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Special Article Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2012
Kyu-Won Jung, MS1,2, Young-Joo Won, PhD1,2,, Hyun-Joo Kong, MS1,2, Chang-Mo Oh, MD, PhD1,2, Hyunsoon Cho, PhD1,2, Duk Hyoung Lee, MD, PhD2, Kang Hyun Lee, MD, PhD1
Cancer Research and Treatment : Official Journal of Korean Cancer Association 2015;47(2):127-141.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.060
Published online: March 3, 2015

1The Korea Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea

2National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea

Correspondence: Young-Joo Won, PhD  The Korea Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 410-769, Korea 
Tel: 82-31-920-2015 Fax: 82-31-920-2179 E-mail: astra67@ncc.re.kr
• Received: February 17, 2015   • Accepted: February 22, 2015

Copyright © 2015 by the Korean Cancer Association

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    The aim of this study was to report nationwide cancer statistics in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence, and their trends.
  • Materials and Methods
    Incidence data from 1993 to 2012 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and vital status was followed through December 31, 2013. Mortality data from 1983 to 2012 were obtained from Statistics Korea. Crude and age-standardized rates for incidence, mortality, and prevalence, and relative survival were calculated.
  • Results
    A total of 224,177 cancer cases and 73,759 cancer deaths were reported in 2012, and there were 1,234,879 prevalent cases identified in Korea as of January 1, 2013. Over the past 14 years (1999-2012), overall incidence rates have increased by 3.3% per year. The incidence rates of liver and cervical cancers have decreased, while those of thyroid, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers have increased. Notably, incidence of thyroid cancer increased by 22.3% per year in both sexes and has been the most common cancer since 2009. The mortality for all cancers combined decreased by 2.7% per year from 2002 to 2012. Five-year relative survival rates of patients diagnosed in the last 5 years (2008-2012) have improved by 26.9% compared with those from 1993 to1995.
  • Conclusion
    Overall cancer mortality rates have declined since 2002 in Korea, while incidence has increased and survival has improved.
Cancer has been the leading cause of death in Korea since 1983 [1] and is the most burdensome disease [2]. More than 210,000 new cancer cases are diagnosed in Korea each year, and cancer is responsible for one in four deaths [3]. This article reports the most recent nationwide cancer statistics in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, prevalence, and their trends.
1. Data sources
The Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea, initiated a nationwide hospital-based cancer registry called the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) in 1980. The registry collected 80%-90% of cancer cases annually from more than 180 training hospitals throughout the country.
In 1999, the KCCR expanded cancer registration to cover the entire population under the Population-Based Regional Cancer Registry Program. Details of the history, objectives, and activities of the KCCR have been documented elsewhere [4]. Incidence data for 1999-2012 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (KNCI DB). The completeness of incidence data for 2012 was 97.7%, as determined by the Ajiki method [5].
Cancer cases were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition [6] and converted according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) [7]. A total of 2,405,894 cancer cases first diagnosed between 1993 and 2012 from the KNCI DB were used in the survival analysis, and vital status was followed until December 31, 2013.
Mortality data from 1983 to 2012 were obtained from Statistics Korea [1]. Cause of death was coded and classified according to ICD-10 [7]. Population data were also obtained from Statistics Korea using the resident registration population on July 1 of specified years.
2. Analysis
Crude rates (CRs) and age-specific rates of cancer incidence and mortality were calculated. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated using Segi’s world standard population [8]. Cumulative risks of cancer, which represent the probability of developing cancer during one’s lifetime, were also calculated. Changes in the annual ASRs of cancer incidence were examined by calculating the annual percentage change over a time period as (exp(b)–1)×100, where b is the slope of the regression of log ASR for a given calendar year [9].
Prevalence was also calculated for assessment of cancer burden, which includes new and pre-existing cancer patients diagnosed during a given time period who were still alive on an index date. Using the cancer incidence database data from 1999 to 2012, we defined prevalent cases as patients who were diagnosed between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2012, and were still alive on January 1, 2013. We calculated limited-duration prevalences, namely, 1- and 5-year prevalences. For example, the 5-year prevalence was calculated as the number of people alive on January 1, 2013 who had been diagnosed with cancer within the previous 5 years. We applied this counting method using the SEER*Stat software [10] to calculate the number of cases while adjusting for patients lost to follow-up.
The survival duration for each case was determined as the interval between the date of initial diagnosis and the date of death, date of loss to follow-up, or closing date for followup. Observed survival rates were calculated using the lifetable method and relative survival rates using the Ederer II method [11] were based on an algorithm written in SAS by Paul Dickman [12], with some minor modifications.
1. Incidence
The overall number of incident cancer cases, deaths, and prevalent cases by sex and cancer site for 2012 in Korea are shown in Table 1. A total of 224,177 incident cancer cases and 73,759 deaths were reported to occur in 2012. As of January 1, 2013, 1,234,879 prevalent cancer cases diagnosed between 1999 and 2012 were identified. The cumulative risk of developing cancer during one’s lifetime in 2012 was 37.5% for males and 34.9% for females.
The cancer incidence rates in 2012 by sex and cancer site are shown in Table 2. The 2012 CRs per 100,000 of all sites combined were 446.2 and 444.4 for males and females, respectively. The ASRs per 100,000 of all sites combined were 326.4 and 290.1 for males and females, respectively. In males, the five leading primary cancer sites were stomach (CR, 82.7; ASR, 59.3), colon and rectum (CR, 69.3; ASR, 50.0), lung (CR, 61.0; ASR, 44.3), liver (CR, 48.2; ASR, 34.3), and prostate (CR, 36.8; ASR, 27.0), which together accounted for 66.8% of all newly diagnosed cancers in 2012. In females, the most common cancer site was thyroid (CR, 142.9; ASR, 102.4), followed by breast (CR, 65.7; ASR, 44.7), colon and rectum (CR, 45.9; ASR, 26.8), stomach (CR, 39.8; ASR, 23.5), and lung (CR, 26.8; ASR, 14.9), which together accounted for 72.3% of all newly diagnosed cancers. Thyroid cancer alone accounted for 32.2% of incident cases (n=35,955) among females in 2012.
2. Mortality
