Cancer Research and Treatment

Erratum

ERRATUM: Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing and the Molecular Tumor Board for Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Report from KSMO and KCSG Precision Medicine Networking Group: Shinkyo Yoon, Miso Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Han Sang Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jihun Kim, Hongseok Yun, Changhoon Yoo, Hee Kyung Ahn, Hyo Song Kim, In Hee Lee, In-Ho Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Jaekyung Cheon, Jin Won Kim, Jina Yun, Sun Min Lim, Yongjun Cha, Se Jin Jang, Dae Young Zang, Tae Won Kim, Jin Hyoung Kang, Jee Hyun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):1061-1061. Published online April 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1115.E; Corrects: Cancer Res Treat 2022;54(1):1

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Original Article

Gastrointestinal cancer

A Phase II Study of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy with Capecitabine Plus Simvastatin in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Hyunji Jo, Seung Tae Kim, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Jeong Il Yu, Hee Chul Park, Doo Ho Choi, Yoonah Park, Yong Beom Cho, Jung Wook Huh, Seong Hyeon Yun, Hee Cheol Kim, Woo Yong Lee, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):189-195. Published online June 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1527

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Purpose
The purpose of this phase II trial was to evaluate whether the addition of simvastatin, a synthetic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with capecitabine confers a clinical benefit to patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).
Materials and Methods
Patients with LARC (defined by clinical stage T3/4 and/or lymph node positivity) received preoperative radiation (45-50.4 Gy in 25-28 daily fractions) with concomitant capecitabine (825 mg/m2 twice per day) and simvastatin (80 mg, daily). Curative surgery was planned 4-8 weeks after completion of the CRT regimen. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR). The secondary endpoints included sphincter-sparing surgery, R0 resection, disease-free survival, overall survival, the pattern of failure, and toxicity.
Results
Between October 2014 and July 2017, 61 patients were enrolled; 53 patients completed CRT regimen and underwent total mesorectal excision. The pCR rate was 18.9% (n=10) by per-protocol analysis. Sphincter-sparing surgery was performed in 51 patients (96.2%). R0 resection was achieved in 51 patients (96.2%). One patient experienced grade 3 liver enzyme elevation. No patient experienced additional toxicity caused by simvastatin.
Conclusion
The combination of 80 mg simvastatin with CRT and capecitabine did not improve pCR in patients with LARC, although it did not increase toxicity.

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Effects of Hyperlipidemia on Osseointegration of Dental Implants and Its Strategies
Haiyang Sun, Shuhuai Meng, Junyu Chen, Qianbing Wan
Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2023; 14(4): 194. CrossRef

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Special Article

Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing and the Molecular Tumor Board for Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Report from KSMO and KCSG Precision Medicine Networking Group: Shinkyo Yoon, Miso Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Han Sang Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jihun Kim, Hongseok Yun, Changhoon Yoo, Hee Kyung Ahn, Hyo Song Kim, In Hee Lee, In-Ho Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Jaekyung Cheon, Jin Won Kim, Jina Yun, Sun Min Lim, Yongjun Cha, Se Jin Jang, Dae Young Zang, Tae Won Kim, Jin Hyoung Kang, Jee Hyun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):1-9. Published online December 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1115; Correction in: Cancer Res Treat 2023;55(3):1061

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Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming essential in the fields of precision oncology. With implementation of NGS in daily clinic, the needs for continued education, facilitated interpretation of NGS results and optimal treatment delivery based on NGS results have been addressed. Molecular tumor board (MTB) is multidisciplinary approach to keep pace with the growing knowledge of complex molecular alterations in patients with advanced solid cancer. Although guidelines for NGS use and MTB have been developed in western countries, there is limitation for reflection of Korea’s public health environment and daily clinical practice. These recommendations provide a critical guidance from NGS panel testing to final treatment decision based on MTB discussion.

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Pragmatic nationwide master observational trial based on genomic alterations in advanced solid tumors: KOrean Precision Medicine Networking Group Study of MOlecular profiling guided therapy based on genomic alterations in advanced Solid tumors (KOSMOS)-II
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Journal of Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical practice recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing in patients with solid cancer: a joint report from KSMO and KSP
Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(4): 147. CrossRef
Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Solid Cancer: A Joint Report from KSMO and KSP
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Nationwide precision oncology pilot study: KOrean Precision Medicine Networking Group Study of MOlecular profiling-guided therapy based on genomic alterations in advanced solid tumors (KOSMOS) KCSG AL-20-05
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Mutational evolution after chemotherapy‐progression in metastatic colorectal cancer revealed by circulating tumor DNA analysis
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Development of two 410-cancer-gene panel tests for solid tumors and liquid biopsy based on genome data of 5,143 Japanese cancer patients
Yuji SHIMODA, Takeshi NAGASHIMA, Kenichi URAKAMI, Fukumi KAMADA, Sou NAKATANI, Maki MIZUGUCHI, Masakuni SERIZAWA, Keiichi HATAKEYAMA, Keiichi OHSHIMA, Tohru MOCHIZUKI, Sumiko OHNAMI, Shumpei OHNAMI, Takeshi KAWAKAMI, Kentaro YAMAZAKI, Haruyasu MURAKAMI, H
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Clinical Implication of Molecular Tumor Board
Soohyeon Lee
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2022; 97(5): 319. CrossRef
Somatic Mutations of TP53 Identified by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Are Poor Prognostic Factors for Primary Operable Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Study
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Journal of Breast Cancer.2022; 25(5): 379. CrossRef

