Abstract

Purpose
This study systematically reviewed cancer screening guidelines for the Korean population to evaluate the benefits and harms of the recommended cancer screening practices.
Materials and Methods
We searched international electronic databases from inception to July 2023. Two reviewers independently conducted reference screening and data extraction. Data were extracted based on recommendations from each guideline and presentation of benefits and harms. General characteristics of the cancer screening guidelines, including cancer type, recommended screening methods, certainty of evidence, were collected. Moreover, we obtained key information on the benefits and harms of screening interventions, including the quantification of their relative and absolute effects.
Results
Fifteen recommendations were identified for the use of interventions for the early detection of stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, cervical and lung cancers in 9 guidelines published between 2011 and 2015. Seven guidelines collected evidence through de novo systematic reviews. Eight guidelines presented the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations. Benefits are presented as relative risks, and harms are presented as absolute risks. Six recommendations presented the absolute effects of both benefits and harms (comparable); 8 presented them unevenly, including quantifying benefits relatively but presenting harms as absolute measures (asymmetric); and 1 presented neither benefits nor harms (incomplete).
Conclusion
More than half of guidelines fail to present the benefits and harms of screening in a balanced manner. To enable users and beneficiaries make informed decisions based on evidence, the benefits and harms supporting recommendations should be given in a transparent and balanced manner.

• Keywords: Early detection of cancer, Guideline, Mass screening, Systematic review