Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Breast cancer

Ten-Year Follow-up Clinical Outcomes and the Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in HER2-Positive Patients with Microinvasive Breast Cancer: Yeokyeong Shin, Soo-Young Lee, Hyehyun Jeong, Jin-Hee Ahn, Kyung Hae Jung, Sung-Bae Kim, Hee Jeong Kim, Jong Won Lee, Byung Ho Son, BeomSeok Ko, Ji Sun Kim, Il Yong Chung, Hee Jin Lee, Gyungyub Gong, Sae Byul Lee, Jae Ho Jeong; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):151-158. Published online March 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1120

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Purpose
Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity is prevalent in microinvasive breast cancer (MIBC), data focused on HER2-positive MIBC are limited. We investigated the clinical course and long-term outcomes of HER2-positive MIBC and evaluated the role of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods
The study included patients with curatively resected pT1mi pN0 HER2-positive breast cancer between January 2000 and January 2020. Treatments and survival outcomes, including invasive breast cancer-free survival (IBCFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.
Results
The analysis included 799 female patients. The median age was 51 years (range, 23 to 79 years), and 51.6% (n=412) were premenopausal. Multifocality was confirmed in 17.3% (n=138), and estrogen receptor (ER) positivity in 29.8% (n=238). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 17.5% (n=140), with doxifluridine in 96.4% of cases. One patient (0.1%) received trastuzumab. With a median follow-up of 119.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 114.0 to 127.0), the 8-year IBCFS, DRFS, and OS were 91.2% (95% CI, 89.1 to 93.3), 97.5% (95% CI, 96.4 to 98.7), and 98.8% (95% CI, 98.0 to 99.6), respectively. No significant differences were observed between patients with and without adjuvant chemotherapy. The lack of differences in IBCFS by chemotherapy was consistent across subgroups, including pre-/postmenopausal patients, grade 1-2/3 tumors, and ER-negative disease.
Conclusion
A clinically meaningful proportion of HER2-positive MIBC patients experience IBCFS events with long-term follow-up. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve survival, potentially due to the use of an outdated, ineffective regimen. The role of modern adjuvant regimens, particularly those incorporating HER2-targeted therapy, warrants further exploration.

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Microinvasive carcinoma of the breast
Rachel Han, Edi Brogi
Human Pathology.2025; 162: 105856. CrossRef

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Implementation of BRCA Test among Young Breast Cancer Patients in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study: Yung-Huyn Hwang, Tae-Kyung Yoo, Sae Byul Lee, Jisun Kim, Beom Seok Ko, Hee Jeong Kim, Jong Won Lee, Byung Ho Son, Il Yong Chung; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):802-808. Published online February 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1186

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Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the frequency of BRCA testing and related factors among young breast cancer patients (age < 40 years) in South Korea.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims. Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients younger than 40 were included. Annual BRCA testing ratios (number of BRCA test recipients/the number of patients undergoing breast cancer surgery in each year) were analyzed by region and health care delivery system. We investigated the location of breast cancer diagnosis and BRCA testing.
Results
From January 2010 to December 2020, there were 25,665 newly diagnosed young breast cancer patients, of whom 12,186 (47.5%) underwent BRCA testing. The BRCA testing ratios increased gradually from 0.084 (154/1,842) in 2010 to 0.961 (1,975/2,055) in 2020. Medical aid (vs. health insurance) and undergoing surgery in metropolitan cities or others (vs. Seoul), general hospitals, and clinics (vs. tertiary hospitals) were associated with a lower likelihood of BRCA testing. While 97.8% of the patients diagnosed in Seoul underwent BRCA testing in Seoul, 22.9% and 29.2% of patients who were diagnosed in metropolitan areas and other regions moved to Seoul and underwent BRCA testing, respectively.
Conclusion
The frequency of BRCA testing has increased over time in South Korea, with Seoul showing a particularly high rate of testing. About one-quarter of patients diagnosed with breast cancer outside of Seoul moved to Seoul and underwent BRCA testing.

