Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Teclistamab for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Nationwide Retrospective Analysis of the Named Patient Program in Korea: Jun Ho Yi, Jae Hoon Lee, Sung‑Hoon Jung, Ji Hyun Lee, Ji Yun Lee, Kihyun Kim, Sung‑Soo Park, Chang‑Ki Min, Yoon Seok Choi, Min Kyoung Kim, Ho-Young Yhim, Dok Hyun Yoon; Received April 10, 2025 Accepted July 21, 2025 Published online July 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.399 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The prognosis for heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) remains poor. Teclistamab, a bispecific antibody targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and CD3, has demonstrated deep and durable responses in triple-class exposed RRMM patients in the MajesTEC-1 trial. To further evaluate the efficacy and safety of teclistamab in Korean patients, we conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis.
Materials and Methods
In August 2022, a Named Patient Program (NPP) for teclistamab was initiated in Korea. The inclusion and exclusion criteria, dosage, treatment schedule, and dose modification protocols were largely consistent with those of the MajesTEC-1 trial. Retrospective data were collected for 42 patients who participated in the program.
Results
The median age was 67 years (range, 48–84), and the median number of prior lines of therapy was 6 (range, 3–10). Triple- and penta-class refractoriness were observed in 40.5% and 19.0% of patients, respectively. The overall response rate was 66.7% (28/42); 17 patients (40.5%) achieved a complete or deeper response. With a median follow-up of 16.4 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14.1 months. Patients with R-ISS stage III exhibited significantly shorter PFS (3.1 months vs. not reached, p=0.041). The 12-month overall survival rate was 61.7%; disease progression and infection were the most common causes of death. Only one patient experienced grade ≥ 3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and no cases of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome were reported. Grade ≥ 3 infections occurred in 42.9% (n=18) of patients and frequently led to treatment interruption (n=18).
Conclusion
Efficacy outcomes including rapid responses, a high response rate, and prolonged survival duration as well as safety profiles, including the incidence of infections, CRS were comparable to those observed in the MajesTEC-1 trial. Given the historically poor outcomes observed in patients with triple-class exposed RRMM, teclistamab treatment should be strongly considered for these patients.

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Efficacy and Safety of Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b in Low-Risk Polycythemia Vera: Ji Yun Lee, Sung-Soo Yoon, Deok-Hwan Yang, Sang Kyun Sohn, Seug Yun Yoon, Soo-Mee Bang, Gyeong-Won Lee, Chul Won Choi, Eun-Ji Choi, June-Won Cheong, Young Hoon Park, Sung-Eun Lee; Received May 23, 2025 Accepted June 25, 2025 Published online June 26, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.552 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Conventional management of low-risk polycythemia vera (PV), consisting of phlebotomy and aspirin, often fails to adequately control symptoms and hematologic parameters. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ropeginterferon alfa-2b (Ropeg) in low-risk PV patients requiring cytoreductive therapy.
Materials and Methods
In this sub-analysis of an open-label, multicenter trial, 42 patients received Ropeg for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was a reduction in phlebotomy frequency, while secondary endpoints included complete hematologic response (CHR), changes in JAK2V617F allele burden, and safety.
Results
Among 42 patients, Ropeg significantly reduced mean phlebotomy frequency per year from 3.0 to 0.5 (p < 0.05) and improved CHR rates (69.1% at 48 weeks). The JAK2V617F allele burden decreased, and hydroxyurea-naïve patients showed better responses. The most frequently reported treatment-related adverse events included elevated liver enzymes and alopecia. Most adverse events were mild or moderate, with no grade 4 or 5 events reported.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that Ropeg is a promising treatment option for low-risk PV by effectively reducing the need for phlebotomy and demonstrating efficacy and safety.

