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Original Article
- Validating the Korean Geriatric Assessment Tool in Elderly Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Multicenter Study
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Ji Yun Lee1
, Sang-A Kim1, Youngil Koh2, Ho-Young Yhim3, Gyeong-Won Lee4, Chang-Ki Min5, Young Rok Do6, Hyo Jung Kim7, Sung Hwa Bae8, Hyeon-Seok Eom9, Sung-Hoon Jung10, Hyunkyung Park11, Seung-Hyun Nam12, Ji Hyun Lee13, Sung-Hyun Kim13, Hyun Jung Lee14, Young Seob Park15, Soo-Mee Bang1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.066 [Accepted]
Published online: February 21, 2025
1Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
2Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
3Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
4Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
5Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
6Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
7Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
8Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
9Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
10Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
11Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
12Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
13Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
14Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
15Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
2Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
3Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
4Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
5Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
6Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
7Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
8Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
9Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
10Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
11Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
12Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
13Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
14Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
15Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Corresponding author:
Soo-Mee Bang
Tel: 82-31-787-7039
Email: smbang7@snu.ac.kr
Received: 15 January 2025 • Accepted: 20 February 2025
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Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluates the Korean Cancer Study Group Geriatric Score-7 (KG-7) frailty screening tool's effectiveness in elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients to prevent under and over-treatment.
Materials and Methods
This prospective pilot cohort study included 100 elderly patients aged 70 and older with newly diagnosed MM who had not undergone transplantation from August 2020 to January 2022.
Results
The median age was 77 years, and 73% of patients were classified at International Staging System (ISS) stages 2 or 3. Using a 5-point cutoff on the KG-7 index (non-frail, score ≥ 5; frail, score < 5), 31% were categorized as frail. After a median follow-up of 26.8 months, the 3-year overall survival rate was 73.0%. There was no statistically significant association between any frailty index and the risk of death. However, frail patients defined by the simplified frailty index (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.09–5.95; p=0.030) and by KG-7 (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.03–5.86; p=0.043) had a significantly higher risk of grade 3–4 non-hematologic toxicity, whereas the IMWG definition did not. Over a 24-month tracking period, vulnerability as measured by KG-7 either improved or deteriorated.
Conclusion
The pilot study, which had a limited number of participants, did not demonstrate KG-7’s effectiveness in predicting survival; however, it successfully predicted severe non-hematologic toxicities. We plan to conduct larger studies in elderly MM patients to determine whether KG-7 can help tailor their treatment regimens.
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