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Financing and health system capacity for precision medicine in Asia: a six country landscape analysis
Adena Li Tyin Peh, Yot Teerawattananon, Jeanette Xue Yan Yuen, Nordin Charafi, Dicky Levenus Tahapary, Jiahua Leng, Alec Morton, Sheyu Li, Woo Jin Kim, Bin Alwi Zilfalil, Hidayati Husainy Hasbullah, Nusara Satproedprai, Shao-Tzu Li, Joanne Yuen Yie Ngeow,
Health Affairs Scholar.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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A Nomogram for Predicting the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score in Women with T1-3N0-1miM0 Hormone Receptor‒Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2)‒Negative Breast Cancer: Sae Byul Lee, Junetae Kim, Guiyun Sohn, Jisun Kim, Il Yong Chung, Hee Jeong Kim, Beom Seok Ko, Byung Ho Son, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Jong Won Lee, Kyung Hae Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1073-1085. Published online November 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.357

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Purpose
This preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the association between Oncotype DX (ODX) recurrence score and traditional prognostic factors. We also developed a nomogram to predict subgroups with low ODX recurrence scores (less than 25) and to avoid additional chemotherapy treatments for those patients.
Materials and Methods
Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical variables were retrospectively retrieved and analyzed from a series of 485 T1-3N0-1miM0 hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2‒negative breast cancer patients with available ODX test results at Asan Medical Center from 2010 to 2016. One hundred twenty-seven patients (26%) had positive axillary lymph node micrometastases, and 408 (84%) had ODX recurrence scores of ≤25. Logistic regression was performed to build a nomogram for predicting a low-risk subgroup of the ODX assay.
Results
Multivariate analysis revealed that estrogen receptor (ER) score, progesterone receptor (PR) score, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and Ki-67 had a statistically significant association with the low-risk subgroup. With these variables, we developed a nomogram to predict the low-risk subgroup with ODX recurrence scores of ≤25. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 0.96). When applied to the validation group the nomogram was accurate with an area under the curve = 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.95).
Conclusion
The low ODX recurrence score subgroup can be predicted by a nomogram incorporating five traditional prognostic factors: ER, PR, histologic grade, LVI, and Ki-67. Our nomogram, which predicts a low-risk ODX recurrence score, will be a useful tool to help select patients who may or may not need additional ODX testing.

