Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Breast cancer

Estimating Age-Specific Mean Sojourn Time of Breast Cancer and Sensitivity of Mammographic Screening by Breast Density among Korean Women: Eunji Choi, Mina Suh, So-Youn Jung, Kyu-Won Jung, Sohee Park, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):136-144. Published online April 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.962

Purpose
High breast cancer incidence and dense breast prevalence among women in forties are specific to Asian. This study examined the natural history of breast cancer among Korean women.
Materials and Methods
We applied a three-state Markov model (i.e., healthy, preclinical, and clinical state) to fit the natural history of breast cancer to data in the Korean National Cancer Screening Program. Breast cancer was ascertained by linkage to the Korean Central Cancer Registry. Disease-progression rates (i.e., transition rates between three states), mean sojourn time (MST) and mammographic sensitivity were estimated across 10-year age groups and levels of breast density determined by the Breast Imaging, Reporting and Data System.
Results
Overall prevalence of dense breast was 53.9%. Transition rate from healthy to preclinical state, indicating the preclinical incidence of breast cancer, was higher among women in forties (0.0019; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0017 to 0.0021) and fifties (0.0020; 95% CI, 0.0017 to 0.0022), than women in sixties (0.0014; 95% CI, 0.0012 to 0.0017). The MSTs, in which the tumor is asymptomatic but detectable by screening, were also fastest among younger age groups, estimated as 1.98 years (95% CI, 1.67 to 2.33), 2.49 years (95% CI, 1.92 to 3.22), and 3.07 years (95% CI, 2.11 to 4.46) for women in forties, fifties, and sixties, respectively. Having dense breasts increased the likelihood of the preclinical cancer risk (1.96 to 2.35 times) and decreased the duration of MST (1.53 to 2.02 times).
Conclusion
This study estimated Korean-specific natural history parameters of breast cancer that would be utilized for establishing optimal screening strategies in countries with higher dense breast prevalence.

Citations

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Concordant and discordant breast density patterns by different approaches for assessing breast density and breast cancer risk
Yoosun Cho, Eun Kyung Park, Yoosoo Chang, Mi-ri Kwon, Eun Young Kim, Minjeong Kim, Boyoung Park, Sanghyup Lee, Han Eol Jeong, Ki Hwan Kim, Tae Soo Kim, Hyeonsoo Lee, Ria Kwon, Ga-Young Lim, JunHyeok Choi, Shin Ho Kook, Seungho Ryu
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 210(1): 105. CrossRef
Lead-Time Corrected Effect on Breast Cancer Survival in Germany by Mode of Detection
Laura Schumann, Moritz Hadwiger, Nora Eisemann, Alexander Katalinic
Cancers.2024; 16(7): 1326. CrossRef
Estimating sojourn time and sensitivity of screening for ovarian cancer using a Bayesian framework
Sayaka Ishizawa, Jiangong Niu, Martin C Tammemagi, Ehsan Irajizad, Yu Shen, Karen H Lu, Larissa A Meyer, Iakovos Toumazis
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.2024; 116(11): 1798. CrossRef

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3 Crossref

Gastrointestinal cancer

Trends in the Performance of the Korean National Cancer Screening Program for Gastric Cancer from 2007 to 2016: Ji Eun Ryu, Eunji Choi, Kyeongmin Lee, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh, Kyu Won Jung, Kui Son Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):842-849. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.482

