Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Clinical Relevance of Starting Alectinib at a Reduced Dose in Patients with ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Junkyu Kim, Min-Ji Kim, Jinyong Kim, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn, Jong-Mu Sun; Received December 14, 2024 Accepted April 22, 2025 Published online April 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1209 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Alectinib has been approved for Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 300mg twice daily in Japan, lower than global standard of 600mg twice daily. This study evaluated the clinical relevance of the reduced dose by comparing outcomes between the two doses.
Materials and Methods
This study included patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC who received alectinib at Samsung Medical Center, Korea. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, cumulative incidence of central nervous system (CNS) progression, and safety profiles were retrospectively reviewed and compared.
Results
Among 306 patients, 32 and 274 received alectinib at either 300 or 600 mg twice daily, respectively. The 300 mg group showed a slight but not significant advantage in PFS (HR 0.82, 95% CI, 0.44-1.51; p=0.51) and overall survival (HR 0.51, 95% CI, 0.20-1.21; p=0.13). Superior outcome with 300mg was remarkable in patients with lower body weight (≤60 kg), but diminished in patients with higher body weights. Patients with baseline brain metastasis in the 300mg group exhibited a slight increase in incidence of CNS failure (HR 1.76, 95% CI, 0.53-5.8; p=0.36). Although the safety profiles were mostly mild, adverse events were more frequent in the 600mg group, 50% of which requiring dose reduction.
Conclusion
Alectinib at 300 mg twice daily seems an acceptable dose in East Asians with ALK-positive NSCLC. Notably, our data favor 300 mg twice daily in patients with lower body weight and no baseline brain metastasis, considering the more tolerable safety profiles and the potential to reduce medical costs.

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in Patients with Stage IIIA/N2 Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Completely Resected after Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiation: A Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Trial: Junghoon Shin, Sehhoon Park, Kyung Hwan Kim, Eui-Cheol Shin, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong Ho Cho, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Yong Soo Choi, Jin Seok Ahn, Jhingook Kim, Keunchil Park, Young Mog Shim, Hong Kwan Kim, Jae Myoung Noh, Yong Chan Ahn, Hongryull Pyo, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1084-1095. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.084

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Optimal treatment for stage IIIA/N2 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of adjuvant pembrolizumab for stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC completely resected after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT).
Materials and Methods
In this open-label, single-center, single-arm phase 2 trial, patients with stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC received adjuvant pembrolizumab for up to 2 years after complete resection following neoadjuvant CCRT. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and safety. As an exploratory biomarker analysis, we evaluated the proliferative response of blood CD39⁺PD-1⁺CD8⁺ T cells using fold changes in the percentage of proliferating Ki-67⁺ cells from days 1 to 7 of cycle 1 (Ki-67_D7/D1).
Results
Between October 2017 and October 2018, 37 patients were enrolled. Twelve (32%) and three (8%) patients harbored EGFR and ALK alterations, respectively. Of 34 patients with programmed cell death ligand 1 assessment, 21 (62%), nine (26%), and four (12%) had a tumor proportion score of < 1%, 1%-50%, and ≥ 50%, respectively. The median follow-up was 71 months. The median DFS was 22.4 months in the overall population, with a 5-year DFS rate of 29%. The OS rate was 86% at 2 years and 76% at 5 years. Patients with tumor recurrence within 6 months had a significantly lower Ki-67D7/D1 among CD39⁺PD-1⁺CD8⁺ T cells than those without (p=0.036). No new safety signals were identified.
Conclusion
Adjuvant pembrolizumab may offer durable disease control in a subset of stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients after neoadjuvant CCRT and surgery.

Citations

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Adjuvant immunotherapy improves survival in completely resected stage IB–III NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hong Huang, Pengchen Bao, Hongyu Jin, Wenyang Li, Hui Shen, Zhen Qin, Ying Pan, Xinming Su, Delei Kong
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Advances in molecular pathology and therapy of non-small cell lung cancer
Qing Huang, Yuanxiang Li, Yingdan Huang, Jingyi Wu, Wendai Bao, Chang Xue, Xiaoyu Li, Shuang Dong, Zhiqiang Dong, Sheng Hu
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Endocrine cancer

Combination of Dabrafenib and Trametinib in Patients with Metastatic BRAF^V600E-Mutated Thyroid Cancer: Youngkyung Jeon, Sehhoon Park, Se-Hoon Lee, Tae Hyuk Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, Hyun Ae Jung, Jae Hoon Chung; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1270-1276. Published online March 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1278

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
BRAF mutations are detected in 30%-80% of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cases. DaBRAFenib and trametinib showed promising antitumor activity in patients with BRAF^V600E-mutated metastatic melanoma and non–small cell lung cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of daBRAFenib and trametinib in patients with metastatic BRAF^V600E-mutated thyroid cancer.
Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of daBRAFenib and trametinib in patients with metastatic BRAF^V600E-mutated PTC. The patients received daBRAFenib 150 mg twice daily and trametinib 2 mg once daily at the Samsung Medical Center. This study evaluated the progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) overall survival (OS), and safety of daBRAFenib and trametinib.
Results
Between December 2019 and January 2022, 27 PTC patients including eight patients with poorly differentiated or anaplastic transformation, received daBRAFenib and trametinib. The median age was 73.0 years, and the median follow-up period was 19.8 months. The majority (81.5%) had undergone thyroidectomy, while 8 patients had received prior systemic treatments. ORR was 73.1%, with 19 partial responses, and DCR was 92.3%. Median PFS was 21.7 months, and median OS was 21.7 months. Treatment-related adverse events included generalized weakness (29.6%), fever (25.9%), and gastrointestinal problems (22.2%). Dose reduction due to adverse events was required in 81.5% of the patients.
Conclusion
DaBRAFenib and trametinib demonstrated a high ORR with promising PFS; however, most patients with BRAF^V600E-mutated metastatic PTC required a dose reduction.

