1Center for Gynecologic Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
2Center for Breast Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
3Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
4Cancer Healthcare Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
5Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
6Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea
7Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
Copyright © 2021 by the Korean Cancer Association
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ethical Statement
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Cancer Center, Korea (NCC2020-0176). The requirement for informed consent was waived because we analyzed de-identified data secondarily.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the analysis: Won YJ, Lim MC.
Contributed data or analysis tools: Lim J, Won YJ.
Performed the analysis: Lim J.
Wrote the paper: Ha HI, Lee EG, Jung SY, Chang YJ, Won YJ, Lim MC.
Interpretation, review: Ha HI.
Review and comment: Lee EG, Jung SY, Chang YJ.
Conflicts of Interest
Conflict of interest relevant to this article was not reported.
Year | POFT cancer | Breast cancer | Secondary POFT cancer after primary breast cancer | |||||||
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ASRa) per 100,000 women | % of cases | No. of cases | ASRa) per 100,000 women | % of cases | No. of cases | ASRa) per 100,000 women | ASR per 100,000 breast cancer patients | % of cases | No. of cases | |
1999 | 3.73 | 3.15 | 958 | 21.37 | 2.32 | 5,824 | 0.0000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 |
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2000 | 3.70 | 3.24 | 984 | 21.53 | 2.39 | 6,010 | 0.0111 | 17.16 | 0.61 | 3 |
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2001 | 3.62 | 3.28 | 995 | 25.25 | 2.90 | 7,277 | 0.0080 | 10.65 | 0.41 | 2 |
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2002 | 3.78 | 3.51 | 1,065 | 27.83 | 3.27 | 8,225 | 0.0165 | 19.71 | 1.01 | 5 |
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2003 | 4.01 | 3.76 | 1,141 | 27.95 | 3.37 | 8,474 | 0.0141 | 24.30 | 0.81 | 4 |
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2004 | 4.01 | 3.91 | 1,188 | 29.50 | 3.65 | 9,175 | 0.0235 | 33.52 | 1.42 | 7 |
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2005 | 4.28 | 4.28 | 1,300 | 32.32 | 4.07 | 10,236 | 0.0330 | 38.51 | 2.03 | 10 |
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2006 | 4.36 | 4.49 | 1,362 | 33.64 | 4.34 | 10,898 | 0.0578 | 67.18 | 3.65 | 18 |
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2007 | 4.89 | 5.14 | 1,560 | 36.17 | 4.77 | 11,987 | 0.0313 | 42.31 | 2.03 | 10 |
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2008 | 4.63 | 5.04 | 1,530 | 37.77 | 5.09 | 12,791 | 0.0522 | 51.76 | 3.45 | 17 |
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2009 | 4.61 | 5.21 | 1,582 | 39.32 | 5.42 | 13,628 | 0.0506 | 45.76 | 3.65 | 18 |
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2010 | 5.04 | 5.72 | 1,738 | 41.38 | 5.83 | 14,636 | 0.0754 | 74.82 | 5.27 | 26 |
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2011 | 4.97 | 5.81 | 1,763 | 44.58 | 6.42 | 16,133 | 0.0715 | 70.47 | 5.48 | 27 |
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2012 | 5.27 | 6.37 | 1,933 | 45.39 | 6.66 | 16,728 | 0.0777 | 75.17 | 6.29 | 31 |
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2013 | 5.23 | 6.52 | 1,981 | 46.34 | 6.94 | 17,432 | 0.1049 | 90.96 | 8.32 | 41 |
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2014 | 5.67 | 7.10 | 2,156 | 48.02 | 7.34 | 18,436 | 0.1230 | 103.49 | 10.55 | 52 |
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2015 | 5.59 | 7.25 | 2,201 | 49.59 | 7.66 | 19,254 | 0.1725 | 139.59 | 14.40 | 71 |
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2016 | 6.15 | 8.07 | 2,451 | 55.41 | 8.68 | 21,805 | 0.1830 | 128.31 | 15.01 | 74 |
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2017 | 6.15 | 8.16 | 2,478 | 56.07 | 8.87 | 22,295 | 0.1801 | 126.25 | 15.62 | 77 |
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1999–2017 | 4.82 | 100 | 30,366 | 39.13 | 100 | 251,244 | 0.0763 | 78.84 | 100 | 493 |
Characteristic | SIR | Secondary POFT cancer after primary breast cancer | Primary POFT cancer | p-valuea) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | 2.32b) | 493 | 25,721 | - |
Follow-up from registration, median (range, yr) | - | 10.25 (0.17–18.75) | 3.33 (0.00–18.75) | < 0.001 |
Interval between 1st and 2nd cancers, median (range, yr) | - | 6.92 (0.17–18.00) | ||
Follow-up from secondary ovarian cancer diagnosis, median (range, yr) | - | 2.22 (0.02–16.14) | ||
Age at ovarian cancer diagnosis, median (range, yr) | 55 (35–87) | 53 (10–96) | < 0.001 | |
Age group at ovarian cancer diagnosis (yr) | ||||