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Clinical validation of the MammaTyper® LRP model for identification of low risk patients with early-stage ER+/HER2- breast cancer: from subtyping to chemotherapy de-escalation
Mao Ding, Hong Zhang, Qian Wu, Hongyu Xiang, Yuanjia Cheng, Ling Xu
Clinical Breast Cancer.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A Novel Nomogram for Estimating a High-Risk Result in the EndoPredict® Test for Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Negative Breast Carcinoma
Víctor Macarrón, Itsaso Losantos-García, Alberto Peláez-García, Laura Yébenes, Alberto Berjón, Laura Frías, Covadonga Martí, Pilar Zamora, José Ignacio Sánchez-Méndez, David Hardisson
Cancers.2025; 17(2): 273. CrossRef
Nomogram Development for Assessing Oncotype DX Recurrence Scores in Breast Cancer: A Chinese Population Study
Jiayin Song, Lin Yang, Zhengqi Feng, Liyu Jiang
Cancer Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Affecting the Survival of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with CDK 4/6 Inhibitors
Zehra Sucuoğlu İşleyen, Harun Muğlu, Zeynep Alaca Topçu, Mehmet Beşiroğlu, Ayşe İrem Yasin, Atakan Topçu, Melih Şimşek, Mesut Şeker, Hacı Mehmet Türk
Medicina.2025; 61(7): 1279. CrossRef
Background parenchymal enhancement as a predictor of invasive disease-free survival in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer
Su Min Cho, Hye Joung Eom, Hee Jeong Kim, Woo Jung Choi, Eun Young Chae, Hee Jung Shin, Joo Hee Cha, Hak Hee Kim
European Journal of Radiology.2025; 191: 112340. CrossRef
Efficacy, safety, and predictive model of Palbociclib in the treatment of HR-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer
Wei Wang, Wenqian Lei, Ziru Fang, Ruiyuan Jiang, Xiaojia Wang
BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and validation of a clinical breast cancer tool for accurate prediction of recurrence
Asim Dhungana, Augustin Vannier, Fangyuan Zhao, Jincong Q. Freeman, Poornima Saha, Megan Sullivan, Katharine Yao, Elbio M. Flores, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Alexander T. Pearson, Dezheng Huo, Frederick M. Howard
npj Breast Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prediction of Oncotype DX Recurrence Score Based on Systematic Evaluation of Ki-67 Scores in Hormone Receptor-Positive Early Breast Cancer
Ji Min Kim, Eun Yoon Cho
Journal of Breast Cancer.2024; 27(3): 201. CrossRef
Development of a nomogram to predict recurrence scores obtained using Oncotype DX in Japanese patients with breast cancer
Akio Shibata, Nobuko Tamura, Keiichi Kinowaki, Aya Nishikawa, Kiyo Tanaka, Yoko Kobayashi, Takuya Ogura, Yuko Tanabe, Hidetaka Kawabata
Breast Cancer.2024; 31(6): 1018. CrossRef
Shear-wave elastography-based nomograms predicting 21-gene recurrence score for adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in patients with breast cancer
Ji Hyun Youk, Eun Ju Son, Joon Jeong, Hye Mi Gweon, Na Lae Eun, Jeong-Ah Kim
European Journal of Radiology.2023; 158: 110638. CrossRef
Prediction of Oncotype DX Recurrence Score Using Clinicopathological Variables in Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancer
Min Chong Kim, Sun Young Kwon, Jung Eun Choi, Su Hwan Kang, Young Kyung Bae
Journal of Breast Cancer.2023; 26(2): 105. CrossRef
Clinicopathological Factors Associated with Oncotype DX Risk Group in Patients with ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer
Ran Song, Dong-Eun Lee, Eun-Gyeong Lee, Seeyoun Lee, Han-Sung Kang, Jai Hong Han, Keun Seok Lee, Sung Hoon Sim, Heejung Chae, Youngmee Kwon, Jaeyeon Woo, So-Youn Jung
Cancers.2023; 15(18): 4451. CrossRef
A simplified risk scoring system for predicting high-risk groups in gene expression tests for patients with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, and node-positive breast cancer
Kwang Hyun Yoon, Suk Jun Lee, Yujin Kim, Jee Hyun Ahn, Jee Ye Kim, Hyung Seok Park, Seung Il Kim, Seho Park
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(6): 360. CrossRef
Deep Learning-Based Pathology Image Analysis Enhances Magee Feature Correlation With Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score