Citations

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A comprehensive review of RAF kinase: advances in inhibition strategies for drug development
Dilay Kahvecioglu
Journal of Molecular Structure.2025; 1337: 142206. CrossRef
Development of a coagulation‑related gene model for prognostication, immune response and treatment prediction in lung adenocarcinoma
Jia Li, Xuedi Gao, Lin Lv, Yubin Huang, Houlu Zhang, Xiaoming Sun, Liangming Zhu
Oncology Letters.2025; 29(6): 1. CrossRef
Systemic Therapeutic Options in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Current Indications and Optimal Timing
Tamara Díaz Vico, Brezo Martínez-Amores Martínez, Luka Mihic Góngora, Paula Jiménez-Fonseca, Paloma Peinado Martín, Irene Grao Torrente, Alejandro García Muñoz-Nájar, Manuel Durán-Poveda
Cancers.2025; 17(11): 1800. CrossRef
Thyroid Cancer: Epidemiology, Classification, Risk Factors, Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers, and Current Treatment Strategies
Alicja Forma, Karolina Kłodnicka, Weronika Pająk, Jolanta Flieger, Barbara Teresińska, Jacek Januszewski, Jacek Baj
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(11): 5173. CrossRef
Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers; Part III. Management of Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancers - Chapter 4. Systemic Therapy for Progressive Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 2
Dong Yeob Shin, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Young Joo Park, Young Shin Song, Eun Kyung Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Yun Jae Chung, Won Gu Kim
International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(1): 168. CrossRef
Antineoplastic Effect of ALK Inhibitor Crizotinib in Primary Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells with STRN–ALK Fusion In Vitro
Silvia Martina Ferrari, Francesca Ragusa, Giusy Elia, Valeria Mazzi, Eugenia Balestri, Chiara Botrini, Licia Rugani, Armando Patrizio, Simona Piaggi, Concettina La Motta, Salvatore Ulisse, Camilla Virili, Alessandro Antonelli, Poupak Fallahi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(12): 6734. CrossRef
The Long Journey towards Personalized Targeted Therapy in Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (PDTC): A Case Report and Systematic Review
Odysseas Violetis, Panagiota Konstantakou, Ariadni Spyroglou, Antonios Xydakis, Panagiotis B. Kekis, Sofia Tseleni, Denise Kolomodi, Manousos Konstadoulakis, George Mastorakos, Maria Theochari, Javier Aller, Krystallenia I. Alexandraki
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(6): 654. CrossRef
Treatment of Unresectable BRAF V600E, TERT-Mutated Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Dabrafenib and Trametinib
Neha Bapat, Tatiana Ferraro, Layal Esper, Arjun S Joshi, Faysal Haroun, Chelsey K Baldwin
JCEM Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Trametinib

Reactions Weekly.2024; 2035(1): 467. CrossRef

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Special Article

Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Solid Cancer: A Joint Report from KSMO and KSP: Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun Min Lim, Han Sang Kim, Choong-kun Lee, Jee Hung Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Jina Yun, So Yeon Park, Hye Seung Lee, Yong Mee Cho, Soo Jeong Nam, Kiyong Na, Sun Och Yoon, Ahwon Lee, Kee-Taek Jang, Hongseok Yun, Sungyoung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Wan-Seop Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):721-742. Published online November 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1043

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based genetic testing has become crucial in cancer care. While its primary objective is to identify actionable genetic alterations to guide treatment decisions, its scope has broadened to encompass aiding in pathological diagnosis and exploring resistance mechanisms. With the ongoing expansion in NGS application and reliance, a compelling necessity arises for expert consensus on its application in solid cancers. To address this demand, the forthcoming recommendations not only provide pragmatic guidance for the clinical use of NGS but also systematically classify actionable genes based on specific cancer types. Additionally, these recommendations will incorporate expert perspectives on crucial biomarkers, ensuring informed decisions regarding circulating tumor DNA panel testing.

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Real-World Data: Implementation and Outcomes of Next-Generation Sequencing in the MENA Region
Rami Mahfouz, Reine Abou Zeidane, Tasnim Diab, Ali Tarhini, Eman Sbaity, Houry Kazarian, Yomna El Zibaoui, Nour Sabiha Naji, Mounir Barake, Hazem I. Assi
Diagnostics.2025; 15(10): 1183. CrossRef
Exploring PIXE Applications in Oncology: A Comprehensive Review
G. J. Naga Raju
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology.2025; : 261. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Gastrointestinal cancer

Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Therapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Arm, Phase II Study: Sehhoon Park, Yurimi Lee, Jiyun Lee, Yang Won Min, Hong Kwan Kim, Joon Young Choi, Hyun Ae Jung, Yong Soo Choi, Yoon-La Choi, Young Mog Shim, Jong-Mu Sun; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):567-579. Published online October 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.897

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have shown efficacy in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) therapy. However, data is still limited regarding neoadjuvant immunotherapy for operable ESCC.
Materials and Methods
Patients with clinical stage T2 or T3 and N0 ESCC received three cycles of nivolumab therapy every two weeks before surgical resection. The primary endpoint is major pathologic responses (MPR) rate (≤ 10% of residual viable tumor [RVT]).
Results
Total 20 patients completed the planned nivolumab therapy. Among them, 17 patients underwent surgery as protocol, showing MPR in two patients (MPR rate, 11.8%), including one pathologic complete response, on conventional pathologic response evaluation. Pathologic response was re-evaluated using the immune-related pathologic response criteria based on immune-related RVT (irRVT). Three patients were classified as immunologic major pathologic response (iMPR; ≤ 10% irRVT, iMPR rate: 17.6%), five as pathologic partial response (> 10% and < 90% irRVT), and nine as pathologic nonresponse (≥ 90% irRVT). The combined positive score (CPS) for PD-L1 in the baseline samples was predictable for iMPR, with the probability as 37.5% in CPS ≥ 10 (3/8) and 0% in CPS < 10 (0/9).
Conclusion
Although the efficacy of neoadjuvant nivolumab therapy was modest in unselected ESCC patients, further researches on neoadjuvant immunotherapy are necessary in patients with PD-L1 expressed ESCC.

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

First-Line Alectinib vs. Brigatinib in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with ALK Rearrangement: Real-World Data: Youngkyung Jeon, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):61-69. Published online July 14, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.461

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Alectinib and brigatinib are second-generation anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinases (ALKs) that are widely used as first-line therapy for treating ALK-positive advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Given the lack of a head-to-head comparison of these drugs as first-line therapies, this retrospective observational study aimed to compare the real-world efficacy and safety of alectinib and brigatinib.
Materials and Methods
Patients who received alectinib or brigatinib as the first-line treatment for ALK-positive advanced NSCLC were evaluated for clinical outcomes of objective response rate (ORR), intracranial ORR, time to next treatment (TTNT), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety profiles.
Results
Of 208 patients who received either alectinib or brigatinib as a first-line treatment, 176 received alectinib and 32 received brigatinib. At the data cutoff point, the median follow-up duration was 16.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.7 to 18.3) in the brigatinib group and 27.5 months (95% CI, 24.6 to 30.4) in the alectinib group. The ORR was 92.5% with alectinib and 93.8% for brigatinib. The intracranial ORR rates were 92.7% (38/41) and 100% (10/10), respectively. The rate of PFS at 12 months was comparable between the alectinib group and the brigatinib groups (84.4% vs. 84.1%, p=0.64), and the median TTNT, PFS, and OS were not reached in either group. Treatment-related adverse events were usually mild, and treatment discontinuation due to adverse events was rare (alectinib 4.5% vs. brigatinib 6.25%).
Conclusion
Alectinib and brigatinib had similar clinical benefits when used as the first-line treatment of NSCLC patients with ALK rearrangement in the real world.

