Thymoma is occasionally associated with hematologic disorders such as pure red cell aplasia, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia and several cases have been associated with pancytopenia. In contrast, thymic carcinoma has rarely been associated with aplastic anemia except one case reported by Thomas et aL. This case report concerns a patient in whom we have observed simultaneous occurrence of a well differentiated thymic carcinoma and a severe marrow aplasia for which we describe our therapeutic approach. Our patient did not benefit from thymectomy. We then tried antilymphocyte globulin and cyclosporine and the patient had a partial response with hematologic improvements.