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Pilot Study for Feasibility of Onco-Geriatric Intervention Model in Older Patients with Cancer in a Tertiary Academic Hospital: Jin Won Kim, Jung-Yeon Choi, Woochan Park, Minsu Kang, Jeongmin Seo, Eun Hee Jung, Koung Jin Suh, Ji-Won Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Sang-A Kim, Ji Yun Lee, Jeong-Ok Lee, Soo-Mee Bang, Kwang-il Kim, Jee Hyun Kim; Received January 20, 2025 Accepted March 11, 2025 Published online March 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.079 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Older cancer patients face unique challenges due to age-related physiological changes, increasing their vulnerability to treatment-related toxicities. Geriatric assessment (GA) is a validated tool for optimizing care, yet there is no consensus on integrating geriatric interventions into oncology. This study evaluates the feasibility of a tailored onco-geriatric intervention model incorporating the KG-7 screening tool.
Materials and Methods
This prospective study included 30 patients aged ≥ 70 years with solid tumors undergoing adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy. Patients scoring ≤ 5 of KG-7 were eligible. Tailored interventions incorporating KG-7 included polypharmacy, functional status, mobility, nutrition, cognition, emotional well-being, insomnia, social support, and medical problem. KG-7, GA, and quality of life (QoL) were followed at 12 weeks.
Results
Participants (median age, 79.5 years) had colon (43.3%), pancreatic (23.3%), or gastric cancer (23.3%). At baseline, most patients showed independent activities of daily living (100%)/instrumental activities of daily living (90%). However, 93.3% had abnormal GA. Particularly, 86.7% were either malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. The most frequently identified intervention needs included polypharmacy (70.0%), nutritional support (60.0%), and emotional well-being (50.0%) with high adherence (100.0%, 88.9%, and 46.7%, respectively). At 12 weeks, KG-7 scores improved in 43.8% of patients, and 69.2% of GA domains were improved. QoL analysis revealed modest improvement in Global Health Status (mean difference, 6.3; p=0.176). One-year survival rates were 92.3% and 79.4% for adjuvant and palliative groups, respectively.
Conclusion
The onco-geriatric intervention model incorporating KG-7 demonstrated high feasibility and potential to enhance clinical outcomes. Future studies should validate this approach in randomized trials to optimize care for older cancer patients.

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Validating the Korean Geriatric Assessment Tool in Elderly Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Multicenter Study: Ji Yun Lee, Sang-A Kim, Youngil Koh, Ho-Young Yhim, Gyeong-Won Lee, Chang-Ki Min, Young Rok Do, Hyo Jung Kim, Sung Hwa Bae, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Sung-Hoon Jung, Hyunkyung Park, Seung-Hyun Nam, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung-Hyun Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Young Seob Park, Soo-Mee Bang; Received January 15, 2025 Accepted February 20, 2025 Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.066 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study evaluates the Korean Cancer Study Group Geriatric Score-7 (KG-7) frailty screening tool’s effectiveness in elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients to prevent under and overtreatment.
Materials and Methods
This prospective pilot cohort study included 100 elderly patients aged 70 and older with newly diagnosed MM who had not undergone transplantation from August 2020 to January 2022.
Results
The median age was 77 years, and 73.0% of patients were classified at International Staging System stages 2 or 3. Using a 5-point cutoff on the KG-7 index (non-frail, score ≥ 5; frail, score < 5), 31% were categorized as frail. After a median follow-up of 26.8 months, the 3-year overall survival rate was 73.0%. There was no statistically significant association between any frailty index and the risk of death. However, frail patients defined by the simplified frailty index (hazard ratio [HR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 5.95; p=0.030) and by KG-7 (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.03 to 5.86; p=0.043) had a significantly higher risk of grade 3-4 non-hematologic toxicity, whereas the International Myeloma Working Group definition did not. Over a 24-month tracking period, vulnerability as measured by KG-7 either improved or deteriorated.
Conclusion
The pilot study, which had a limited number of participants, did not demonstrate KG-7’s effectiveness in predicting survival; however, it successfully predicted severe non-hematologic toxicities. We plan to conduct larger studies in elderly MM patients to determine whether KG-7 can help tailor their treatment regimens.

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Hematologic malignancy

The Role of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Managing Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Patients: Ji Yun Lee, Ju-Hyun Lee, Woochan Park, Jeongmin Seo, Minsu Kang, Eun Hee Jung, Sang-A Kim, Koung Jin Suh, Ji-Won Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Jin Won Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Soo-Mee Bang; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):612-620. Published online September 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.738

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Thrombosis and bleeding significantly affect morbidity and mortality in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in MPN patients remain uncertain.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a large, retrospective, nationwide cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database from 2010 to 2021.
Results
Out of the 368 MPN patients included in the final analysis, 62.8% were treated with DOACs for atrial fibrillation (AF), and 37.2% for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The AF group was statistically older with higher CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category [female]) scores compared to the VTE group. Antiplatelet agents were used in 51.1% of cases, and cytoreductive drugs in 79.3%, with hydroxyurea being the most common (64.9%). The median follow-up was 22.3 months, with 1-year cumulative incidence rates of thrombosis and bleeding at 11.1% and 3.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥ 3 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.48), concomitant antiplatelet use (HR, 2.57), and cytoreduction (HR, 2.20) as significant thrombosis risk factors but found no significant predictors for major bleeding.
Conclusion
Despite the limitations of retrospective data, DOAC treatment in MPN patients seems effective and has an acceptable bleeding risk.

