified oxaliplatin plus 5-FU/LV [mFOLFOX] vs. modified irinotecan plus 5-FU/LV [mFOLFIRI]; NCT03464968). Pairwise log-rank tests and multivariable analysis using Cox proportional hazards modeling with shared frailty to account for the trial's effect were used to compare overall survival (OS) between regimens.
Results
A total of 277 patients were included. The nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV group (n=88) showed significantly better OS compared to the mFOLFOX group (n=49, pairwise log-rank, p=0.02), and mFOLFIRI group (n=50, p =0.03). Multivariable analysis showed consistent trends in OS with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.39 (mFOLFOX vs nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV, 95% CI 0.93-2.07, p=0.11) and 1.36 (mFOLFIRI vs nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV, 95% CI 0.92-2.03, p=0.13), respectively. Compared to the 5-FU/LV group, the mFOLFOX group and the mFOLFIRI group did not show differences in terms of OS (pairwise log-rank p=0.83 and p=0.58, respectively). The nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV group experienced more frequent diarrhea, while the mFOLFOX group experienced peripheral neuropathy.
Conclusion
Nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV showed favorable survival outcomes compared to mFOLFOX, mFOLFIRI, or 5-FU/LV. The safety profiles of these regimens should be considered along with efficacy.
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The Role of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Managing Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Patients
Ji Yun Lee, Ju-Hyun Lee, Woochan Park, Jeongmin Seo, Minsu Kang, Eun Hee Jung, Sang-A Kim, Koung Jin Suh, Ji-Won Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Jin Won Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Soo-Mee Bang
Received August 5, 2024  Accepted September 19, 2024  Published online September 20, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.738    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
Thrombosis and bleeding significantly affect morbidity and mortality in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in MPN patients remain uncertain.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a large, retrospective, nationwide cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database from 2010 to 2021.
Results
Out of the 368 MPN patients included in the final analysis, 62.8% were treated with DOACs for atrial fibrillation (AF), and 37.2% for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The AF group was statistically older with higher CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category [female]) scores compared to the VTE group. Antiplatelet agents were used in 51.1% of cases, and cytoreductive drugs in 79.3%, with hydroxyurea being the most common (64.9%). The median follow-up was 22.3 months, with 1-year cumulative incidence rates of thrombosis and bleeding at 11.1% and 3.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥ 3 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.48), concomitant antiplatelet use (HR, 2.57), and cytoreduction (HR, 2.20) as significant thrombosis risk factors but found no significant predictors for major bleeding.
Conclusion
Despite the limitations of retrospective data, DOAC treatment in MPN patients seems effective and has an acceptable bleeding risk.
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
Association of TP53 Mutation Status and Sex with Clinical Outcome in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Songji Choi, Se Hyun Kim, Sejoon Lee, Jeongmin Seo, Minsu Kang, Eun Hee Jung, Sang-A Kim, Koung Jin Suh, Ji Yun Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Jong Seok Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):70-82.   Published online August 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.046
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Some studies suggest that TP53 mutations are associated with the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and also contribute to sex disparities in several cancers. Thus, we hypothesized that TP53 mutations might serve as sex-dependent genomic biomarkers of ICI treatment response in patients with NSCLC.
Materials and Methods
Clinical data of 100 patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with ICI monotherapy at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) were retrospectively reviewed. Genomic and clinical datasets of The Cancer Genome Atlas and an ICI-treated lung cancer cohort (cBioPortal) were also analyzed.
Results
In SNUBH cohort, no statistically significant difference was observed in the median progression-free survival (PFS) according to TP53 mutation status (p=0.930); however, female patients with TP53 mutations (MT) had a significantly prolonged median PFS compared to wild-type (WT) (6.1 months in TP53 MT vs. 2.6 months in TP53 WT; p=0.021). Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) high (≥ 50%) expression was significantly enriched in female patients with TP53 MT (p=0.005). The analysis from publicly available dataset also revealed that females with NSCLC with TP53 MT showed significantly longer PFS than those with TP53 WT (p < 0.001). In The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis, expression of immune-related genes, and tumor mutation burden score in TP53 MT females were higher than in males without TP53 MT.
Conclusion
Female patients with NSCLC with TP53 mutations had high PD-L1 expression and showed favorable clinical outcomes following ICI therapy, suggesting a need for further research to explore the role of TP53 mutations for sex disparities in response to ICI therapy.
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Longitudinal Comparative Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA and Matched Tumor Tissue DNA in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Palliative First-Line Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy
Seung-been Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Hong-Geun Kim, Sung-Hyun Hwang, Kui-Jin Kim, Ju Hyun Lee, Jeongmin Seo, Minsu Kang, Eun Hee Jung, Koung Jin Suh, Se Hyun Kim, Jin Won Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, Nak-Jung Kwon, Keun-Wook Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1171-1182.   Published online April 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.016
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to compare tumor tissue DNA (ttDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to explore the clinical applicability of ctDNA and to better understand clonal evolution in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing palliative first-line systemic therapy.
Materials and Methods
We performed targeted sequencing analysis of 88 cancer-associated genes using germline DNA, ctDNA at baseline (baseline-ctDNA), and ctDNA at progressive disease (PD-ctDNA). The results were compared with ttDNA data.
Results
Among 208 consecutively enrolled patients, we selected 84 (41 males; median age, 59 years; range, 35 to 90 years) with all four sample types available. A total of 202 driver mutations were found in 34 genes. ttDNA exhibited the highest mutation frequency (n=232), followed by baseline-ctDNA (n=155) and PD-ctDNA (n=117). Sequencing ctDNA alongside ttDNA revealed additional mutations in 40 patients (47.6%). PD-ctDNA detected 13 novel mutations in 10 patients (11.9%) compared to ttDNA and baseline-ctDNA. Notably, seven mutations in five patients (6.0%) were missense or nonsense mutations in APC, TP53, SMAD4, and CDH1 genes. In baseline-ctDNA, higher maximal variant allele frequency (VAF) values (p=0.010) and higher VAF values of APC (p=0.012), TP53 (p=0.012), and KRAS (p=0.005) mutations were significantly associated with worse overall survival.
Conclusion
While ttDNA remains more sensitive than ctDNA, our ctDNA platform demonstrated validity and potential value when ttDNA was unavailable. Post-treatment analysis of PD-ctDNA unveiled new pathogenic mutations, signifying cancer’s clonal evolution. Additionally, baseline-ctDNA’s VAF values were prognostic after treatment.
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Case Report
Molecular and Treatment Characteristics of SMARCB1 or SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor: Retrospective Case Series
Hyeon Gyu Kang, Jiwon Koh, Tae Min Kim, Doo Hee Han, Tae-Bin Won, Dong-Wan Kim, Dong-Young Kim, Bhumsuk Keam
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):967-971.   Published online February 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1308
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
SMARCB1 or SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinoma or thoracic undifferentiated tumor has aggressive nature with a poor prognosis. Patients with this disease were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry or next-generation sequencing. Those who were able to receive a surgery tended to be cured, while the others treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immune checkpoint inhibitor were often insensitive to these therapies. However, one having CD274 (PD-L1) amplification showed the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor and a good prognosis. We believed that this report could provide promising information for determining the optimal treatment option.