Hongxiao Li, Jigang Wang, Zaibo Li, Melad Dababneh, Fusheng Wang, Peng Zhao, Geoffrey H. Smith, George Teodoro, Meijie Li, Jun Kong, Xiaoxian Li
Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Novel Surrogate Nomogram Capable of Predicting OncotypeDX Recurrence Score©
Matthew G. Davey, Amirhossein Jalali, Éanna J. Ryan, Ray P. McLaughlin, Karl J. Sweeney, Michael K. Barry, Carmel M. Malone, Maccon M. Keane, Aoife J. Lowery, Nicola Miller, Michael J. Kerin
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(7): 1117. CrossRef
Use of a supervised machine learning model to predict Oncotype DX risk category in node-positive patients older than 50 years of age
Austin D. Williams, Kate R. Pawloski, Hannah Y. Wen, Varadan Sevilimedu, Donna Thompson, Monica Morrow, Mahmoud El-Tamer
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2022; 196(3): 565. CrossRef
The Role of Oncotype DX® Recurrence Score in Predicting Axillary Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Jaime A. Pardo, Betty Fan, Alessandra Mele, Stephanie Serres, Monica G. Valero, Isha Emhoff, Amulya Alapati, Ted A. James
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2021; 28(3): 1320. CrossRef
A nomogram to predict the high-risk RS in HR+/HER2-breast cancer patients older than 50 years of age
Jing Yu, Jiayi Wu, Ou Huang, Jianrong He, Li Zhu, Weiguo Chen, Yafen Li, Xiaosong Chen, Kunwei Shen
Journal of Translational Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinicopathological correlates, oncological impact, and validation of Oncotype DX™ in a European Tertiary Referral Centre
Matthew G. Davey, Éanna J. Ryan, Sami Abd Elwahab, Jessie A. Elliott, Peter F. McAnena, Karl J. Sweeney, Carmel M. Malone, Ray McLaughlin, Michael K. Barry, Maccon M. Keane, Aoife J. Lowery, Michael J. Kerin
The Breast Journal.2021; 27(6): 521. CrossRef
Dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI and diffusion-weighted image as predictors of lymphovascular invasion in node-negative invasive breast cancer
Bo Bae Choi
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic value of the 21-gene recurrence score for regional recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Minji Koh, Jinhong Jung, Su Ssan Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Eun Kyung Choi, Il Yong Chung, Jong Won Lee, Sung-Bae Kim, Jae Ho Jeong
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 188(3): 583. CrossRef
A nomogram for predicting probability of low risk of MammaPrint results in women with clinically high-risk breast cancer
Young Joo Lee, Young Sol Hwang, Junetae Kim, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Byung Ho Son, Hee Jeong Kim, Beom Seok Ko, Jisun Kim, Il Yong Chung, Jong Won Lee, Sae Byul Lee
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a Nomogram to Predict the Recurrence Score of 21-Gene Prediction Assay in Hormone Receptor–Positive Early Breast Cancer
Shin Hye Yoo, Tae-Yong Kim, Miso Kim, Kyung-Hun Lee, Eunshin Lee, Han-Byoel Lee, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Wonshik Han, Dong-Young Noh, Sae-Won Han, Tae-You Kim, Seock-Ah Im
Clinical Breast Cancer.2020; 20(2): 98. CrossRef
Ki‐67 index, progesterone receptor expression, histologic grade and tumor size in predicting breast cancer recurrence risk: A consecutive cohort study
Yanna Zhang, Yidong Zhou, Feng Mao, Ru Yao, Qiang Sun
Cancer Communications.2020; 40(4): 181. CrossRef
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Update
Kimberly H. Allison, M. Elizabeth H. Hammond, Mitchell Dowsett, Shannon E. McKernin, Lisa A. Carey, Patrick L. Fitzgibbons, Daniel F. Hayes, Sunil R. Lakhani, Mariana Chavez-MacGregor, Jane Perlmutter, Charles M. Perou, Meredith M. Regan, David L. Rimm, W
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2020; 144(5): 545. CrossRef
Oncotype DX Predictive Nomogram for Recurrence Score Output: The Novel System ADAPTED01 Based on Quantitative Immunochemistry Analysis
Fabio Marazzi, Roberto Barone, Valeria Masiello, Valentina Magri, Antonino Mulè, Angela Santoro, Federica Cacciatori, Luca Boldrini, Gianluca Franceschini, Francesca Moschella, Giuseppe Naso, Silverio Tomao, Maria Antonietta Gambacorta, Giovanna Mantini,
Clinical Breast Cancer.2020; 20(5): e600. CrossRef

