Cancer Research and Treatment

Genitourinary Cancer

Ferroportin and FBXL5 as Prognostic Markers in Advanced Stage Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Cheol Keun Park, Jayoon Heo, Won Sik Ham, Young-Deuk Choi, Sang Joon Shin, Nam Hoon Cho; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1174-1183. Published online March 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.031

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Purpose
Advanced stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) involves a poor prognosis. Several studies have reported that dysfunctions in iron metabolism‒related proteins may cause tumor progression and metastasis of this carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the impact of the expression of iron metabolism‒related proteins on patient prognoses in advanced stage ccRCCs.
Materials and Methods
All of 143 advanced stage ccRCC specimens were selected following validation with double blind reviews. Several clinicopathological parameters including nuclear grade, perirenal fat invasion, renal sinus fat invasion, vascular invasion, necrosis, and sarcomatoid/rhabdoid differentiation were compared with the expression of ferroportin (FPN), and F-Box and leucine rich repeat protein 5 (FBXL5), by immunohistochemistry. FPN and FBXL5 mRNA level of ccRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were also analyzed for validation.
Results
FPN and FBXL5 immunohistochemistry showed membrane and cytoplasmic expression, respectively. Based on the H-score, cases were classified as low or high expression with a cutoff value of 20 for FPN and 15 for FBXL5, respectively. Low expression of FPN and FBXL5 were significantly associated with patient death (p=0.022 and p=0.005, respectively). In survival analyses, low expression of FPN and FBXL5 were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (p=0.003 and p=0.004, respectively). On multivariate analysis, low expression of FBXL5 (hazard ratio, 2.001; p=0.034) was significantly associated with shorter overall survival.
Conclusion
FPN and FBXL5 can be used as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for advanced stage ccRCC.

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Differences in genomic profile of high-grade urothelial carcinoma according to tumor location
Cheol Keun Park, Nam Hoon Cho
Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations.2022; 40(3): 109.e1. CrossRef
The Role of Iron in Cancer Progression
Qianqian Guo, Liwen Li, Shanshan Hou, Ziqiao Yuan, Chenhui Li, Wenzhou Zhang, Lufeng Zheng, Xiaoman Li
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Temsirolimus in Asian Metastatic/Recurrent Non-clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: Jii Bum Lee, Hyung Soon Park, Sejung Park, Hyo Jin Lee, Kyung A Kwon, Young Jin Choi, Yu Jung Kim, Chung Mo Nam, Nam Hoon Cho, Beodeul Kang, Hyun Cheol Chung, Sun Young Rha; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1578-1588. Published online April 16, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.671

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Purpose
Temsirolimus is effective in the treatment for metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) with poor prognosis. We aim to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of temsirolimus in treatment of naïve Asian patients with metastatic/recurrent nccRCC.
Materials and Methods
From January 2008 to July 2017, data of treatment-naïve, metastatic/recurrent nccRCC patients, who were treated with temsirolimus according to the standard protocol, were collected. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and tolerability of temsirolimus.
Results
Forty-four metastatic/recurrent nccRCC patients, 10 from prospective and 34 from retrospective groups, were enrolled; 24 patients (54%) were papillary type, and other histology subtypes included 11 chromophobes (25%), two collecting ducts (5%), one Xp11.2 translocation (2%), and six others (14%). The median PFS and OS were 7.6 months and 17.6 months, res-pectively. ORR was 11% and disease control rate was 83%. Patients with prior nephrectomy had longer PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.42; p < 0.001) and OS (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.45; p < 0.001). Compared to favorable/intermediate prognosis group, poor prognosis group had shorter median PFS (4.7 months vs. 7.6 months [HR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.39 to 6.12; p=0.005]) and median OS (9.2 months vs. 17.6 months [HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.23 to 6.56; p=0.015]).
Conclusion
Temsirolimus not only benefits poor-risk nccRCC patients, but it is also effective in favorable or intermediate-risk group in Asians. Temsirolimus was well-tolerated with manageable adverse events.