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Original Articles
Gastrointestinal cancer
Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Gastric Cancer with Bone Metastasis
Sujin Oh, Soo Kyung Nam, Keun-Wook Lee, Hye Seung Lee, Yujun Park, Yoonjin Kwak, Kyu Sang Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Minsu Kang, Young Suk Park, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Yun-Suhk Suh, Do Joong Park, Hyung Ho Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):219-237.   Published online August 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.340
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Bone metastasis (BM) adversely affects the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). We investigated molecular features and immune microenvironment that characterize GC with BM compared to GC without BM.
Materials and Methods
Targeted DNA and whole transcriptome sequencing were performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues (gastrectomy specimens) of 50 GC cases with distant metastases (14 with BM and 36 without BM). In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mucin-12 and multiplex IHC for immune cell markers were performed.
Results
Most GC cases with BM had a histologic type of poorly cohesive carcinoma and showed worse overall survival (OS) than GC without BM (p < 0.05). GC with BM tended to have higher mutation rates in TP53, KDR, APC, KDM5A, and RHOA than GC without BM. Chief cell-enriched genes (PGA3, PGC, and LIPF), MUC12, MFSD4A, TSPAN7, and TRIM50 were upregulated in GC with BM compared to GC without BM, which was correlated with poor OS (p < 0.05). However, the expression of SERPINA6, SLC30A2, PMAIP1, and ITIH2 were downregulated in GC with BM. GC with BM was associated with PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway activation, whereas GC without BM showed the opposite effect. The densities of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells did not differ between the two groups, whereas the densities of macrophages were lower in GC with BM (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
GC with BM had different gene mutation and expression profiles than GC without BM, and had more genetic alterations associated with a poor prognosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Targeted Sequencing in Gastric Cancer: Association with Tumor Molecular Characteristics and FLOT Therapy Effectiveness
    Liudmila V. Spirina, Alexandra V. Avgustinovich, Olga V. Bakina, Sergey G. Afanas’ev, Maxim Yu. Volkov, Sergey V. Vtorushin, Irina V. Kovaleva, Tatyana S. Klyushina, Igor O. Munkuev
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(2): 1281.     CrossRef
  • SLC30A2-Mediated Zinc Metabolism Modulates Gastric Cancer Progression via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
    Fan Li, Xiaohong Zhang, Li Feng, Xingxing Zhang
    Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast: A case report and literature review
    Xi Cao, Yongchao Luo, Songjie Shen, Xinyu Ren
    Oncology Letters.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Circulating Tumor DNA Dynamics and Treatment Outcome of Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Dae-Won Lee, Yoojoo Lim, Hwang-Phill Kim, Su Yeon Kim, Hanseong Roh, Jun-Kyu Kang, Kyung‑Hun Lee, Min Jung Kim, Seung-Bum Ryoo, Ji Won Park, Seung-Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Sae-Won Han, Tae-You Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):927-938.   Published online March 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.268
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is emerging as a valuable non-invasive tool to identify tumor heterogeneity and tumor burden. This study investigated ctDNA dynamics in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with regorafenib.
Materials and Methods
In this prospective biomarker study, plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples obtained at baseline, at the first response evaluation after 2 cycles of treatment, and at the time of progressive disease were sequenced using a targeted next-generation sequencing platform which included 106 genes.
Results
A total of 285 blood samples from 110 patients were analyzed. Higher baseline cfDNA concentration was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). After 2 cycles of treatment, variant allele frequency (VAF) in the majority of ctDNA mutations decreased with a mean relative change of –31.6%. Decreases in the VAF of TP53, APC, TCF7L2, and ROS1 after 2 cycles of regorafenib were associated with longer PFS. We used the sum of VAF at each time point as a surrogate for the overall ctDNA burden. A reduction in sum (VAF) of ≥ 50% after 2 cycles was associated with longer PFS (6.1 vs. 2.7 months, p=0.002), OS (11.3 vs. 5.9 months, p=0.001), and higher disease control rate (86.3% vs. 51.1%, p < 0.001). VAF of the majority of the ctDNA mutations increased at the time of disease progression, and VAF of BRAF increased markedly.
Conclusion
Reduction in ctDNA burden as estimated by sum (VAF) could be used to predict treatment outcome of regorafenib.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
    Bingjun Liang, Ming Tang, Chao Huang, Yidian Yang, Yue He, Shengrong Liao, Weizeng Shen
    Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Adjuvant therapy for stage IIB + IIC melanoma
    Parisa Malekzadeh, Mary S. Brady
    Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024; 129(1): 91.     CrossRef
  • Variant allele frequency in circulating tumor DNA correlated with tumor disease burden and predicted outcomes in patients with advanced breast cancer
    Jianxin Zhong, Hanfang Jiang, Xiaoran Liu, Hao Liao, Feng Xie, Bin Shao, Shidong Jia, Huiping Li
    Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 204(3): 617.     CrossRef
  • Stage-Specific Plasma Metabolomic Profiles in Colorectal Cancer
    Tetsuo Ishizaki, Masahiro Sugimoto, Yu Kuboyama, Junichi Mazaki, Kenta Kasahara, Tomoya Tago, Ryutaro Udo, Kenichi Iwasaki, Yutaka Hayashi, Yuichi Nagakawa
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5202.     CrossRef
  • Nivolumab plus anlotinib hydrochloride in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the phase II OASIS trial
    Jing Wu, Shilong Zhang, Shan Yu, Guo An, Yi Wang, Yiyi Yu, Li Liang, Yan Wang, Xiaojing Xu, YanShi Xiong, Di Shao, Zhun Shi, Nannan Li, Jingyuan Wang, Dawei Jin, Tianshu Liu, Yuehong Cui
    Nature Communications.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mutational evolution after chemotherapy‐progression in metastatic colorectal cancer revealed by circulating tumor DNA analysis
    Sheehyun Kim, Yongjun Cha, Yoojoo Lim, Hanseong Roh, Jun‐Kyu Kang, Kyung‐Hun Lee, Min Jung Kim, Ji Won Park, Seung‐Bum Ryoo, Hwang‐Phill Kim, Seung‐Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, Sae‐Won Han, Tae‐You Kim
    International Journal of Cancer.2023; 153(3): 571.     CrossRef
  • A Phase II Exploratory Study to Identify Biomarkers Predictive of Clinical Response to Regorafenib in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Who Have Failed First-Line Therapy
    Karen Gambaro, Maud Marques, Suzan McNamara, Mathilde Couetoux du Tertre, Cyrla Hoffert, Archana Srivastava, Anna Schab, Thierry Alcindor, Adrian Langleben, Lucas Sideris, Mahmoud Abdelsalam, Mustapha Tehfe, Felix Couture, Gerald Batist, Petr Kavan
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 25(1): 43.     CrossRef
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Case Report
Efficacy of Olaparib in Treatment-Refractory, Metastatic Breast Cancer with Uncommon Somatic BRCA Mutations Detected in Circulating Tumor DNA
Jung-Ki Yoon, Jongseong Ahn, Sheehyun Kim, Hwang-Phil Kim, Jun-kyu Kang, Duhee Bang, Yoojoo Lim, Tae-You Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):1048-1052.   Published online January 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1529
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors have been shown dramatic responses in patients with BRCAness. However, clinical studies have been limited to breast cancer patients with germline mutations. Here, we describe a patient with metastatic breast cancer who had a rare BRCA1 somatic mutation (BRCA1 c.4336G>T (p.E1446*)) detected by cell-free DNA analysis after failing standard therapies. This tier III variant of unknown significance was predicted to be a pathogenic variant in our assessment, leading us to consider off-label treatment with olaparib. The patient responded well to olaparib for several months, with a decrease in allele frequency of this BRCA1 somatic mutation in cell-free DNA. Olaparib resistance subsequently developed with an increase in the allele frequency and new BRCA1 reversion mutations. To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming BRCA1 c.4336G>T (p.E1446*) as a mutation sensitive to olaparib in breast cancer and describing the dynamic changes in the associated mutations using liquid biopsy.

