1Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
2Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
3Department of Social Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
Copyright © 2017 by the Korean Cancer Association
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Variable | Total | Overall screening (A+B) | Not screened |
Screened |
p-valuea) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organized screening (A) | Opportunistic screening (B) | |||||
Total | 11,189 (100) | 6,843 (58.6) | 4,346 (41.4) | 6,019 (51.1) | 824 (7.5) | |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 4,855 (43.4) | 2,766 (53.9) | 2,089 (46.1) | 2,362 (45.8) | 404 (8.1) | < 0.001 |
Female | 6,334 (56.6) | 4,077 (63.1) | 2,257 (36.9) | 3,657 (56.2) | 420 (6.9) | |
Age (yr) | ||||||
40-49 | 2,788 (35.9) | 1,645 (55.4) | 1,143 (44.6) | 1,401 (47.0) | 244 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
50-59 | 3,063 (30.6) | 2,042 (63.7) | 1,021 (36.3) | 1,774 (55.0) | 268 (8.7) | |
60-69 | 2,762 (17.8) | 1,893 (66.9) | 869 (33.1) | 1,685 (59.9) | 208 (7.0) | |
≥ 70 | 2,576 (15.7) | 1,263 (46.7) | 1,313 (53.3) | 1,159 (43.2) | 104 (3.5) | |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 9,128 (82.7) | 5,788 (60.6) | 3,340 (39.4) | 5,062 (52.6) | 726 (8.0) | < 0.001 |
Otherb) | 2,050 (17.3) | 971 (49.5) | 906 (49.2) | 879 (45.2) | 92 (5.6) | |
Education | ||||||
≤ Elementary school | 4,180 (31.7) | 2,356 (55.3) | 1,824 (44.7) | 2,168 (50.7) | 188 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
Junior high school | 1,684 (15.6) | 1,069 (61.7) | 615 (38.3) | 945 (54.5) | 124 (7.2) | |
High school | 3,199 (32.4) | 2,049 (59.4) | 1,150 (40.6) | 1,791 (51.2) | 258 (8.3) | |
≥ College | 2,108 (20.3) | 1,360 (60.4) | 748 (39.6) | 1,107 (49.3) | 253 (11.1) | |
Household income | ||||||
Fourth quartile | 2,864 (21.8) | 1,525 (51.0) | 1,339 (49.0) | 1,412 (47.1) | 113 (3.9) | < 0.001 |
Third quartile | 2,808 (26.9) | 1,714 (57.7) | 1,094 (42.3) | 1,534 (51.2) | 180 (6.5) | |
Second quartile | 2,628 (25.6) | 1,671 (60.4) | 957 (39.6) | 1,485 (53.1) | 186 (7.3) | |
First quartile | 2,757 (25.7) | 1,866 (64.7) | 891 (35.3) | 1,538 (53.3) | 328 (11.4) | |
Type of employment | ||||||
Unemployed | 4,681 (34.6) | 2,797 (57.3) | 1,884 (42.7) | 2,495 (51.2) | 302 (6.1) | < 0.001 |
Employee | 3,212 (33.3) | 2,060 (61.9) | 1,152 (38.1) | 1,818 (54.1) | 242 (7.9) | |
Employer or self-employed | 2,529 (25.6) | 1,490 (55.6) | 1,039 (44.4) | 1,257 (46.3) | 233 (9.3) | |
Family business employee | 748 (6.4) | 486 (60.9) | 262 (39.1) | 441 (55.2) | 45 (5.7) | |
Public health insurance | ||||||
Medical Aid | 359 (3.4) | 181 (49.4) | 178 (50.6) | 172 (46.1) | 9 (3.3) | 0.006 |
National Health Insurance | 10,773 (96.6) | 6,642 (59.1) | 4,131 (40.9) | 5,830 (51.4) | 812 (7.7) | |
Supplementary private health insurance | ||||||
No | 4,040 (31.0) | 2,067 (47.7) | 1,973 (52.3) | 1,871 (43.1) | 196 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 7,021 (69.0) | 4,707 (63.9) | 2,314 (36.1) | 4,088 (55.0) | 619 (8.8) | |