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Axillary Lymph Node Dissection Does Not Improve Post-mastectomy Overall or Disease-Free Survival among Breast Cancer Patients with 1-3 Positive Nodes: Ji Hyeon Joo, Su Ssan Kim, Byung Ho Son, Seung Do Ahn, Jin Hong Jung, Eun Kyung Choi, Sei Hyun Ahn, Jong Won Lee, Hee Jeong Kim, Beom Seok Ko; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1011-1021. Published online October 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.438

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) may be avoidable for breast cancer patients with 1-2 positive lymph nodes (LN) after breast-conserving therapy. However, the effects of ALND after mastectomy remain unclear because radiation is not routinely used. Herein, we compared the benefits of post-mastectomy ALND versus sentinel node biopsy (SNB) alone for breast cancer patients with 1-3 metastatic LNs.
Materials and Methods
A total of 1,697 patients with pN1 disease who underwent mastectomy during 2000-2015 were identified from an institutional database. Outcomes were compared using the inverse probability of treatment weighted method.
Results
Patients who underwent SNB tended to have smaller tumors, a lower histology grade, a lower number of positive LNs, and better immunohistochemical findings. After correcting all confounding factors regarding patient, tumor, and adjuvant treatment, the SNB and ALND groups did not differ in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), distant metastasis and locoregional recurrence. The 10-year DFS and OS rates were 83% and 84%, respectively, during a median follow-up period of 93 months.
Conclusion
ALND did not improve post-mastectomy survival outcomes among patients with N1 breast cancer, even after adjusting for all histopathologic and treatment-related factors.