Citations

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Efficacy and safety of brigatinib in patients with ALK TKI-naive advanced ALK+ NSCLC: Integrated analysis of the ALTA-1L and J-ALTA trials
D. Ross Camidge, Shunichi Sugawara, Masashi Kondo, Hye Ryun Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, James C.H. Yang, Ji-Youn Han, Maximilian J. Hochmair, Ki Hyeong Lee, Angelo Delmonte, Kentarou Kudou, Takayuki Asato, Bradley Hupf, Florin Vranceanu, Robert J. Fram, Yuichiro O
Lung Cancer.2025; 201: 108424. CrossRef
Effectiveness of First-Line Treatment with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase and ROS1 Protoncogene Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients—Real-World Evidence of Two Polish Cancer Centers
Michał Gil, Kinga Winiarczyk, Paweł Krawczyk, Kamila Wojas-Krawczyk, Aleksandra Łomża-Łaba, Adrian Obara, Łukasz Gajek, Katarzyna Reszka, Andrzej Tysarowski, Jarosław Buczkowski, Izabela Chmielewska, Tomasz Jankowski, Magdalena Szuba-Gil, Maciej Strzemski
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Oncogenic Fusions in NSCLC: From Mechanisms to Clinical Applications
Nyein Wint Yee Theik, Suset Almuinas De Armas, Daniel Rosas, Amy Kiamos, Nyein Nyein Thaw Dar, Ahmed Shoreibah, Atif Hussein, Luis E. Raez
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(8): 3802. CrossRef
Bridging the Gap between Trial Adverse Events and Real-World Data
Sang Hyuk Kim, Hyun Lee, Dong Won Park
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 972. CrossRef
Real‐world evidence of brigatinib as second‐line treatment after crizotinib for ALK+ non‐small cell lung cancer using South Korean claims data (K‐AREAL)
Jeong Eun Lee, Jin Hyun Nam, Sun Hong Kwon, Bo Kyung Kim, Seung Min Ha
Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of Adjuvant Alectinib versus Platinum‐Based Chemotherapy in Resected ALK‐Positive Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer in the Chinese Health Care System
Qiran Wei, Yifang Liang, Jiahui Mao, Xin Guan
Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Expanded Access Program Pralsetinib in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with Rearranged during Transfection (RET) Gene Rearrangement: Youngkyung Jeon, Hyun Ae Jung, Sehhoon Park, Jong-Mu Sun, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn, Keunchil Park, Se-Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1144-1151. Published online May 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.403

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Rearranged during transfection (RET) gene rearrangement is a well-known driver event in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pralsetinib is a selective inhibitor of RET kinase and has shown efficacy in oncogenic RET-altered tumors. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of expanded access program (EAP) use of pralsetinib in pretreated, advanced NSCLC patients with RET rearrangement.
Materials and Methods
Patients who received pralsetinib as part of the EAP at Samsung Medical Center were evaluated through a retrospective chart review. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) ver. 1.1 guidelines. Secondary endpoints were duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety profiles.
Results
Between April 2020 and September 2021, 23 of 27 patients were enrolled in the EAP study. Two patients who were not analyzed due to brain metastasis and two patients whose expected survival was within 1 month were excluded from the analysis. After a median follow-up period of 15.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.0 to 21.2), ORR was 56.5%, the median PFS was 12.1 months (95% CI, 3.3 to 20.9), and the 12-month OS rate was 69.6%. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were edema (43.5%) and pneumonitis (39.1%). A total of 8.7% of patients experienced extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. TRAEs with a common grade of three or worse were neutropenia (43.5%) and anemia (34.8%). Dose reduction was required in nine patients (39.1%).
Conclusion
Pralsetinib presents a clinical benefit when used in patients with RET-rearranged NSCLC, consistent with a pivotal study.

Citations

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Real-World Outcomes of Pralsetinib in RET Fusion-Positive NSCLC
Francesca Lucibello, Valérie Gounant, Mihaela Aldea, Michaël Duruisseaux, Maurice Perol, Christos Chouaid, Jaafar Bennouna, Vincent Fallet, Aldo Renault, Florian Guisier, Etienne Giroux-Leprieur, Marie Wislez, Anne-Claire Toffart, Julien Mazieres, Clémenc
JTO Clinical and Research Reports.2025; 6(1): 100743. CrossRef
Clinical evidence and adverse event management update of patients with RET- rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with pralsetinib
Giuseppe Lo Russo, Paolo Bironzo, Chiara Bennati, Laura Bonanno, Annamaria Catino, Giulio Metro, Iacopo Petrini, Marco Russano, Antonio Passaro
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2024; 194: 104243. CrossRef
RET Fusion Testing in Patients With NSCLC: The RETING Study
Esther Conde, Susana Hernandez, Jose Luis Rodriguez Carrillo, Rebeca Martinez, Marta Alonso, Daniel Curto, Beatriz Jimenez, Alejandra Caminoa, Amparo Benito, Pilar Garrido, Sergi Clave, Edurne Arriola, Isabel Esteban-Rodriguez, Javier De Castro, Irene San
JTO Clinical and Research Reports.2024; 5(4): 100653. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of pralsetinib in patients with RET fusion positive non–small cell lung cancer: An observational real world study
Dehua Liao, Minghui Long, Jiwen Zhang, Xingyu Wei, Fei Li, Ting Yan, Desong Yang
Lung Cancer.2024; 196: 107936. CrossRef

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Head and Neck cancer

Phase II Trial of Combined Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab with Proton Therapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Hana Kim, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Se-Hoon Lee, Keunchil Park, Yong Chan Ahn, Dongryul Oh, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1104-1112. Published online May 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.502

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This phase II study investigated whether durvalumab/tremelimumab with proton therapy improves the objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in heavily treated recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.
Materials and Methods
Patients who previously received more than one chemotherapy, including at least one platinum-based regimen, and who had at least two measurable lesions were enrolled. Patients received 1,500 mg durvalumab intravenously combined with 75 mg tremelimumab intravenously every 4 weeks for four cycles followed by 1,500 mg durvalumab every 4 weeks. After one cycle of the durvalumab/tremelimumab treatment, proton therapy was given with a total dose of 25 Gy in 5 Gy daily fractions to one of the measurable lesions. We also assessed the ORR in the target lesion outside the radiation field to evaluate the abscopal effect.
Results
Thirty-one patients were enrolled between March 2018 and July 2020. With 8.6 months of follow-up, the ORR was 22.6% (7/31), including one complete response and six partial responses. The median OS was 8.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 14.3) and the median PFS was 2.4 months (95% CI, 0.6 to 4.2). Among the 23 evaluable patients who completed proton therapy, the ORR was 30.4% (7/23). The median OS was 11.1 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 15.8), and the median PFS was 3.7 months (95% CI, 1.6 to 5.7). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were observed in six patients (19.4%) as follows: anemia (n=1), constipation (n=1), electrolyte imbalances (n=2), hyperglycemia (n=1), and pneumonia (n=1).
Conclusion
The combination of durvalumab/tremelimuab with proton therapy was tolerated well and had encouraging anti-tumor efficacy in non-irradiated tumor lesions of heavily treated HNSCC patients.