EQ-5D utility score | ||||||
Upper four quintiles (> 0.854) | 8,455 (79.3) | 5,318 (59.7) | 3,137 (40.3) | 4,621 (51.4) | 697 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
Lowest quintile (≤ 0.854) | 2,725 (20.7) | 1,521 (54.5) | 1,204 (45.5) | 1,394 (50.2) | 127 (4.3) | |
No. of comorbid conditions | ||||||
0 | 5,527 (56.0) | 3,310 (56.7) | 2,217 (43.3) | 2,909 (49.3) | 401 (7.4) | 0.008 |
1 | 3,012 (24.9) | 1,883 (61.0) | 1,129 (39.0) | 1,643 (53.1) | 240 (7.9) | |
2 | 1,695 (12.4) | 1,056 (62.1) | 639 (37.9) | 940 (54.6) | 116 (7.5) | |
≥ 3 | 955 (6.7) | 594 (59.7) | 361 (40.3) | 527 (52.8) | 67 (6.9) | |
Smoking status | ||||||
Non-smoker | 6,536 (53.5) | 4,219 (62.9) | 2,317 (37.1) | 3,768 (55.9) | 451 (7.0) | < 0.001 |
Ex-smoker | 2,561 (23.0) | 1,589 (60.4) | 972 (39.6) | 1,352 (51.4) | 237 (9.0) | |
Current smoker | 2,055 (23.5) | 1,015 (47.2) | 1,040 (52.8) | 881 (40.2) | 134 (7.0) | |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Non-drinker | 2,066 (15.2) | 1,194 (55.9) | 872 (44.1) | 1,081 (50.3) | 113 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
Ex-drinker | 1,717 (14.1) | 999 (56.7) | 718 (43.3) | 895 (50.7) | 104 (6.0) | |
Light drinker | 4,936 (45.3) | 3,218 (62.1) | 1,718 (37.9) | 2,807 (53.6) | 411 (8.4) | |
Heavy drinker | 2,399 (25.3) | 1,389 (55.1) | 1,010 (44.9) | 1,195 (47.2) | 194 (7.9) | |
Physical activity | ||||||
None (less than 1 day per week) | 7,349 (66.7) | 4,351 (56.7) | 2,998 (43.3) | 3,841 (50.1) | 510 (6.6) | < 0.001 |
1-4 days per week | 2,409 (24.3) | 1,587 (62.5) | 822 (37.5) | 1,366 (52.4) | 221 (10.0) | |
More than 4 days per week | 978 (9.0) | 626 (62.1) | 352 (37.9) | 562 (55.2) | 64 (6.9) |
Variable |
Organized screening |
Opportunistic screening |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Total | ||||
Sex | ||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Female | 1.53 | 1.40-1.68 | 1.08 | 0.91-1.28 |
Age (yr) | ||||
40-49 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
50-59 | 1.44 | 1.25-1.65 | 1.27 | 0.98-1.65 |
60-69 | 1.72 | 1.49-1.97 | 1.13 | 0.86-1.48 |
≥ 70 | 0.77 | 0.65-0.90 | 0.35 | 0.26-0.48 |
Marital status | ||||
Othera) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Married | 1.52 | 1.33-1.73 | 2.02 | 1.56-2.63 |
Education | ||||
≤ Elementary school | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Junior high school | 1.26 | 1.08-1.46 | 1.85 | 1.36-2.53 |
High school | 1.11 | 0.97-1.28 | 2.00 | 1.54-2.61 |
≥ College | 1.10 | 0.95-1.27 | 2.75 | 2.07-3.65 |
Household income | ||||
Fourth quartile | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Third quartile | 1.26 | 1.09-1.45 | 1.94 | 1.43-2.62 |
Second quartile | 1.40 | 1.21-1.61 | 2.32 | 1.69-3.20 |
First quartile | 1.57 | 1.35-1.83 | 4.07 | 3.09-5.38 |
Type of employment | ||||
Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Employee | 1.18 | 1.06-1.32 | 1.44 | 1.15-1.80 |
Employer or self-employed | 0.87 | 0.76-1.00 | 1.46 | 1.14-1.87 |
Family business employee | 1.18 | 0.96-1.44 | 1.02 | 0.66-1.59 |
Public health insurance | ||||