A total of 73,759 cancer deaths were reported in Korea for 2012, accounting for 27.6% of all deaths (Table 3). In 2012, the CRs per 100,000 for all sites combined were 184.5 and 108.5 in males and females, respectively. The ASRs per 100,000 for all sites combined were 135.2 and 57.7 for males and females, respectively. Cancers of the lung, liver, stomach, and colon/rectum were the main causes of cancer death, together accounting for approximately 61.6% of all cancer deaths in 2012 (Table 4).
In males, the five most common sites of cancer death in 2012 were lung (CR, 48.3; ASR, 35.1), liver (CR, 33.7; ASR, 24.1), stomach (CR, 24.2; ASR, 17.6), colon and rectum (CR, 18.5; ASR, 13.7), and pancreas (CR, 10.4; ASR, 7.6). In women, lung cancer (CR, 17.8; ASR, 8.9) was the leading cause of cancer death in 2012, followed by colon and rectum (CR, 13.8; ASR, 6.8), stomach (CR, 12.9; ASR, 6.5), liver (CR, 11.3; ASR, 6.1), and pancreas (CR, 8.6; ASR, 4.4).
3. Trends in cancer incidence
The cancer incidence rates from 1999 to 2012 in Korea for all sites combined and for selected sites are shown in Tables 5-7. The incidence for all sites combined increased by 3.3% per year (1.5% in males, 5.3% in females) from 1999 to 2012. The increase in cancer incidence is also illustrated in Fig. 1.
The incidence rates for colorectal and thyroid cancers have continued to increase in both sexes, as have those for prostate cancer in males and breast cancer in females (Fig. 2). In contrast, the incidences of liver cancer in both sexes, lung cancer in males, and cervical cancer in females have decreased. Notably, thyroid cancer increased rapidly, by 22.3% per year in both sexes, and has been the most common cancer since 2009. Improvements in the sensitivity of diagnostic techniques for thyroid cancer, such as the advent of ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration, have enabled detection of small-sized thyroid cancers, and screening rates have increased. Therefore, the increased incidence of thyroid cancer might reflect the identification of previously undetected diseases rather than a true increase in the occurrence of thyroid cancer [13-16]. In addition, due to the construction of a 1999-2012 KNCI DB, the completeness of the Korean cancer registry data has shown gradual improvement, and this may have contributed, in part, to the gradual overall increases in cancer incidence, particularly among elderly patients.
The incidence of some cancer sites in 2012, including stomach, colon and rectum, decreased compared to 2011. However, these trends could be causes of random error, therefore, these results should be interpreted with caution.
4. Age-specific incidence rates
The most common cancer sites by sex and age group in 2012 are shown in Table 8. Leukemia and thyroid cancer were the most common cancer in both sexes in patients aged 0-14 and 15-34 years, respectively. For males, stomach cancer was the most common cancer in those aged 35-64, while lung cancer was more frequent among patients aged 65 and over. Thyroid cancer was the most common cancer in females aged 35-64 years, and colorectal cancer was the most common cancer among older females aged 65 and over.
The age-specific incidence rates for selected cancers in males and females in 2012 are shown in Fig. 3. The graphs show that the incidences of stomach, lung, liver, and colorectal cancers increased gradually with age. Incidences of breast and thyroid cancers in females were highest among patients in their late 40s and early 50s, respectively, and leveled off thereafter. The age-specific pattern of breast cancer is different from those in Western countries [17].
5. Trends in cancer mortality
The trends in cancer deaths for all sites combined and for selected sites are shown in Figs. 1 and 4. ASRs of mortality for all sites combined decreased by 2.7% per year in both sexes since 2002. Lung cancer surpassed stomach cancer as the leading cause of cancer death in 1999 and is expected to account for 22.6% of all cancer deaths in 2012. However, the ASRs of mortality due to lung cancer have decreased slightly in both males and females since 2002. The ASRs of mortality due to stomach and cervical cancers have also shown a continuous decrease. Along with significant increases in prostate and female breast cancer incidence rates, mortality rates of these cancers have also continued to increase.
6. Survival rates
The trends in relative survival for all sites combined among both sexes by year of diagnosis from 1999 to 2012 are shown in Fig. 5. The relative survival for all sites combined increased with year of diagnosis, and also increased when we excluded thyroid cancer cases in our analysis.
Table 9 shows the 5-year relative survival rates for four diagnosis periods: 1993-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2008-2012. The 5-year relative survival rate of patients diagnosed with cancer in the most recent period (2008-2012) was 68.1% for all sites combined in both sexes (59.6% in males and 76.6% in females). When compared with earlier periods, notable improvements in the 5-year relative survival rates were observed for all sites combined. The higher cancer survival rate in females might be explained in part by cancers common in females (e.g., thyroid and breast cancers) having relatively good prognoses.
When examined by year of diagnosis and cancer site, the 5-year relative survival rates appeared to be higher for most major cancers in patients diagnosed from 2008 to 2012 compared with those diagnosed from 1993 to 1995, with the exception of pancreatic cancer. The greatest improvements were seen in cancers of the prostate, stomach, leukemia, lip/oral cavity/pharynx, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The improving survival rates could be attributable to early detection and improved treatments [18,19]; however, this requires further evaluation. Only pancreatic cancer showed no improvement in 5-year relative survival rate compared with 1993-1995. A lack of progress in early detection and treatment could explain the observed absence of improvement in the survival rate for pancreatic cancer [20].
7. Prevalence rates
The cancer prevalence rates by sex and cancer site on January 1, 2013 in Korea are shown in Table 10. The CRs per 100,000 of cancer prevalence for all sites combined were 2,175.0 and 2,730.9 in males and females, respectively, and the ASRs per 100,000 of cancer prevalence for all sites combined were 1,592.2 and 1,788.0 in males and females, respectively. In males, the five leading primary sites of cancer for prevalence were stomach (CR, 546.5; ASR, 391.3), colon and rectum (CR, 410.9; ASR, 296.6), prostate (CR, 194.6; ASR, 141.6), thyroid (CR, 162.5; ASR, 114.8), and liver (CR, 152.6; ASR, 109.7), which together accounted for 67.4% of all prevalent cancer cases. In females, the most common cancer site was thyroid (CR, 866.0; ASR, 600.7), followed by breast (CR, 523.0; ASR, 346.7), colon and rectum (CR, 278.1; ASR, 161.8), stomach (CR, 276.2; ASR, 162.9), and cervix uteri (CR, 173.0; ASR, 111.7), which together accounted for 77.5% of all prevalent cancer cases.
The prevalence by time since diagnosis is shown in Fig. 6. For all cancers combined, the 2-year prevalence constituted 29.6% of all prevalent cases. The 2-year prevalence, as a percentage of the total prevalence, was highest for thyroid (23.1%), followed by stomach (14.5%) and colon and rectum (13.8%), which had high incidence rates and good prognoses. For all cancers combined in both sexes, the 2-5-year and > 5-year prevalences accounted for 30.5% and 39.9% of the total prevalence, respectively. The long-term prevalences for lung and liver cancers were relatively low due to low survival rates of lung and liver cancer patients.