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Original Articles

A Single Arm, Phase II Study of Simvastatin Plus XELOX and Bevacizumab as First-Line Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: Youjin Kim, Tae Won Kim, Sae Won Han, Joong Bae Ahn, Seung Tae Kim, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1128-1134. Published online November 21, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.379

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Purpose
Simvastatin has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in preclinical studies via tumor cell senescence, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenesis. This phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and toxicity profile of conventional XELOX and bevacizumab chemotherapy plus simvastatin in metastatic colorectal cancer patients (MCRC).
Materials and Methods
Patients with MCRC received first-line XELOX in 3-week treatment cycles of intravenous oxaliplatin 130 mg/m² plus bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg (day 1), followed by oral capecitabine 1,000 mg/m² twice daily (day 1-14). Simvastatin 80 mg tablets were taken orally once daily every day during the period of chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were response rate, duration of response, overall survival (OS), time to progression, and toxicity.
Results
From January 2014 to April 2015, 60 patients were enrolled and 55 patients were evaluable for tumor response. The median follow-up duration was 30.1 months (range, 28.5 to 31.7 months). The median PFS was 10.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6 to 11.1). The median OS of all patients was 19.0 months (95% CI, 11.9 to 26.0). The disease-control rate and overall response rate were 88.3% (95% CI, 74 to 96) and 58.3% (95% CI, 44 to 77), respectively, by intent-to-treat protocol analysis. There was one complete response and 34 partial responses. One patient experienced grade 3 creatine kinase elevation and liver enzyme elevation.
Conclusion
Based on the current study, the addition of 80 mg simvastatin to XELOX and bevacizumab showed comparable clinical efficacy in patients with MCRC as first-line chemotherapy and did not increase toxicity.

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Comparison of the 7th and the 8th AJCC Staging System for Non-metastatic D2-Resected Lymph Node–Positive Gastric Cancer Treated with Different Adjuvant Protocols: Jeong Il Yu, Do Hoon Lim, Jeeyun Lee, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Seung Tae Kim, Su Jin Lee, Sung Kim, Tae Sung Sohn, Jun Ho Lee, Ji Yeong An, Min Gew Choi, Jae Moon Bae, Heejin Yoo, Kyunga Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):876-885. Published online October 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.401

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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare prognostic differentiation performances of the 7th and the 8th edition of American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for gastric cancer (GC) patients.
Materials and Methods
A total of 1,633 GC patients who underwent curative D2 resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy alone (CA) or concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) from 2004 to 2013 were included. Concordance index (c-index) was applied to compare the discriminatory ability.
Results
In the 8th edition, migration of stage was detected in 248 patients (15.2%). Among them, 121 patients were up-staged while 127 patients were down-staged. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the discriminatory ability between the 7th and 8th editions. The new edition of staging system, however, showed a trend of better prognostic performance not only in recurrence-free survival (c-index=0.734; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.706 to 0.762 in the 7th edition vs. c-index=0.740; 95% CI, 0.712 to 0.768 in the 8th edition; p=0.14), but also in overall survival (c-index=0.717; 95% CI, 0.688 to 0.745 in the 7th edition vs. c-index=0.722; 95% CI, 0.694 to 0.751 in the 8th edition; p=0.19), especially in stage III. This finding was repeated in the subgroup analysis regardless of adjuvant CA or CCRT.
Conclusion
Generally, the 8th edition of AJCC staging system had failed to show a superior discriminatory ability for curatively D2 resected GC patients than the 7th edition, although there was a trend of better prognostic performance of the new edition, regardless of adjuvant treatment method.

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Ri-Sheng Zhao, Yi-Nan Liu, Wei-Gang Dai, Si-Le Chen, Jin-Ning Ye, Er-Tao Zhai, Shi-Rong Cai, Jian-Hui Chen
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C.R. Akshatha, Smitha Bhat, R. Sindhu, Dharini Shashank, Sarana Rose Sommano, Wanaporn Tapingkae, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Shashanka K. Prasad
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2021; 28(9): 5371. CrossRef
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Jeong Il Yu, Hee Chul Park, Jeeyun Lee, Changhoon Choi, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park, Seung Tae Kim, Tae Sung Sohn, Jun Ho Lee, Ji Yeong An, Min Gew Choi, Jae Moon Bae, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Heewon Han, Kyunga Kim, Sung Kim, Do Hoon Lim
Cancers.2020; 12(4): 943. CrossRef

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A Retrospective Analysis for Patients with HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer Who Were Treated with Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy: In the Perspectives of Ethnicity and Histology: Jun Ho Yi, Jung Hun Kang, In Gyu Hwang, Hee Kyung Ahn, Hyun Jin Baek, Soon Il Lee, Do Hyoung Lim, Young-Woong Won, Jun Ho Ji, Hyo Song Kim, Sun Young Rha, Sung Yong Oh, Kyung Eun Lee, Taekyu Lim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Moon Jin Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):553-560. Published online August 10, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.155