Medical Aid | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
National Health Insurance | 1.38 | 1.05-1.81 | 2.85 | 1.24-6.54 |
Supplementary private health insurance | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.85 | 1.65-2.07 | 2.75 | 2.17-3.50 |
EQ-5D utility score | ||||
Upper four quintiles (> 0.854) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Lowest quintile (≤ 0.854) | 0.87 | 0.77-0.97 | 0.46 | 0.36-0.57 |
No. of comorbid conditions | ||||
0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
1 | 1.20 | 1.07-1.34 | 1.19 | 0.95-1.49 |
2 | 1.26 | 1.09-1.46 | 1.17 | 0.88-1.54 |
≥ 3 | 1.15 | 0.96-1.38 | 1.01 | 0.70-1.46 |
Smoking status | ||||
Current smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Ex-smoker | 1.70 | 1.48-1.96 | 1.71 | 1.28-2.29 |
Non-smoker | 1.98 | 1.74-2.24 | 1.42 | 1.11-1.82 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||
Non-drinker | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Ex-drinker | 1.03 | 0.86-1.22 | 1.08 | 0.76-1.53 |
Light drinker | 1.24 | 1.07-1.43 | 1.75 | 1.31-2.33 |
Heavy drinker | 0.92 | 0.78-1.09 | 1.37 | 1.00-1.89 |
Physical activity | ||||
None (less than 1 day per week) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
1-4 days per week | 1.21 | 1.06-1.37 | 1.76 | 1.39-2.22 |
More than 4 days per week | 1.26 | 1.04-1.53 | 1.20 | 0.83-1.74 |
Variable |
Organized screening |
Opportunistic screening |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
Total | ||||||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Female | 1.59 | 1.33-1.89 | 1.49 | 1.08-2.05 | ||
Age (yr) | ||||||
40-49 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
50-59 | 1.51 | 1.28-1.77 | 1.32 | 0.99-1.77 | ||
60-69 | 2.28 | 1.88-2.76 | 1.74 | 1.24-2.45 | ||
≥ 70 | 1.45 | 1.14-1.83 | 0.89 | 0.57-1.37 | ||
p-value for trenda) | < 0.0001 | 0.0766 | ||||
Marital status | ||||||
Otherb) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Married | 1.38 | 1.18-1.61 | 1.23 | 0.90-1.68 | ||
Education | ||||||
≤ Elementary school | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Junior high school | 1.18 | 0.99-1.39 | 1.32 | 0.92-1.88 | ||
High school | 1.14 | 0.96-1.35 | 1.47 | 1.05-2.07 | ||
≥ College | 1.21 | 0.99-1.48 | 2.00 | 1.36-2.95 | ||
p-value for trenda) | 0.4028 | 0.0006 | ||||
Household income | ||||||
Fourth quartile | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Third quartile | 1.11 | 0.94-1.30 | 1.34 | 0.93-1.92 | ||
Second quartile | 1.15 | 0.98-1.35 | 1.43 | 0.98-2.08 | ||
First quartile | 1.23 | 1.03-1.47 | 2.19 | 1.54-3.12 | ||
p-value for trenda) | 0.0080 | < 0.0001 | ||||
Type of employment | ||||||
Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Employee | 1.21 | 1.06-1.39 | 1.07 | 0.82-1.40 | ||
Employer or self-employed | 0.91 | 0.78-1.07 | 1.11 | 0.83-1.48 | ||
Family business employee | 0.94 | 0.76-1.17 | 0.79 | 0.50-1.25 | ||
p-value for trenda) | 0.2442 | 0.9729 | ||||
Public health insurance | ||||||
Medical Aid | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
National Health Insurance | 0.78 | 0.57-1.06 | 1.03 | 0.42-2.55 | ||