Conflict of interest relevant to this article was not reported.

Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a research grant from the National Cancer Center (No. 1310220), Republic of Korea. The authors are indebted to Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR)-affiliated hospitals, non-KCCR-affiliated hospitals, 11 regional cancer registries (the Busan, Daegu and Gyeongbuk, Gwangju and Jeonnam, Incheon, Daejeon, Ulsan, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Jeonbuk, Gyeongnam and Jejudo cancer registries), the National Health Insurance Service and Statistics Korea for data collection.
Fig. 1.
Annual age-standardized cancer incidence and death rates by sex for all sites from 1983 to 2012 in Korea. Age standardization was based on the world standard population.
crt-2015-060f1.gif
Fig. 2.
Trends in age-standardized incidences of selected cancers by sex from 1999 to 2012 in Korea. Age standardization was based on the world standard population. (A) Male. (B) Female.
crt-2015-060f2.gif
Fig. 3.
Age-specific incidence rates of major cancers for 2012 in Korea. (A) Male. (B) Female.
crt-2015-060f3.gif
Fig. 4.
Annual age-standardized cancer mortalities of selected cancers by sex from 1983 to 2012 in Korea. Age standardization was based on the world standard population. (A) Male. (B) Female.
crt-2015-060f4.gif
Fig. 5.
Trends in relative survival by year of diagnosis from 1999 to 2012. (A) All sites for both sexes. (B) All sites except thyroid cancer for both sexes.
crt-2015-060f5.gif
Fig. 6.
Prevalence of major cancer sites by time since diagnosis on January 1, 2013 in Korea.
crt-2015-060f6.gif
Table 1.
Cancer incidence, prevalence, and deaths by sex in Korea, 2012
Site/Type New cases
Deaths
Prevalent casesa)
Both Male Female Both Male Female Both Male Female
All sites 224,177 112,385 111,792 73,759 46,462 27,297 1,234,879 547,837 687,042
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 2,913 2,135 778 1,036 809 227 17,024 11,501 5,523
Esophagus 2,332 2,116 216 1,398 1,278 120 7,444 6,714 730
Stomach 30,847 20,839 10,008 9,342 6,090 3,252 207,145 137,655 69,490
Colon and rectum 28,988 17,445 11,543 8,135 4,666 3,469 173,459 103,488 69,971
Liver 16,254 12,152 4,102 11,335 8,494 2,841 51,402 38,434 12,968
Gallbladderb) 5,131 2,600 2,531 3,688 1,818 1,870 14,778 7,532 7,246
Pancreas 5,403 2,940 2,463 4,778 2,616 2,162 7,032 3,803 3,229
Larynx 1,099 1,036 63 412 389 23 8,600 8,076 524
Lung 22,118 15,367 6,751 16,654 12,175 4,479 53,480 34,422 19,058
Breast 16,589 68 16,521 2,013 20 1,993 132,139 558 131,581
Cervix uteri 3,584 - 3,584 889 - 889 43,523 - 43,523
Corpus uteri 1,979 - 1,979 244 - 244 15,191 - 15,191
Ovary 2,167 - 2,167 910 - 910 14,171 - 14,171
Prostate 9,258 9,258 - 1,460 1,460 - 49,007 49,007 -
Testis 243 243 - 13 13 - 2,210 2,210 -
Kidney 4,152 2,882 1,270 917 663 254 26,015 17,551 8,464
Bladder 3,485 2,798 687 1,221 918 303 25,497 20,754 4,743
Brain and CNS 1,703 933 770 1,186 619 567 8,626 4,508 4,118
Thyroid 44,007 8,052 35,955 373 127 246 258,795 40,921 217,874
Hodgkin lymphoma 264 177 87 64 44 20 2,006 1,281 725
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 4,553 2,542 2,011 1,523 920 603 26,426 14,299 12,127
Multiple myeloma 1,272 696 576 823 472 351 3,842 2,042 1,800
Leukemia 2,826 1,595 1,231 1,666 919 747 14,890 8,216 6,674
Other and ill-defined 13,010 6,511 6,499 3,679 1,952 1,727 72,177 34,865 37,312

