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Original Article
- Dual-Functional PTX@Fe₃O₄ Nanobubbles: A Novel Theranostic Platform for Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging and Controlled Drug Delivery in Breast Cancer
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Weiyang Lv1
, Xiaomei Ning2, Chunxin Huang1, Xing Li1, Lianjie Bai1, Xiaotong Wang3, Zihan Wang1, Yunna Song4, Huilin Liu1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.1055 [Accepted]
Published online: November 17, 2025
1Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, China
2School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, China
3Department of Dialysis Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, China
4School of Basic Sciences, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, China
2School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, China
3Department of Dialysis Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, China
4School of Basic Sciences, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, China
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Corresponding author:
Huilin Liu
Tel: 86-15946490037
Email: liuhl2025hl@163.com
Received: 26 September 2025 • Accepted: 16 November 2025
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Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a novel theranostic nanoplatform that integrates ultrasound imaging and controlled drug delivery for the treatment of breast cancer.
Methods
PTX@Fe₃O₄ nanobubbles (NBs) were synthesised via microfluidics. Characterisation included transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, drug release kinetics, phantom imaging and biocompatibility assays in vitro and in mice.
Results
The NBs exhibited uniform size (178 ± 12 nm), high drug loading (8.3%) and pH/ultrasound-responsive release (68.2% at pH 5.5+US). Ultrasound signal enhancement correlated linearly with concentration (R² = 0.988), with imaging duration three times longer than SonoVue. The system exhibited minimal haemolysis (<2%) and low cytotoxicity and induced S-phase arrest (68.2%) in MCF-7 cells. No significant toxicity was observed in mice at 10 mg Fe/kg.
Conclusion
PTX@Fe₃O₄ NBs represent a promising, biocompatible theranostic platform for image-guided breast cancer therapy.
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