Citations

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  • Circulating tumor DNA validity and potential uses in metastatic breast cancer
    Ottavia Amato, Nefeli Giannopoulou, Michail Ignatiadis
    npj Breast Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • DNA damage targeted therapy for advanced breast cancer
    Vanessa Patel, Sandra Casimiro, Catarina Abreu, Tiago Barroso, Rita Teixeira de Sousa, Sofia Torres, Leonor Abreu Ribeiro, Gonçalo Nogueira-Costa, Helena Luna Pais, Conceição Pinto, Leila Costa, Luís Costa
    Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy.2024; 5(3): 678.     CrossRef
  • Practical Utility of Liquid Biopsies for Evaluating Genomic Alterations in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
    Seung-Hwan Jeong, Dongsoo Kyung, Hyeong Dong Yuk, Chang Wook Jeong, Wookjae Lee, Jung-Ki Yoon, Hwang-Phill Kim, Duhee Bang, Tae-You Kim, Yoojoo Lim, Cheol Kwak
    Cancers.2023; 15(10): 2847.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
CNS cancer
Influence of Concurrent and Adjuvant Temozolomide on Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Grade III Gliomas: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial (KNOG-1101 Study)
Grace S. Ahn, Kihwan Hwang, Tae Min Kim, Chul Kee Park, Jong Hee Chang, Tae-Young Jung, Jin Hee Kim, Do-Hyun Nam, Se-Hyuk Kim, Heon Yoo, Yong-Kil Hong, Eun-Young Kim, Dong-Eun Lee, Jungnam Joo, Yu Jung Kim, Gheeyoung Choe, Byung Se Choi, Seok-Gu Kang, Jeong Hoon Kim, Chae-Yong Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):396-405.   Published online July 6, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.393
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The KNOG-1101 study showed improved 2-year PFS with temozolomide during and after radiotherapy compared to radiotherapy alone for patients with anaplastic gliomas. This trial investigates the effect of concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Materials and Methods
In this randomized, open-label, phase II trial, 90 patients with World Health Organization grade III glioma were enrolled across multiple centers in South Korea between March 2012 to February 2015 and followed up through 2017. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and 20-item EORTC QLQ-Brain Neoplasm (QLQ-BN20) were used to compare HRQoL between patients assigned to concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide (arm A) and radiotherapy (RT) alone (arm B).
Results
Of the 90 patients in the study, 84 patients (93.3%) completed the baseline HRQoL questionnaire. Emotional functioning, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, constipation, appetite loss, diarrhea, seizures, itchy skin, drowsiness, hair loss, and bladder control were not affected by the addition of temozolomide. All other items did not differ significantly between arm A and arm B throughout treatment. Global health status particularly stayed consistent at the end of adjuvant temozolomide (p=0.47) and at the end of RT (p=0.33).
Conclusion
The addition of concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide did not show negative influence on HRQoL with improvement of progression-free survival for patients with anaplastic gliomas. The absence of systematic and clinically relevant changes in HRQoL suggests that an overall long-term net clinical benefit exists for concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Achievements of international rare cancers networks and consortia in the neuro-oncology field
    Vincenzo Di Nunno, Enrico Franceschi, Ahmed Idbaih
    Current Opinion in Oncology.2024; 36(6): 554.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and management of sleep disturbance in adults with primary brain tumours and their caregivers: a systematic review
    Jason A. Martin, Nicolas H. Hart, Natalie Bradford, Fiona Naumann, Mark B. Pinkham, Elizabeth P. Pinkham, Justin J. Holland
    Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2023; 162(1): 25.     CrossRef
  • Prolonged use of temozolomide leads to increased anxiety and decreased content of aggrecan and chondroitin sulfate in brain tissues of aged rats
    Anastasia Strokotova, Dmitry Sokolov, Olga Molodykh, Elena Koldysheva, Evgenii Kliver, Victor Ushakov, Maxim Politko, Nadezhda Mikhnevich, Galina Kazanskaya, Svetlana Aidagulova, Elvira Grigorieva
    Biomedical Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Lung Cancer
Clinical Significance of Acute Kidney Injury in Lung Cancer Patients
Semin Cho, Eunjeong Kang, Ji Eun Kim, U Kang, Hee Gyung Kang, Minsu Park, Kwangsoo Kim, Dong Ki Kim, Kwon Wook Joo, Yon Su Kim, Hyung-Jin Yoon, Hajeong Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1015-1023.   Published online January 18, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1010
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in cancer patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The incidence of AKI in lung cancer seems to be relatively higher compared with other solid organ malignancies, although its impact on patient outcomes remains unclear.
Materials and Methods
The patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer from 2004 to 2013 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The patients were categorized according to the presence and severity of AKI. We compared all-cause mortality and long-term renal outcome according to AKI stage.
Results
A total of 3,202 patients were included in the final analysis. AKI occurred in 1,783 (55.7%) patients during the follow-up period, with the majority having mild AKI stage 1 (75.8%). During the follow-up of 2.6±2.2 years, total 1,251 patients (53.7%) were died and 5-year survival rate was 46.9%. We found that both AKI development and severity were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients, even after adjustment for lung cancer-specific variables including the stage or pathological type. In addition, patients suffered from more severe AKI tend to encounter de novo chronic kidney disease development, worsening kidney function, and end-stage kidney disease progression.
Conclusion
In this study, more than half of the lung cancer patients experienced AKI during their diagnosis and treatment period. Moreover, AKI occurrence and more advanced AKI were associated with a higher mortality risk and adverse kidney outcomes.

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    Isabela Gonçalves Lima, Isabele Benck Usiro Cabral da Silva, Vitória Carpentieri Pípolo, Vinicius Daher Alvares Delfino, Paulo Roberto Bignardi
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    Feng Wu, Shiyuan Wang, Jialing Zhang, Peixin Wang, Aihua Zhang
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    Huijuan Qian, Si Li, Ziyun Hu
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    Chen Gao, Longkai Peng
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    Bhavna Bhasin-Chhabra, Abhilash Koratala
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    Rodríguez Doyágüez, M.P. Morán Magro, C.M. Durán López, P. Martínez Miguel
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Genitourinary Cancer
A Predictive Model Based on Bi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Parameters for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population
Tae Il Noh, Chang Wan Hyun, Ha Eun Kang, Hyun Jung Jin, Jong Hyun Tae, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Deuk Jae Sung, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Seok Ho Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1148-1155.   Published online December 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1068
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for the assessment of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in men, prior to prostate biopsies, based on bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) and clinical parameters.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 300 men with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] ≥ 4.0 ng/mL and/or abnormal findings in a digital rectal examination), who underwent bpMRI-ultrasound fusion transperineal targeted and systematic biopsies in the same session, at a Korean university hospital. Predictive models, based on Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems scores of bpMRI and clinical parameters, were developed to detect csPCa (intermediate/high grade [Gleason score ≥ 3+4]) and compared by analyzing the areas under the curves and decision curves.
Results
A predictive model defined by the combination of bpMRI and clinical parameters (age, PSA density) showed high discriminatory power (area under the curve, 0.861) and resulted in a significant net benefit on decision curve analysis. Applying a probability threshold of 7.5%, 21.6% of men could avoid unnecessary prostate biopsy, while only 1.0% of significant prostate cancers were missed.
Conclusion
This predictive model provided a reliable and measurable means of risk stratification of csPCa, with high discriminatory power and great net benefit. It could be a useful tool for clinical decision-making prior to prostate biopsies.

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    Tae Il Noh, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Seok Ho Kang
    Sexual Medicine.2022; 10(3): 1.     CrossRef
  • Comparative Analysis of PSA Density and an MRI-Based Predictive Model to Improve the Selection of Candidates for Prostate Biopsy
    Juan Morote, Angel Borque-Fernando, Marina Triquell, Anna Celma, Lucas Regis, Richard Mast, Inés M. de Torres, María E. Semidey, José M. Abascal, Pol Servian, Anna Santamaría, Jacques Planas, Luis M. Esteban, Enrique Trilla
    Cancers.2022; 14(10): 2374.     CrossRef
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Predictive Models for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
    Marina Triquell, Miriam Campistol, Ana Celma, Lucas Regis, Mercè Cuadras, Jacques Planas, Enrique Trilla, Juan Morote
    Cancers.2022; 14(19): 4747.     CrossRef
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Central nervous system
Survival, Prognostic Factors, and Volumetric Analysis of Extent of Resection for Anaplastic Gliomas
Je Beom Hong, Tae Hoon Roh, Seok-Gu Kang, Se Hoon Kim, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Sung Soo Ahn, Hye Jin Choi, Jaeho Cho, Chang-Ok Suh, Jong Hee Chang
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1041-1049.   Published online April 23, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.057
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The aim of this study is to evaluate the survival rate and prognostic factors of anaplastic gliomas according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification, including extent of resection (EOR) as measured by contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the T2-weighted MRI.
Materials and Methods
The records of 113 patients with anaplastic glioma who were newly diagnosed at our institute between 2000 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 62 cases (54.9%) of anaplastic astrocytoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type (AAw), 18 cases (16.0%) of anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, and 33 cases (29.2%) of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted.
Results
The median overall survival (OS) was 48.4 months in the whole anaplastic glioma group and 21.5 months in AAw group. In multivariate analysis, age, preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale score, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status, postoperative tumor volume, and EOR measured from the T2 MRI sequence were significant prognostic factors. The EOR cut-off point for OS measured in contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI and T2-weighted MRI were 99.96% and 85.64%, respectively.
Conclusions
We found that complete resection of the contrast-enhanced portion (99.96%) and more than 85.64% resection of the non-enhanced portion of the tumor have prognostic impacts on patient survival from anaplastic glioma.