CNS, central nervous system.

a) Limited-duration prevalent cases on January 1, 2013; These patients who were diagnosed between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2012 and were alive on January 1, 2013; Multiple primary cancer cases were counted multiple times,

b) Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

Table 2.
Crude and age-standardized cancer incidence rates by sex in Korea, 2012
Site/Type Crude incidence rate per 100,000
Age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000a)
Both Male Female Both Male Female
All sites 445.3 446.2 444.4 299.0 326.4 290.1
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 5.8 8.5 3.1 3.9 6.1 2.0
Esophagus 4.6 8.4 0.9 3.0 6.1 0.5
Stomach 61.3 82.7 39.8 39.9 59.3 23.5
Colon and rectum 57.6 69.3 45.9 37.3 50.0 26.8
Liver 32.3 48.2 16.3 21.1 34.3 9.5
Gallbladderb) 10.2 10.3 10.1 6.3 7.6 5.3
Pancreas 10.7 11.7 9.8 6.7 8.4 5.4
Larynx 2.2 4.1 0.3 1.4 3.0 0.1
Lung 43.9 61.0 26.8 27.4 44.3 14.9
Breast 33.0 0.3 65.7 22.6 0.2 44.7
Cervix uteri 7.1 - 14.2 4.9 - 9.5
Corpus uteri 3.9 - 7.9 2.7 - 5.3
Ovary 4.3 - 8.6 3.1 - 6.0
Prostate 18.4 36.8 - 11.6 27.0 -
Testis 0.5 1.0 - 0.5 0.9 -
Kidney 8.2 11.4 5.0 5.6 8.2 3.2
Bladder 6.9 11.1 2.7 4.3 8.1 1.4
Brain and CNS 3.4 3.7 3.1 2.8 3.3 2.4
Thyroid 87.4 32.0 142.9 62.5 23.0 102.4
Hodgkin lymphoma 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 9.0 10.1 8.0 6.6 7.9 5.6
Multiple myeloma 2.5 2.8 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.4
Leukemia 5.6 6.3 4.9 4.9 5.9 4.1
Other and ill-defined 25.8 25.9 25.8 17.6 20.1 15.7

CNS, central nervous system.

a) Age-adjusted using the world standard population,

b) Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

Table 3.
The top 10 leading causes of death in Korea, 2012
Rank Cause of death No. of deaths Percentage of all deaths Age-standardized death rate per 100,000a)
All causes 267,221 100.0 326.6
1 Cancer 73,759 27.6 90.2
2 Heart disease 26,442 9.9 30.7
3 Cerebrovascular disease 25,744 9.6 29.0
4 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 14,160 5.3 20.4
5 Diabetes mellitus 11,557 4.3 13.2
6 Pneumonia 10,314 3.9 11.4
7 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 7,831 2.9 8.5
8 Disease of liver 6,793 2.5 8.8
9 Transport accidents 6,502 2.4 9.6
10 Hypertensive diseases 5,239 2.0 5.8
Others 78,880 29.6 99.2

Source: Mortality Data, 2012, Statistics Korea [1].

a) Age-adjusted using the world standard population.

