Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Gastrointestinal cancer

Inhibition of WEE1 Potentiates Sensitivity to PARP Inhibitor in Biliary Tract Cancer: Hye-Rim Seo, Ah-Rong Nam, Ju-Hee Bang, Kyoung-Seok Oh, Jae-Min Kim, Jeesun Yoon, Tae-Yong Kim, Do-Youn Oh; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):541-553. Published online August 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.473

Purpose
Up to 20% of patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) have alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) genes, including homologous recombination (HR) genes. Therefore, the DDR pathway could be a promising target for new drug development in BTC. We aim to investigate the anti-tumor effects using poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and WEE1 inhibitors in BTC.
Materials and Methods
We used 10 BTC cell lines to evaluate an anti-tumor effect of olaparib (a PARP inhibitor) and AZD1775 (a WEE1 inhibitor) in in vitro. Additionally, we established SNU869 xenograft model for in vivo experiments.
Results
In this study, we observed a modest anti-proliferative effect of olaparib. DNA double-strand break (DSB) and apoptosis were increased by olaparib in BTC cells. However, olaparib-induced DNA DSB was repaired through the HR pathway, and G2 arrest was induced to secure the time for repair. As AZD1775 typically regulates the G2/M checkpoint, we combined olaparib with AZD1775 to abrogate G2 arrest. We observed that AZD1775 downregulated p-CDK1, a G2/M cell cycle checkpoint protein, and induced early mitotic entry. AZD1775 also decreased CtIP and RAD51 expression and disrupted HR repair. In xenograft model, olaparib plus AZD1775 treatment reduced tumor growth more potently than did monotherapy with either drug.
Conclusion
This is the first study to suggest that olaparib combined with AZD1775 can induce synergistic anti-tumor effects against BTC. Combination therapy that blocks dual PARP and WEE1 has the potential to be further clinically developed for BTC patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Current and Future Therapeutic Targets for Directed Molecular Therapies in Cholangiocarcinoma
Philipp Heumann, Andreas Albert, Karsten Gülow, Denis Tümen, Martina Müller, Arne Kandulski
Cancers.2024; 16(9): 1690. CrossRef
Combined strategies with PARP inhibitors for the treatment of BRCA wide type cancer
Yijun Xie, Di Xiao, Duo Li, Mei Peng, Wei Peng, Huaxin Duan, Xiaoping Yang
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Update on Combination Strategies of PARP Inhibitors
Zhuoqun Lin, Lingfang Wang, Ziyu Xing, Fenfen Wang, Xiaodong Cheng
Cancer Control.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The mechanism and clinical application of DNA damage repair inhibitors combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of urologic cancer
Deqian Xie, Bowen Jiang, Shijin Wang, Qifei Wang, Guangzhen Wu
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
DNA Damage Response Inhibitors in Cholangiocarcinoma: Current Progress and Perspectives
Öykü Gönül Geyik, Giulia Anichini, Engin Ulukaya, Fabio Marra, Chiara Raggi
Cells.2022; 11(9): 1463. CrossRef
Targeted Therapy of HPV Positive and Negative Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Reveals Synergy between CDK4/6, PI3K and Sometimes FGFR Inhibitors, but Rarely between PARP and WEE1 Inhibitors
Ourania N. Kostopoulou, Mark Zupancic, Mariona Pont, Emma Papin, Monika Lukoseviciute, Borja Agirre Mikelarena, Stefan Holzhauser, Tina Dalianis
Viruses.2022; 14(7): 1372. CrossRef
Targeted Therapy with PI3K, PARP, and WEE1 Inhibitors and Radiotherapy in HPV Positive and Negative Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Reveals Synergy while Effects with APR-246 Are Limited
Karin Byskata, Monika Lukoseviciute, Filippo Tuti, Mark Zupancic, Ourania N. Kostopoulou, Stefan Holzhauser, Tina Dalianis
Cancers.2022; 15(1): 93. CrossRef

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Targeting Hypoxia Using Evofosfamide and Companion Hypoxia Imaging of FMISO-PET in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Jeesun Yoon, Seo Young Kang, Kyung-Hun Lee, Gi Jeong Cheon, Do-Youn Oh; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):471-479. Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.577

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Hypoxia is widely known as one of the mechanisms of chemoresistance and as an environmental condition which triggers invasion and metastasis of cancer. Evofosfamide is a hypoxia-activated prodrug of the cytotoxin bromo-isophosphoramide mustard conjugated with 2-nitroimidazole. Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is known to contain large hypoxic area. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of evofosfamide as a second-line treatment of advanced BTC.
Materials and Methods
Patients received evofosfamide at a dose of 340 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 28-day cycle. Primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 4-months (4m-PFSR). Secondary end-points included overall survival (OS), PFS, disease control rate (DCR), metabolic response by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET), hypoxic parameters evaluated by ¹⁸F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) PET and toxicity.
Results
Twenty patients were treated with evofosfamide, with 16 response-evaluable patients. There was no objective response; stable disease was observed in nine patients, with a DCR of 56.25%. 4m-PFSR was 40.6%. Median PFS was 3.60 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68 to 5.52). Median OS was 6.37 months (95% CI, 3.94 to 8.79). Reduction of tumor metabolic activity was observed in eight of 15 patients (53.3%). High baseline hypoxic parameters were associated with poor PFS. Change of hypoxic parameters between pretreatment and post-treatment reflected hypoxic-activated drug response. There was no treatment-related death.
Conclusion
Evofosfamide as second-line treatment of advanced BTC showed acceptable safety and comparable efficacy to other agents. Changes in volumetric parameters measured with FMISO PET, showing the degree of tumor hypoxia, reflected the response to evofosfamide based on the mode of action.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Functional Imaging of Hypoxia: PET and MRI
Ryan C. Perez, DaeHee Kim, Aaron W. P. Maxwell, Juan C. Camacho
Cancers.2023; 15(13): 3336. CrossRef
Phase Ib dose-escalation study of the hypoxia-modifier Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate in patients with hepatopancreatobiliary tumors
Marcel A. Schneider, Michael Linecker, Ralph Fritsch, Urs J. Muehlematter, Daniel Stocker, Bernhard Pestalozzi, Panagiotis Samaras, Alexander Jetter, Philipp Kron, Henrik Petrowsky, Claude Nicolau, Jean-Marie Lehn, Bostjan Humar, Rolf Graf, Pierre-Alain C
Nature Communications.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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