Citations

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Omitting axillary dissection in breast cancer patients with one to two positive sentinel nodes undergoing mastectomy: a retrospective and prospective cohort study with a target trial emulation
Haitong Xie, Xin Wang, Xianlin Gu, Chihua Wu, Wanying Guo, Rui Li, Binxu Qiu, Zhihao Zhang, Peng Gao, Xiangyue Meng, Liang Du, Shengchun Liu, Michael Gnant, Jie Chen
International Journal of Surgery.2026; 112(4): 11000. CrossRef
The Clinical Impact of Not Performing Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in pN+sn Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Total Mastectomy
Beatriz Maganinho, Bárbara Peleteiro, Ricardo Pereira, José Luís Fougo
Clinical Breast Cancer.2026; 26(7): 56. CrossRef
Omission of completion axillary dissection in clinically node-negative breast cancer with 1–2 metastatic sentinel lymph nodes
Weiqiang Qiao, Xiao Guo, Peng Li, Qipeng Liu, Miao Deng
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Lymphangiogenesis in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications
Brusi Kola, Sooraj Kakkat, Prabhat Suman, Emily Crouch, Debanjan Chakroborty, Chandrani Sarkar
The FASEB Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
RETRACTED: Safety analysis of omitting axillary lymph node dissection in early-stage breast cancer with 1-2 sentinel lymph nodes macro-metastases: a meta-analysis
Yu Chen, Xiaoming Zhang, Qingping Wu, Shanshan Gao, Lu Wang, Minxia Zeng, Lihu Gu, Changrui Sheng
Clinical Breast Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Safety analysis of omitting axillary lymph node dissection in early-stage breast cancer with 1–2 sentinel lymph nodes macro-metastases: a meta-analysis
Yu Chen, Xiaoming Zhang, Qingping Wu, Shanshan Gao, Lu Wang, Minxia Zeng, Lihu Gu, Changrui Sheng
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Can axillary lymph node dissection be omitted in breast cancer patients with 1-2 positive sentinel nodes? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jinyi Xie, Tong Wan, Jie Hao, Siyue Zhang, Haoyu Wang, Xiaochen Zhang, Pengfei Zhu, Lijuan Wang, Bing Chen, Wenjing Zhao, Qifeng Yang, Ning Zhang
The Oncologist.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy on Female Patients With T3-4c Breast Cancer and 1-2 Positive Lymph Nodes: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Hanzhao Yang, Yadong Sun, Peili Wang, Jianghua Qiao, Chengzheng Wang, Zhenzhen Liu
Clinical Breast Cancer.2024; 24(3): e126. CrossRef
Axillary management in patients with clinical node-negative early breast cancer and positive sentinel lymph node: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Changzai Li, Pan Zhang, Jie Lv, Wei Dong, Baoshan Hu, Jinji Zhang, Hongcheng Zhu
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Reevaluating Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Total Mastectomy for Low Axillary Burden Breast Cancer: Insights from a Meta-Analysis including the SINODAR-ONE Trial
Munaser Alamoodi, Neill Patani, Kinan Mokbel, Umar Wazir, Kefah Mokbel
Cancers.2024; 16(4): 742. CrossRef
RecurIndex-Guided postoperative radiotherapy with or without Avoidance of Irradiation of regional Nodes in 1–3 node-positive breast cancer (RIGAIN): a study protocol for a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled prospective, phase III trial
Jing Liu, Yuting Tan, Zhuofei Bi, Suning Huang, Na Zhang, An-du Zhang, Lina Zhao, Yu Wang, Zibin Liang, Yu Hou, Xiangying Xu, Jianying Chen, Fei Wang, Xiaowen Lan, Xiao Lin, Xiaoxue Zhang, Wenyi Zhou, Xuting Ye, Jian-gui Guo, Xiaohong Wang, Ran Ding, Jiay
BMJ Open.2024; 14(7): e078049. CrossRef
The prognostic analysis of further axillary dissection in breast cancer with 1-2 positive sentinel lymph nodes undergoing mastectomy
Xueyi Zhao, Liu Yang, Congbo Cao, Zhenchuan Song
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy
Damiano GENTILE, Corrado TINTERRI
Minerva Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Can Axillary Lymph Node Dissection be Omitted in Breast Cancer Patients with Metastatic Sentinel Lymph Nodes Undergoing Mastectomy? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Real‐World Evidence
Fulong Chen, Xiaowen Li, Xianjun Lin, Lijia Chen, Zhaoling Lin, Hao Wu, Jishang Chen
World Journal of Surgery.2023; 47(10): 2446. CrossRef
De-implementation of Axillary Dissection in Women Undergoing Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
Laura D. Leonard, Thiago B. de Araujo, Christopher Quinn, Madeline B. Thomas, Laurel Beaty, Nicole M. Mott, Kathryn Colborn, Alicia A. Heelan, Sarah E. A. Tevis, Nicole Christian, Gretchen Arhendt, Ana L. Gleisner
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Ke Xiang, Jialin Chen, Yu Min, Hang Chen, Jiaxin Yang, Daixing Hu, Yuling Han, Guobing Yin, Yang Feng
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Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy with one to two metastatic sentinel lymph nodes: sub-analysis of the SINODAR-ONE multicentre randomized clinical trial and reopening of enrolm
Corrado Tinterri, Giuseppe Canavese, Wolfgang Gatzemeier, Erika Barbieri, Alberto Bottini, Andrea Sagona, Giulia Caraceni, Alberto Testori, Simone Di Maria Grimaldi, Carla Dani, Luca Boni, Paolo Bruzzi, Bethania Fernandes, Marta Scorsetti, Alberto Zambell
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Efficacy and safety comparison between axillary lymph node dissection with no axillary surgery in patients with sentinel node-positive breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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BMC Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Factores predictivos de metástasis en ganglios no centinela en el cáncer de mama con ganglio centinela positivo
Mariana Peyroteo, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Catarina Baía, Cátia Ribeiro, Paulo Reis, Abreu de Sousa
Cirugía Española.2022; 100(2): 81. CrossRef
Optimizing Axillary Management in Clinical T1-2N0 Mastectomy Patients with Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Olga Kantor, Jessica Means, Samantha Grossmith, Tanujit Dey, Jennifer R. Bellon, Elizabeth A. Mittendorf, Tari A. King
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2022; 29(2): 972. CrossRef
Predictive factors of non-sentinel lymph node disease in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node
Mariana Peyroteo, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Catarina Baía, Cátia Ribeiro, Paulo Reis, Abreu de Sousa
Cirugía Española (English Edition).2022; 100(2): 81. CrossRef
Axilla lymph node dissection can be safely omitted in patients with 1–2 positive sentinel nodes receiving mastectomy: a large multi-institutional study and a systemic meta-analysis
Weiqi Gao, Shuangshuang Lu, Yufei Zeng, Xiaosong Chen, Kunwei Shen
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2022; 196(1): 129. CrossRef
Comparison of survival outcomes between axillary conservation and axillary lymph node dissections in N1 early breast cancer: a propensity-matched SEER analysis
Nisha Wu, Xiaohan Su, Qiao Tan, Jing Luo, Yewei Yuan, Lingmi Hou, Junyan Li
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2022; 25(4): 1091. CrossRef
Surgeon Bias in the Management of Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Brittany J. Mathias, James Sun, Weihong Sun, Jun-Min Zhou, William J. Fulp, Christine Laronga, M. Catherine Lee, John V. Kiluk
Clinical Breast Cancer.2021; 21(1): 74. CrossRef
Impact of Axillary Dissection Among Patients With Sentinel Node–Positive Breast Cancer Undergoing Mastectomy
James Sun, Brittany J. Mathias, Christine Laronga, Weihong Sun, Jun-Min Zhou, William J. Fulp, John V. Kiluk, M. Catherine Lee
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Evolution of the Use of Completion Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with T1/2N0M0 Breast Cancer and Tumour-Involved Sentinel Lymph Nodes Undergoing Mastectomy: A Cohort Study
André Hennigs, Fabian Riedel, Manuel Feißt, Melitta Köpke, Mahdi Rezai, Ulrike Nitz, Mareike Moderow, Michael Golatta, Christof Sohn, Jörg Heil
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2019; 26(8): 2435. CrossRef