< 30 | 0 | 0 | 1,185 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
30–39 | 3.34b) | 14 (2.8) | 2,405 (9.4) | |
40–49 | 2.58b) | 124 (25.2) | 6,497 (25.3) | |
50–59 | 2.12b) | 191 (38.8) | 7,374 (28.7) | |
60–69 | 2.39b) | 115 (23.3) | 4,943 (19.2) | |
70–79 | 2.43b) | 47 (9.5) | 2,731 (10.6) | |
≥ 80 | 0.77 | 2 (0.4) | 586 (2.3) | |
Interval between 1st and 2nd cancers (yr) | ||||
Mean±SD | - | 7.27±4.47 | - | - |
< 1 | 1.06 | 24 (4.9) | - | - |
1–4 | 1.70b) | 149 (30.2) | - | - |
5–9 | 2.72b) | 182 (36.9) | - | - |
≥ 10 | 3.88b) | 138 (28.0) | - | - |
Histologic type | ||||
Serous | 2.77b) | 337 (68.4) | 13,163 (51.2) | < 0.001 |
Endometrioid | 1.60b) | 29 (5.9) | 2,248 (8.7) | |
Clear cell | 1.13 | 24 (4.9) | 2,410 (9.4) | |
Mucinous | 1.19 | 26 (5.3) | 3,911 (15.2) | |
Others | 2.60b) | 77 (15.6) | 3,989 (15.5) | |
Stage at diagnosis (since 2006) | ||||
Local | 1.61b) | 48 (20.9) | 5,009 (26.3) | 0.326 |
Regional | 1.80b) | 46 (20.0) | 3,646 (19.1) | |
Distant | 1.85b) | 122 (53.0) | 9,352 (49.0) | |
Unknown | 2.57b) | 14 (6.1) | 1,067 (5.6) | |
Surgery | ||||
Yes | 2.27b) | 428 (86.8) | 22,580 (87.8) | 0.514 |
No | 2.67b) | 65 (13.2) | 3,141 (12.2) | |
Radiation therapy | ||||
Yes | 1.26 | 4 (0.8) | 425 (1.7) | 0.145 |
No | 2.34b) | 489 (99.2) | 25,296 (98.3) | |
Chemotherapy | ||||
Yes | 2.34b) | 375 (76.1) | 18,340 (71.3) | 0.021 |
No | 2.26b) | 118 (23.9) | 7,381 (28.7) |
Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise indicated. POFT, peritoneal, ovarian, and fallopian tube; SD, standard deviation; SIR, standardized incidence ratio.
a) ANOVA tests and chi-square tests were performed to evaluate differences by factor for continuous variables and for categorical variables, respectively,
b) Significant at alpha=0.05.
Year | POFT cancer | Breast cancer | Secondary POFT cancer after primary breast cancer | |||||||
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ASR |
% of cases | No. of cases | ASR |
% of cases | No. of cases | ASR |
ASR per 100,000 breast cancer patients | % of cases | No. of cases | |
1999 | 3.73 | 3.15 | 958 | 21.37 | 2.32 | 5,824 | 0.0000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 |
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2000 | 3.70 | 3.24 | 984 | 21.53 | 2.39 | 6,010 | 0.0111 | 17.16 | 0.61 | 3 |
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2001 | 3.62 | 3.28 | 995 | 25.25 | 2.90 | 7,277 | 0.0080 | 10.65 | 0.41 | 2 |
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2002 | 3.78 | 3.51 | 1,065 | 27.83 | 3.27 | 8,225 | 0.0165 | 19.71 | 1.01 | 5 |
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2003 | 4.01 | 3.76 | 1,141 | 27.95 | 3.37 | 8,474 | 0.0141 | 24.30 | 0.81 | 4 |
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2004 | 4.01 | 3.91 | 1,188 | 29.50 | 3.65 | 9,175 | 0.0235 | 33.52 | 1.42 | 7 |
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2005 | 4.28 | 4.28 | 1,300 | 32.32 | 4.07 | 10,236 | 0.0330 | 38.51 | 2.03 | 10 |
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2006 | 4.36 | 4.49 | 1,362 | 33.64 | 4.34 | 10,898 | 0.0578 | 67.18 | 3.65 | 18 |
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2007 | 4.89 | 5.14 | 1,560 | 36.17 | 4.77 | 11,987 | 0.0313 | 42.31 | 2.03 | 10 |
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2008 | 4.63 | 5.04 | 1,530 | 37.77 | 5.09 | 12,791 | 0.0522 | 51.76 | 3.45 | 17 |
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2009 | 4.61 | 5.21 | 1,582 | 39.32 | 5.42 | 13,628 | 0.0506 | 45.76 | 3.65 | 18 |
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2010 | 5.04 | 5.72 | 1,738 | 41.38 | 5.83 | 14,636 | 0.0754 | 74.82 | 5.27 | 26 |
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2011 | 4.97 | 5.81 | 1,763 | 44.58 | 6.42 | 16,133 | 0.0715 | 70.47 | 5.48 | 27 |
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2012 | 5.27 | 6.37 | 1,933 | 45.39 | 6.66 | 16,728 | 0.0777 | 75.17 | 6.29 | 31 |
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2013 | 5.23 | 6.52 | 1,981 | 46.34 | 6.94 | 17,432 | 0.1049 | 90.96 | 8.32 | 41 |
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2014 | 5.67 | 7.10 | 2,156 | 48.02 | 7.34 | 18,436 | 0.1230 | 103.49 | 10.55 | 52 |
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2015 | 5.59 | 7.25 | 2,201 | 49.59 | 7.66 | 19,254 | 0.1725 | 139.59 | 14.40 | 71 |
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2016 | 6.15 | 8.07 | 2,451 | 55.41 | 8.68 | 21,805 | 0.1830 | 128.31 | 15.01 | 74 |
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2017 | 6.15 | 8.16 | 2,478 | 56.07 | 8.87 | 22,295 | 0.1801 | 126.25 | 15.62 | 77 |
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1999–2017 | 4.82 | 100 | 30,366 | 39.13 | 100 | 251,244 | 0.0763 | 78.84 | 100 | 493 |
ASR, age-standardized rate; POFT, primary peritoneal, ovarian, and fallopian tube.