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Purpose
While the Trastuzumab for Gastric Cancer (ToGA) trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab-based chemotherapy in HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer, the overall survival (OS) benefit was not found in Asian and diffuse-type cancer patients. The aim of the study is to investigate predictive markers for trastuzumab-based chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods
Data of patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer treated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively.
Results
A total of 168 Asian patients were included. The median age was 60 years (range, 27 to 85 years) and the male:female ratio was 118 (70.2%):50 (29.8%). Fourteen (8.3%), 63 (37.5%), 75 (44.6%), and 11 (6.5%) patients had well, moderately, poorly-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma, respectively. With 14 complete responses and 73 partial responses, the response rate was 50.6%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7 to 11.7), and the median OS was 18.5 months (95% CI, 16.4 to 50.6). Next, we investigated the effect of poorly-differentiated histology (PDH, poorly-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma+signet ring cell carcinoma) on clinical outcomes. The median PFS (8.9 months vs. 11.5 months, p=0.16) was slightly inferior in PDH patients, and the median OS was significantly shorter in PDH patients (14.6 months vs. 19.0 months, p=0.025).
Conclusion
While subset analysis of the ToGA trial demonstrated that trastuzumab-based chemotherapy may not be beneficial for Asians and patients with PDH, our data may suggest that even in Asian patients and patients with PDH, trastuzumab-based chemotherapy could be associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer.

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HER2 Expression, Test Deviations, and Their Impact on Survival in Metastatic Gastric Cancer: Results From the Prospective Multicenter VARIANZ Study
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Current therapeutic options for gastric adenocarcinoma
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Efficacy of Trastuzumab and Potential Risk Factors on Survival in Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Atakan Topcu, Muhammed Mustafa Atci, Saban Secmeler, Mehmet Besiroglu, Murat Ayhan, Metin Ozkan, Oktay Bozkurt, Zuhat Urakci, Seval Ay, Caglayan Geredeli, Ayse Irem Yasin, Haci Mehmet Turk
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Clinical significance of overexpression of NRG1 and its receptors, HER3 and HER4, in gastric cancer patients
Sumi Yun, Jiwon Koh, Soo Kyung Nam, Jung Ok Park, Sung Mi Lee, Kyoungyul Lee, Kyu Sang Lee, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Do Joong Park, Hyung-Ho Kim, Gheeyoung Choe, Woo Ho Kim, Hye Seung Lee
Gastric Cancer.2018; 21(2): 225. CrossRef
Correlation of trastuzumab-based treatment with clinical characteristics and prognosis in HER2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: A retrospective single center analysis
A. Ilhan-Mutlu, H. Taghizadeh, A. Beer, W. Dolak, A. Ba-Ssalamah, S. F. Schoppmann, M. Hejna, P. Birner, M. Preusser
Cancer Biology & Therapy.2018; 19(3): 169. CrossRef
Docetaxel, oxaliplatin, 5FU, and trastuzumab as first-line therapy in patients with human epidermal receptor 2-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer
Giandomenico Roviello, Roberto Petrioli, Valerio Nardone, Pietro Rosellini, Andrea Giovanni Multari, Raffaele Conca, Michele Aieta
Medicine.2018; 97(20): e10745. CrossRef

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The Role of Plasma Chromogranin A as Assessment of Treatment Response in Non-functioning Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Moonjin Kim, Sujin Lee, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Won Ki Kang, Seung Tae Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):153-161. Published online March 7, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.183

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Purpose
Chromogranin A (CgA) has been considered to be valuable not only in the diagnosis but also in monitoring the disease response to treatment. However, only a few studies have been published on this issue. We purposed to evaluate whether biochemical response using plasma CgA level is reliable in concordance with the clinical response of grade 1-3 nonfunctiong gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Materials and Methods Between March 2011 and September 2013, a total of 27 cases in 18 patients were analysed, clinically and radiologically while serial CgA tests were also conducted during treatment. Tumor responses were defined by both Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria ver. 1.1 and biochemical criteria based on the CgA level.
Results
Among the 27 cases analysed, no difference in the basal CgA level was observed with regard to gender, primary tumor site, tumor grade (World Health Organization classification), liver metastasis, number of metastatic site, and line of chemotherapy. The overall response rate (RR) by RECIST criteria ver. 1.1 was six out of the 27 cases (22.2%) and eight out of the 27 cases (29.6%) for biochemical RR. The overall concordance rates of the response based on RECIST and biochemical criteria were 74%. In grades 1 and 2 GEP-NETs (n=17), the concordance rate of the disease control was 94.1%. There was a significant difference for progression- free survival (PFS) between responders and non-responder in accordance to biochemical criteria (35.73 months vs. 5.93 months, p=0.05). Conclusion This study revealed that changes of the plasma CgA levels were associated with tumour response. Additionally, biochemical response based on serial CgA may be a predictive marker for PFS in GEP-NETs.