Citations

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Survey of Clinical Practice in Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Croatia: A Study by the MPN Working Group Party of the Croatian Cooperative Group for Hematologic Diseases (KROHEM)
Ivan Krecak, Marko Lucijanic, Rajko Kusec
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(5): 1524. CrossRef
Dabigatran etexilate

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Clinical and Molecular Insights of Arterial and Venous Thrombosis in Myeloproliferative Diseases—Case-Based Narrative Review
Anca Drăgan, Mădălina Găvănescu, Adrian Ştefan Drăgan, Alexandru Bardaş, Monica Dobrovie, Anca Doina Mateescu
Biomedicines.2025; 13(10): 2543. CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Association of TP53 Mutation Status and Sex with Clinical Outcome in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Songji Choi, Se Hyun Kim, Sejoon Lee, Jeongmin Seo, Minsu Kang, Eun Hee Jung, Sang-A Kim, Koung Jin Suh, Ji Yun Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Jong Seok Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):70-82. Published online August 7, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.046

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Some studies suggest that TP53 mutations are associated with the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and also contribute to sex disparities in several cancers. Thus, we hypothesized that TP53 mutations might serve as sex-dependent genomic biomarkers of ICI treatment response in patients with NSCLC.
Materials and Methods
Clinical data of 100 patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with ICI monotherapy at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) were retrospectively reviewed. Genomic and clinical datasets of The Cancer Genome Atlas and an ICI-treated lung cancer cohort (cBioPortal) were also analyzed.
Results
In SNUBH cohort, no statistically significant difference was observed in the median progression-free survival (PFS) according to TP53 mutation status (p=0.930); however, female patients with TP53 mutations (MT) had a significantly prolonged median PFS compared to wild-type (WT) (6.1 months in TP53 MT vs. 2.6 months in TP53 WT; p=0.021). Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) high (≥ 50%) expression was significantly enriched in female patients with TP53 MT (p=0.005). The analysis from publicly available dataset also revealed that females with NSCLC with TP53 MT showed significantly longer PFS than those with TP53 WT (p < 0.001). In The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis, expression of immune-related genes, and tumor mutation burden score in TP53 MT females were higher than in males without TP53 MT.
Conclusion
Female patients with NSCLC with TP53 mutations had high PD-L1 expression and showed favorable clinical outcomes following ICI therapy, suggesting a need for further research to explore the role of TP53 mutations for sex disparities in response to ICI therapy.

Citations

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Association Between TP53 Mutations and Platinum Resistance in a Cohort of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients: Novel Implications for Personalized Therapeutics
Clelia Madeddu, Eleonora Lai, Manuela Neri, Elisabetta Sanna, Giulia Gramignano, Sonia Nemolato, Mario Scartozzi, Sabrina Giglio, Antonio Macciò
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(5): 2232. CrossRef
Prognostic and predictive implications of tumor suppressor gene alterations in non-small cell lung cancer
Marco Sposito, Lorenzo Belluomini, Riccardo Nocini, Jessica Insolda, Ilaria Mariangela Scaglione, Jessica Menis, Michele Simbolo, Antonio Lugini, Federica Buzzacchino, Francesco Verderame, Francesca Spinnato, Giuseppe Aprile, Lorenzo Calvetti, Mario Occhi
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Enhanced tumor heterogeneity mediates poor prognosis in females with TP53 mutation in lung adenocarcinoma
Liudan Mai, Xinxin Yang, Chen Shao, Hongwei Yu, Fenqi Du, Jialu Liu, Yue Guan, Hao Li, Maopeng Yang, Hongxue Meng, Qiuju Zhang
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2025; 334: 149083. CrossRef

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Hematologic malignancy

Pembrolizumab for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma in Korea: Ji Yun Lee, Ji Hyun Kwon, Joon Young Hur, Jun Ho Yi, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyungwoo Cho, Young Rok Do, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hye Jin Kang, Yougil Koh, Won Sik Lee, Sung Nam Lim, Sang Eun Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):681-687. Published online November 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1042