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Diagnostic Accuracy and Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Ultrasound Fusion Transperineal Targeted and Template Systematic Prostate Biopsy Based on Bi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Tae Il Noh, Jong Hyun Tae, Hyung Keun Kim, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Deuk Jae Sung, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Seok Ho Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(3):714-721.   Published online February 10, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.716
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–ultrasound (US) fusion transperineal targeted biopsy (FTB) and fusion template systematic biopsy (FSB) for prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) (intermediate/high grade [Gleason score ≥ 3+4]) based on bi-parametric MRI (bpMRI).
Materials and methods
Retrospectively, we analyzed 300 patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (≥ 4.0 ng/mL) and/or abnormal findings in a digital rectal examination at the Korea University Hospital. All 300 men underwent bpMRI-US fusion transperineal FTB and FSB in the period from April 2017 to March 2019.
Results
PCas were detected in 158 of 300 men (52.7%), and the prevalence of csPCa was 34.0%. CsPCas were detected in 12 of 102 (11.8%) with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 3, 42 of 92 (45.7%) with PI-RADS 4, respectively; and 45 of 62 (72.6%) men with PI-RADS 5, respectively. BpMRI showed a sensitivity of 95.1% and negative predictive value of 89.6% for csPCa. FTB detected additional csPCa in 33 men (12.9%) compared to FSB. Compared to FTB, FSB detected additional csPCa in 10 men (3.9%).
Conclusion
BpMRI-US FTB and FSB improved detection of PCa and csPCa. The accuracy of bi-parametric MRI is comparable with that of multi-parametric MRI. Further, it is rapid, simpler, cheaper, and no side effects of contrast media. Therefore, it is expected that bpMRI-US transperineal FTB and FSB could be a good alternative to conventional US-guided transrectal biopsy, which is the current gold standard.

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  • Diagnostic performance of transperineal prostate targeted biopsy alone according to the PI-RADS score based on bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging
    Tae Il Noh, Ji Sung Shim, Seok Ho Kang, Jun Cheon, Sung Gu Kang
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Tae Il Noh, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Seok Ho Kang
    Sexual Medicine.2022; 10(3): 1.     CrossRef
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    Tae Il Noh, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Seok Ho Kang
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dong Chen, Yingjie Niu, Haitao Chen, Dequan Liu, Rong Guo, Nan Yao, Zhiyao Li, Xiaomao Luo, Hongyang Li, Shicong Tang
    Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Tae Il Noh, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Deuk Jae Sung, Jun Cheon, Ki Choon Sim, Seok Ho Kang
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Predictive Model Based on Bi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Parameters for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population
    Tae Il Noh, Chang Wan Hyun, Ha Eun Kang, Hyun Jung Jin, Jong Hyun Tae, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Deuk Jae Sung, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Seok Ho Kang
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(4): 1148.     CrossRef
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    Vlad Cristian Munteanu, Raluca Andrada Munteanu, Diana Gulei, Vlad Horia Schitcu, Bogdan Petrut, Ioana Berindan Neagoe, Patriciu Achimas Cadariu, Ioan Coman
    Diagnostics.2020; 10(10): 806.     CrossRef
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Concurrent and Adjuvant Temozolomide for Newly Diagnosed Grade III Gliomas without 1p/19q Co-deletion: A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 2 Study (KNOG-1101 Study)
Kihwan Hwang, Tae Min Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Jong Hee Chang, Tae-Young Jung, Jin Hee Kim, Do-Hyun Nam, Se-Hyuk Kim, Heon Yoo, Yong-Kil Hong, Eun-Young Kim, Dong-Eun Lee, Jungnam Joo, Yu Jung Kim, Gheeyoung Choe, Byung Se Choi, Seok-Gu Kang, Jeong Hoon Kim, Chae-Yong Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(2):505-515.   Published online October 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.421
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
We investigated the efficacy of temozolomide during and after radiotherapy in Korean adults with anaplastic gliomas without 1p/19q co-deletion.
Materials and Methods
This was a randomized, open-label, phase 2 study and notably the first multicenter trial for Korean grade III glioma patients. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older and had newly diagnosed non-co-deleted anaplastic glioma with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive radiotherapy alone (60 Gy in 30 fractions of 2 Gy) (control group, n=44) or to receive radiotherapy with concurrent temozolomide (75 mg/m2/day) followed by adjuvant temozolomide (150-200 mg/m2/day for 5 days during six 28-day cycles) (treatment group, n=40). The primary end-point was 2-year progression-free survival (PFS). Seventy patients (83.3%) were available for the analysis of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene (IDH1) mutation status.
Results
The two-year PFS was 42.2% in the treatment group and 37.2% in the control group. Overall survival (OS) did not reach to significant difference between the groups. In multivariable analysis, age was a significant risk factor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 4.16). The IDH1 mutation was the only significant prognostic factor for PFS (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.59) and OS (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.50). Adverse events over grade 3 were seen in 16 patients (40.0%) in the treatment group and were reversible.
Conclusion
Concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide in Korean adults with newly diagnosed non-co- deleted anaplastic gliomas showed improved 2-year PFS. The survival benefit of this regimen needs further analysis with long-term follow-up at least more than 10 years.

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    Jordina Rincon-Torroella, Maureen Rakovec, Anita L. Kalluri, Kelly Jiang, Carly Weber-Levine, Megan Parker, Divyaansh Raj, Josh Materi, Sadra Sepehri, Abel Ferres, Karisa C. Schreck, Iban Aldecoa, Calixto-Hope G. Lucas, Haris I. Sair, Kristin J. Redmond,
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    Rupesh Kotecha, David Schiff, Arnab Chakravarti, Jessica L. Fleming, Paul D. Brown, Vinay K. Puduvalli, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Vinai Gondi, Marco Gallus, Hideho Okada, Minesh P. Mehta
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    Nimish A Mohile, Hans Messersmith, Na Tosha N Gatson, Andreas F Hottinger, Andrew B Lassman, Jordan Morton, Douglas Ney, Phioanh Leia Nghiemphu, Adriana Olar, Jeffery Olson, James Perry, Jana Portnow, David Schiff, Anne Shannon, Helen A Shih, Roy Strowd,
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    Martin C. Tom, Michael T. Milano, Samuel T. Chao, Scott G. Soltys, Jonathan P.S. Knisely, Arjun Sahgal, Seema Nagpal, Simon S. Lo, Siavash Jabbari, Tony J.C. Wang, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Marian Simonson, Joshua D. Palmer, Melanie Hayden Gephart, Lia M. Hal
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  • Influence of Concurrent and Adjuvant Temozolomide on Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Grade III Gliomas: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial (KNOG-1101 Study)
    Grace S. Ahn, Kihwan Hwang, Tae Min Kim, Chul Kee Park, Jong Hee Chang, Tae-Young Jung, Jin Hee Kim, Do-Hyun Nam, Se-Hyuk Kim, Heon Yoo, Yong-Kil Hong, Eun-Young Kim, Dong-Eun Lee, Jungnam Joo, Yu Jung Kim, Gheeyoung Choe, Byung Se Choi, Seok-Gu Kang, Jeo
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    Qi Lin, Jia-Hao Bao, Fei Xue, Jia-Jun Qin, Zhen Chen, Zhong-Rong Chen, Chao Li, Yi-Xuan Yan, Jin Fu, Zhao-Li Shen, Xian-Zhen Chen
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Dummy Run of Quality Assurance Program before Prospective Study of Hippocampus-Sparing Whole-Brain Radiotherapy and Simultaneous Integrated Boost for Multiple Brain Metastases from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG) 17-06 Study
Eunah Chung, Jae Myoung Noh, Kyu Chan Lee, Jin Hee Kim, Weon Kuu Chung, Yang-Gun Suh, Jung Ae Lee, Ki Ho Seol, Hong Gyun Wu, Yeon Sil Kim, O Kyu Noh, Jae Won Park, Dong Soo Lee, Jihae Lee, Young Suk Kim, Woo-Yoon Park, Min Kyu Kang, Sunmi Jo, Yong Chan Ahn
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1001-1010.   Published online October 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.415
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Lung Cancer Subcommittee of Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG) has recently launched a prospective clinical trial (KROG 17-06) of hippocampus-sparing whole brain radiotherapy (HS-WBRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in treating multiple brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. In order to improve trial quality, dummy run studies among the participating institutions were designed. This work reported the results of two-step dummy run procedures of the KROG 17-06 study.
Materials and Methods
Two steps tested hippocampus contouring variability and radiation therapy planning compliance. In the first step, the variation of the hippocampus delineation was investigated for two representative cases using the Dice similarity coefficients. In the second step, the participating institutions were requested to generate a HS-WBRT with SIB treatment plan for another representative case. The compliance of the treatment plans to the planning protocol was evaluated.
Results
In the first step, the median Dice similarity coefficients of the hippocampus contours for two other dummy run cases changed from 0.669 (range, 0.073 to 0.712) to 0.690 (range, 0.522 to 0.750) and from 0.291 (range, 0.219 to 0.522) to 0.412 (range, 0.264 to 0.598) after providing the hippocampus contouring feedback. In the second step, with providing additional plan priority and extended dose constraints to the target volumes and normal structures, we observed the improved compliance of the treatment plans to the planning protocol.
Conclusion
The dummy run studies demonstrated the notable inter-institutional variability in delineating the hippocampus and treatment plan generation, which could be decreased through feedback from the trial center.