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Response heterogeneity as a new biomarker of treatment response in patients with neuroendocrine tumors
Clarisse Dromain, Marianne Pavel, Maxime Ronot, Niklaus Schaefer, Dalvinder Mandair, Delphine Gueguen, Catherine Cheng, Olivier Dehaene, Kathryn Schutte, David Cahané, Simon Jégou, Félix Balazard
Future Oncology.2023; 19(32): 2171. CrossRef
Predictive Factors for Resistant Disease with Medical/Radiologic/Liver-Directed Anti-Tumor Treatments in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Recent Advances and Controversies
Lingaku Lee, Irene Ramos-Alvarez, Robert T. Jensen
Cancers.2022; 14(5): 1250. CrossRef
Volumetric 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT for assessment of whole-body tumor burden as a quantitative imaging biomarker in patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Fiona OHLENDORF, Christoph HENKENBERENS, Thomas BRUNKHORST, Tobias L. ROSS, Hans CHRISTIANSEN, Frank M. BENGEL, Thorsten DERLIN
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Chromogranin A and serotonin for evaluation of treatment efficacy of neuroendocrine tumors
N. V. Lyubimova, Yu. S. Timofeev, T. K. Churikova, A. A. Markovich, G. S. Emelianova, I. S. Stilidi, N. E. Kushlinskii
Almanac of Clinical Medicine.2020; 47(8): 685. CrossRef
Early response assessment and prediction of overall survival after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy
Daphne M. V. Huizing, Else A. Aalbersberg, Michelle W. J. Versleijen, Margot E. T. Tesselaar, Iris Walraven, Max J. Lahaye, Berlinda J. de Wit–van der Veen, Marcel P. M. Stokkel
Cancer Imaging.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
From Mouth to Brain: Neuroendocrine Markers Play as a Crosstalk Among Oral and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Marco Tatullo, Bruna Codispoti, Irina Makeeva, Caterina Benincasa, Gianrico Spagnuolo
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Ki-67 Index of 5% is Better Than 2% in Stratifying G1 and G2 of the World Health Organization Grading System in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Shao-Wei Gao, Chen-Song Huang, Xi-Tai Huang, Liu-Hua Chen, Wei Chen, Jian-Peng Cai, Xiao-Yu Yin
Pancreas.2019; 48(6): 795. CrossRef
Baseline plasma chromogranin A levels in patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas: A potential predictor of postoperative recurrence
Yoshihide Nanno, Hirochika Toyama, Ippei Matsumoto, Kyoko Otani, Sadaki Asari, Tadahiro Goto, Tetsuo Ajiki, Yoh Zen, Takumi Fukumoto, Yonson Ku
Pancreatology.2017; 17(2): 291. CrossRef
Clinical outcomes of everolimus in patients with advanced, nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a multicenter study in Korea
Kyong Joo Lee, Jae Hee Cho, Sang Hyub Lee, Si Young Song, Kwang Hyuk Lee, Seok Jeong, Ji Kon Ryu, Sang Myung Woo, Seungmin Bang, Jong Kyun Lee, Tae Hoon Lee, Woo Hyun Paik, Yong Tae Kim, Woo Jin Lee
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2017; 80(4): 799. CrossRef

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Can Serum be Used for Analyzing the KRAS Mutation Status in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer?: Seung Tae Kim, Won Jin Chang, Lihua Jin, Jae Sook Sung, Yun Ji Choi, Yeul Hong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):796-803. Published online January 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.106

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
KRAS mutations have been used widely as prognostic or predictive marker in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it may be difficult to obtain a tumor tissue for analyzing the status of KRAS mutation in large proportion of patients with advanced disease.
Materials and Methods
We obtained pairs of tumor and serum samples from 65 patients with advanced CRC, between March 2008 and July 2011. KRAS mutation status from the tumor samples was analyzed by genomic polymerase chain reaction and direct sequence, and KRASmutation status from the serum samples was determined by a genomic polymerase chain reaction– restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.
Results
KRAS mutations were detected in the serum samples of 26 patients and in the tumor samples of 31 patients. KRAS mutation status in the serum and tumor samples was consistent in 44 of the 65 pairs (67.7%). There was a significant correlation between the mutations detected in the serum sample and the mutations detected in the matched tumor sample (correlation index, 0.35; p < 0.004). Twenty-two of the 57 patients (38.5%) received anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy as any line therapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival (OS) in accordance to the status of KRASmutations in both the serum and tumor samples (p > 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, liver metastasis and no cytoreductive operation were independent prognostic factors for decreased OS.
Conclusion
The serum sample might alternatively be used when it is difficult to obtain tumor tissues for analyzing the status of KRAS mutation in patients with advanced CRC.

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The Prognostic Utility of KRAS Mutations in Tissue and Circulating Tumour DNA in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Joel Petit, Georgia Carroll, Jie Zhao, Peter Pockney, Rodney J. Scott
Gastroenterology Insights.2024; 15(1): 107. CrossRef
Effect of CIP2A and its mechanism of action in the malignant biological behavior of colorectal cancer
Wei Chen, Jing-Lin Liang, Kai Zhou, Qing-Li Zeng, Jun-Wen Ye, Mei-Jin Huang
Cell Communication and Signaling.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The diagnostic accuracy of circulating free DNA for the detection of KRAS mutation status in colorectal cancer: A meta‐analysis
Wenli Xie, Li Xie, Xianrang Song
Cancer Medicine.2019; 8(3): 1218. CrossRef
Prognostic value of circulating cell-free DNA in patients with pancreatic cancer: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Linyan Chen, Yi Zhang, Yuan Cheng, Dan Zhang, Sha Zhu, Xuelei Ma
Gene.2018; 679: 328. CrossRef
The prognostic value of KRAS mutation by cell-free DNA in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rongyuan Zhuang, Song Li, Qian Li, Xi Guo, Feng Shen, Hong Sun, Tianshu Liu, Alvaro Galli
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(8): e0182562. CrossRef

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Regorafenib as Salvage Treatment in Korean Patients with Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Seung Tae Kim, Tae Won Kim, Kyu-pyo Kim, Tae-You Kim, Sae-Won Han, Ji Yun Lee, Sung Hee Lim, Min-Young Lee, Haesu Kim, Young Suk Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):790-795. Published online December 2, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.126