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Programmed death-1 blockade with pembrolizumab has shown promising activity in relapsed/refractory (R/R) extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL), but studies are limited, with small patient numbers.
Materials and Methods
Thirteen institutes involved with the Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma, a Korean lymphoma study group, collected the clinical data of 59 patients treated with pembrolizumab as salvage therapy between 2016 and 2022.
Results
The median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 22 to 87 years), and 76.3% had advanced Ann Abor stage disease. Pembrolizumab was given to 35.6%, 40.7%, and 23.7% of the patients as second-, third-, and fourth- or higher-line chemotherapy, respectively. The overall response rate was 40.7%, with 28.8% having complete response. The estimated 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates for all patients were 21.5% and 28.7%, respectively; for responders, the rates were 53.0% and 60.7%, respectively. Although not statistically significant, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.93 to 3.94; p=0.078) and stage III or IV disease (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 0.96 to 6.96; p=0.060) were associated with a trend toward shorter PFS in multivariate analysis. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were noted in 12 patients (20.3%); neutropenia (10.2%), fatigue (6.8%), and pneumonitis (5.1%) were most common AEs.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while pembrolizumab had a modest effect on patients with R/R NKTCL, it may be a useful salvage therapy for patients with localized disease and good performance status.

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An evaluation of sugemalimab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma
Yingfang Feng, Xia Liu, Jingwei Yu, Zheng Song, Lanfang Li, Lihua Qiu, Shiyong Zhou, Zhengzi Qian, Xianhuo Wang, Huilai Zhang
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy.2025; 25(1): 9. CrossRef
Early growth response 1 as a key regulator of PD-L1 expression and immune evasion in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma
Ji Yun Lee, Kui-Jin Kim, Woochan Park, Jeongmin Seo, Minsu Kang, Eun Hee Jung, Sang-A Kim, Koung Jin Suh, Ji-Won Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Jin Won Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Tae Min Kim, Jin Ho Paik
Blood Cancer Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of combined CD38 and PD-1 inhibition with isatuximab and cemiplimab for relapsed/refractory NK/T-cell lymphoma
Seok Jin Kim, Jing Quan Lim, Sang Eun Yoon, Deok-Hwan Yang, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung Yong Oh, Yoon Seok Choi, Seong Hyun Jeong, Min Kyoung Kim, Sung Nam Lim, Junhun Cho, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Seunghyun Choi, Yoon Park, Kerry May Huifen Lim, Nur Ayuni Binte Muh
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Effect of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy on PD-L1 Expression on Tumor Cells in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Junghoon Shin, Jin-Haeng Chung, Se Hyun Kim, Kyu Sang Lee, Koung Jin Suh, Ji Yun Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Jin-Won Kim, Yu-Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Jong-Seok Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1086-1097. Published online November 5, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.537

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) axis blockades have revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We assessed the effect of platinum-based chemotherapy on tumor PD-L1 expression and its clinical implications.
Materials and Methods
We used immunohistochemistry to retrospectively evaluate the percentage of tumor cells with membranous PD-L1 staining (tumor proportion score) in paired tumor specimens obtained before and after platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in 86 patients with NSCLC. We analyzed the correlation between the change in PD-L1 tumor proportion score and clinicopathologic characteristics, response to NACT, and survival.
Results
The PD-L1 tumor proportion score increased in a significant proportion of patients with NSCLC after platinum-based NACT (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p=0.002). That pattern was consistent across clinically defined subgroups except for patients with partial response to NACT. Tumors from 26 patients (30.2%) were PD-L1‒negative before NACT but PD-L1-positive after NACT, whereas the reverse pattern occurred in six patients (7%) (McNemar’s test, p < 0.001). Increase in PD-L1 tumor proportion score was significantly associated with lack of response to NACT (Fisher exact test, p=0.015). There was a tendency, albeit not statistically significant, for patients with an increase in PD-L1 tumor proportion score to have shorter survival.
Conclusion
Tumor PD-L1 expression increased after platinum-based NACT in a significant proportion of patients with NSCLC. Increase in tumor PD-L1 expression may predict poor clinical outcome.

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Genetic Alterations and Their Clinical Implications in High-Recurrence Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Min-Young Lee, Bo Mi Ku, Hae Su Kim, Ji Yun Lee, Sung Hee Lim, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Keunchil Park, Young Lyun Oh, Mineui Hong, Han-Sin Jeong, Young-Ik Son, Chung-Hwan Baek, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(4):906-914. Published online December 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.424