Table 4.
Crude and age-standardized cancer mortality rates by sex in Korea, 2012
Site/Type Crude mortality rate per 100,000
Age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000a)
Both Male Female Both Male Female
All sites 146.5 184.5 108.5 90.2 135.2 57.7
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 2.1 3.2 0.9 1.3 2.3 0.5
Esophagus 2.8 5.1 0.5 1.7 3.7 0.2
Stomach 18.6 24.2 12.9 11.2 17.6 6.5
Colon and rectum 16.2 18.5 13.8 9.7 13.7 6.8
Liver 22.5 33.7 11.3 14.4 24.1 6.1
Gallbladderb) 7.3 7.2 7.4 4.3 5.3 3.6
Pancreas 9.5 10.4 8.6 5.8 7.6 4.4
Larynx 0.8 1.5 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.0
Lung 33.1 48.3 17.8 19.8 35.1 8.9
Breast 4.0 0.1 7.9 2.6 0.1 5.1
Cervix uteri 1.8 - 3.5 1.1 - 2.0
Corpus uteri 0.5 - 1.0 0.3 - 0.6
Ovary 1.8 - 3.6 1.2 - 2.2
Prostate 2.9 5.8 - 1.6 4.5 -
Testis 0.0 0.1 - 0.0 0.0 -
Kidney 1.8 2.6 1.0 1.1 1.9 0.5
Bladder 2.4 3.6 1.2 1.3 2.8 0.5
Brain and CNS 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.6
Thyroid 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.5
Hodgkin lymphoma 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3.0 3.7 2.4 1.9 2.7 1.3
Multiple myeloma 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.8
Leukemia 3.3 3.6 3.0 2.4 3.0 2.0
Other and ill-defined 7.3 7.7 6.9 4.6 5.9 3.7

CNS, central nervous system.

a) Age-adjusted using the world standard population,

b) Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

Table 5.
Trends in cancer incidence rates for both sexes from 1999 to 2012 in Korea
Site/Type Year
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 APC
All sites 210.5 205.1 216.7 220.1 227.8 235.0 247.9 252.1 263.4 275.8 286.6 292.9 302.8 299.0 3.3a)
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 3.6 4.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.9 0.4
Esophagus 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 -2.2a)
Stomach 43.6 42.3 44.0 43.6 43.3 41.2 44.4 42.9 41.8 42.6 43.4 42.5 42.7 39.9 -0.3
Colon and rectum 20.4 21.0 22.9 24.7 26.9 28.6 31.0 32.5 33.8 34.9 36.9 36.9 38.1 37.3 5.3a)
Liver 27.9 26.7 27.3 26.5 25.8 25.6 25.8 24.6 24.4 24.1 23.5 22.8 22.4 21.1 -1.9a)
Gallbladderb) 6.5 6.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.1 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.3 -0.2
Pancreas 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.7 6.7 1.5a)
Larynx 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 -3.7a)
Lung 28.5 27.7 28.3 28.5 27.9 28.8 29.0 28.7 28.4 28.2 28.3 28.6 28.6 27.4 0.0
Breast 10.7 10.8 12.7 13.9 14.2 15.0 16.3 16.9 18.1 18.9 19.6 20.6 22.3 22.6 6.0a)
Cervix uteri 8.5 7.9 8.3 7.7 7.4 6.9 6.5 6.4 5.7 5.9 5.5 5.6 5.2 4.9 -4.2a)
Corpus uteri 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 5.6a)
Ovary 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.1 1.4a)
Prostate 3.1 2.7 3.6 3.9 4.8 6.0 6.3 7.3 8.6 9.8 10.6 11.0 11.9 11.6 13.0a)
Testis 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 4.5a)
Kidney 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.8a)
Bladder 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.7 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.3 -0.4
Brain and CNS 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.8 0.4
Thyroid 6.3 6.1 7.9 9.5 12.8 17.2 20.7 25.4 32.8 41.4 48.1 53.6 59.1 62.5 22.3a)
Hodgkin lymphoma 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 5.0a)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 6.2 6.2 6.5 6.6 3.6a)
Multiple myeloma 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 3.7a)
Leukemia 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.2 4.9 0.9a)
Other and ill-defined 14.3 13.5 13.9 13.5 15.2 15.3 16.2 16.2 17.2 17.1 17.1 17.5 18.1 17.6 2.4a)

APC, annual percentage change; CNS, central nervous system. APC was calculated using age-standardized incidence data based on the world standard population.

a) Significantly different from zero (p < 0.05),

b) Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

Table 6.
Trends in cancer incidence rates in males from 1999 to 2012 in Korea
Site/Type Year
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 APC
All sites 285.0 276.7 288.3 290.0 295.1 299.6 311.5 310.3 316.9 323.9 330.6 331.3 336.1 326.4 1.5a)
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 6.1 7.1 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.1 -0.2
Esophagus 8.8 8.0 8.3 8.2 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.6 6.5 6.2 6.1 -2.6a)
Stomach 66.2 65.0 67.2 66.6 66.0 62.3 66.9 65.4 63.1 64.5 65.0 63.3 63.7 59.3 -0.5a)
Colon and rectum 26.2 27.2 29.6 32.9 35.3 38.0 41.2 43.3 45.3 47.0 49.9 50.0 51.9 50.0 5.7a)
Liver 46.8 44.7 45.1 43.9 42.3 42.2 42.6 40.3 39.8 39.5 38.2 36.8 35.9 34.3 -2.1a)
Gallbladderb) 8.1 7.8 8.2 8.1 7.8 8.4 8.7 8.1 7.9 7.6 8.1 8.2 7.6 7.6 -0.3
Pancreas 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.9 7.7 8.0 8.3 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.1 8.0 8.6 8.4 0.8a)
Larynx 4.9 4.5 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.1 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 -3.7a)
Lung 51.4 49.8 51.1 51.0 50.0 50.8 50.9 49.2 48.7 47.6 47.5 47.5 46.4 44.3 -0.9a)
Breast 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 -1.1
Prostate 8.4 7.2 9.5 10.1 12.5 15.1 15.8 18.0 20.9 23.5 25.2 26.0 27.7 27.0 11.6a)
Testis 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 4.4a)
Kidney 4.5 4.4 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.1 7.4 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.2 5.5a)
Bladder 9.0 9.0 9.4 9.0 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.2 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.1 -0.6
Brain and CNS 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.3 0.6
Thyroid 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.7 3.7 4.8 5.9 7.5 10.0 13.3 15.6 18.6 20.4 23.0 23.6a)
Hodgkin lymphoma 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.1a)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 5.8 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.2 6.7 6.5 6.9 7.0 6.8 7.5 7.4 7.7 7.9 2.7a)
Multiple myeloma 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 3.5a)
Leukemia 5.5 5.0 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.1 5.9 1.0a)
Other and ill-defined 17.9 16.5 16.8 16.5 18.5 18.3 19.3 18.9 20.3 19.8 20.0 19.8 20.8 20.1 1.7a)