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    Chloe Brooks, Elizabeth Miles, Peter J Hoskin
    The Lancet Oncology.2024; 25(3): e104.     CrossRef
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    Sehhoon Park, Jae Myoung Noh, Yoon-La Choi, Sang Ah Chi, Kyunga Kim, Hyun Ae Jung, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn, Jong-Mu Sun
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    Zoé Schmal, Claudia E. Rübe
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    Jaehyeon Park, Jae Won Park, Ji Woon Yea
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Verification of Low Risk for Perihippocampal Recurrence in Patients with Brain Metastases Who Received Whole-Brain Radiotherapy with Hippocampal Avoidance
Youngkyong Kim, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee, Dae Gyu Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(2):568-575.   Published online July 16, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.206
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of failure and survival outcome in patients with brain metastases who received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with hippocampal avoidance (HA) using simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) on metastatic brain tumors.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 42 patients treated with HA-WBRT for brain metastases. A total of 25 Gy for whole brain and 35-55 Gy for gross tumors were delivered with 10 fractionations. Local tumor and intracranial progression were defined as a recurrence or tumor progression in SIB field and any recurrence or tumor progression within whole brain, respectively. Progression in HA zone was defined as the recurrence within the area expanded 5 mm from HA zone.
Results
Median follow-up duration was 10.0 months (range, 4.1 to 56.4 months). Intracranial progression was observed in 13 patients (31.0%) and the median duration from the start of HA-WBRT to progression was 10.6 months (range, 0.9 to 33.0 months). Local tumor progression and new metastasis outside SIB field occurred in 10 patients (23.8%) and nine patients (21.4%), respectively. There was no isolated hippocampal metastasis, except only one patient (2.4%) with multiple metastases inside and outside HA zone simultaneously. Median survival time and intracranial progression-free survival rate at 1 year were 19.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6 to 29.2) and 71.5%, respectively, and those for overall survival were 26.5 months (95% CI, 15.4 to 37.5) and 67.9%, respectively.
Conclusion
HA-WBRT was associated with low risk of new metastasis in HA region in the patients with brain metastases. These findings would serve as useful guidance on applying HA-WBRT in clinical practice.

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  • Incidence of hippocampal and perihippocampal brain metastases and impact on hippocampal-avoiding radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Shari Wiegreffe, Gustavo Renato Sarria, Julian Philipp Layer, Egon Dejonckheere, Younèss Nour, Frederic Carsten Schmeel, Frank Anton Giordano, Leonard Christopher Schmeel, Ilinca Popp, Anca-Ligia Grosu, Eleni Gkika, Cas Stefaan Dejonckheere
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  • Recommendation for the contouring of limbic system in patients receiving radiation treatment: A pictorial review for the everyday practice and education
    Claudia Sorce, Agnieszka Chalaszczyk, Francesca Rossi, Letizia Ferella, Gianmarco Grimaldi, Alessandra Splendiani, Domenico Genovesi, Francesco Marampon, Ester Orlandi, Alberto Iannalfi, Carlo Masciocchi, Giovanni Luca Gravina
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The Effect of Hospital Case Volume on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Analysis (KROG-1106)
Boram Ha, Kwan Ho Cho, Sung Ho Moon, Chang-Geol Lee, Ki Chang Keum, Yeon-Sil Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Jin Ho Kim, Yong Chan Ahn, Dongryul Oh, Jae Myoung Noh, Jong Hoon Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Won Taek Kim, Young-Taek Oh, Min Kyu Kang, Jin Hee Kim, Ji-Yoon Kim, Moon-June Cho, Chul Seoung Kay, Jin Hwa Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):12-23.   Published online February 5, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.273
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hospital case volume on clinical outcomes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
Materials and Methods
Data on 1,073 patients with cT1-4N0-3M0 NPC were collected from a multi-institutional retrospective database (KROG 11-06). All patients received definitive radiotherapy (RT) either with three-dimensional-conformal RT (3D-CRT) (n=576) or intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) (n=497). The patients were divided into two groups treated at high volume institution (HVI) (n=750) and low volume institution (LVI) (n=323), defined as patient volume ≥ 10 (median, 13; range, 10 to 18) and < 10 patients per year (median, 3; range, 2 to 6), respectively. Endpoints were overall survival (OS) and loco-regional progression-free survival (LRPFS).
Results
At a median follow-up of 56.7 months, the outcomes were significantly better in those treated at HVI than at LVI. For the 614 patients of propensity score-matched cohort, 5-year OS and LRPFS were consistently higher in the HVI group than in the LVI group (OS: 78.4% vs. 62.7%, p < 0.001; LRPFS: 86.2% vs. 65.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). According to RT modality, significant difference in 5-year OS was observed in patients receiving 3D-CRT (78.7% for HVI vs. 58.9% for LVI, p < 0.001) and not in those receiving IMRT (77.3% for HVI vs. 75.5% for LVI, p=0.170).
Conclusion
A significant relationship was observed between HVI and LVI for the clinical outcomes of patients with NPC. However, the difference in outcome becomes insignificant in the IMRT era, probably due to the standardization of practice by education.

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Case Report
Pembrolizumab for Refractory Metastatic Myxofibrosarcoma: A Case Report
Haa-Na Song, Min Gyu Kang, Jeong Rang Park, Jin-Yong Hwang, Jung Hun Kang, Won Seop Lee, Gyeong-Won Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(4):1458-1461.   Published online January 22, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.529
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Myxofibrosarcoma is a rare tumor, refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Pembrolizumab is an innovative immunotherapy drug consisting of programmed death receptor ligand 1 antibody proven to be useful for numerous types of cancer cells. A patient had been diagnosed with metastatic myxofibrosarcoma, refractory to radiotherapy and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. The patient achieved a partial response during palliative chemotherapy with pembrolizumab for 14 cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating the efficacy of pembrolizumab for refractory myxofibrosarcoma.

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Original Articles
The Clinical Utilization of Radiation Therapy in Korea between 2011 and 2015
Young-Seok Seo, Mi-Sook Kim, Jin-Kyu Kang, Won-Il Jang, Hee Jin Kim, Chul Koo Cho, Hyung Jun Yoo, Eun Kyung Paik, Yu Jin Cha, Jae Sun Yoon
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(2):345-355.   Published online April 25, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.096
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to estimate the clinical utilization of radiation therapy (RT) in Korea between 2011 and 2015.
Materials and Methods
We analyzed the claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service to estimate the clinical utilization of RT. The source population consisted of all patients who had any of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision cancer diagnoses (C00-C97) and those with diagnostic codes D00-D48, who were also associated with at least one of the procedure codes related to RT.
Results
The total number of patients who received RT in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 were 54,810, 59,435, 61,839, 64,062, and 66,183, respectively. Among them, the total numbers of male and female patients were 24,946/29,864 in 2011, 27,211/32,224 in 2012, 28,111/33,728 in 2013, 29,312/34,750 in 2014, and 30,266/35,917 in 2015. The utilization rate of RT in cancer patients has also increased steadily over the same period from 25% to 30%. The five cancers that were most frequently treated with RT between 2011 and 2012 were breast, lung, colorectal, liver, and uterine cervical cancers. However, the fifth most common cancer treated with RT that replaced uterine cervical cancer in 2013 was prostate cancer. More than half of cancer patients (64%) were treated with RT in the capital area (Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon).
Conclusion
The total number of patients who underwent RT increased steadily from 2011 to 2015 in Korea. The utilization rate of RT in cancer patients is also increasing.