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The Korean National Cancer Screening Program (KNCSP) has implemented two screening methods for gastric cancer—upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) and endoscopy—for Koreans aged ≥40 years. We aimed to assess performance trends for both screening methods.
Materials and Methods
The KNCSP database was used to evaluate individuals who underwent screening from 2007 to 2016. The final gastric cancer diagnosis was ascertained by linking with the Korean Central Cancer Registry. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional analysis to estimate performance indicators of gastric cancer screening by UGIS and endoscopy, stratified by sociodemographic factors.
Results
We found that screening rates for gastric cancer increased from 28% to 51.7% between 2007 and 2016, and that the rate of endoscopy use for gastric cancer screening increased sharply. Cancer detection rates (CDR) of UGIS and endoscopy were 0.41 and 2.25 per 1,000 screens in 2007–2008 and 0.26 and 1.99 in 2015–2016, respectively. Interval cancer rates (ICR) per 1,000 negative screenings were 1.33 (2007–2008) and 1.21 (2015–2016) for UGIS and 1.14 (2007–2008) and 0.88 (2015–2016) for endoscopy. The sensitivity of UGIS decreased from 23.6% (2007–2008) to 17.6% (2015–2016), whereas that of endoscopy increased from 66.4% (2007–2008) to 69.3% (2015–2016). Specificity was maintained at >99% for both methods over the study period.
Conclusion
The use of endoscopy for gastric cancer screening within the KNCSP has increased. Endoscopy has higher CDR, sensitivity, and specificity, and lower ICR estimates than does UGIS.

Citations

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Yuntong Wang, Dong-Woo Choi, Sangwon Lee, Jialin Mao, Art Sedrakyan, Xiang Shu, Kui Son Choi, Heejung Chae, Eunji Choi
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35 Web of Science
33 Crossref

Breast cancer

Impact of Awareness of Breast Density on Perceived Risk, Worry, and Intentions for Future Breast Cancer Screening among Korean Women: Anh Thi Ngoc Tran, Ji Hae Hwang, Eunji Choi, Yun Yeong Lee, Mina Suh, Chan Wha Lee, Yeol Kim, Kui Son Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(1):55-64. Published online August 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.495

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study sought to examine perceived risk and concerns for breast cancer according to awareness of breast density and states thereof among Korea women and to identify the impact of such awareness on screening intentions.
Materials and Methods
This study was based on the 2017 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey of a nationally representative and randomly selected sample of Koreans. Ordinal logistic regression was conducted to examine associations for awareness of and knowledge on breast density in relation to psychological factors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate significant factors associated with intentions to undergo breast cancer screening.
Results
Among a total of 1,609 women aged 40-69 years, 62.0% were unaware of their breast density, and only 29.7% had good breast density knowledge. Awareness of one’s breast density and knowledge about breast density were positively associated with perceptions of absolute and comparative risk and cancer worry. Women aware of their breast density (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.35 for women aware of having a non-dense breast; aOR, 4.17 for women aware of having a dense breast) and women with a good level of breast density knowledge (aOR, 1.65) were more likely to undergo future breast cancer screening.
Conclusion
Breast density awareness and knowledge showed positive associations with psychological factors and breast cancer screening intentions. However, the majority of Korean women were not aware of their breast density status and demonstrated poor knowledge about breast density. These results demonstrate a need for better health communication concerning breast density.

Citations

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Understanding Cervical Cancer Screening Intentions Through the Lens of Care‐Seeking Behavior: A Cross‐Sectional Study Among Islamic Women in Ghana
Abdul‐Karim Abubakari, Janet Gross, Emmanuel Adusei‐Poku
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Zahra Batool, Mohammad Amjad Kamal, Bairong Shen
Breast Cancer.2025; 32(2): 258. CrossRef
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M. Rawashdeh, M.Z. El-Sayed, M. Umar, N. Majeed, A. Jamalzadeh, C. Saade, A. England, M. McEntee, M.M. El Safwany, M.A. Ali
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Dorinda ‘t Hart, Ross Marriott, Jennifer Stone
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The Impact of Breast Density Notification on Anxiety in South Australian Women Undergoing Breast Cancer Screening
Avisak Bhattacharjee, David Walsh, Pallave Dasari, Leigh J. Hodson, Suzanne Edwards, Sarah J. White, Deborah Turnbull, Wendy V. Ingman, Abhishek Tyagi
International Journal of Breast Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Abdul-Karim Abubakari, Janet Gross, Emmanuel Adusei-Poku, Confidence Alorse Atakro
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Areej Aloufi, Rania Ali, Deemah Alqahtani, Mnayer Bin Gaood, Reem Althuniyan, Sultana Alhurishi
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Yimeng Li, Qinyuan Huang, Mengdi Li, Yao Chen, Jyu-lin Chen, Dabao Xu, Man Ping Wang, Jia Guo
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Susanne A. Elsner, Eva Haußmann, Paula Grieger, Moritz Hadwiger, Andrea Rieck, Astrid Hacker, Sylvia Heywang-Köbrunner, Alexander Katalinic
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Nadia Ouzennou, Mohamed Aboufaras, Nezha Nacer, Hicham Mejdouli, Jaouad Chouikh, Samia Rkha
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Jan Endrikat, Gilda Schmidt, Bhagyashree Oak, Viplav Shukla, Prakirti Nangia, Nicolas Schleyer, John Crocker, Ruud Pijnapppel
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18 Crossref