a)ASR was calculated using Segi’s world standard population.
Characteristic | SIR | Secondary POFT cancer after primary breast cancer | Primary POFT cancer | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | 2.32 |
493 | 25,721 | - |
Follow-up from registration, median (range, yr) | - | 10.25 (0.17–18.75) | 3.33 (0.00–18.75) | < 0.001 |
Interval between 1st and 2nd cancers, median (range, yr) | - | 6.92 (0.17–18.00) | ||
Follow-up from secondary ovarian cancer diagnosis, median (range, yr) | - | 2.22 (0.02–16.14) | ||
Age at ovarian cancer diagnosis, median (range, yr) | 55 (35–87) | 53 (10–96) | < 0.001 | |
Age group at ovarian cancer diagnosis (yr) | ||||
< 30 | 0 | 0 | 1,185 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
30–39 | 3.34 |
14 (2.8) | 2,405 (9.4) | |
40–49 | 2.58 |
124 (25.2) | 6,497 (25.3) | |
50–59 | 2.12 |
191 (38.8) | 7,374 (28.7) | |
60–69 | 2.39 |
115 (23.3) | 4,943 (19.2) | |
70–79 | 2.43 |
47 (9.5) | 2,731 (10.6) | |
≥ 80 | 0.77 | 2 (0.4) | 586 (2.3) | |
Interval between 1st and 2nd cancers (yr) | ||||
Mean±SD | - | 7.27±4.47 | - | - |
< 1 | 1.06 | 24 (4.9) | - | - |
1–4 | 1.70 |
149 (30.2) | - | - |
5–9 | 2.72 |
182 (36.9) | - | - |
≥ 10 | 3.88 |
138 (28.0) | - | - |
Histologic type | ||||
Serous | 2.77 |
337 (68.4) | 13,163 (51.2) | < 0.001 |
Endometrioid | 1.60 |
29 (5.9) | 2,248 (8.7) | |
Clear cell | 1.13 | 24 (4.9) | 2,410 (9.4) | |
Mucinous | 1.19 | 26 (5.3) | 3,911 (15.2) | |
Others | 2.60 |
77 (15.6) | 3,989 (15.5) | |
Stage at diagnosis (since 2006) | ||||
Local | 1.61 |
48 (20.9) | 5,009 (26.3) | 0.326 |
Regional | 1.80 |
46 (20.0) | 3,646 (19.1) | |
Distant | 1.85 |
122 (53.0) | 9,352 (49.0) | |
Unknown | 2.57 |
14 (6.1) | 1,067 (5.6) | |
Surgery | ||||
Yes | 2.27 |
428 (86.8) | 22,580 (87.8) | 0.514 |
No | 2.67 |
65 (13.2) | 3,141 (12.2) | |
Radiation therapy | ||||
Yes | 1.26 | 4 (0.8) | 425 (1.7) | 0.145 |
No | 2.34 |
489 (99.2) | 25,296 (98.3) | |
Chemotherapy | ||||
Yes | 2.34 |
375 (76.1) | 18,340 (71.3) | 0.021 |
No | 2.26 |
118 (23.9) | 7,381 (28.7) |
Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise indicated. POFT, peritoneal, ovarian, and fallopian tube; SD, standard deviation; SIR, standardized incidence ratio.
a)ANOVA tests and chi-square tests were performed to evaluate differences by factor for continuous variables and for categorical variables, respectively,
b)Significant at alpha=0.05.
ASR, age-standardized rate; POFT, primary peritoneal, ovarian, and fallopian tube. ASR was calculated using Segi’s world standard population.
Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise indicated. POFT, peritoneal, ovarian, and fallopian tube; SD, standard deviation; SIR, standardized incidence ratio. ANOVA tests and chi-square tests were performed to evaluate differences by factor for continuous variables and for categorical variables, respectively, Significant at alpha=0.05.