Purpose
Although sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can accurately represent the axillary lymph node (ALN) status, the false-negative rate (FNR) of SLNB is the main concern in the patients who receive SLNB alone instead of ALN dissection (ALND).
Materials and Methods
We analyzed 1,886 patientswho underwent ALNDafter negative results of SLNB,retrospectively. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with a falsenegative (FN) result. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of factors affecting disease-free survival (DFS).
Results
Tumor located in the upper outer portion of the breast, lymphovascular invasion, suspicious node in imaging assessment and less than three sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were significant independent risk factors for FN in SLNB conferring an adjusted odds ratio of 2.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30 to 3.39), 2.69 (95% CI, 1.47 to 4.91), 2.59 (95% CI, 1.62 to 4.14), and 2.39 (95% CI, 1.45 to 3.95), respectively. The prognostic factors affecting DFS were tumor size larger than 2 cm (hazard ratio [HR], 1.86; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.96) and FN of SLNB (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.42 to 4.42) in SLN-negative group (FN and true-negative), but in ALN-positive group (FN and true-positive), FN of SLNB (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.25) did not affect DFS.
Conclusion
In patients with risk factors for a FN such as suspicious node in imaging assessment, upper outer breast cancer, less than three harvested nodes, we need attention to find another metastatic focus in non-SLNs during the operation. It may contribute to provide an exact prognosis and optimizing adjuvant treatments.
Citations
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Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(6):483-488. Published online December 31, 2003
PURPOSE Although 80~90% of patients with lung cancer are smokers, only 11% of smokers develop lung cancer. Genetic susceptibility according to the polymorphism of the epoxide hydrolase (mEPHX) gene and homozygous deletion of GSTM1 (M1 subunit of Glutathione S transferase) was studied in this case control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genomic DNA from 76 subjects with lung cancer (40 squamous cell carcinoma, 13 adenocarcinoma, 10 subtype undetermined non-small cell lung cancer, and 13 small cell lung carcinoma) and 62 age- matched controls were extracted from peripheral white blood cells. PCR and RFLP (restriction fragments length polymorphism) with restriction enzyme (RsaI) and automatic sequencing were used for mEPHX genotyping (T-->C, Tyr113His) in exon 3 and (A-->G, His139Arg) in exon 4. Looking for homozygous deletions of GSTM1, multiplex PCR with primers for the GSTM1 gene and coagulation factor V gene (as positive control) were performed. RESULTS: The age distribution between the cancer and control groups were similar (63.6 7.2 vs. 61.1 7.9 years). The lung cancer group, however, had more smokers (73.3%, 44/60) than the control group (21/54, 38.9%, p<0.001). The rate of homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 gene was significantly higher in the lung cancer group (65.8%, 50/76) than in the control group (46.8%, 29/62, p<0.05), causing the relative risk of GSTM1 deletion for lung cancer as 2.19 (95% CI: 1.10~4.35, p=0.02). Among 118 subjects whose mEPHX gene polymorphisms were studied, 62 (52.5%) subjects showed genotypes with slow enzyme activity while 45 (38.1%) showed normal enzyme activity and 11 (9.3%) showed fast enzyme activity. There was no significant difference in the distribution of mEPHX gene polymorphisms between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 gene was associated with high lung cancer susceptibility, whereas the mEPHX genotype showed no significant connection with risk of lung cancer in a sample Korean population.