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No Association of Positive Superficial and/or Deep Margins with Local Recurrence in Invasive Breast Cancer Treated with Breast-Conserving Surgery: Tae In Yoon, Jong Won Lee, Sae Byul Lee, Guiyun Sohn, Jisun Kim, Il Young Chung, Hee Jeong Kim, Beom Seok Ko, Byung Ho Son, Gyungyub Gong, Sung-Bae Kim, Su Ssan Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Minsung Chung, Sei Hyun Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):275-282. Published online April 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.041

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We evaluated the effect of positive superficial and/or deep margin status on local recurrence (LR) in invasive breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy.
Materials and Methods
In total, 3,403 stage 1 and 2 invasive breast cancer patients treated with BCS followed by radiotherapy from January 2000 to December 2008 were included in this study. These patients were divided into three groups according to margin status: clear resection margin status for all sections (group 1, n=3,195); positive margin status in superficial and/or deep sections (group 2, n=121); and positive peripheral parenchymal margin regardless of superficial and/or deep margin involvement (group 3, n=87). The LR-free survival between these three groups was compared and the prognostic role of margin status was analyzed.
Results
Across all groups, age, tumor size, nodal status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status did not significantly differ. High grade, positive extensive intraductal component, hormone receptor positivity, hormone therapy received, and chemotherapy not received were more prevalent in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1. Five-year LR rates in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 1.9%, 1.7%, and 7.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that group 3 was a significant predictor for LR (hazard ratio [HR], 4.78; p < 0.001), but that positive superficial and/or deep margin was not (HR, 0.66; p=0.57).
Conclusion
Superficial and/or deep margin involvement following BCS is not an important predictor for LR.

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Current practices and challenges in margin evaluation for breast-conserving surgery specimens: a nationwide survey in Japan with international benchmarking
Yoshiya Horimoto, Hiroshi Kaise, Takashi Ishikawa, Eiichi Sato, Rin Yamaguchi, Takuya Moriya
Breast Cancer.2026; 33(1): 236. CrossRef
Correlation Between Margin Status and Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence in Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Breast-Conserving Surgery With Whole-Breast Radiation Therapy
Ki Jo Kim, Seung Ah Lee, Doyoun Woen, Su Min Lee, Kawon Oh, Cho Eun Lee, Woong Ki Park, Hyunwoo Lee, Yoon Ah Cho, Eun Yoon Cho, Seok Jin Nam, Seok Won Kim, Jonghan Yu, Byung Joo Chae, Se Kyung Lee, Jai Min Ryu, Jeong Eon Lee
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Jong-Ho Cheun, Young Joo Lee, Jun-Hee Lee, Yungil Shin, Jung Whan Chun, Soo Yeon Baek, Hong-Kyu Kim, Han-Byoel Lee, Jonghan Yu, Byung Joo Chae, Wonshik Han, Jeong Eon Lee
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Updates and Debate Concerning Margin Adequacy and Management following Breast-Conserving Surgery
Serena Bertozzi, Ambrogio P Londero, Jose Andres Diaz Nanez, Francesco Leone, Barbara Baita, Lucia La Verghetta, Milena Nobile, Daria Almesberger, Carla Cedolini
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Gemcitabine Single or Combination Chemotherapy in Post Anthracycline and Taxane Salvage Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer: Retrospective Analysis of 124 Patients: Min Kyoung Kim, Sung-Bae Kim, Jin Hee Ahn, Soon Im Lee, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Byung Ho Son, Gyungyub Gong, Hak-Hee Kim, Jung-Shin Lee, Yoon-Koo Kang, Woo Kun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):206-213. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.206

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, particularly in patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated 2^nd-line or greater metastatic breast cancer, and to compare gemcitabine monotherapy (G) with two gemcitabine-based doublets, gemcitabine/vinorelbine (GV) and gemcitabine/capecitabine (GX).

Materials and Methods

Of 124 consecutive patients who progressed after anthracycline- and taxane-containing chemotherapy, 58 received G alone, 38 received GV, and 28 received GX; their outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The median number of prior metastatic chemotherapy regimens was 2 (range 0~4). Visceral metastases were observed in 65 patients (51.4%). The overall response rate was 19.3% (21 partial responses). After a median follow-up period of 21.4 months, the overall survival was 7.6 months (95% CI: 5.5~9.6 months) and the median time to progression was 3.1 months (95% CI: 2.0~4.2 months). Compared with monotherapy (G), com - bination therapy with vinorelbine or capecitabine (GV/GX) was associated with a significantly higher response rate (8.2% vs. 28.3%, p=0.008) and a significantly longer median time to progression (2.8 vs. 3.5 months; p=0.028), but overall survival did not differ between the groups (7.4 vs. 8.2 months, respectively; p=0.54). Most of the adverse treatment-related events were mild to moderate in intensity. The most common adverse event was hematologic toxicity. Multivariate analysis showed that poor performance status and a short disease-free interval were independent prognostic factors for impaired overall survival.