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) frequently involve genetic alterations. The objective of this study was to investigate genetic alterations and further explore the relationships between these genetic alterations and clinicopathological characteristics in a high-recurrence risk (node positive, N1) PTC group.
Materials and Methods
Tumor tissue blocks were obtained from 240 surgically resected patients with histologically confirmed stage III/IV (pT3/4 or N1) PTCs. We screened gene fusions using NanoString’s nCountertechnology and mutational analysiswas performed by directDNA sequencing.Data describing the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical courses were retrospectively collected.
Results
Of the 240 PTC patients, 207 (86.3%) had at least one genetic alteration, including BRAF mutation in 190 patients (79.2%), PIK3CA mutation in 25 patients (10.4%), NTRK1/3 fusion in six patients (2.5%), and RET fusion in 24 patients (10.0%). Concomitant presence of more than two genetic alterations was seen in 36 patients (15%). PTCs harboring BRAF mutation were associated with RET wild-type expression (p=0.001). RET fusion genes have been found to occur with significantly higher frequency in N1b stage patients (p=0.003) or groups of patients aged 45 years or older (p=0.031); however, no significant correlation was found between other genetic alterations. There was no trend toward favorable recurrence-free survival or overall survival among patients lacking genetic alterations.
Conclusion
In the selected high-recurrence risk PTC group, most patients had more than one genetic alteration. However, these known alterations could not entirely account for clinicopathological features of high-recurrence risk PTC.

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Clinicopathologic Features and Long-Term Outcomes of Elderly Breast Cancer Patients: Experiences at a Single Institution in Korea: Hee Kyung Kim, Jun Soo Ham, Seonggyu Byeon, Kwai Han Yoo, Ki Sun Jung, Haa-Na Song, Jinhyun Cho, Ji Yun Lee, Sung Hee Lim, Hae Su Kim, Ji-Yeon Kim, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Won Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Se Kyung Lee, Soo Youn Bae, Jin Seok Ahn, Young-Hyuck Im, Yeon Hee Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(4):1382-1388. Published online March 11, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.423

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the tumor characteristics and long-term clinical outcomes of adjuvant treatments after surgery with a curative aim for patients with breast cancer who are 65 years and older. Materials and Methods Patients with breast cancer who underwent curative surgery from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed (n=4,388). Tumor characteristics and survival outcome were compared by dividing the patients into two age groups (< 65 and ≥ 65 years old). The Kaplan-Meier method was used for comparison of survival rates by log-rank test, and a Cox regression model was used to examine the effect of variables.
Results
Among 4,388 patients with invasive breast cancer, 317 patients (7.2%) were 65 years or older and the median age of all patients was 47 years (range, 18 to 91 years). Tumor characteristics were similar between the two age groups, but the older patients were treated less often with adjuvant treatments. During a median follow-up period of 122 months, recurrence-free survival (RFS) was equivalent for patients 65 years and older compared to younger patients, but significantly worse in overall survival (OS) and breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS) (5-year OS, 94.3% vs. 90.5%; p < 0.001 and 5-year BCSS, 94.7% vs. 91.8%; p=0.031). In the multivariate model, age ≥ 65 years old was identified as an independent risk factor for OS and RFS. Conclusion Elderly breast cancer appeared to have worse outcomes with very low prevalence in Korea, despite similar tumor characteristics. More active adjuvant therapies would have a role for aggressive subtypes for fit, elderly patients.

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Kamal Saeed, Shewaz Salih
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Qixing Tan, Qinghong Qin, Weiping Yang, Bin Lian, Qinguo Mo, Changyuan Wei
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Clinical Practices and Outcomes on Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Management in South Korea: Comparison with Asia-Pacific Data of the Pan Australasian Chemotherapy Induced Emesis Burden of Illness Study: Myung Ah Lee, Eun Kyung Cho, Sung Yong Oh, Joong Bae Ahn, Ji Yun Lee, Burke Thomas, Hun Jung, Jong Gwang Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(4):1420-1428. Published online February 12, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.309

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study reported patient outcomes of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prophylaxis for highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) regimens and evaluated its adherence to acute-phase CINV prophylaxis in the Korean population subset of the Pan Australasian Chemotherapy Induced Emesis burden of illness (PrACTICE) study. Materials and Methods This subgroup analysis evaluated 158 Korean patients receiving HEC or MEC and compared the data (wherever possible) with that of 648 patients from the Asia-Pacific (AP) region. Study endpoints included evaluation of primary CINV prophylaxis and adherence to acutephase CINV prophylaxis in cycle 1 (American Society of Clinical Oncology [ASCO] Quality Oncology Practice Initiative [QOPI]).
Results
In South Korea and the AP, a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist (5HT3-RA) prophylaxis for the acute phase was administered to 79/80 patients (98.8%) for HEC and 70/71 patients (98.6%) for MEC regimens (QOPI-1). Triple regimen (corticosteroid–5HT3-RA–neurokinin 1-RA) was initiated in 46/80 patients (57.5%) for prophylaxis of acute CINV in cycle 1 of HEC (QOPI-3). Double regimen (corticosteroid–5HT3-RA, with or within NK1-RA) was initiated in 61/71 patients (83.1%) for control of acute CINV in cycle 1 of MEC a(QOPI-2). Conclusion Active management of CINV is necessary in cycle 1 of HEC in South Korea, despite higher rates than the AP region. Adherence to the international guidelines for CINV prophylaxis requires attention in the acute phase in cycle 1 of the HEC regimen.