Supplementary private health insurance | ||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 1.84 | 1.59-2.13 | 1.76 | 1.31-2.35 | ||
EQ-5D utility score | ||||||
Upper four quintiles (> 0.854) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Lowest quintile (≤ 0.854) | 0.95 | 0.83-1.10 | 0.69 | 0.52-0.89 | ||
No. of comorbid conditions | ||||||
0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
1 | 1.23 | 1.07-1.41 | 1.49 | 1.16-1.92 | ||
2 | 1.31 | 1.11-1.55 | 1.90 | 1.33-2.72 | ||
≥ 3 | 1.33 | 1.08-1.64 | 2.15 | 1.39-3.32 | ||
p-value for trenda) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||
Smoking status | ||||||
Current smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Ex-smoker | 1.60 | 1.37-1.89 | 1.62 | 1.17-2.24 | ||
Non-smoker | 1.46 | 1.21-1.76 | 1.26 | 0.85-1.85 | ||
p-value for trenda) | < 0.0001 | 0.0532 | ||||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Non-drinker | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Ex-drinker | 1.13 | 0.93-1.37 | 1.05 | 0.74-1.49 | ||
Light drinker | 1.26 | 1.08-1.47 | 1.42 | 1.07-1.87 | ||
Heavy drinker | 1.19 | 0.96-1.47 | 1.23 | 0.87-1.73 | ||
p-value for trenda) | 0.0238 | 0.0452 | ||||
Physical activity | ||||||
None (less than 1 day per week) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
1-4 days per week | 1.20 | 1.05-1.38 | 1.41 | 1.11-1.80 | ||
More than 4 days per week | 1.19 | 0.97-1.46 | 1.08 | 0.73-1.58 | ||
p-value for trenda) | 0.0068 | 0.0548 |
Variable | Total | Overall screening (A+B) | Not screened | Screened |
p-value |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organized screening (A) | Opportunistic screening (B) | |||||
Total | 11,189 (100) | 6,843 (58.6) | 4,346 (41.4) | 6,019 (51.1) | 824 (7.5) | |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 4,855 (43.4) | 2,766 (53.9) | 2,089 (46.1) | 2,362 (45.8) | 404 (8.1) | < 0.001 |
Female | 6,334 (56.6) | 4,077 (63.1) | 2,257 (36.9) | 3,657 (56.2) | 420 (6.9) | |
Age (yr) | ||||||
40-49 | 2,788 (35.9) | 1,645 (55.4) | 1,143 (44.6) | 1,401 (47.0) | 244 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
50-59 | 3,063 (30.6) | 2,042 (63.7) | 1,021 (36.3) | 1,774 (55.0) | 268 (8.7) | |
60-69 | 2,762 (17.8) | 1,893 (66.9) | 869 (33.1) | 1,685 (59.9) | 208 (7.0) | |
≥ 70 | 2,576 (15.7) | 1,263 (46.7) | 1,313 (53.3) | 1,159 (43.2) | 104 (3.5) | |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 9,128 (82.7) | 5,788 (60.6) | 3,340 (39.4) | 5,062 (52.6) | 726 (8.0) | < 0.001 |
Other |
2,050 (17.3) | 971 (49.5) | 906 (49.2) | 879 (45.2) | 92 (5.6) | |
Education | ||||||
≤ Elementary school | 4,180 (31.7) | 2,356 (55.3) | 1,824 (44.7) | 2,168 (50.7) | 188 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
Junior high school | 1,684 (15.6) | 1,069 (61.7) | 615 (38.3) | 945 (54.5) | 124 (7.2) | |
High school | 3,199 (32.4) | 2,049 (59.4) | 1,150 (40.6) | 1,791 (51.2) | 258 (8.3) | |
≥ College | 2,108 (20.3) | 1,360 (60.4) | 748 (39.6) | 1,107 (49.3) | 253 (11.1) | |
Household income | ||||||