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Regorafenib, an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is considered the new standard of care in patients with chemotherapy-refractory colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, there are no data on this drug in Korean patients.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated patients who received oral regorafenib 160 mg once daily during the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle between August 2013 and September 2013. All patients had previously progressed fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin with or without biologic agents such as cetuximab or bevacizumab.
Results
Thirty-two patients were enrolled (median age, 57 years; male:female ratio, 20:12; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [0-1:2], 31:1; colon:rectum, 21:11). The overall response rate was 3.1% and the disease control rate was 50.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]) with one partial response and 15 patients with stable disease. The median progression-free survival was 4.2 months (95% CI, 3.1 to 5.2 months) and the median overall survival has not yet been reached. The most common adverse events of grade two or higher related to regorafenib were hand-foot skin reaction (25%), mucositis (19%), abdominal pain (9%), and liver function test (LFT) abnormalities (9%). Grade 3 or 4 toxicities included LFT abnormalities (9%), abdominal pain (9%), rash (6%), anemia (3%), leukopenia (3%), neutropenic fever (3%), and fatigue (3%). There was no treatment-related death.
Conclusion
Regorafenib appears to have promising activity and tolerable toxicity profiles in Korean patients with refractory CRC, consistent with the CORRECT trial findings.

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Salvage Treatment Option for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer:Regorafenib
Havva YESİL CİNKİR
SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2020; 27(4): 471. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of regorafenib in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Maria Røed Skårderud, Anne Polk, Kirsten Kjeldgaard Vistisen, Finn Ole Larsen, Dorte Lisbet Nielsen
Cancer Treatment Reviews.2018; 62: 61. CrossRef
The real-world use of regorafenib for metastatic colorectal cancer: multicentre analysis of treatment pattern and outcomes in Hong Kong
Ka-On Lam, Kin-Chung Lee, Joanne Chiu, Victor Ho-Fun Lee, Roland Leung, T S Choy, Thomas Yau
Postgraduate Medical Journal.2017; 93(1101): 395. CrossRef
Pseudocirrhosis caused by regorafenib in an advanced rectal cancer patient with multiple liver metastases
Kensuke Kumamoto, Shungo Endo, Noriyuki Isohata, Azuma Nirei, Daiki Nemoto, Kenichi Utano, Takuro Saito, Kazutomo Togashi
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2017; 6(1): 63. CrossRef
Incidence and risk of hematologic toxicities in cancer patients treated with regorafenib
Bin Zhao, Hong Zhao
Oncotarget.2017; 8(55): 93813. CrossRef
Efficacy, Safety and Cost of Regorafenib in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in French Clinical Practice
Fabien Calcagno, Sabrina Lenoble, Zaher Lakkis, Thierry Nguyen, Samuel Limat, Christophe Borg, Marine Jary, Stefano Kim, Virginie Nerich
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Modified MVAC as a Second-Line Treatment for Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma after Failure of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Treatment: Jung Hyun Lee, Sung Gu Kang, Seung Tae Kim, Seok Ho Kang, In Keun Choi, Young Je Park, Sang Chul Oh, Deuk Jae Sung, Jae Hong Seo, Jun Cheon, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Kyong Hwa Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(2):172-177. Published online April 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.2.172

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

There is no established standard second-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) who failed gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy. This study was conducted in order to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of modified methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) in patients with metastatic UC previously treated with GC.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 28 patients who received modified MVAC between November 2004 and November 2012. All patients failed prior, first-line GC chemotherapy.

Results

The median age of patients was 64.0 years (range, 33.0 to 77.0 years), and 23 (82.1%) patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. The overall response rate and the disease control rate were 36.0% and 64.0%, respectively. After a median follow-up period of 38 weeks (range, 5 to 182 weeks), median progression free survival was 21.0 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3 to 35.7 weeks) and median overall survival was 49.0 weeks (95% CI, 18.8 to 79.3 weeks). Grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities included neutropenia (n=21, 75.0%) and anemia (n=9, 32.1%). Grade 3 or 4 non-hematological toxicities did not occur and there was no treatment-related death.

Conclusion

Modified MVAC appears to be a safe and active chemotherapy regimen in patients with stable physical status and adequate renal function after GC treatment.

