Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Genitourinary cancer

Determinants of Prostate Cancer Screening in Korean Men: A Nationwide Study Using the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey 2023: Giap Viet Nguyen, Kyeongmin Lee, Hyeon Ji Lee, EunKyo Kang, Mina Suh, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):539-546. Published online October 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.879

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Research on the prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) screening and reasons for undergoing screening is limited. We aimed to identify the factors influencing PCa screening behavior and explore the underlying motivations among Korean men.
Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the 2023 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, which employs a nationally representative random sampling method. This study included 1,784 men aged 40-74 years. The respondents reported their experiences with PCa screening. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with participation in PCa screening.
Results
The lifetime PCa screening rate was 18.6%. Among screening modalities, transrectal ultrasonography was the most frequently used (31.9%), followed by prostate-specific antigen tests (25.6%) and digital rectal examinations (21.5%). The multivariable analysis identified several factors that significantly increased the likelihood of screening participation, including older age, living with a spouse, poor self-reported health, and abstinence from alcohol consumption in the previous 12 months. Men who had undergone colorectal cancer screening were more likely to participate in PCa screening (adjusted odds ratio, 4.01; 95% confidence interval, 2.03 to 7.93) than those who had not. The primary motivations for screening were recommendations from family or social networks (31.9%) and inclusion in health examination packages (24.3%), whereas healthcare provider recommendations (18%) and symptomatic concerns (5.7%) were the least influential.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight the importance of providing evidence-based information for PCa screening recommendations and the need for improved communication and implementation of a shared decision-making approach for PCa screening in Korea.

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Overview of the National Cancer Screening Program for Colorectal Cancer in Korea over 14 Years (2004-2017): Bomi Park, Eun Young Her, Kyeongmin Lee, Fatima Nari, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi, Mina Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):910-917. Published online March 8, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1432

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the participation and follow-up test compliance rates and key performance indicators of the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for colorectal cancer (CRC) from 2004 to 2017.
Materials and Methods
The overall outcomes of the NCSP for CRC were analyzed using the NCSP data collected from 2004 to 2017 and the Korean Central Cancer Registry for CRC from 2005 to 2017. We cross-sectionally analyzed the participation and follow-up test compliance rates and performance indicators for each year. The trend of participation rates as an annual percentage change was assessed, and other statistical analyses were performed.
Results
The screening participation rates increased from 7.3% in 2004 to 30.5% in 2017. Additionally, the screening rates were higher among individuals aged 60-69 years and National Health Insurance Service beneficiaries of low-income status. However, the adherence to the follow-up test decreased from 63% in 2004 to 32% in 2017. The follow-up tests using the double-contrast barium enema method decreased from 42.2% in 2004 to 0.3% in 2017. However, follow-up tests by colonoscopy increased from 21.0% in 2004 to 31.8% in 2017. Furthermore, the positivity, false-positive, and interval CRC rates decreased, whereas the specificity increased from 2004 to 2016, indicating improved performance of CRC.
Conclusion
The participation rates and performance of the NCSP for CRC have steadily improved, whereas adherence to follow-up tests has decreased. Additionally, there is a rapid growth in colonoscopy volume as a follow-up test. Continued efforts are required to improve the follow-up rates.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Trends in Cancer-Screening Rates in Korea: Findings from the National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2023
EunKyo Kang, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Yeol Kim, Hyeon Ji Lee, Chang Kyun Choi, Tae Hee Kim, Sun Hwa Lee, Mina Suh
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(1): 28. CrossRef
Association Between Suicidal Ideation and Cancer Screening Uptake: Results from Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Korea
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
Cancers.2025; 17(6): 956. CrossRef
Serum bilirubin levels and risk of colorectal cancer in Korean adults: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinee (KoGES-HEXA) Cohort Study
Hwayoung Noh, Jeeyoo Lee, Nazlisadat Seyed Khoei, Laia Peruchet-Noray, Daehee Kang, Beatrice Fervers, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Aesun Shin, Heinz Freisling
British Journal of Cancer.2024; 131(10): 1635. CrossRef
Association between Endoscopist Volume and Interval Cancers after Colonoscopy: Results from the National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Korea
Dong Jun Kim, Nan-He Yoon, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh, Sunhwa Lee, Seongju Kim, Ji Eun Kim, Hooyeon Lee
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(4): 1164. CrossRef
Effectiveness of the Korean National Cancer Screening Program in Reducing Colorectal Cancer Mortality
Hyeon Ji Lee, Kyeongmin Lee, Byung Chang Kim, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi, Mina Suh
Cancers.2024; 16(24): 4278. CrossRef
Effect of electroacupuncture on discomfort in patients undergoing colonoscopy: protocol for a multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial
Xiangyu Sun, Liyue Lu, Yongqiang Wang, Chunchun Wang, Chao Lin, Kuangdi Xu, Yue Yong, Wenting Chen, Jiangang Song
BMJ Open.2024; 14(12): e084628. CrossRef
National cancer screening program for colorectal cancer in Korea
Seung Min Baik, Ryung-Ah Lee
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(6): 333. CrossRef