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Identification of Diverse Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA Editing Subtypes in Colorectal Cancer
Si-Hyun Lee, Hwang-Phill Kim, Jun-Kyu Kang, Sang-Hyun Song, Sae-Won Han, Tae-You Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(4):1077-1087.   Published online January 25, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.301
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
RNA editing generates protein diversity by altering RNA sequences in coding regions without changing the overall DNA sequence. Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing events have recently been reported in some types of cancer, but they are rare in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, this study was conducted to identify diverse RNA editing in CRC.
Materials and Methods
We compared transcriptome data of 39 CRC samples and paired adjacent tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas database to identify RNA editing patterns in CRC, focusing on canonical A-to-I RNA edits in coding sequence regions. We investigated nonsynonymous RNA editing patterns by comparing tumor and normal tissue transcriptome data.
Results
The number of RNA edits varied from 12 to 42 per sample. We also observed that hypoand hyper-RNA editing patterns were distinguishable within the samples. We found 10 recurrent nonsynonymous RNA editing candidates in nine genes (PDLIM, NEIL1, SRP9, GLI1, APMAP, IGFBP7, ZNF358, COPA, and ZNF587B) and validated some by Sanger sequencing and the inosine chemical erasing assay. We further showed that editing at these positions was performed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 enzyme. Most of these genes are hypoedited in CRC, but editing of GLI1 was increased in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues.
Conclusion
Our results show that nonsynonymous RNA editing patterns can be used to identify CRC patients and could serve as novel biomarkers for CRC.

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Effects of Postoperative Radiotherapy on Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis or Dural Metastasis after Resection of Brain Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients
Boram Ha, Seung Yeun Chung, Yeon-Joo Kim, Ho-Shin Gwak, Jong Hee Chang, Sang Hyun Lee, In Hae Park, Keun Seok Lee, Seeyoun Lee, Tae Hyun Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Seok-Gu Kang, Chang-Ok Suh
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(3):748-758.   Published online October 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.303
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
In this retrospective study, we compared the incidence of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis or dural metastasis (LMCDM) in patients who received whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), partial radiotherapy (PRT), or no radiotherapy (RT) following resection of brain metastases from breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
Fifty-one patients with breast cancer underwent surgical resection for newly diagnosed brain metastases in two institutions between March 2001 and March 2015. Among these, 34 received postoperative WBRT (n=24) or PRT (n=10) and 17 did not.
Results
With a median follow-up of 12.4 months (range, 2.3 to 83.6 months), 22/51 patients developed LMCDM at a median of 8.6 months (range, 4.8 to 51.2 months) after surgery. The 18-months LMCDM-free survival (LMCDM-FS) rates were 77.5%, 30.0%, and 13.6%, in the WBRT, PRT, and no RT groups, respectively (p=0.013). The presence of a tumor adjacent to cerebrospinal fluid flow and no systemic treatment after treatment for brain metastases were also associated with poor LMCDM-FS rate. Multivariate analysis showed that WBRT compared to PRT (p=0.009) and systemic treatment (p < 0.001) were independently associated with reduced incidence of LMCDM.
Conclusion
WBRT improved LMCDM-FS rate after resection of brain metastases compared to PRT in breast cancer patients.

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Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy with Temozolomide Followed by Adjuvant Temozolomide for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients: A Retrospective Multicenter Observation Study in Korea
Byung Sup Kim, Ho Jun Seol, Do-Hyun Nam, Chul-Kee Park, Il Han Kim, Tae Min Kim, Jeong Hoon Kim, Young Hyun Cho, Sang Min Yoon, Jong Hee Chang, Seok-Gu Kang, Eui Hyun Kim, Chang-Ok Suh, Tae-Young Jung, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Chae-Yong Kim, In Ah Kim, Chang-Ki Hong, Heon Yoo, Jin Hee Kim, Shin-Hyuk Kang, Min Kyu Kang, Eun-Young Kim, Sun-Hwan Kim, Dong-Sup Chung, Sun-Chul Hwang, Joon-Ho Song, Sung Jin Cho, Sun-Il Lee, Youn-Soo Lee, Kook-Jin Ahn, Se Hoon Kim, Do Hun Lim, Ho-Shin Gwak, Se-Hoon Lee, Yong-Kil Hong
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):193-203.   Published online June 27, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.473
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and survival benefits of combined treatment with radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) in a Korean sample.
Materials and Methods
A total of 750 Korean patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma multiforme, who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy with TMZ (CCRT) and adjuvant TMZ from January 2006 until June 2011, were analyzed retrospectively.
Results
After the first operation, a gross total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR), partial resection (PR), biopsy alone were achieved in 388 (51.7%), 159 (21.2%), 96 (12.8%), and 107 (14.3%) patients,respectively. The methylation status of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was reviewed retrospectively in 217 patients. The median follow-up period was 16.3 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 17.5 months. The actuarial survival rates at the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 72.1%, 21.0%, and 9.0%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.1 months, and the actuarial PFS at 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS were 42.2%, 13.0%, and 7.8%, respectively. The patients who received GTR showed a significantly longer OS and PFS than those who received STR, PR, or biopsy alone, regardless of the methylation status of the MGMT promoter. Patients with a methylated MGMT promoter also showed a significantly longer OS and PFS than those with an unmethylated MGMT promoter. Patients who received more than six cycles of adjuvant TMZ had a longer OS and PFS than those who received six or fewer cycles. Hematologic toxicity of grade 3 or 4 was observed in 8.4% of patients during the CCRT period and in 10.2% during the adjuvant TMZ period.
Conclusion
Patients treated with CCRT followed by adjuvant TMZ had more favorable survival rates and tolerable toxicity than those who did not undergo this treatment.

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Poor Preoperative Glycemic Control Is Associated with Dismal Prognosis after Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Korean Multicenter Study
Sung Gu Kang, Eu Chang Hwang, Seung Il Jung, Ho Song Yu, Ho Seok Chung, Taek Won Kang, Dong Deuk Kwon, Jun Eul Hwang, Jun Seok Kim, Joon Hwa Noh, Jae Hyung You, Myung Ki Kim, Tae Hoon Oh, Ill Young Seo, Seung Baik, Chul-Sung Kim, Seok Ho Kang, Jun Cheon
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(4):1293-1301.   Published online March 23, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.021
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) and preoperative glycemic control on prognosis in Korean patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Materials and Methods A total of 566 patients who underwent RNU at six institutions between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the association between DM, preoperative glycemic control, and recurrence-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival.
Results
The median follow-up period was 33.8 months (interquartile range, 41.4 months). A total of 135 patients (23.8%) had DM and 67 patients (11.8%) had poor preoperative glycemic control. Patients with poor preoperative glycemic control had significantly shorter median recurrence-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival than patients with good preoperative glycemic control and non-diabetics (all, p=0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, DM with poor preoperative glycemic control showed association with worse recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 3.90; p=0.003), cancer-specific survival (HR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.80 to 4.87; p=0.001), and overall survival (HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.40 to 3.22; p=0.001). Conclusion Diabetic UTUC patients with poor preoperative glycemic control had significantly worse oncologic outcomes than diabetic UTUC patients with good preoperative glycemic control and non-diabetics. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism underlying the impact of glycemic control on UTUC treatment outcome.