Citations

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Abscopal Effects and Immunomodulation in Skin Cancer Therapy
William J. Nahm, Goranit Sakunchotpanit, Vinod E. Nambudiri
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Abscopal effect in maxillary sinus cancer: Insights from two case reports and a literature review
Akihiro Sakai, Koji Ebisumoto, Hiroaki Iijima, Mayu Yamauchi, Daisuke Maki, Tsuyoshi Fukuzawa, Kenji Okami
Cancer Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Solid tumours showing oligoprogression to immune checkpoint inhibitors have the potential for abscopal effects
Makoto Ito, Souichiro Abe, Sou Adachi, Yukihiko Oshima, Arisa Takeuchi, Wataru Ohashi, Takashi Iwata, Tetsuya Ogawa, Akiko Ota, Yasuaki Kubota, Takahito Okuda, Kojiro Suzuki
Japanese Journal of Radiology.2024; 42(4): 424. CrossRef
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Xiao Han, Haidong Zhang, Kai Sun, Jing Li, Wanjuan Wu, Kai Liu, Zhenkun Yu
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Marco Durante
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Ge Song, Zhi Zheng, Yingming Zhu, Yaoting Wang, Song Xue
Medicine.2024; 103(19): e38089. CrossRef
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Updated Review
Rina Jiang, Mike Fritz, Syril Keena T. Que
Cancers.2024; 16(10): 1800. CrossRef
Radiotherapy and immunology
Liangliang Wang, Connor Lynch, Sean P. Pitroda, András Piffkó, Kaiting Yang, Amy K. Huser, Hua Laura Liang, Ralph R. Weichselbaum
Journal of Experimental Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Riccardo Gili, Paolo Bossi
Journal of Head & Neck Physicians and Surgeons.2024; 12(1): 13. CrossRef
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Alessia Zotta, Maria Luisa Marciano, Francesco Sabbatino, Alessandro Ottaiano, Marco Cascella, Monica Pontone, Massimo Montano, Ester Calogero, Francesco Longo, Morena Fasano, Teresa Troiani, Fortunato Ciardiello, Fabiana Raffaella Rampetta, Giovanni Salz
Biomedicines.2024; 12(10): 2337. CrossRef
Emerging Radiotherapy Technologies for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities in the Era of Immunotherapy
Carmen Kut, Harry Quon, Xuguang Scott Chen
Cancers.2024; 16(24): 4150. CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

The Role of Brain Radiotherapy before First-Line Afatinib Therapy, Compared to Gefitinib or Erlotinib, in Patients with EGFR-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Hyun Ae Jung, Sehhoon Park, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn, Jong-Mu Sun; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):479-487. Published online December 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1344

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Brain metastasis is common in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at initial presentation. A previous study showed that brain radiotherapy (RT) before first-generation (first-G) EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is associated with longer overall survival than TKI therapy alone. However, there is no data regarding the role of additional brain RT before afatinib therapy.
Materials and Methods
Between October 2014 and June 2019, EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with brain metastases who started first-G EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib or erlotinib) or afatinib as first-line therapy were retrospectively analyzed. This study compared overall survival and intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) between patients who received EGFR-TKIs alone and EGFR-TKIs with brain RT and either a first-G EGFR-TKI or afatinib, respectively.
Results
The median follow-up duration was 29.6 months (range, 1.5 to 116.9 months). In the first-G EGFR-TKI group (n=155), 94 patients (60.6%) received the first-G EGFR-TKI alone and 61 patients (39.4%) received brain RT prior to their first-G EGFR-TKI. In the afatinib group (n=204), 126 patients (61.8%) received afatinib alone and 78 patients (38.2%) received brain RT prior to afatinib. There was no difference in overall survival rates between the groups with RT (35.6 months: 95% confidence interval [CI], 27.9 to 43.3) and without RT (31.4 months: 95% CI, 23.9 to 38.9) in the afatinib group (p=0.58), but there was a significant difference in overall survival in the first-G EGFR-TKI group in a manner favoring additional brain RT (41.1 months: 95% CI, 30.5 to 51.7 vs. 25.8 months: 95% CI, 20.1 to 31.5; p=0.02). Meanwhile, median intracranial PFS was not different between patients who received EGFR-TKI therapy alone vs. EGFR-TKI therapy with brain RT in both the first-G EGFR-TKI (p=0.39) and afatinib (p=0.24) groups.
Conclusion
Afatinib therapy alone showed comparable survival outcomes to those of afatinib with brain RT. The current study suggests that brain RT could be an optional, not mandatory, treatment modality when afatinib therapy is considered in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

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Integrated single cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyses reveal the impact of tryptophan metabolism on prognosis and immunotherapy in colon cancer
Yanyan Hu, Ximo Xu, Hao Zhong, Chengshen Ding, Sen zhang, Wei Qin, Enkui Zhang, Duohuo Shu, Mengqin Yu, Naijipu Abuduaini, Xiao Yang, Bo Feng, Jianwen Li
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Radiation Recall Pneumonitis: The Open Challenge in Differential Diagnosis of Pneumonia Induced by Oncological Treatments
Francesca Grassi, Vincenza Granata, Roberta Fusco, Federica De Muzio, Carmen Cutolo, Michela Gabelloni, Alessandra Borgheresi, Ginevra Danti, Carmine Picone, Andrea Giovagnoni, Vittorio Miele, Nicoletta Gandolfo, Antonio Barile, Valerio Nardone, Roberta G
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(4): 1442. CrossRef
Dacomitinib in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastasis: a single-arm, phase II study
H.A. Jung, S. Park, S.-H. Lee, J.S. Ahn, M.-J. Ahn, J.-M. Sun
ESMO Open.2023; 8(6): 102068. CrossRef
Recent advances progress of targeted drugs combined with radiotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a review
Jiamin Xu, Zhongming Wang
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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4 Crossref

EGFR Mutation–Positive Unresectable Stage III Non-Squamous Lung Cancer Is Associated with a High Incidence of Brain Metastasis: Hongsik Kim, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):498-505. Published online October 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.388

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes and recurrence patterns after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with unresectable stage III non-squamous-cell lung cancer according to EGFR mutation status.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 604 patients with pathologically confirmed stage III NSCLC who were treated with definitive CRT and were examined for EGFR mutation at Samsung Medical Center, Korea, from January 2013 to December 2018. Among them, we identified 236 patients with stage III non-squamous-cell lung cancer who were treated with definitive CRT and were examined for EGFR mutation status. We analyzed the frequency of EGFR mutation, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and recurrence pattern.
Results
Among 236 patients, EGFR mutation was detected in 71 patients (30.1%) and the median follow-up duration was 41.7 months. There were no significant differences in PFS (9.9 vs. 10.9 months, p=0.236), and ORR to CRT (93.0% vs. 90.3%, p=0.623) according to EGFR mutation status. However, the EGFR mutant group showed significantly higher recurrence (88.7% vs. 75.2%, p=0.022), distant metastasis (76.1% vs. 61.2%, p=0.036) rates, especially brain (38.0% vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001), and better median OS (59.2 vs. 41.3 months, p=0.037) compared with patients without EGFR mutation.
Conclusion
Patients with EGFR mutation–positive unresectable stage III non-squamous lung cancer exhibited higher recurrence and distant metastasis rates, especially brain metastasis.