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Association between PD-L1 and HPV Status and the Prognostic Value of PD-L1 in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Hae Su Kim, Ji Yun Lee, Sung Hee Lim, Keunchil Park, Jong-Mu Sun, Young Hyeh Ko, Chung-Hwan Baek, Young-ik Son, Han Sin Jeong, Yong Chan Ahn, Min-Young Lee, Mineui Hong, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):527-536. Published online September 15, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.249

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been recognized as an immunosuppressive disease. Various mechanisms have been proposed for immune escape, including dysregulation of immune checkpoints such as the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway. We investigated the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in HPV-negative and HPV-positive OSCC to determine its prevalence and prognostic relevance.
Materials and Methods
Using immunohistochemistry, 133 cases of OSCC were evaluated for expression of PD-L1. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples were stained with monoclonal antibody (clone 5H1) to PD-L1. PD-L1 positivity was defined as membrane staining in ≥20% of tumor cells. Correlations between PD-L1 expression and HPV status and survival parameters were analyzed.
Results
Of the 133 patients, 68% showed PD-L1 expression, and 67% of patients were positive for p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. No significant difference in PD-L1 expression was observed between HPV(-) and HPV(+) tumors (61% vs. 71%, p=0.274). No significant difference in age, gender, smoking history, location of tumor origin, or stage was observed according to PD-L1 status. With a median follow-up period of 44 months, older age (≥65) (p=0.017) and T3-4 stage (p<0.001) were associated with poor overall survival (OS), whereas PD-L1 expression did not affect OS in univariate and multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
PD-L1 expression was observed in the majority of OSCC patients regardless of HPV status. Further large prospective studies are required to determine the role of PD-L1 expression as a prognostic or predictive biomarker, and clinical studies of immune checkpoint inhibitors in OCSS are warranted regardless of HPV status.

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Is There Evidence for the Presence and Relevance of the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Hints From an Immunohistochemical Study
Matthias Troeltzsch, Timothy Woodlock, Alix Pianka, Sven Otto, Markus Troeltzsch, Michael Ehrenfeld, Thomas Knösel
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Sophie Outh-Gauer, Christophe Le Tourneau, Chloé Broudin, Florian Scotte, Hélène Roussel, Stéphane Hans, Marion Mandavit, Eric Tartour, Cécile Badoual
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Overview of Sinonasal and Ventral Skull Base Malignancy Management
Peter F. Svider, Michael Setzen, Soly Baredes, James K. Liu, Jean Anderson Eloy
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PD-L1 expression and CD8+ infiltration shows heterogeneity in Juvenile Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Tingyu Liu, Max Greenberg, Carissa Wentland, Brandon Sepe, Sarah Bowe, Gillian Diercks, Tiffany Huynh, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Richard Schlegel, David Kodack, Cyril Benes, Jeffrey Engelman, Christopher Hartnick
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Programmed cell death ligand 1 as a biomarker in head and neck cancer
Sara I. Pai, William C. Faquin
Cancer Cytopathology.2017; 125(7): 529. CrossRef
Turning the tide: Clinical utility of PD-L1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Astrid De Meulenaere, Tijl Vermassen, Sandrine Aspeslagh, Wouter Huvenne, Jo Van Dorpe, Liesbeth Ferdinande, Sylvie Rottey
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Time to change perspectives on HPV in oropharyngeal cancer. A systematic review of HPV prevalence per oropharyngeal sub-site the last 3 years
Linnea Haeggblom, Torbjörn Ramqvist, Massimo Tommasino, Tina Dalianis, Anders Näsman
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Panagiotis Balermpas, Franz Rödel, Mechthild Krause, Annett Linge, Fabian Lohaus, Michael Baumann, Inge Tinhofer, Volker Budach, Ali Sak, Martin Stuschke, Eleni Gkika, Anca-Ligia Grosu, Amir Abdollahi, Jürgen Debus, Stefan Stangl, Ute Ganswindt, Claus Bel
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Ji Li, Ping Wang, Youliang Xu, Jung Weon Lee
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Association between PD-L1 and HPV status and the prognostic value for HPV treatment in premalignant cervical lesion patients
Feng Yang-Chun, Cheng Zhen-Zhen, Huang Yan-Chun, Ma Xiu-Min
Medicine.2017; 96(25): e7270. CrossRef
Expressions of programmed death (PD)‐1 and PD‐1 ligand (PD‐L1) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinomas are of prognostic value and associated with human papillomavirus status
Wen Yang, Yan‐Ping Lu, Yi‐Zhou Yang, Jia‐Rui Kang, Yi‐Duo Jin, Hong‐Wei Wang
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Safety and Antitumor Activity of Pembrolizumab in Patients With Programmed Death-Ligand 1–Positive Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Results of the KEYNOTE-028 Study
Chiun Hsu, Se-Hoon Lee, Samuel Ejadi, Caroline Even, Roger B. Cohen, Christophe Le Tourneau, Janice M. Mehnert, Alain Algazi, Emilie M.J. van Brummelen, Sanatan Saraf, Pradeep Thanigaimani, Jonathan D. Cheng, Aaron R. Hansen
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M. Taberna, M. Mena, M.A. Pavón, L. Alemany, M.L. Gillison, R. Mesía
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Oral Oncology.2017; 75: 6. CrossRef
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Tumoral PD-L1 expression defines a subgroup of poor-prognosis vulvar carcinomas with non-viral etiology
Thomas Hecking, Thore Thiesler, Cynthia Schiller, Jean-Marc Lunkenheimer, Tiyasha H. Ayub, Andrea Rohr, Mateja Condic, Mignon-Denise Keyver-Paik, Rolf Fimmers, Jutta Kirfel, Walther Kuhn, Glen Kristiansen, Kirsten Kübler
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Impact on Survival of Regular Postoperative Surveillance for Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Ji Yun Lee, Sung Hee Lim, Min-Young Lee, Haesu Kim, Moonjin Kim, Sungmin Kim, Hyun Ae Jung, Insuk Sohn, Won Ho Gil, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Won Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Jin Seok Ahn, Young-Hyuck Im, Yeon Hee Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):765-773. Published online January 13, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.168