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Chronological transition in outcome of second-line treatment in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer after pembrolizumab approval: a multicenter retrospective analysis
Teruki Isobe, Taku Naiki, Yosuke Sugiyama, Aya Naiki-Ito, Takashi Nagai, Toshiki Etani, Satoshi Nozaki, Keitaro Iida, Yusuke Noda, Nobuhiko Shimizu, Nami Tomiyama, Rika Banno, Hiroki Kubota, Shuzo Hamamoto, Ryosuke Ando, Noriyasu Kawai, Takahiro Yasui
International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022; 27(1): 165. CrossRef
SIU-ICUD recommendations on bladder cancer: systemic therapy for metastatic bladder cancer
Axel S. Merseburger, Andrea B. Apolo, Simon Chowdhury, Noah M. Hahn, Matthew D. Galsky, Matthew I. Milowsky, Daniel Petrylak, Tom Powles, David I. Quinn, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Guru Sonpavde, Cora N. Sternberg
World Journal of Urology.2019; 37(1): 95. CrossRef
Efficacy of Different Second-line Therapy Regimens in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Lukas Barwitz, Anne Berger, Stefanie Zschaebitz, Max Jenzer, Cathleen Nientiedt, Stefan Duensing, Dirk Jäger, Dogu Teber, Markus Hohenfellner, Carsten Grüllich
The Open Urology & Nephrology Journal.2017; 10(1): 52. CrossRef
Cisplatin- Versus Non–Cisplatin-based First-Line Chemotherapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Previously Treated With Perioperative Cisplatin
Jennifer A. Locke, Gregory Russell Pond, Guru Sonpavde, Andrea Necchi, Patrizia Giannatempo, Ravi Kumar Paluri, Guenter Niegisch, Peter Albers, Carlo Buonerba, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Ulka N. Vaishampayan, Scott A. North, Neeraj Agarwal, Syed A. Hussain, Sum
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer.2016; 14(4): 331. CrossRef
Second Line Chemotherapy for Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Vinflunine and Beyond—A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature
Christoph Oing, Michael Rink, Karin Oechsle, Christoph Seidel, Gunhild von Amsberg, Carsten Bokemeyer
Journal of Urology.2016; 195(2): 254. CrossRef
Predicting the response of patients with advanced urothelial cancer to methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, and cisplatin (MVAC) after the failure of gemcitabine and platinum (GP)
Ki Hong Kim, Sung Joon Hong, Kyung Seok Han
BMC Cancer.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

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Dose KRAS Mutation Status Affect on the Effect of VEGF Therapy in Metastatic Colon Cancer Patients?: Seung Tae Kim, Kyong Hwa Park, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(1):48-54. Published online January 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.48

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
Mutations affecting the KRAS gene are an established negative predictor for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of KRAS mutation as a biomarker for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) remains controversial.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed retrospective data from 32 CRC patients who were available for KRAS mutation status and received cytotoxic chemotherapy plus bevacizumab as a first-line therapy. Six of 32 patients received anti-EGFR therapies. We used KRAS mutation status as a predictive or prognostic factor in CRC patients receiving bevacizumab.
RESULTS
We observed mutations in KRAS in 59.4% of patients. Bevacizumab was used in combination with oxaliplatin based regimens. There was no significant difference for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with oxaliplatin based cytotoxic chemotherapy plus bevacizumab according to the status of KRAS mutation. After first-line therapy, 28 patients (87.5%) received second-line therapy. In univariate analysis, KRAS mutations did not have a major prognostic value for PFS (hazard ratio, 1.007; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.469 to 2.162; p>0.05) or OS (hazard ratio, 0.548; 95% CI, 0.226 to 1.328; p>0.05). In addition, anti-EGFR therapies did not affect the impact on OS.
CONCLUSION
KRAS mutation is neither a predictive for bevacizumab nor a prognostic for OS in CRC patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy.

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The KRAS-Mutant Consensus Molecular Subtype 3 Reveals an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer
Pariyada Tanjak, Amphun Chaiboonchoe, Tharathorn Suwatthanarak, Onchira Acharayothin, Kullanist Thanormjit, Jantappapa Chanthercrob, Thanawat Suwatthanarak, Bundit Wannasuphaphol, Kemmapon Chumchuen, Bhoom Suktitipat, Somponnat Sampattavanich, Krittiya Ko
Cancers.2023; 15(4): 1098. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Low-Frequency KRAS Mutation Detection in Circulating Tumor DNA of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Chien-Yu Lin, Ming-Yin Shen, William Tzu-Liang Chen, Chin-An Yang
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 13(7): 1051. CrossRef
Advances in Tumor-Stroma Interactions: Emerging Role of Cytokine Network in Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer
Chiara Bazzichetto, Fabiana Conciatori, Italia Falcone, Francesco Cognetti, Michele Milella, Ludovica Ciuffreda
Journal of Oncology.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Role of RAS mutation status as a prognostic factor for patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy based on fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin, with or without bevavizumab: A retrospective analysis
Javier Garde Noguera, Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre, Mireia Gil-Raga, Elena Evgenyeva, Sonia Maciá Escalante, Antonio Llombart-Cussac, Carlos Camps Herrero
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2017; 6(3): 403. CrossRef
MEK inhibitor can reverse the resistance to bevacizumab in A549 cells harboring Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene homolog mutation
Yuan Wang, Ping Yan, Zhentao Liu, Xiaodan Yang, Yaping Wang, Zhirong Shen, Hua Bai, Jie Wang, Zhijie Wang
Thoracic Cancer.2016; 7(3): 279. CrossRef
Medullary carcinoma of the colon: can the undifferentiated be differentiated?
Anne-Marie Kanstrup Fiehn, Morten Grauslund, Anders Glenthøj, Linea Cecilie Melchior, Ben Vainer, Gro Linno Willemoe
Virchows Archiv.2015; 466(1): 13. CrossRef
Efficacy of combination chemotherapy using a novel oral chemotherapeutic agent, TAS-102, together with bevacizumab, cetuximab, or panitumumab on human colorectal cancer xenografts
Hiroshi Tsukihara, Fumio Nakagawa, Kazuki Sakamoto, Keiji Ishida, Nozomu Tanaka, Hiroyuki Okabe, Junji Uchida, Kenichi Matsuo, Teiji Takechi
Oncology Reports.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
CSBF/C10orf99, a novel potential cytokine, inhibits colon cancer cell growth through inducing G1 arrest
Wen Pan, Yingying Cheng, Heyu Zhang, Baocai Liu, Xiaoning Mo, Ting Li, Lin Li, Xiaojing Cheng, Lianhai Zhang, Jiafu Ji, Pingzhang Wang, Wenling Han
Scientific Reports.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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8 Crossref