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TFAP2A facilitates the metastasis and radioresistance of esophageal cancer by promoting EGFR transcription
Jinjin Yuan, Junqi Liu, Ruitai Fai, Zongwen Liu
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Cost-Effectiveness of Adjuvant Osimertinib With and Without Chemotherapy for Surgically Resected NSCLC
Angelos Vasilopoulos, Alexander Pohlman, Ayham Odeh, K. Robert Shen, Julia M. Coughlin, Zaid M. Abdelsattar
JTO Clinical and Research Reports.2025; 6(6): 100833. CrossRef
Prognostic Factors in Postoperative Brain Metastases Derive From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Haibin Chen, Liang Sun, Zhi Yang, Yuanyuan Qu, Nanyang Tong, Caixing Sun, Liang Xia
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Brain metastasis screening in the molecular age
Joanna K Tabor, Amanda Onoichenco, Vinayak Narayan, A Gabriella Wernicke, Randy S D’Amico, Morana Vojnic
Neuro-Oncology Advances.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Case Report

Osimertinib Combined with Systemic Chemotherapy for EGFR Mutant, T790M-Negative, Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Who Develop Leptomeningeal Metastases with Extracranial Progression to Prior EGFR TKI: Hye Ryeon Kim, Hyunji Jo, Hongsik Kim, Joohyun Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin-Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):344-349. Published online March 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1603

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a rare but fatal clinical condition with a short survival time. The incidence of LM from epidermal growth factor receptor mutant (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased due to the limited efficacy of first- or second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible, CNS penetrant, oral EGFR TKI that demonstrates promising efficacy in CNS metastases regardless of T790M. Herein, we report four cases of T790M-negative EGFRm NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib combined with systemic chemotherapy, who progressed on prior EGFR TKI and developed LM with extracranial lesions. The combination treatment was well tolerated, and the mean overall survival from LM diagnosis was 14.7 months (95% confidence interval, 10.4 to 19.0). These results suggest that osimertinib combined with systemic chemotherapy would be a reasonable treatment option for T790M-negative EGFRm NSCLC patients who develop LM with extracranial progression to prior EGFR TKI. A further prospective study is warranted.

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The research progress on meningeal metastasis in solid tumors
Yi Yue, Yuqing Ren, Chunya Lu, Nan Jiang, Sihui Wang, Junkai Fu, Mengrui Kong, Guojun Zhang
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Mainak Bardhan, Debankur Dey, Vinay Suresh, Binish Javed, Vyshak Alva Venur, Neha Joe, Ritvika Kalidindi, Ahmad Ozair, Marium Khan, Reshma Mahtani, Simon Lo, Yazmin Odia, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
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Osimertinib is associated with improved outcomes in pre-treated non-small cell lung cancer leptomeningeal metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
David J.H. Bian, Anna-Maria Lazaratos, Sarah M. Maritan, Andrea Quaiattini, Zhimin Zeng, Zhengfei Zhu, Ugur Sener, Rachna Malani, Yu Jung Kim, Eiki Ichihara, Victor Cohen, April A.N. Rose, Nathaniel Bouganim, Matthew Dankner
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Original Articles

Head and Neck cancer

A Single-Arm, Prospective, Phase II Study of Cisplatin Plus Weekly Docetaxel as First-Line Therapy in Patients with Metastatic or Recurrent Salivary Gland Cancer: Hye Ryeon Kim, Su Jin Lee, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Se-Hoon Lee, Han-Sin Jeong, Man Ki Chung, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):719-727. Published online November 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1019

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Salivary gland cancers (SGCs) are relatively rare but comprise various histologic subtypes, which complicates design of prospective trials. Systemic chemotherapy plays a limited role in treatment of SGCs, but cisplatin and docetaxel showed efficacy in a previous preclinical study. Here, we conduct a prospective, phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of cisplatin plus weekly docetaxel in patients with metastatic or recurrent SGC.
Materials and Methods
We included patients with histologically confirmed SGCs of the following subtypes: mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, ductal carcinoma, or adenoid cystic carcinoma. Patients had no prior systemic chemotherapy for metastatic or recurrent tumors and at least one measurable lesion. Patients were treated with docetaxel 35 mg/m2 (D1, 8) and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 (D1) every 21 days.
Results
Forty-one patients were enrolled between April 2014 and October 2020. The median age was 58 years (range, 32 to 73 years). The most common histologic subtype was adenoid cystic carcinoma (63.4%), followed by ductal carcinoma (24.4%). The most common metastatic site was the lung (75.6%). The median treatment cycle was 5.5 (range, 3 to 8), and the objective response rate was 46.3%, with three complete responses. The median duration of response was 6.8 months (interquartile range, 4.0 to 10.2). The progression-free survival and overall survival were 9.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4 to 10.5) and 28.2 months (95% CI, 22.7 to 33.6), respectively. There were no treatment-related deaths. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (4.9%) and fatigue (4.9%).
Conclusion
Cisplatin plus weekly docetaxel is effective and tolerable with manageable toxicity as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic or recurrent SGC.