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of regular postoperative surveillance to improve the prognosis of patients with breast cancer after curative surgery. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 4,119 patients who received curative surgery for breast cancer at Samsung Medical Center between January 2000 and September 2008. Patients were divided into two groups (group I, regular postoperative surveillance; group II, control group) according to their post-therapy follow-up status for the first 5 years after surgery. Results Among the 3,770 patients selected for inclusion, groups I and II contained 3,300 (87%) and 470 (13%) patients, respectively. The recurrence rates at 5 years for groups I and II were 10.6% and 16.4%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 1.09; p=0.197). The 10-year mortality cumulative rates were 8.8% for group I and 25.4% for group II (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.35; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis for recurrence-free survival (RFS), age over 40 years (p < 0.001), histologic grade 1 (p < 0.001), and pathologic stage I (p < 0.001) were associated with longer RFS but not with follow- up status. Multivariate analysis for overall survival (OS) revealed that patients in group I showed significantly improved OS (hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.37; p < 0.001). Additionally, age over 40 years, histologic grade I, and pathologic stage I were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion Regular follow-up for patients with breast cancer after primary surgery resulted in clinically significant improvements in patient OS.

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Boris Galjart, Diederik J. Höppener, Joachim G.J.V. Aerts, Christiaan H. Bangma, Cornelis Verhoef, Dirk J. Grünhagen
European Journal of Cancer.2022; 174: 185. CrossRef
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Invasive Breast Cancer: Age-Specific Analysis of a Modern Hospital-Based Registry
Ji-Yeon Kim, Danbee Kang, Seok Jin Nam, Seok Won Kim, Jeong Eon Lee, Jong Han Yu, Se Kyung Lee, Young-Hyuck Im, Jin Seok Ahn, Eliseo Guallar, Juhee Cho, Yeon Hee Park
Journal of Global Oncology.2019; (5): 1. CrossRef
Follow-Up Recommendations after Curative Resection of Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumours: Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Practice
Angela Lamarca, Hamish Clouston, Jorge Barriuso, Mairéad G McNamara, Melissa Frizziero, Was Mansoor, Richard A Hubner, Prakash Manoharan, Sarah O’Dwyer, Juan W Valle
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(10): 1630. CrossRef
Analysis of patient-detected breast cancer recurrence
Trishul Kapoor, Sean Wrenn, Peter Callas, Ted A. James
Breast Disease.2017; 37(2): 77. CrossRef