Trends in Participation Rates for the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea, 2002-2012: Mina Suh, Seolhee Song, Ha Na Cho, Boyoung Park, Jae Kwan Jun, Eunji Choi, Yeol Kim, Kui Son Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(3):798-806. Published online November 11, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.186

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) in Korea supports cancer screening for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer. This study was conducted to assess trends in participation rates among Korean men and women invited to undergo screening via the NCSP as part of an effort to guide future implementation of the program in Korea.
Materials and Methods
Data from the NCSP for 2002 to 2012 were used to calculate annual participation rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by sex, insurance status, and age group for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening.
Results
In 2012, participation rates for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening were 47.3%, 25.0%, 39.5%, 51.9%, and 40.9%, respectively. The participation rates increased annually by 4.3% (95% CI, 4.0 to 4.6) for stomach cancer, 3.3% (95% CI, 2.5 to 4.1) for liver cancer, 4.1% (95% CI, 3.2 to 5.0) for colorectal cancer, 4.6% (95% CI, 4.1 to 5.0) for breast cancer, and 0.9% (95% CI, –0.7 to 2.5) for cervical cancer from 2002 to 2012.
Conclusion
Participant rates for the NCSP for the five above-mentioned cancers increased annually from 2002 to 2012.

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Responses to Overdiagnosis in Thyroid Cancer Screening among Korean Women: Sangeun Lee, Yoon Young Lee, Hyo Joong Yoon, Eunji Choi, Mina Suh, Boyoung Park, Jae Kwan Jun, Yeol Kim, Kui Son Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(3):883-891. Published online December 28, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.218

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Communicating the harms and benefits of thyroid screening is necessary to help individuals decide on whether or not to undergo thyroid cancer screening. This study was conducted to assess changes in thyroid cancer screening intention in response to receiving information about overdiagnosis and to determine factors with the greatest influence thereon.
Materials and Methods
Data were acquired from subjects included in the 2013 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey. Of the 4,100 respondents in the 2013 KNCSS, women were randomly subsampled and an additional face-to-face interview was conducted. Finally, a total of 586 female subjects were included in this study. Intention to undergo thyroid cancer screening was assessed before and after receiving information on overdiagnosis.
Results
Prior awareness of overdiagnosis in thyroid cancer screening was 27.8%. The majority of subjects intended to undergo thyroid cancer screening before and after receiving information on overdiagnosis (87% and 74%, respectively). Only a small number of subjects changed their intention to undergo thyroid cancer screening from positive to negative after receiving information on overdiagnosis. Women of higher education level and Medical Aid Program recipients reported being significantly more likely to change their intention to undergo thyroid cancer screening afterreceiving information on overdiagnosis,whilewomen with stronger beliefs on the efficacy of cancer screening were less likely to change their intention.
Conclusion
Women in Korea appeared to be less concerned about overdiagnosis when deciding whether or not to undergo thyroid cancer screening.

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Case Report

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Involvement of the Breast and Testis in a Male Patient: Eunji Choi, Jae-Cheol Jo, Dok Hyun Yoon, Shin Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Jooryung Huh, Chan-Sik Park, Sang Wook Lee, Cheolwon Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(3):539-543. Published online September 11, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.245

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Here we report a case of a 76-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with simultaneous involvement of the right breast and left testicle. The patient underwent complete resection of the involved testis, followed by immunochemotherapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) and prophylactic radiotherapy to the contralateral testis. Following this multimodal therapy, he achieved a complete response. This is a rare case of DLBCL involving both the breast and the testis in a male patient.

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