Impact of KRAS Mutation Status on Outcomes in Metastatic Colon Cancer Patients without Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapy: Seung Tae Kim, Kyong Hwa Park, Jun Suk Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(1):55-62. Published online March 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.1.55

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
Activating mutation of the KRAS oncogene is an established negative predictor for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, KRAS mutation as a prognostic factor of survival outcome remains controversial in CRC, independent of anti-EGFR therapies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 103 CRC patients who were available for evaluation of KRAS mutation status. None of the patients analyzed had received anti-EGFR therapies. The role of KRAS mutation status was evaluated as a predictive factor for oxaliplatin or irinotecan and as a prognostic factor in CRC patients who did not receive anti-EGFR therapies.
RESULTS
Mutations in KRAS were observed in 48.5% of patients. The response for oxaliplatin- (p=0.664) and irinotecan-based (p=0.255) cytotoxic chemotherapy did not differ according to the KRAS mutation status. In addition, no significant difference in progression free survival (PFS; oxaliplatin, p=0.583 and irinotecan, p=0.426) and overall survival (OS; p=0.258) was observed between the wild and mutant type of the KRAS gene. In univariate and multivariate analyses, KRAS mutations did not have a major prognostic value regarding PFS (oxaliplatin: hazard ratio, 0.892; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.590 to 1.347; p=0.586 and irinotecan: hazard ratio, 0.831; 95% CI, 0.524 to 1.319; p=0.433) or OS (hazard ratio, 0.754; 95% CI, 0.460 to 1.236; p=0.263). In addition, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies did not affect PFS to oxaliplatin or irinotecan and OS.
CONCLUSION
KRAS mutation is not a prognostic marker for PFS to oxaliplatin or irinotecan and OS in CRC patients who did not receive anti-EGFR therapies.

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Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
Clinical Colorectal Cancer.2021; 20(3): 201. CrossRef
Noninvasive Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer: Role in Diagnosis and Personalised Treatment Perspectives
Gianluca Pellino, Gaetano Gallo, Pierlorenzo Pallante, Raffaella Capasso, Alfonso De Stefano, Isacco Maretto, Umberto Malapelle, Shengyang Qiu, Stella Nikolaou, Andrea Barina, Giuseppe Clerico, Alfonso Reginelli, Antonio Giuliani, Guido Sciaudone, Christo
Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Connecting cancer biology and clinical outcomes to imaging in KRAS mutant and wild-type colorectal cancer liver tumors following selective internal radiation therapy with yttrium-90
Michael J. Magnetta, Anish Ghodadra, Steven J. Lahti, Minzhi Xing, Di Zhang, Hyun S. Kim
Abdominal Radiology.2017; 42(2): 451. CrossRef
C1QBP is upregulated in colon cancer and binds to apolipoprotein A-I
Kun Kim, Min-Jeong Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim, Sun-A Ahn, Jong Heon Kim, Jae Youl Cho, Seung-Gu Yeo
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2017; 13(5): 2493. CrossRef
Role of RAS mutation status as a prognostic factor for patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy based on fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin, with or without bevavizumab: A retrospective analysis
Javier Garde Noguera, Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre, Mireia Gil-Raga, Elena Evgenyeva, Sonia Maciá Escalante, Antonio Llombart-Cussac, Carlos Camps Herrero
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2017; 6(3): 403. CrossRef
Up-front systemic chemotherapy is a feasible option compared to primary tumor resection followed by chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with unresectable synchronous metastases
Hiroaki Niitsu, Takao Hinoi, Manabu Shimomura, Hiroyuki Egi, Minoru Hattori, Yasuyo Ishizaki, Tomohiro Adachi, Yasufumi Saito, Masashi Miguchi, Hiroyuki Sawada, Masatoshi Kochi, Shoichiro Mukai, Hideki Ohdan
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
KRAS Status as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Survival after Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Therapy for Unresectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Steven J. Lahti, Minzhi Xing, Di Zhang, James J. Lee, Michael J. Magnetta, Hyun S. Kim
Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology.2015; 26(8): 1102. CrossRef
Prevalence of KRAS, BRAF, PI3K and EGFR mutations among Asian patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
LEE CHENG PHUA, HUI WEN NG, ANGIE HUI LING YEO, ELYA CHEN, MICHELLE SHU MEI LO, PEH YEAN CHEAH, ERIC CHUN YONG CHAN, POH KOON KOH, HAN KIAT HO
Oncology Letters.2015; 10(4): 2519. CrossRef
Characterization of rare transformingKRASmutations in sporadic colorectal cancer
Joanna HM Tong, Raymond WM Lung, Frankie MC Sin, Peggy PY Law, Wei Kang, Anthony WH Chan, Brigette BY Ma, Tony WC Mak, Simon SM Ng, Ka Fai To
Cancer Biology & Therapy.2014; 15(6): 768. CrossRef
Beyond KRAS: Predictive factors of the efficacy of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
Alfonso De Stefano
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 20(29): 9732. CrossRef
RAS mutations: impact on treatment outcome
Sameh Mikhail, Tanios Bekaii-Saab
Colorectal Cancer.2013; 2(6): 525. CrossRef
The prognostic values of EGFR expression and KRAS mutation in patients with synchronous or metachronous metastatic colorectal cancer
Ching-Wen Huang, Hsiang-Lin Tsai, Yi-Ting Chen, Chun-Ming Huang, Cheng-Jen Ma, Chien-Yu Lu, Chao-Hung Kuo, Deng-Chyang Wu, Chee-Yin Chai, Jaw-Yuan Wang
BMC Cancer.2013;[Epub] CrossRef