APC, annual percentage change; CNS, central nervous system. APC was calculated using age-standardized incidence data based on the world standard population.

a) Significantly different from zero (p < 0.05),

b) Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

Table 7.
Trends in cancer incidence rates in females from 1999 to 2012 in Korea
Site/Type Year
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 APCa)
All sites 161.1 157.4 169.0 174.6 184.5 193.6 208.0 216.6 232.3 249.6 263.6 274.8 289.3 290.1 5.3a)
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 1.6 2.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.1
Esophagus 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 -2.2a)
Stomach 26.7 25.2 26.2 26.3 25.9 24.7 26.8 25.1 24.8 25.1 25.7 25.3 25.3 23.5 -0.5
Colon and rectum 16.4 16.4 17.9 18.8 20.5 21.5 23.0 24.1 24.6 25.2 26.3 26.1 26.7 26.8 4.3a)
Liver 12.3 11.8 12.2 11.8 11.5 11.3 11.4 11.1 11.1 10.7 10.6 10.4 10.4 9.5 -1.6a)
Gallbladderb) 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.3 -0.2
Pancreas 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.4 2.3a)
Larynx 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -7.5a)
Lung 12.4 12.5 12.3 12.6 12.4 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.0 14.2 14.2 14.7 15.3 14.9 1.7a)
Breast 20.9 20.9 24.7 27.2 27.9 29.4 32.0 33.3 35.7 37.2 38.8 40.7 44.0 44.7 6.1a)
Cervix uteri 16.3 15.1 15.8 14.8 14.2 13.1 12.4 12.2 11.1 11.5 10.7 10.9 10.2 9.5 -4.0a)
Corpus uteri 2.8 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.7 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.8a)
Ovary 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.9 5.8 6.0 1.7a)
Kidney 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.2 5.7a)
Bladder 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 -1.0
Brain and CNS 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.4 0.1
Thyroid 10.4 10.1 13.2 16.2 21.8 29.6 35.4 43.3 55.7 69.5 80.7 88.8 98.0 102.4 22.1a)
Hodgkin lymphoma 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 6.0a)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.6 4.5a)
Multiple myeloma 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.4 4.1a)
Leukemia 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.1 0.7a)
Other and ill-defined 11.8 11.5 11.8 11.5 12.8 13.1 13.9 14.1 14.8 15.0 14.9 15.7 16.0 15.7 2.9a)

APC, annual percentage change; CNS, central nervous system. APC was calculated using age-standardized incidence data based on the world standard population.

a) Significantly different from zero (p < 0.05),

b) Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

Table 8.
The five major sites of cancer incidence by age group and sex in Korea, 2012
Rank Age (yr)
0-14 15-34 35-64 ≥65
Male
 1 Leukemia Thyroid Stomach Lung
(-4.8) (-15.4) (-95.3) (-441.3)
 2 Brain and CNS Leukemia Colon and rectum Stomach
(-2.4) (-3.1) (-77.1) (-412.5)
 3 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Colon and rectum Liver Colon and rectum
(-2.3) (-3.1) (-63.3) (-354.9)
 4 Kidney Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Thyroid Prostate
(-0.5) (-2.8) (-53.1) (-293.7)
 5 Liver Stomach Lung Liver
(-0.4) (-2.4) (-42.7) (-202.8)
Female
 1 Leukemia Thyroid Thyroid Colon and rectum
(-3.4) (-69.6) (-246.2) (-184.1)
 2 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Breast Breast Stomach
(-1.8) (-10.8) (-119.3) (-155.4)
 3 Brain and CNS Cervix uteri Colon and rectum Lung
(-1.7) (-5.2) (-45.3) (-125.5)
 4 Ovarya) Stomach Stomach Thyroid
(-0.9) (-3.8) (-39.7) (-102.3)
 5 Thyroida) Ovary Lung Liver
(-0.9) (-3.0) (-21.8) (-71.8)

CNS, central nervous system.

a) The incidence rates of ovarian and thyroid cancer are the same in the 0-14 age group.