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Current landscape and future directions of therapeutic approaches for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands (Review)
Katarzyna Stawarz, Monika Durzynska, Adam Gałązka, Anna Gorzelnik, Jakub Zwolinski, Monika Paszkowska, Karolina Bieńkowska‑Pluta, Magdalena Misiak‑Galazka
Oncology Letters.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
TBK1 is a signaling hub in coordinating stress-adaptive mechanisms in head and neck cancer progression
Hyo Jeong Kim, Haeng-Jun Kim, Sun-Yong Kim, Jin Roh, Ju Hyun Yun, Chul-Ho Kim
Autophagy.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Clinical trials for patients with salivary gland cancers: A systematic review of worldwide registers and an evaluation of current challenges
Pablo Jiménez-Labaig, Luigi Lorini, Cristina Gurizzan, Emma Kinloch, Sarah Burton, Martin D. Forster, Robert Metcalf, Renata Ferrarotto, Paolo Bossi, Ben O´leary, Glenn Hanna, Enriqueta Felip, Irene Braña Garcia, Kevin J. Harrington
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2025; 211: 104747. CrossRef
Clinical Course of Parotid Carcinoma with Hepatic and Nodal Metastases: A Case Report
Antonio Doronzo, Giovanni Musci, Gennaro Gadaleta-Caldarola, Maria Chiara Sergi
International Journal of Translational Medicine.2024; 5(1): 3. CrossRef
Systemic and Targeted Therapies in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Alec J. Kacew, Glenn J. Hanna
Current Treatment Options in Oncology.2023; 24(1): 45. CrossRef
Major and minor salivary gland cancers: A multicenter retrospective study
Muhammet Bekir Hacioglu, Bulent Erdogan, Murat Bardakcı, Efnan Algın, Burcu Gulbagcı, Ilhan Hacibekiroglu, Jamshid Hamdard, Omer Fatih Olmez, Hadi Akkus, Berna Oksuzoglu, Sema Sezgin Goksu, Shute Ailia Dae, Ahmet Taner Sumbul, Muzaffer Ugraklı, Mustafa Ka
Head & Neck.2023; 45(7): 1643. CrossRef
Prognostic Significance of Primary Tumor Surgery in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Patients With Distant Metastases at Diagnosis: A Population-Based Database Analysis in Head and Neck Region
Han Li, Li Zhao, Yixuan Song, Yang Liu, Song Ni, Shaoyan Liu
Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Therapeutic Landscape of Salivary Gland Malignancies—Where Are We Now?
Robbert Cleymaet, Tijl Vermassen, Renaat Coopman, Hubert Vermeersch, Stijn De Keukeleire, Sylvie Rottey
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(23): 14891. CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Long-term Survival in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Metachronous Brain-Only Oligorecurrence Who Underwent Definitive Treatment: Hongsik Kim, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):150-156. Published online May 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.306

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a rare event with favorable prognosis, but the clinical outcome has not been fully determined. We retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence in patients with NSCLC who underwent definitive treatment.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed 4,437 NSCLC patients without oncogenic driver mutations who underwent definitive treatment between 2008 and 2018. Among them, we identified 327 patients who developed 1 to 5 brain metastases with or without systemic metastasis. Of the 327 patients, 71 had metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence without extracranial progression and were treated with local therapy to the brain. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and prognostic factors affecting OS were analyzed.
Results
The median OS was 38.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.8 to 56.1 months) in 71 patients. The 2-year OS rate was 67.8% and the 5-year OS rate was 33.1%. The median PFS was 25.5 months (95% CI, 12.2 to 14.4 months). The longest surviving patient had a survival period of 115 months. Through multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≥ 1 (hazard ratio, 5.33; p=0.005) was associated with poor survival. There was no significant difference in OS between patients with local therapy and those with local plus systemic therapy (18.5 months vs. 34.7 months, p=0.815).
Conclusion
Metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence NSCLC patients who underwent definitive treatment experienced long-term survival with local therapy, highlighting the unique patient population. The role of systemic chemotherapy in this patient population requires further investigation.

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Surgery for Stage IV Disease—Is It Prime Time Yet?
Marianna V. Papageorge, Mara B. Antonoff
Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of prognostic factors and risk prediction in brain metastases: a SEER population-based study
Qiang Ji, Zixuan Yang, Xun Kang, Lili Zhou, Feng Chen, Wenbin Li
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
‘Perspectives of pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons on Oligometastatic disease: curability, treatment approaches, and disease trajectory’
Damla Azaklı, Inanc Yazici, Aysegul Erinc, Celal Satici
Future Oncology.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Brain Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Disease-Free Survival of 5 years: Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review
Takahiro Suzuki, Shoichi Deguchi, Keigo Matsushima, Shinya Katsumata, Hideaki Kojima, Maeda Koki, Hayato Konno, Mitsuhiro Isaka, Takuma Oishi, Yasuhisa Ohde, Takashi Sugino, Koichi Mitsuya, Nakamasa Hayashi
World Neurosurgery.2024; 186: e353. CrossRef
Complex situations in lung cancer: multifocal disease, oligoprogression and oligorecurrence
Raphael Werner, Nina Steinmann, Herbert Decaluwe, Hiroshi Date, Dirk De Ruysscher, Isabelle Opitz
European Respiratory Review.2024; 33(172): 230200. CrossRef

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158 Download
4 Web of Science
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Case Report

EGFR C797S as a Resistance Mechanism of Lazertinib in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR T790M Mutation: Sehhoon Park, Bo Mi Ku, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Jin Seok Ahn, Se-Hoon Lee, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1288-1290. Published online June 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.278

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The non-small cell lung cancer with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation eventually acquires resistant to either first or second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). As the following option, targeting EGFR T790M with third-generation EGFR TKI is now established as a standard treatment option. In this study, we are reporting the first case of resistance mechanism to the novel third-generation EGFR TKI, lazertinib, which showed promising clinical efficacy in phase 1-2 study. The patients showed resistance to the treatment by acquiring the additional EGFR C797S mutation in cis which is also confirmed from the patient-derived cell lines.

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Research Advances of Small Molecule EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC
亚南胡
Pharmacy Information.2024; 13(01): 1. CrossRef
An assessment of EGFR and HER2 inhibitors with structure activity relationship of fused pyrimidine derivatives for breast cancer: a brief review
Prasad Sanjay Dhiwar, Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga Matada, Rohit Pal, Ekta Singh, Abhishek Ghara, Lalmohan Maji, Sindhuja Sengupta, Ganesh Andhale
Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics.2024; 42(3): 1564. CrossRef
The efficacy of almonertinib and anlotinib combination therapy for advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients who continued to experience cancer progression during third‐generation EGFR‐TKI treatment: a retrospective study
Yu Zhang, Chengmeng Wang, Jing Zhao, Meng Wang
Thoracic Cancer.2024; 15(23): 1757. CrossRef
Successful treatment of a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (EGFR-T790M and C797S cis) with lazertinib: A case report and literature review
Yue Fang, Qiankun Zhang, Weimin Wang, Juanjuan Tong, Xialin Li
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Review on Fused Pyrimidine Systems as EGFR Inhibitors and Their Structure–Activity Relationship
Tanuja T. Yadav, Gulam Moin Shaikh, Maushmi S. Kumar, Meena Chintamaneni, Mayur YC
Frontiers in Chemistry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Structural Basis for Inhibition of Mutant EGFR with Lazertinib (YH25448)
David E. Heppner, Florian Wittlinger, Tyler S. Beyett, Tatiana Shaurova, Daniel A. Urul, Brian Buckley, Calvin D. Pham, Ilse K. Schaeffner, Bo Yang, Blessing C. Ogboo, Earl W. May, Erik M. Schaefer, Michael J. Eck, Stefan A. Laufer, Pamela A. Hershberger
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters.2022; 13(12): 1856. CrossRef
Potentiating Therapeutic Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Kyu Sic You, Yong Weon Yi, Jeonghee Cho, Jeong-Soo Park, Yeon-Sun Seong
Pharmaceuticals.2021; 14(6): 589. CrossRef
Paired analysis of tumor mutation burden calculated by targeted deep sequencing panel and whole exome sequencing in non-small cell lung cancer
Sehhoon Park, Chung Lee, Bo Mi Ku, Minjae Kim, Woong-Yang Park, Nayoung K. D. Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn
BMB Reports.2021; 54(7): 386. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with HER2 Alterations in Korea: Kangkook Lee, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):292-300. Published online July 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.186