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Outcomes of Third-Line Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer Who Failed Previous Oxaliplatin-Based and Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapies: Min Jeong Lee, In Gyu Hwang, Joung-Soon Jang, Jin Hwa Choi, Byeong-Bae Park, Myung Hee Chang, Seung Tae Kim, Se Hoon Park, Myoung Hee Kang, Jung Hun Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):235-241. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.235

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
Little is known about outcomes in the use of third-line chemotherapy in cases of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The primary aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate outcomes of docetaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with AGC that progressed after both oxaliplatin-based and irinotecan-based regimens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eligible patients were those with AGC who had previous chemotherapy including fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin as well as fluoropyrimidine and irinotecan and who received subsequent docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Thirty-five patients were retrospectively recruited from 5 medical centers in Korea. Patients received either weekly or 3 weekly with docetaxel +/- cisplatin.
RESULTS
Thirty-one out of 35 patients were evaluated for treatment response. A total of 94 cycles of chemotherapy (median, 2; range, 1 to 7) were administered. The overall response rate was 14.3%, and the disease control rate was 45.7%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.7 months). The median overall survival (OS) was 3.6 months (95% CI, 2.8 to 4.4 months). PFS and OS were significantly prolonged in patients of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, with performance status of 0 or 1 in multivariate analysis (PFS: hazard ratio[HR], 0.411; 95% CI, 0.195 to 0.868; p=0.020 and OS: HR, 0.390; 95% CI, 0.184 to 0.826; p=0.014, respectively). Four of the 35 patients enrolled in the study died due to infection associated with neutropenia.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that salvage docetaxel-based chemotherapy is a feasible treatment option for AGC patients with good performance status (PS), whereas chemotherapy for patients with poor PS (PS< or =2) should be undertaken with caution for those who previously failed oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based regimens.

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Chemotherapy in Patients Older than or Equal to 75 Years with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Seung Tae Kim, Kyong Hwa Park, Sang Cheul Oh, Jae Hong Seo, Jun Suk Kim, Yeul Hong Kim, Sang Won Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(1):37-42. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.1.37

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
As the number of elderly patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) increases, the number of these patients receiving chemotherapy also increases. However, limited data exists regarding the use of chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients who are 75 years of age or older.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between May 2002 and October 2008, data for 48 advanced NSCLC patients who were 75 years of age or older who had been treated with chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
The median age of study participants at the time of first line chemotherapy was 76 years (range, 75 to 87 years) and their median Charlson comorbidity index was 2 (range, 1 to 4). Of the total 48 patients, 43 patients (90%) were treated by platinum-based doublet as a first line chemotherapy regimen. Median progression free survival for first line chemotherapy was 5.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.93 to 6.47 months) with an overall response rate of 33.3%. After first line chemotherapy, only 14 of the 48 patients (29.2%) received second line chemotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) for these patients was 8.2 months (95% CI, 4.44 to 11.96 months). Multivariate analysis results indicated that female gender and having received second-line or more chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for increased OS for all 48 patients. Charlson Index was not a significant independent prognostic factor for survival. There were 9 treatment related deaths due to infectious causes (18.8%).
CONCLUSION
Patients 75 years of age or older with advanced NSCLC may obtain clinical benefit from the administration of platinum-based doublet or single agent chemotherapy. However, oncologists must consider the aspect of safety in relation to the clinical benefits when managing this patient group.

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Predictive Value of the ERCC1 Expression for Treatment Response and Survival in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Cisplatin-based First-line Chemotherapy: Jina Yun, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jung-Hoon Kim, Jung A Kim, Jee Hyun Kong, Soo Hyeon Lee, Young-Woong Won, Jong-Mu Sun, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(2):101-106. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2010.42.2.101

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine whether the ERCC1 expression is effective to predict the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and who were treated with cisplatin-based first-line chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods

A total of 89 measurable AGC patients received cisplatin and capecitabine, with or without epirubicin, as a part of a randomized phase II study. Patients were included for the current molecular analysis if they had received two or more cycles of chemotherapy, their objective tumor responses were measured and if their paraffin-embedded tumor samples were available. The ERCC1 expression was examined by performing immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and the patients were divided into two groups (positive or negative) according to the presence of IHC staining of the tumor cell nuclei.

Results

Of the 32 eligible patients, 21 patients (66%) had tumor with a positive expression of ERCC1 and the remaining 11 patients had tumor with a negative ERCC1-expression. The ERCC1-negative patients achieved a higher response rate than that of the ERCC1-positive patients (44% vs. 28%, respectively), although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.42). The median survival time for the all patients was 14.6 months (95% CI: 13.6 to 15.6 months). The one-year survival rate was similar for the ERCC1-negative patients (61%) and the ERCC1-positive patients (70%).

Conclusion

In the current study, the tumor ERCC1 expression by IHC staining could not predict the clinical response or survival of AGC patients who were treated with cisplatin-based first-line chemotherapy. The ERCC1 protein expression does not appear to be a useful tool for the selection of tailored chemotherapy for these patients.

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ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism and the risk and invasiveness of cervical cancer in Korean women
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