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Advances in non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma management: From heterogeneous biology to treatment options
Nathaniel R. Wilson, Yusuf Acikgoz, Elshad Hasanov
International Journal of Cancer.2024; 154(6): 947. CrossRef
Cancer stem cells and angiogenesis
Yanru Yang, Jingyu Guo, Mingyang Li, Guangxin Chu, Hai Jin, Jing Ma, Qingge Jia
Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 253: 155064. CrossRef
Renal cancer: signaling pathways and advances in targeted therapies
Aimin Jiang, Jinxin Li, Ziwei He, Ying Liu, Kun Qiao, Yu Fang, Le Qu, Peng Luo, Anqi Lin, Linhui Wang
MedComm.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cost-effectiveness analysis of anlotinib versus sunitinib as first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in China
Jingyang Lin, Qingxia Fang, Xiaochun Zheng, Meng Li
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(2): e0281402. CrossRef
Targeted Literature Review of Outcomes to Initial Systemic Therapy for Advanced/Metastatic Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Observational Studies
Shawna R. Calhoun, Manish Sharma, Chung-Han Lee
Kidney Cancer.2023; 7(1): 123. CrossRef

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A Locally Advanced Breast Cancer with Difficult Differential Diagnosis of Carcinosarcoma and Atypical Medullary Carcinoma, which had Poor Response to Adriamycin- and Taxane-based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Report: Se Hyun Kim, Hyun Cheol Chung, Jaeheon Jeong, Ji Hoon Kim, Sun Young Rha, Joong Bae Ahn, Nam Hoon Cho, Hei-Cheul Jeung; Cancer Res Treat. 2007;39(3):134-137. Published online September 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2007.39.3.134

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Atypical medullary carcinomas and carcinosarcoma have unique histopathological features. Here we present a case with a breast malignancy that had pathological characteristics of both. A 54-year old patient with a malignant breast mass received 6 cycles of adriamycin-based chemotherapy, followed by 3 cycles of paclitaxel monotherapy, and had a poor clinical response to treatment. A modified radical mastectomy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was complicated by an inability to distinguish between atypical medullary carcinoma and carcinosarcoma. The findings included a tumor that was well-circumscribed, high grade and a syncytial growth pattern as well as biphasic sarcomatous and carcinomatous characteristics. In conclusion, atypical medullary carcinoma and carcinosarcoma of the breast have entirely different prognoses and should be managed differently. Both should be treated by surgical resection, and additional therapy should be considered based on the cancer with the poorer prognosis.

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Carcinosarcoma of the breast: Facing the challenge of a rare nosologic entity
Aikaterini Mastoraki, Maria Tsamopoulou, Foivos-Konstantinos Stamatis, Alexios Strimpakos, Ero Mouchtouri, Christiana Panagi, Evgenia Mela, Sotiria Mastoraki, Aristotelis Kechagias, Dimitrios Schizas
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Rare Case of Primary Carcinosarcoma of the Breast
Maria Kiakou, Maria Tolia, Nektarios Koufopoulos, Konstantinos Tsapakidis, Eleni Arvanitou, Gkikas Konstantinos, Nikolaos Charalambakis, Michalis Nikolaou, Dimitrios Matthaios, Nikolaos Tsoukalas
Forum of Clinical Oncology.2022; 13(1): 48. CrossRef
Carcinosarcoma (Metaplastic Carcinoma) Breast: A Rare and Aggressive Primary – Report of Two Cases with Review of Literature
Gunjesh Kumar Singh, Pragya Singh, KT Bhowmik
Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology.2018; 39(03): 400. CrossRef
Carcinosarcoma of the Breast: An Aggressive Subtype of Metaplastic Cancer. Report of a Rare Case in a Young BRCA-1 Mutated Woman
Matteo Ghilli, Donatella M. Mariniello, Giovanni Fanelli, Francesca Cascione, Andrea Fontana, Agostino Cristaudo, Anna Cilotti, Adelaide M. Caligo, Giampiero Manca, Livio Colizzi, Antonio G. Naccarato, Manuela Roncella
Clinical Breast Cancer.2017; 17(1): e31. CrossRef

9,509 View
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Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Mediastinum - Report of two cases -: Young Jin Kim, Hyun Cheol Chung, Wha Young Lee, Hyung Jung Kim, Jae Kyung Roh, Doo Yun Lee, Jong Doo Lee, Gwi Eon Kim, Jun Kyu Loh, Nam Hoon Cho, In Joon Choi, Byung Soo Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1989;21(2):440-448.

Abstract PDF: Malignant fibrus histiocytoma (MFH) is a deep seated plemorphic sarcoma of older adults, which occurs most frequently in the deep fascia and skeletal muscle of the extremities and trunk. A rare tumor initially described in 1964 by OBriend and Stout, who considered it to have a histiocytic origin, it has been increasingly recognized as a discrete entity. There are only few descriptions of the intrathoracic occurrence of the MFI-l. Here, we report two cases of MFH originated from the mediastium which is a very unusual site. Radiation appeared to be a useful adjuvant treatment to surgical therapy in one case. Clinical features of the other reported cases of the intrathoracic MFH were also reviewed.

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