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) alterations are found in approximately 1%-3% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). We evaluated the clinical features and outcomes of NSCLC harboring HER2 alteration detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in Korea.
Materials and Methods
A total of 1,108 patients who were diagnosed with NSCLC between December 2015 and December 2017 were screened and analyzed by NGS. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes from various treatments.
Results
HER2 alterations were identified in 36 NSCLC patients. Of the patients, 22 (61.1%) had an exon 20 in-frame insertion mutation, 15 (41.7%) had HER2 amplification, and one had both. The median patient age was 58 years, 55.6% were male, and 50.0% were never-smokers. Adenocarcinoma was predominant (88.9%). The most common metastatic site was bone (58.3%), and 66.7% of patients were stage IV at initial diagnosis. Six patients (16.7%) had a coexistent sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, and two patients (5.6%) had anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement. With a median 14 months of follow-up, the median progression-free survival of first-line treatment was 6 months (95% confidence interval, 4.172 to 7.828), and median overall survival was not reached. The proportions of adenocarcinoma, never-smokers, and metastasis to the liver were higher in the exon 20 in-frame insertion mutation group, whereas coexistence of EGFR mutation was more frequently found in the HER2 amplification group.
Conclusion
HER2-altered NSCLC showed distinct clinical features. Moreover, different characteristics were identified between the HER2 in-frame insertion mutation group and the HER2 amplification group.

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Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges
Jeong Uk Lim, Junyang Jung, Yeon Wook Kim, Chi Young Kim, Sang Hoon Lee, Dong Won Park, Sue In Choi, Wonjun Ji, Chang Dong Yeo, Seung Hyeun Lee
Biomedicines.2025; 13(2): 470. CrossRef
Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics of HER2 (ERBB2)-Altered Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Implications for Precision Medicine
Yurimi Lee, Boram Lee, Yoon-La Choi, Dong-Wook Kang, Joungho Han
Modern Pathology.2024; 37(6): 100490. CrossRef
The frequency of EGFR gene mutations in a cohort of Romanian patients with non-small cell lung cancer and their association with PD-L1 expression level and ALK rearrangements
Ester-Andreea Cohn, Ortansa Csutak, Ecaterina Tataru
Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator.2024; 32(3): 237. CrossRef
Antibody–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Central Nervous System Metastases
David J. H. Bian, Sara F. Cohen, Anna-Maria Lazaratos, Nathaniel Bouganim, Matthew Dankner
Current Oncology.2024; 31(10): 6314. CrossRef
ERBB2 mutation landscape in non-small cell lung cancer patients in Northeast China
Hui Li, Xiang Li, Shaowei Lan, Xuerong Zuo, Tianying Du, Ying Liu, Caixia Zhang, Jing Zhu, Ying Cheng
Tumori Journal.2023; 109(3): 276. CrossRef
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with non-small cell lung cancer having HER2 alterations
Xiaoli Zhuo, Honglin Guo, Jun Ma, Jingjiang Lai, Lei Liu, Ke Yin, Jing Zhao, Jingliang Wang, Fengxian Jiang, Wei Xu, Xiaotian Yuan, Xiaoyan Lin, Guobin Fu
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(5): 2029. CrossRef
Real World Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of HER2-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing
Beung-Chul Ahn, Ye-Jeong Han, Hye Ryun Kim, Min Hee Hong, Byoung Chul Cho, Sun Min Lim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 55(2): 488. CrossRef
Prevalence and clinicopathological associations of HER2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study in Jordanian patients
Ola Abu Al Karsaneh, Arwa Al Anber, Mohammad ALQudah, Sahar Al-Mustafa, Hussien AlMa’aitah, Maher Sughayer
Diagnostic Pathology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the correlation between HER2 alterations and 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and their prognostic value in EGFR-negative non-small-cell lung cancer patients
Maomei Ruan, Cheng Chang, Jianwen Sun, Liu Liu, Lihua Wang, Bei Lei, Hui Yan, He Zhang, Wenhui Xie, Yuetao Wang
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(16): 14493. CrossRef
Pyrotinib in Patients with HER2-Amplified Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Trial
Zhengbo Song, Dongqing Lv, Shi-Qing Chen, Jianjin Huang, Yuping Li, Shenpeng Ying, Xiaoyu Wu, Feng Hua, Wenxian Wang, Chunwei Xu, Ting Bei, Chan Gao, Zhijian Sun, Yiping Zhang, Shun Lu
Clinical Cancer Research.2022; 28(3): 461. CrossRef
Consensus for HER2 alterations testing in non-small-cell lung cancer
S. Ren, J. Wang, J. Ying, T. Mitsudomi, D.H. Lee, Z. Wang, Q. Chu, P.C. Mack, Y. Cheng, J. Duan, Y. Fan, B. Han, Z. Hui, A. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Lu, Z. Ma, M. Shi, Y. Shu, Q. Song, X. Song, Y. Song, C. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Wang, Y. Xu, Y. Yao, L. Zhang, M. Zhao,
ESMO Open.2022; 7(1): 100395. CrossRef
Deciphering the Impact of HER2 Alterations on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: From Biological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches
Christophe Bontoux, Jonathan Benzaquen, Véronique Hofman, Simon Heeke, Paul Hannetel, Pierre Capela-Brosseau-Laborde, Charles-Hugo Marquette, Marius Ilié, Paul Hofman
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(10): 1651. CrossRef
Predictors for survival in patients with bone metastasis of small cell lung cancer
MingFeng Xue, Gang Chen, XingGuang Chen, JunYu Hu
Medicine.2021; 100(34): e27070. CrossRef
Advances in systemic therapy for non-small cell lung cancer
Meagan Miller, Nasser Hanna
BMJ.2021; : n2363. CrossRef
Genetic Markers in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: A Review
Katarzyna Wadowska, Iwona Bil-Lula, Łukasz Trembecki, Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(13): 4569. CrossRef
Exploration of estrogen receptor‑associated hub genes and potential molecular mechanisms in non‑smoking females with lung adenocarcinoma using integrated bioinformatics analysis
Hao Wang, Zhihong Zhang, Ke Xu, Song Wei, Lailing Li, Lijun Wang
Oncology Letters.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