Fourth quartile | 2,864 (21.8) | 1,525 (51.0) | 1,339 (49.0) | 1,412 (47.1) | 113 (3.9) | < 0.001 |
Third quartile | 2,808 (26.9) | 1,714 (57.7) | 1,094 (42.3) | 1,534 (51.2) | 180 (6.5) | |
Second quartile | 2,628 (25.6) | 1,671 (60.4) | 957 (39.6) | 1,485 (53.1) | 186 (7.3) | |
First quartile | 2,757 (25.7) | 1,866 (64.7) | 891 (35.3) | 1,538 (53.3) | 328 (11.4) | |
Type of employment | ||||||
Unemployed | 4,681 (34.6) | 2,797 (57.3) | 1,884 (42.7) | 2,495 (51.2) | 302 (6.1) | < 0.001 |
Employee | 3,212 (33.3) | 2,060 (61.9) | 1,152 (38.1) | 1,818 (54.1) | 242 (7.9) | |
Employer or self-employed | 2,529 (25.6) | 1,490 (55.6) | 1,039 (44.4) | 1,257 (46.3) | 233 (9.3) | |
Family business employee | 748 (6.4) | 486 (60.9) | 262 (39.1) | 441 (55.2) | 45 (5.7) | |
Public health insurance | ||||||
Medical Aid | 359 (3.4) | 181 (49.4) | 178 (50.6) | 172 (46.1) | 9 (3.3) | 0.006 |
National Health Insurance | 10,773 (96.6) | 6,642 (59.1) | 4,131 (40.9) | 5,830 (51.4) | 812 (7.7) | |
Supplementary private health insurance | ||||||
No | 4,040 (31.0) | 2,067 (47.7) | 1,973 (52.3) | 1,871 (43.1) | 196 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 7,021 (69.0) | 4,707 (63.9) | 2,314 (36.1) | 4,088 (55.0) | 619 (8.8) | |
EQ-5D utility score | ||||||
Upper four quintiles (> 0.854) | 8,455 (79.3) | 5,318 (59.7) | 3,137 (40.3) | 4,621 (51.4) | 697 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
Lowest quintile (≤ 0.854) | 2,725 (20.7) | 1,521 (54.5) | 1,204 (45.5) | 1,394 (50.2) | 127 (4.3) | |
No. of comorbid conditions | ||||||
0 | 5,527 (56.0) | 3,310 (56.7) | 2,217 (43.3) | 2,909 (49.3) | 401 (7.4) | 0.008 |
1 | 3,012 (24.9) | 1,883 (61.0) | 1,129 (39.0) | 1,643 (53.1) | 240 (7.9) | |
2 | 1,695 (12.4) | 1,056 (62.1) | 639 (37.9) | 940 (54.6) | 116 (7.5) | |
≥ 3 | 955 (6.7) | 594 (59.7) | 361 (40.3) | 527 (52.8) | 67 (6.9) | |
Smoking status | ||||||
Non-smoker | 6,536 (53.5) | 4,219 (62.9) | 2,317 (37.1) | 3,768 (55.9) | 451 (7.0) | < 0.001 |
Ex-smoker | 2,561 (23.0) | 1,589 (60.4) | 972 (39.6) | 1,352 (51.4) | 237 (9.0) | |
Current smoker | 2,055 (23.5) | 1,015 (47.2) | 1,040 (52.8) | 881 (40.2) | 134 (7.0) | |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Non-drinker | 2,066 (15.2) | 1,194 (55.9) | 872 (44.1) | 1,081 (50.3) | 113 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
Ex-drinker | 1,717 (14.1) | 999 (56.7) | 718 (43.3) | 895 (50.7) | 104 (6.0) | |
Light drinker | 4,936 (45.3) | 3,218 (62.1) | 1,718 (37.9) | 2,807 (53.6) | 411 (8.4) | |
Heavy drinker | 2,399 (25.3) | 1,389 (55.1) | 1,010 (44.9) | 1,195 (47.2) | 194 (7.9) | |
Physical activity | ||||||
None (less than 1 day per week) | 7,349 (66.7) | 4,351 (56.7) | 2,998 (43.3) | 3,841 (50.1) | 510 (6.6) | < 0.001 |
1-4 days per week | 2,409 (24.3) | 1,587 (62.5) | 822 (37.5) | 1,366 (52.4) | 221 (10.0) | |
More than 4 days per week | 978 (9.0) | 626 (62.1) | 352 (37.9) | 562 (55.2) | 64 (6.9) |
Variable | Organized screening |
Opportunistic screening |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Total | ||||