Table 9.
Trends in the 5-year relative survival rates (%) by year of diagnosis from 1993 to 2012 in Korea
Site/Type Both
Male
Female
1993-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2008-2012 Changea) 1993-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2008-2012 Changea) 1993-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2008-2012 Changea)
All sites 41.2 44.0 53.8 68.1 26.9 31.7 35.3 45.3 59.6 27.9 53.4 55.3 64.0 76.6 23.2
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 41.1 46.7 54.2 62.2 21.1 35.8 41.1 49.3 57.9 22.1 58.1 63.8 67.7 73.9 15.8
Esophagus 12.7 15.2 21.2 31.7 19.0 11.8 14.3 20.4 31.2 19.4 23.7 24.2 29.5 37.4 13.7
Stomach 42.8 46.6 57.7 71.5 28.7 43.0 46.9 58.4 72.2 29.2 42.6 46.0 56.4 70.0 27.4
Colon and rectum 54.8 58.0 66.6 74.8 20.0 55.3 59.0 68.5 76.9 21.6 54.2 56.8 64.1 71.8 17.6
Liver 10.7 13.2 20.2 30.1 19.4 9.9 12.9 20.1 30.4 20.5 13.6 14.2 20.4 29.3 15.7
Gallbladderb) 17.3 19.7 22.8 28.3 11.0 16.6 20.3 23.4 29.5 12.9 18.0 19.1 22.3 27.2 9.2
Pancreas 9.4 7.6 8.1 8.8 -0.6 8.8 7.3 8.1 8.5 -0.3 10.1 8.1 8.1 9.3 -0.8
Larynx 59.7 62.3 66.1 73.4 13.7 60.2 62.8 66.8 73.6 13.4 55.4 57.8 58.2 69.6 14.2
Lung 11.3 12.7 16.2 21.9 10.6 10.4 11.6 15.0 19.4 9.0 14.2 16.2 19.7 28.2 14.0
Breast 77.9 83.2 88.5 91.3 13.4 75.1 85.6 87.0 90.0 14.9 78.0 83.2 88.5 91.3 13.3
Cervix uteri 77.5 80.0 81.3 80.3 2.8 - - - - - 77.5 80.0 81.3 80.3 2.8
Corpus uteri 81.5 81.8 84.6 86.9 5.4 - - - - - 81.5 81.8 84.6 86.9 5.4
Ovary 58.7 58.9 61.4 61.9 3.2 - - - - - 58.7 58.9 61.4 61.9 3.2
Prostate 55.9 67.2 80.2 92.3 36.4 55.9 67.2 80.2 92.3 36.4 - - - - -
Testis 85.4 90.4 90.6 94.2 8.8 85.4 90.4 90.6 94.2 8.8 - - - - -
Kidney 62.0 66.1 73.4 79.9 17.9 60.8 64.4 72.8 79.4 18.6 64.5 69.7 74.5 81.0 16.5
Bladder 69.1 73.1 75.5 75.4 6.3 70.0 74.8 77.3 77.6 7.6 65.5 66.3 68.5 66.5 1.0
Brain and CNS 38.5 39.0 40.7 42.2 3.7 37.2 37.5 40.1 40.5 3.3 40.2 40.7 41.4 44.3 4.1
Thyroid 94.2 94.9 98.3 100.1 5.9 87.2 89.5 95.8 100.4 13.2 95.4 95.9 98.7 100.0 4.6
Hodgkin lymphoma 68.0 71.2 76.6 82.6 14.6 67.6 68.1 74.6 82.1 14.5 68.6 77.4 80.6 83.5 14.9
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 46.6 50.8 59.9 67.5 20.9 45.3 48.9 58.1 65.6 20.3 48.7 53.5 62.4 69.7 21.0
Multiple myeloma 22.1 19.8 29.3 36.4 14.3 21.1 17.8 29.6 35.8 14.7 23.3 22.1 28.9 37.1 13.8
Leukemia 26.5 33.3 41.8 48.9 22.4 26.2 32.3 41.6 48.8 22.6 26.8 34.6 42.0 49.2 22.4
Other and ill-defined 42.1 45.9 55.9 67.3 25.2 37.4 42.4 52.2 63.7 26.3 47.4 50.0 59.9 71.0 23.6

CNS, central nervous system.

a) Percentage change in 5-year relative survival from 1993 to 1995 and 2008 to 2012,

b) Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

Table 10.
Crude and age-standardized rates of cancer prevalence by sex on January 1, 2013 in Korea
Site/Type Crude prevalence rate per 100,000a)
Age-standardized prevalence rate per 100,000b)
Both Male Female Both Male Female
All sites 2,452.8 2,175.0 2,730.9 1,649.2 1,592.2 1,788.0
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 33.8 45.7 22.0 23.0 33.2 14.3
Esophagus 14.8 26.7 2.9 9.5 19.3 1.6
Stomach 411.4 546.5 276.2 265.6 391.3 162.9
Colon and rectum 344.5 410.9 278.1 221.5 296.6 161.8
Liver 102.1 152.6 51.5 68.8 109.7 32.3
GallbladderC) 29.4 29.9 28.8 18.4 21.6 16.0
Pancreas 14.0 15.1 12.8 9.2 10.9 7.7
Larynx 17.1 32.1 2.1 11.0 23.4 1.2
Lung 106.2 136.7 75.8 68.3 99.1 44.8
Breast 262.5 2.2 523.0 176.5 1.6 346.7
Cervix uteri 86.4 - 173.0 57.5 - 111.7
Corpus uteri 30.2 - 60.4 20.6 - 40.4
Ovary 28.1 - 56.3 20.3 - 40.2
Prostate 97.3 194.6 - 58.4 141.6 -
Testis 4.4 8.8 - 4.0 7.8 -
Kidney 51.7 69.7 33.6 35.4 50.5 22.1
Bladder 50.6 82.4 18.9 31.3 59.9 9.9
Brain and CNS 17.1 17.9 16.4 15.0 16.0 13.9
Thyroid 514.0 162.5 866.0 358.7 114.8 600.7
Hodgkin lymphoma 4.0 5.1 2.9 3.4 4.3 2.5
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 52.5 56.8 48.2 38.7 44.3 33.8
Multiple myeloma 7.6 8.1 7.2 5.0 5.8 4.4
Leukemia 29.6 32.6 26.5 28.4 31.8 25.1
Other and ill-defined 143.4 138.4 148.3 100.5 108.6 93.9