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Trends in the Performance of the Korean National Cancer Screening Program for Gastric Cancer from 2007 to 2016: Ji Eun Ryu, Eunji Choi, Kyeongmin Lee, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh, Kyu Won Jung, Kui Son Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):842-849. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.482

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The Korean National Cancer Screening Program (KNCSP) has implemented two screening methods for gastric cancer—upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) and endoscopy—for Koreans aged ≥40 years. We aimed to assess performance trends for both screening methods.
Materials and Methods
The KNCSP database was used to evaluate individuals who underwent screening from 2007 to 2016. The final gastric cancer diagnosis was ascertained by linking with the Korean Central Cancer Registry. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional analysis to estimate performance indicators of gastric cancer screening by UGIS and endoscopy, stratified by sociodemographic factors.
Results
We found that screening rates for gastric cancer increased from 28% to 51.7% between 2007 and 2016, and that the rate of endoscopy use for gastric cancer screening increased sharply. Cancer detection rates (CDR) of UGIS and endoscopy were 0.41 and 2.25 per 1,000 screens in 2007–2008 and 0.26 and 1.99 in 2015–2016, respectively. Interval cancer rates (ICR) per 1,000 negative screenings were 1.33 (2007–2008) and 1.21 (2015–2016) for UGIS and 1.14 (2007–2008) and 0.88 (2015–2016) for endoscopy. The sensitivity of UGIS decreased from 23.6% (2007–2008) to 17.6% (2015–2016), whereas that of endoscopy increased from 66.4% (2007–2008) to 69.3% (2015–2016). Specificity was maintained at >99% for both methods over the study period.
Conclusion
The use of endoscopy for gastric cancer screening within the KNCSP has increased. Endoscopy has higher CDR, sensitivity, and specificity, and lower ICR estimates than does UGIS.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Korean Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer 2024: An Evidence-based, Multidisciplinary Approach (Update of 2022 Guideline)
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Journal of Gastric Cancer.2025; 25(1): 5. CrossRef
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Yeunji Lee, Eunyoung Lee, Bumhee Park, Gil Ho Lee, Sun Gyo Lim, Sung Jae Shin, Choong-Kyun Noh, Kee Myung Lee
Gut and Liver.2025; 19(1): 59. CrossRef
ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Gastric Premalignant Conditions
Douglas R. Morgan, Juan E. Corral, Dan Li, Elizabeth A. Montgomery, Arnoldo Riquelme, John J. Kim, Bryan Sauer, Shailja C. Shah
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; 120(4): 709. CrossRef
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Yan Zhang, Jian Cao, Zheng Yuan, Jiahui Zhou, Hao Zuo, Xinsheng Miao, Xinhua Gu
Molecular Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Kam C. (Nina) Li, Sarah Combs
JAAPA.2025; 38(7): 13. CrossRef
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9,323 View
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27 Web of Science
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