Conclusions

The combination of gemcitabine with vinorelbine or capecitabine was an active and well-tolerated treatment option for taxane- and anthracycline-pretreated 2^nd-line or greater metastatic breast cancer patients, and gemcitabine-based doublets were more beneficial than gemcitabine monotherapy in alleviating symptoms for these patients.

Citations

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A Phase II Clinical Study on Apatinib Plus Vinorelbine in Refractory HER2-Negative Breast Cancer and its Metabolic Implications of Drug Resistance
Jing Wu, Pan Deng, La Zou, Xiaoyu Liu, Xianjun Tang, Xiaohua Zeng, Shengchun Liu
Current Cancer Drug Targets.2025; 25(10): 1321. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Vinorelbine for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Ying-Chun Xu, Hong-Xia Wang, Lei Tang, Yue Ma, Feng-Chun Zhang
The Breast Journal.2013; 19(2): 180. CrossRef

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Detection of Micrometastases of Breast Cancer by Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cytokeratin: Byung Ho Son, Ju Han Lee, Jong Sang Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(2):91-96. Published online April 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.2.91

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Axillary lymph node metastases are the single most important predictor of overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Micrometastases are defined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer as tumor foci less than or equal to 2 mm in greatest dimension. Recently, up to 30% of breast cancer patients were reported to have micrometastases. In this paper, to assess the rate of micrometastases in patients with stage I breast cancer, we attempted to determine the most useful marker of the micrometastases in node negative cases by routine histopathologic examination of regional lymph nodes and comparison of the results with the influencing factors on prognosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed immunohisto chemical staining for pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20 and CEA to identify which protein was the most useful marker for the detection of micrometastases in 86 node negative cases and determined the correlation between histological and clinical data.
RESULTS
A total of 5 lymph nodes in 5 separate cases showed micrometastases among the total 1,296 lymph nodes and 86 cases. The rates of micrometastases of lymph nodes and cases were 0.38% and 5.8%, respectively. The tumor type of micrometastasis was infiltrating ductal carcinoma in all cases. None of the microme tastases cases showed any relationship with tumor grade, tumor size, expression of ER and PR, patient survival rate or recurrence rate. The most useful marker to detect micrometastases was pancytokeratin.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that micrometastasis of axillary lymph nodes does not carry any independent prognostic significance.

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Breast Cancer Detected by Screening Mammography: Byung Ho Son, Jung Mi Park, Gyeong Yeop Gong, Se Hyun Ahn; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(3):499-508.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The early detection of breast cancer by screening mammography is important to reduce breast cancer mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of breast cancer patients detected by screening mammography.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Surgically treated 1,265 patients at Asan Medical Center from Jul. 1989 to Dec. 1997 were evaluated. Among them, 119 patients (9.4%) were detected by screening mammography. These patients were compared with clinically detected symptomatic breast cancer group.
RESULTS
The characteristics of breast cancer patients detected by screening mammography were as follows: The most common finding of mammography was microcalcifications (62.2%); The less invasive or more conservative minimal and non-destructive surgical treatments such as breast conserving surgery (21.0%), simple mastectomy (8.4%), breast reconstruction (8.4%) were performed more frequently; The median tumor size of invasive cancers was 16 mm; Node-negative cancers (83.2%) were more frequent; The early breast cancer of stage 0 and I was 70.6%; DCIS (29.4%) was highly proportionated; and The 5-year overall (95.8%) and 5-year disease-free survival rate (92.0%) were significantly higher than in clinically detected symptomatic breast cancer patients.
CONCLUSION
The screening mammography was significant for detecting non-palpable, early stage breast cancer. Ultrasonography was needed as an adjunct for the accurate detection in dense breast or young women. According to early detection, the 5-year survival rate was high.

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