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Erratum
ERRATUM: Role of Chemotherapy in Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with Curative Radiotherapy
Min Kyu Kang, Dongryul Oh, Kwan Ho Cho, Sung Ho Moon, Hong-Gyun Wu, Dae-Seog Heo, Yong Chan Ahn, Keunchil Park, Hyo Jung Park, Jun Su Park, Ki Chang Keum, Jihye Cha, Jun Won Kim, Yeon-Sil Kim, Jin Hyoung Kang, Young-Taek Oh, Ji-Yoon Kim, Sung Hwan Kim, Jin-Hee Kim, Chang Geol Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):425-425.   Published online January 10, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.141.2
Corrects: Cancer Res Treat 2015;47(4):871
PDFPubReaderePub
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Original Articles
The Clinical Status of Radiation Therapy in Korea in 2009 and 2013
Jin-Kyu Kang, Mi-Sook Kim, Won-Il Jang, Hee Jin Kim, Chul Koo Cho, Hyung Jun Yoo, Young Seok Seo, Eun Kyung Paik, Yu Jin Cha
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(3):892-898.   Published online December 14, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.370
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to estimate the clinical status of radiation therapy (RT) in Korea.
Materials and Methods
We analyzed open claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). The subjects were patients with malignant neoplasms who had procedure codes concerning RT in 2009 and 2013.
Results
The total numbers of patients who underwent RT in 2009 and 2013 were 42,483 and 56,850, respectively. The numbers of men and women were 20,012 and 22,471 in 2009 and 26,936 and 29,914 in 2013, respectively. The five most frequent RT sites were metastatic, breast, gastrointestinal, thoracic, and gynecologic cancers in 2009, and metastatic, breast, gastrointestinal, thoracic and head and neck cancers in 2013. The three leading types of cancer among men were metastatic, gastrointestinal, and thoracic, and breast, metastatic, and gynecologic among women. According to age, the most common treatment site was the central nervous system for those aged 20 years or less, the breast for those in their 30s to 50s, and metastatic sites for those in their 60s or older.
Conclusion
Data from this study provide an overview of the clinical status of RT in Korea.

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Setup Error and Effectiveness of Weekly Image-Guided Radiation Therapy of TomoDirect for Early Breast Cancer
Mi Joo Chung, Guk Jin Lee, Young Jin Suh, Hyo Chun Lee, Sea-Won Lee, Songmi Jeong, Jeong Won Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Dae Gyu Kang, Jong Hoon Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):774-780.   Published online February 13, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.189
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study investigated setup error and effectiveness of weekly image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) of TomoDirect for early breast cancer. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty-one breasts of 147 consecutive patients who underwent breast conserving surgery followed by whole breast irradiation using TomoDirect in 2012 and 2013 were evaluated. All patients received weekly IGRT. The weekly setup errors from simulation to each treatment in reference to chest wall and surgical clips were measured. Random, systemic, and 3-dimensional setup errors were assessed. Extensive setup error was defined as 5 mm above the margin in any directions.
Results
All mean errors were within 3 mm of all directions. The mean angle of gantry shifts was 0.6°. The mean value of absolute 3-dimensional setup error was 4.67 mm. In multivariate analysis, breast size (odds ratio, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 7.90) was a significant factor for extensive error. The largest significant deviation of setup error was observed in the first week of radiotherapy (p < 0.001) and the deviations gradually decreased with time. The deviation of setup error was 5.68 mm in the first week and within 5 mm after the second week. Conclusion In this study, there was a significant association between breast size and significant setup error in breast cancer patients who received TomoDirect. The largest deviation occurred in the first week of treatment. Therefore, patients with large breasts should be closely observed on every fraction and fastidious attention is required in the first fraction of IGRT.

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    Xiao-Rong Xu, Chuan-Hong Luo, Bo Cao, Run-Chun Xu, Fang Wang, Xi-Chuan Wei, Ting Zhang, Li Han, Ding-Kun Zhang
    Molecules.2019; 24(21): 3949.     CrossRef
  • Xihuang pill promotes apoptosis of Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment in 4T1 mouse breast cancer by upregulating MEKK1/SEK1/JNK1/AP-1 pathway
    Liang Su, Yiming Jiang, Yu Xu, Xinye Li, Wenbin Gao, Chunwei Xu, Changqian Zeng, Jie Song, Wencai Weng, Wenbo Liang
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2018; 102: 1111.     CrossRef
  • The Antitumor Effect of Xihuang Pill on Treg Cells Decreased in Tumor Microenvironment of 4T1 Breast Tumor‐Bearing Mice by PI3K/AKT~AP‐1 Signaling Pathway
    Xin-ye Li, Liang Su, Yi-ming Jiang, Wen-bin Gao, Chun-wei Xu, Chang-qian Zeng, Jie Song, Yu Xu, Wen-cai Weng, Wen-bo Liang, Jian-Li Gao
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Setup errors and effectiveness of Optical Laser 3D Surface imaging system (Sentinel) in postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer
    Xiaobo Wei, Mengjiao Liu, Yun Ding, Qilin Li, Changhai Cheng, Xian Zong, Wenming Yin, Jie Chen, Wendong Gu
    Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mariana Bernardes, Clarissa Trzesniak, Patricia Trbovich, Carlos Henrique Pereira Mello
    Safety Science.2018; 109: 270.     CrossRef
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    Jang‐Chun Lin, Jo‐Ting Tsai, Yu‐Ching Chou, Ming‐Hsien Li, Wei‐Hsiu Liu
    Cancer Medicine.2018; 7(8): 3622.     CrossRef
  • A topology-based method to mitigate the dosimetric uncertainty caused by the positional variation of the boost volume in breast conservative radiotherapy
    Peng-Yi Lee, Chih-Yuan Lin, Shang-Wen Chen, Chun-Ru Chien, Chun-Nan Chu, Hsiu-Ting Hsu, Ji-An Liang, Ying-Jun Lin, An-Cheng Shiau
    Radiation Oncology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Setup deviations for whole-breast radiotherapy with TomoDirect: A comparison of weekly and biweekly image-guided protocols
    Jae Hong Jung, Joo-Young Jung, Sun Hyun Bae, Seong Kwon Moon, Kwang Hwan Cho
    Journal of the Korean Physical Society.2016; 69(7): 1247.     CrossRef
  • Displacement of Surgical Clips during Postoperative Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Breast-Conserving Surgery
    SooYoon Sung, Joo Hwan Lee, Jong Hoon Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Yoo-Kang Kwak, Sea-Won Lee, Ye Won Jeon, Young Jin Suh
    Journal of Breast Cancer.2016; 19(4): 417.     CrossRef
  • Review on the Applications and Molecular Mechanisms ofXihuangPill in Tumor Treatment
    Qiujun Guo, Jinyin Lin, Rui Liu, Yebo Gao, Shulin He, Xinyao Xu, Baojin Hua, Conghuang Li, Wei Hou, Honggang Zheng, Yanju Bao
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2015; 2015: 1.     CrossRef
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Role of Chemotherapy in Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with Curative Radiotherapy
Min Kyu Kang, Dongryul Oh, Kwan Ho Cho, Sung Ho Moon, Hong-Gyun Wu, Dae-Seog Heo, Yong Chan Ahn, Keunchil Park, Hyo Jung Park, Jun Su Park, Ki Chang Keum, Jihye Cha, Jun Won Kim, Yeon-Sil Kim, Jin Hyoung Kang, Young-Taek Oh, Ji-Yoon Kim, Sung Hwan Kim, Jin-Hee Kim, Chang Geol Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):871-878.   Published online February 13, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.141
Correction in: Cancer Res Treat 2016;48(1):425
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
To define the role of neoadjuvant and concurrent chemotherapy in stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we compared the treatment outcomes of patients treated with curative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Materials and Methods From 2004 to 2011, 138 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 2002 stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with curative radiotherapy in 12 hospitals in South Korea. Treatment methods included radiotherapy alone in 34 patients, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy alone in seven, concurrent chemoradiotherapy in 80, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in 17. Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in 42 patients. Total radiation dose ranged from 64 Gy to 74.2 Gy (median, 70 Gy).
Results
Median follow-up was 48 months (range, 7 to 97 months) for all patients. At the last followup, 13 patients had died and 32 had experienced treatment failure; locoregional failure occurred in 14, distant failure in 16, and both in two. Five-year locoregional relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 86.2%, 85.5%, 74.4%, and 88.2%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that the significant prognostic factors were concurrent chemotherapy and N stage for locoregional relapse-free survival, concurrent chemotherapy for progression-free survival, and age and N stage for overall survival. Neither neoadjuvant nor concurrent chemotherapy improved distant metastasis-free survival. Conclusion Concurrent chemotherapy significantly improved 5-year locoregional relapse-free survival and progression-free survival in stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy failed to improve either.