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Regorafenib as Salvage Treatment in Korean Patients with Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Seung Tae Kim, Tae Won Kim, Kyu-pyo Kim, Tae-You Kim, Sae-Won Han, Ji Yun Lee, Sung Hee Lim, Min-Young Lee, Haesu Kim, Young Suk Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):790-795. Published online December 2, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.126

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Regorafenib, an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is considered the new standard of care in patients with chemotherapy-refractory colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, there are no data on this drug in Korean patients.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated patients who received oral regorafenib 160 mg once daily during the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle between August 2013 and September 2013. All patients had previously progressed fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin with or without biologic agents such as cetuximab or bevacizumab.
Results
Thirty-two patients were enrolled (median age, 57 years; male:female ratio, 20:12; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [0-1:2], 31:1; colon:rectum, 21:11). The overall response rate was 3.1% and the disease control rate was 50.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]) with one partial response and 15 patients with stable disease. The median progression-free survival was 4.2 months (95% CI, 3.1 to 5.2 months) and the median overall survival has not yet been reached. The most common adverse events of grade two or higher related to regorafenib were hand-foot skin reaction (25%), mucositis (19%), abdominal pain (9%), and liver function test (LFT) abnormalities (9%). Grade 3 or 4 toxicities included LFT abnormalities (9%), abdominal pain (9%), rash (6%), anemia (3%), leukopenia (3%), neutropenic fever (3%), and fatigue (3%). There was no treatment-related death.
Conclusion
Regorafenib appears to have promising activity and tolerable toxicity profiles in Korean patients with refractory CRC, consistent with the CORRECT trial findings.

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Salvage Treatment Option for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer:Regorafenib
Havva YESİL CİNKİR
SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2020; 27(4): 471. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of regorafenib in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Maria Røed Skårderud, Anne Polk, Kirsten Kjeldgaard Vistisen, Finn Ole Larsen, Dorte Lisbet Nielsen
Cancer Treatment Reviews.2018; 62: 61. CrossRef
The real-world use of regorafenib for metastatic colorectal cancer: multicentre analysis of treatment pattern and outcomes in Hong Kong
Ka-On Lam, Kin-Chung Lee, Joanne Chiu, Victor Ho-Fun Lee, Roland Leung, T S Choy, Thomas Yau
Postgraduate Medical Journal.2017; 93(1101): 395. CrossRef
Pseudocirrhosis caused by regorafenib in an advanced rectal cancer patient with multiple liver metastases
Kensuke Kumamoto, Shungo Endo, Noriyuki Isohata, Azuma Nirei, Daiki Nemoto, Kenichi Utano, Takuro Saito, Kazutomo Togashi
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2017; 6(1): 63. CrossRef
Incidence and risk of hematologic toxicities in cancer patients treated with regorafenib
Bin Zhao, Hong Zhao
Oncotarget.2017; 8(55): 93813. CrossRef
Efficacy, Safety and Cost of Regorafenib in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in French Clinical Practice
Fabien Calcagno, Sabrina Lenoble, Zaher Lakkis, Thierry Nguyen, Samuel Limat, Christophe Borg, Marine Jary, Stefano Kim, Virginie Nerich
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

13,802 View
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Case Report

Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Solid Tumor: A Case Report of a Patient with Invasive Thymoma: Ji Yun Lee, Sung Hee Lim, Ji Young Lee, Ji Hoon Kim, Ki Hong Choi, Keunchil Park, Jong-Mu Sun, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(4):343-348. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.4.343

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) has rarely been observed in solid tumors. We report on a case of a patient with advanced invasive thymoma who developed tumor lysis syndrome after chemotherapy. The potential complications of TLS should be considered in treatment of extensive thymoma.

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Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome as a rare presentation of thymoma with peripheral blood lymphocytosis
Larry E Nyanti, Andy Sing Ong Tang, Adam Malik b Ismail, Lee Ping Chew, Tze Shin Leong
Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Patients With Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases
Riyadh M Alqurashi , Husam H Tamim, Ziyad D Alsubhi, Alyazid A Alzahrani, Emad Tashkandi
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome in cervical cancer
Yu Kyung Kim, Ji Yeon Ham, Won-Kil Lee, Kyung Eun Song
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.2017; 37(5): 679. CrossRef
Ifosfamide/mesna/paclitaxel

Reactions Weekly.2015; 1547(1): 151. CrossRef
Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Solid Tumors: An up to Date Review of the Literature
Aibek E. Mirrakhimov, Alaa M. Ali, Maliha Khan, Aram Barbaryan
Rare Tumors.2014; 6(2): 68. CrossRef

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