10,078 View
390 Download
21 Web of Science
16 Crossref

Feasibility Study of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment for Patients with Terminal Cancer: Ho Jung An, Hyun Jeong Jeon, Sang Hoon Chun, Hyun Ae Jung, Hee Kyung Ahn, Kyung Hee Lee, Min-ho Kim, Ju Hee Kim, Jaekyung Cheon, JinShil Kim, Su-Jin Koh; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1632-1638. Published online April 18, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.009

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) form is a legal document for terminally ill patients to make medical decisions with physicians near the end-of-life. A multicenter prospective study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of POLST administration in actual oncological practice.
Materials and Methods
Patients with terminal cancer, age ≥ 20 years, and capable of communicating were eligible. The primary endpoint was the completion rate of POLST. Data about physicians’ or patients’ barriers were also collected.
Results
From June to December 2017, 336 patients from seven hospitals were eligible. Median patient age was 66 years (range, 20 to 94 years); 52.7% were male; and 60.4% had poor performance status. Primary cancer sites were hepato-pancreato-biliary (26.2%), lung (23.2%), and gastrointestinal (19.9%). Expected survival duration was 10.6±7.3 weeks, with 41.2% receiving hospice care, 37.9% showing progression after cancer treatment, and the remaining patients were under active treatment (15.8%) or initially diagnosed with terminal cancer (5.1%). POLST forms were introduced to 60.1% of patients, and 31.3% signed the form. Physicians’ barriers were reluctance of family (49.7%), lack of rapport (44.8%), patients’ denial of prognosis (34.3%), lack of time (22.7%), guilty feelings (21.5%), and uncertainty about either prognosis (21.0%) or the right time to discuss POLST (16.6%). The patients’ barriers were the lack of knowledge/understanding of POLST (65.1%), emotional discomfort (63.5%), difficulty in decision-making (66.7%), or denial of prognosis (14.3%).
Conclusion
One-third of patients completed POLST forms, and various barriers were identified. To overcome such barriers, social engagement, education, and systematic support might be necessary.

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Impact on Survival of Regular Postoperative Surveillance for Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Ji Yun Lee, Sung Hee Lim, Min-Young Lee, Haesu Kim, Moonjin Kim, Sungmin Kim, Hyun Ae Jung, Insuk Sohn, Won Ho Gil, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Won Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Jin Seok Ahn, Young-Hyuck Im, Yeon Hee Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):765-773. Published online January 13, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.168

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of regular postoperative surveillance to improve the prognosis of patients with breast cancer after curative surgery. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 4,119 patients who received curative surgery for breast cancer at Samsung Medical Center between January 2000 and September 2008. Patients were divided into two groups (group I, regular postoperative surveillance; group II, control group) according to their post-therapy follow-up status for the first 5 years after surgery. Results Among the 3,770 patients selected for inclusion, groups I and II contained 3,300 (87%) and 470 (13%) patients, respectively. The recurrence rates at 5 years for groups I and II were 10.6% and 16.4%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 1.09; p=0.197). The 10-year mortality cumulative rates were 8.8% for group I and 25.4% for group II (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.35; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis for recurrence-free survival (RFS), age over 40 years (p < 0.001), histologic grade 1 (p < 0.001), and pathologic stage I (p < 0.001) were associated with longer RFS but not with follow- up status. Multivariate analysis for overall survival (OS) revealed that patients in group I showed significantly improved OS (hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.37; p < 0.001). Additionally, age over 40 years, histologic grade I, and pathologic stage I were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion Regular follow-up for patients with breast cancer after primary surgery resulted in clinically significant improvements in patient OS.

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Changes in the Mean Corpuscular Volume after Capecitabine Treatment Are Associated with Clinical Response and Survival in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: Hyun Ae Jung, Hyun-Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Se Hoon Park, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):72-77. Published online August 21, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.172

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Capecitabine is known to increase mean corpuscular volume (MCV). To define the incidence of capecitabine-induced macrocytosis and its association with chemotherapy outcomes, we investigated data of 89 patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) who were enrolled in a randomized chemotherapy trial involving capecitabine. Materials and Methods Chemotherapy-naïve AGC patients were treated with capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2/day on days 1-14) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m2 on day 1), with or without epirubicin (50 mg/m2 on day 1). Complete blood counts including MCV were measured at baseline and on day 1 of each 3-week chemotherapy course. Macrocytosis was defined as a MCV increase > 10 fL from baseline. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for analysis of the impact of clinical and MCV values on chemotherapy outcomes. Results At baseline, the mean MCV was 88.2 fL (normal range, 80 to 100 fL). During chemotherapy, MCV increased in a dose-dependent manner with a mean increase of 11.3 fL. MCV elevation after capecitabine treatment in 74 patients (90%) and 44 patients (42%) developed macrocytosis. Results of multivariate analysis showed that development of macrocytosis was independent of baseline hemoglobin level, liver metastasis, performance status, or liver function. The number of chemotherapy cycles showed strong association with development of macrocytosis and hematologic adverse events. In addition, a significant association was observed between macrocytosis and clinical response or survival. Conclusion Macrocytosis developed with more frequent and prolonged use of capecitabine. It is possible that association with treatment outcomes warrants further investigation.

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Nomogram to Predict Treatment Outcome of Fluoropyrimidine/Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Hyun Ae Jung, Antoine Adenis, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Chi Hoon Maeng, Silvia Park, Hee Kyung Ahn, Young Mog Shim, Nicolas Penel, Young-Hyuck Im; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(4):285-294. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.4.285

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
The degree of benefit from palliative chemotherapy differs widely among patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (MESCC). The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram to predict survival and aid physicians and patients in the decision-making process regarding treatment options.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Clinicopathologic variables and treatment outcomes of 239 patients who were diagnosed with MESCC and received either fluorouracil/cisplatin (FP) or capecitabine/cisplatin (XP) as first-line chemotherapy were reviewed. A nomogram was developed as a prognostic scoring system incorporating significant clinical and laboratory variables based on a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. An independent series of 61 MESCC patients treated with FP served as an independent data set for nomogram validation.
RESULTS
No difference in response rate was observed between the FP group (44.8%) and the XP group (54.2%). Similarly, no significant differences in median progression-free survival and median overall survival were observed between regimen groups. Multivariate analysis showed that poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] status> or =2), weight loss (10% of the weight loss for 3 months), low albumin level (< or =3.5 g/dL), and absence of previous esophagectomy at the time of chemotherapy were significantly associated with low OS in both groups (p<0.05). Based on these findings, patients were classified into favorable (score, 0 to 90), intermediate (91-134), and poor (>135) prognostic groups. The median survival for those with a favorable ECOG was 13.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.8 to 18.6 months), for intermediate 11.2 months (95% CI, 8.7 to 11.9 months), and for poor, 7.0 months (95% CI, 3.6 to 10.0 months). External validation of the nomogram in a different patient cohort yielded significantly similar findings.
CONCLUSION
The nomogram described here predicts survival in MESCC patients and could serve as a guide for the use of FP/XP chemotherapy in MESCC patients.

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