Citations

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  • Concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in older patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma after intensity-modulated radiotherapy: A propensity score-matched cohort study
    Fang Wang, Lu Zhou, Li-Jun Zhang, Chang-Bin Xie, Zhi-Wei Liao, Xiao-Dan Lin, Yue-Feng Wen
    Radiotherapy and Oncology.2024; 191: 110081.     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Comparing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy With Radiotherapy Alone in the Treatment of Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
    Yao-Can Xu, Kai-Hua Chen, Zhong-Guo Liang, Xiao-Dong Zhu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • MRI-identified multidimensional nodal features predict survival and concurrent chemotherapy benefit for stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Yang Liu, Jianghu Zhang, Jingbo Wang, Runye Wu, Xiaodong Huang, Kai Wang, Yuan Qu, Xuesong Chen, Yexiong Li, Ye Zhang, Junlin Yi
    Radiology and Oncology.2022; 56(4): 479.     CrossRef
  • The efficacy of chemotherapy in survival of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Xin-Bin Pan, Ling Li, Song Qu, Long Chen, Shi-Xiong Liang, Xiao-Dong Zhu
    Oral Oncology.2020; 101: 104520.     CrossRef
  • Survival of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with or without concurrent chemotherapy: A propensity score matching study
    Di‐Han Liu, Xiao‐Yu Zhou, You‐Guang Pan, Si Chen, Zheng‐Hao Ye, Gang‐Dong Chen
    Cancer Medicine.2020; 9(4): 1287.     CrossRef
  • Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy With or Without Induction Chemotherapy for Patients with Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Update
    Ting Jin, Qun Zhang, Dong-Hua Luo, Feng Jiang, Qi-Feng Jin, Yuan-Yuan Chen, Xiao-Zhong Chen, Wei-Min Mao
    Translational Oncology.2020; 13(1): 25.     CrossRef
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    Xin-Bin Pan, Shi-Ting Huang, Kai-Hua Chen, Yan-Ming Jiang, Xiao-Dong Zhu
    Medicine.2019; 98(7): e14512.     CrossRef
  • The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Retrospective analysis of the national cancer database
    Zaheer Ahmed, Lara Kujtan, Kevin Kennedy, Valerie Wood, David Schomas, Janakiraman Subramanian
    Cancer Medicine.2019; 8(4): 1500.     CrossRef
  • Patterns of Failure and Survival Trends in 3,808 Patients with Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosed from 1990 to 2012: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study
    Xue-Song Sun, Di-Han Liu, Sai-Lan Liu, Qiu-Yan Chen, Shan-Shan Guo, Yue-Feng Wen, Li-Ting Liu, Hao-Jun Xie, Qing-Nan Tang, Yu-Jing Liang, Xiao-Yun Li, Jin-Jie Yan, Ming-Huang Hong, Jun Ma, Lin-Quan Tang, Hai-Qiang Mai
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2019; 51(4): 1449.     CrossRef
  • Combined chemoradiation vs radiation therapy alone in stage-II nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis of the published literature
    Sufang Wang, Shan Li, Liangfang Shen
    Current Problems in Cancer.2018; 42(3): 302.     CrossRef
  • The efficacy of induction chemotherapy in the treatment of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma in intensity modulated radiotherapy era
    Pei-Jing Li, Hao-Yuan Mo, Dong-Hua Luo, Wei-Han Hu, Ting Jin
    Oral Oncology.2018; 85: 95.     CrossRef
  • Concurrent chemoradiotherapy degrades the quality of life of patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma as compared to radiotherapy
    Xin-Bin Pan, Shi-Ting Huang, Kai-Hua Chen, Yan-Ming Jiang, Jia-Lin Ma, Song Qu, Ling Li, Long Chen, Xiao-Dong Zhu
    Oncotarget.2017; 8(8): 14029.     CrossRef
  • Chemotherapy use and survival in stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Xin-Bin Pan, Shi-Ting Huang, Kai-Hua Chen, Xiao-Dong Zhu
    Oncotarget.2017; 8(60): 102573.     CrossRef
  • Long-term survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with Stage II in intensity-modulated radiation therapy era
    Qiaojuan Guo, Tianzhu Lu, Shaojun Lin, Jingfeng Zong, Zhuhong Chen, Xiaofei Cui, Yu Zhang, Jianji Pan
    Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2016; 46(3): 241.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the efficacy between concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy alone for stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Kai-Hua Chen, Xiao-Dong Zhu, Ling Li, Song Qu, Zhen-Qiang Liang, Xia Liang, Xin-Bin Pan, Zhong-Guo Liang, Yan-Ming Jiang
    Oncotarget.2016; 7(42): 69041.     CrossRef
  • Propensity score matching analysis of cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy in low risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy era
    Lu-Ning Zhang, Yuan-Hong Gao, Xiao-Wen Lan, Jie Tang, Zhen Su, Jun Ma, Wuguo Deng, Pu-Yun OuYang, Fang-Yun Xie
    Oncotarget.2015; 6(41): 44019.     CrossRef
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Modified MVAC as a Second-Line Treatment for Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma after Failure of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Treatment
Jung Hyun Lee, Sung Gu Kang, Seung Tae Kim, Seok Ho Kang, In Keun Choi, Young Je Park, Sang Chul Oh, Deuk Jae Sung, Jae Hong Seo, Jun Cheon, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Kyong Hwa Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(2):172-177.   Published online April 15, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.2.172
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

There is no established standard second-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) who failed gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy. This study was conducted in order to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of modified methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) in patients with metastatic UC previously treated with GC.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 28 patients who received modified MVAC between November 2004 and November 2012. All patients failed prior, first-line GC chemotherapy.

Results

The median age of patients was 64.0 years (range, 33.0 to 77.0 years), and 23 (82.1%) patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. The overall response rate and the disease control rate were 36.0% and 64.0%, respectively. After a median follow-up period of 38 weeks (range, 5 to 182 weeks), median progression free survival was 21.0 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3 to 35.7 weeks) and median overall survival was 49.0 weeks (95% CI, 18.8 to 79.3 weeks). Grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities included neutropenia (n=21, 75.0%) and anemia (n=9, 32.1%). Grade 3 or 4 non-hematological toxicities did not occur and there was no treatment-related death.

Conclusion

Modified MVAC appears to be a safe and active chemotherapy regimen in patients with stable physical status and adequate renal function after GC treatment.

Citations

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  • Chronological transition in outcome of second-line treatment in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer after pembrolizumab approval: a multicenter retrospective analysis
    Teruki Isobe, Taku Naiki, Yosuke Sugiyama, Aya Naiki-Ito, Takashi Nagai, Toshiki Etani, Satoshi Nozaki, Keitaro Iida, Yusuke Noda, Nobuhiko Shimizu, Nami Tomiyama, Rika Banno, Hiroki Kubota, Shuzo Hamamoto, Ryosuke Ando, Noriyasu Kawai, Takahiro Yasui
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    Axel S. Merseburger, Andrea B. Apolo, Simon Chowdhury, Noah M. Hahn, Matthew D. Galsky, Matthew I. Milowsky, Daniel Petrylak, Tom Powles, David I. Quinn, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Guru Sonpavde, Cora N. Sternberg
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    Lukas Barwitz, Anne Berger, Stefanie Zschaebitz, Max Jenzer, Cathleen Nientiedt, Stefan Duensing, Dirk Jäger, Dogu Teber, Markus Hohenfellner, Carsten Grüllich
    The Open Urology & Nephrology Journal.2017; 10(1): 52.     CrossRef
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    Jennifer A. Locke, Gregory Russell Pond, Guru Sonpavde, Andrea Necchi, Patrizia Giannatempo, Ravi Kumar Paluri, Guenter Niegisch, Peter Albers, Carlo Buonerba, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Ulka N. Vaishampayan, Scott A. North, Neeraj Agarwal, Syed A. Hussain, Sum
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    Christoph Oing, Michael Rink, Karin Oechsle, Christoph Seidel, Gunhild von Amsberg, Carsten Bokemeyer
    Journal of Urology.2016; 195(2): 254.     CrossRef
  • Predicting the response of patients with advanced urothelial cancer to methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, and cisplatin (MVAC) after the failure of gemcitabine and platinum (GP)
    Ki Hong Kim, Sung Joon Hong, Kyung Seok Han
    BMC Cancer.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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