Sex | ||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Female | 1.53 | 1.40-1.68 | 1.08 | 0.91-1.28 |
Age (yr) | ||||
40-49 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
50-59 | 1.44 | 1.25-1.65 | 1.27 | 0.98-1.65 |
60-69 | 1.72 | 1.49-1.97 | 1.13 | 0.86-1.48 |
≥ 70 | 0.77 | 0.65-0.90 | 0.35 | 0.26-0.48 |
Marital status | ||||
Other |
1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Married | 1.52 | 1.33-1.73 | 2.02 | 1.56-2.63 |
Education | ||||
≤ Elementary school | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Junior high school | 1.26 | 1.08-1.46 | 1.85 | 1.36-2.53 |
High school | 1.11 | 0.97-1.28 | 2.00 | 1.54-2.61 |
≥ College | 1.10 | 0.95-1.27 | 2.75 | 2.07-3.65 |
Household income | ||||
Fourth quartile | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Third quartile | 1.26 | 1.09-1.45 | 1.94 | 1.43-2.62 |
Second quartile | 1.40 | 1.21-1.61 | 2.32 | 1.69-3.20 |
First quartile | 1.57 | 1.35-1.83 | 4.07 | 3.09-5.38 |
Type of employment | ||||
Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Employee | 1.18 | 1.06-1.32 | 1.44 | 1.15-1.80 |
Employer or self-employed | 0.87 | 0.76-1.00 | 1.46 | 1.14-1.87 |
Family business employee | 1.18 | 0.96-1.44 | 1.02 | 0.66-1.59 |
Public health insurance | ||||
Medical Aid | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
National Health Insurance | 1.38 | 1.05-1.81 | 2.85 | 1.24-6.54 |
Supplementary private health insurance | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.85 | 1.65-2.07 | 2.75 | 2.17-3.50 |
EQ-5D utility score | ||||
Upper four quintiles (> 0.854) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Lowest quintile (≤ 0.854) | 0.87 | 0.77-0.97 | 0.46 | 0.36-0.57 |
No. of comorbid conditions | ||||
0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
1 | 1.20 | 1.07-1.34 | 1.19 | 0.95-1.49 |
2 | 1.26 | 1.09-1.46 | 1.17 | 0.88-1.54 |
≥ 3 | 1.15 | 0.96-1.38 | 1.01 | 0.70-1.46 |
Smoking status | ||||
Current smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Ex-smoker | 1.70 | 1.48-1.96 | 1.71 | 1.28-2.29 |
Non-smoker | 1.98 | 1.74-2.24 | 1.42 | 1.11-1.82 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||
Non-drinker | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Ex-drinker | 1.03 | 0.86-1.22 | 1.08 | 0.76-1.53 |
Light drinker | 1.24 | 1.07-1.43 | 1.75 | 1.31-2.33 |
Heavy drinker | 0.92 | 0.78-1.09 | 1.37 | 1.00-1.89 |
Physical activity | ||||
None (less than 1 day per week) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
1-4 days per week | 1.21 | 1.06-1.37 | 1.76 | 1.39-2.22 |
More than 4 days per week | 1.26 | 1.04-1.53 | 1.20 | 0.83-1.74 |
Variable | Organized screening |
Opportunistic screening |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
Total | ||||||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Female | 1.59 | 1.33-1.89 | 1.49 | 1.08-2.05 | ||
Age (yr) | ||||||
40-49 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
50-59 | 1.51 | 1.28-1.77 | 1.32 | 0.99-1.77 | ||
60-69 | 2.28 | 1.88-2.76 | 1.74 | 1.24-2.45 | ||
≥ 70 | 1.45 | 1.14-1.83 | 0.89 | 0.57-1.37 | ||
p-value for trend |
< 0.0001 | 0.0766 | ||||
Marital status | ||||||
Other |
1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Married | 1.38 | 1.18-1.61 | 1.23 | 0.90-1.68 | ||
Education | ||||||
≤ Elementary school | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Junior high school | 1.18 | 0.99-1.39 | 1.32 | 0.92-1.88 | ||
High school | 1.14 | 0.96-1.35 | 1.47 | 1.05-2.07 | ||
≥ College | 1.21 | 0.99-1.48 | 2.00 | 1.36-2.95 | ||
p-value for trend |
0.4028 | 0.0006 | ||||
Household income | ||||||
Fourth quartile | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Third quartile | 1.11 | 0.94-1.30 | 1.34 | 0.93-1.92 | ||
Second quartile | 1.15 | 0.98-1.35 | 1.43 | 0.98-2.08 | ||
First quartile | 1.23 | 1.03-1.47 | 2.19 | 1.54-3.12 | ||
p-value for trend |
0.0080 | < 0.0001 | ||||
Type of employment | ||||||
Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Employee | 1.21 | 1.06-1.39 | 1.07 | 0.82-1.40 | ||
Employer or self-employed | 0.91 | 0.78-1.07 | 1.11 | 0.83-1.48 | ||
Family business employee | 0.94 | 0.76-1.17 | 0.79 | 0.50-1.25 | ||
p-value for trend |
0.2442 | 0.9729 | ||||
Public health insurance | ||||||
Medical Aid | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
National Health Insurance | 0.78 | 0.57-1.06 | 1.03 | 0.42-2.55 | ||
Supplementary private health insurance | ||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 1.84 | 1.59-2.13 | 1.76 | 1.31-2.35 | ||
EQ-5D utility score | ||||||
Upper four quintiles (> 0.854) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Lowest quintile (≤ 0.854) | 0.95 | 0.83-1.10 | 0.69 | 0.52-0.89 | ||
No. of comorbid conditions | ||||||
0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
1 | 1.23 | 1.07-1.41 | 1.49 | 1.16-1.92 | ||
2 | 1.31 | 1.11-1.55 | 1.90 | 1.33-2.72 | ||
≥ 3 | 1.33 | 1.08-1.64 | 2.15 | 1.39-3.32 | ||
p-value for trend |
< 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||
Smoking status | ||||||
Current smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Ex-smoker | 1.60 | 1.37-1.89 | 1.62 | 1.17-2.24 | ||
Non-smoker | 1.46 | 1.21-1.76 | 1.26 | 0.85-1.85 | ||
p-value for trend |
< 0.0001 | 0.0532 | ||||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Non-drinker | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Ex-drinker | 1.13 | 0.93-1.37 | 1.05 | 0.74-1.49 | ||
Light drinker | 1.26 | 1.08-1.47 | 1.42 | 1.07-1.87 | ||
Heavy drinker | 1.19 | 0.96-1.47 | 1.23 | 0.87-1.73 | ||
p-value for trend |
0.0238 | 0.0452 | ||||
Physical activity | ||||||
None (less than 1 day per week) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
1-4 days per week | 1.20 | 1.05-1.38 | 1.41 | 1.11-1.80 | ||
More than 4 days per week | 1.19 | 0.97-1.46 | 1.08 | 0.73-1.58 | ||
p-value for trend |
0.0068 | 0.0548 |
Results of the chi-square test among three groups (not screened, organized cancer screening, and opportunistic cancer screening), Unmarried, divorced, or widowed.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Unmarried, divorced, or widowed.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Calculated using continuous values, Unmarried, divorced, or widowed.