CNS, central nervous system.

a) Crude prevalence rate: number of prevalent cases divided by the corresponding person-years of observation; Prevalent cases were defined as patients who were diagnosed between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2012 and who were alive on January 1, 2013; Multiple primary cancer cases were counted multiple times,

b) Age-adjusted using the world standard population,

c) Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

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Figure & Data

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    • Clinical characteristics and potential aetiologies of non‐B non‐C hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus endemic area
      Seung Bum Lee, Kang Mo Kim, Jihyun An, Danbi Lee, Ju Hyun Shim, Young‐Suk Lim, Han Chu Lee, Young‐Hwa Chung, Yung Sang Lee
      Liver International.2016; 36(9): 1351.     CrossRef
    • Association of human papillomavirus type 16 and its genetic variants with cervical lesion in Korea
      Jeong Su Park, Sue Shin, Eui‐Chong Kim, Ji Eun Kim, Yong Beom Kim, Sohee Oh, Eun Youn Roh, Jong Hyun Yoon
      APMIS.2016; 124(11): 950.     CrossRef
    • Bowel Preparation Formulations and Salvage Options for Inadequate Preparation
      Jun Lee
      The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 68(2): 61.     CrossRef
    • Gallstones and the Risk of Gallbladder Cancer Mortality: A Cohort Study
      Seungho Ryu, Yoosoo Chang, Kyung Eun Yun, Hyun-Suk Jung, Jun Ho Shin, Hocheol Shin
      American Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 111(10): 1476.     CrossRef
    • Symptom Severity according to the Presence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
      Hyun-Joo Kim, Ok-Hee Cho, Yang-Sook Yoo
      Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2016; 28(2): 148.     CrossRef
    • Quantification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation may be a predictor of EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment response
      Ha Young Park, Hyung Joo Oh, Ki‐Hyun Kim, Tae‐Ok Kim, Cheol‐Kyu Park, Hong‐Jun Shin, Jung‐Hwan Lim, Yong‐Soo Kwon, In‐Jae Oh, Yu‐Il Kim, Sung‐Chul Lim, Young‐Chul Kim, Yoo‐Duk Choi
      Thoracic Cancer.2016; 7(6): 639.     CrossRef
    • A pilot study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with locally advanced biliary tract cancer
      Kyong Joo Lee, Seung Woo Yi, Jihye Cha, Jinsil Seong, Seungmin Bang, Si Young Song, Hee Man Kim, Seung Woo Park
      Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2016; 78(4): 841.     CrossRef
    • Recent advances in multiple myeloma: a Korean perspective
      Junshik Hong, Jae Hoon Lee
      The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2016; 31(5): 820.     CrossRef
    • The Fruit Hull of Gleditsia sinensis Enhances the Anti‐Tumor Effect of cis‐Diammine Dichloridoplatinum II (Cisplatin)
      Kyun Ha Kim, Chang-Woo Han, Seong Hoon Yoon, Yun Seong Kim, Jong-In Kim, Myungsoo Joo, Jun-Yong Choi, Siyaram Pandey
      Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Surgical and obstetrical outcomes after laparoscopic radical trachelectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for early cervical cancer
      So-Eun Yoo, Kyeong A So, Seon-Ah Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Yoo Kyung Lee, In-Ho Lee, Tae-Jin Kim, Ki Heon Lee
      Obstetrics & Gynecology Science.2016; 59(5): 373.     CrossRef
    • Detecting Asymptomatic Recurrence in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer
      Jung-Yun Lee, Ji Hee Kim, Jung Won Seo, Hee Seung Kim, Jae-Weon Kim, Noh Hyun Park, Yong-Sang Song
      International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2016; 26(8): 1434.     CrossRef
    • Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer—a real-world outcome study
      Younak Choi, Jee Hyun Kim, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Heung-Kwon Oh, Duck-Woo Kim, Sung-Bum Kang, Changhoon Song, Jae-Sung Kim
      Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2016; 46(12): 1108.     CrossRef
    • The number of retrieved lymph nodes needed for accurate staging differs based on the presence of preoperative chemoradiation for rectal cancer
      Jeonghee Han, Gyoung Tae Noh, Shen Ann Yeo, Chinock Cheong, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Byung Soh Min, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim
      Medicine.2016; 95(38): e4891.     CrossRef
    • Cancer-specific incidence rates of tuberculosis
      Gi Hyeon Seo, Min Jae Kim, Soyoung Seo, Boram Hwang, Eugene Lee, Yujin Yun, Minsun Choi, Moonsuk Kim, Jin Won Kim, Eu Suk Kim, Hong Bin Kim, Kyoung-Ho Song
      Medicine.2016; 95(38): e4919.     CrossRef
    • Dietary Patterns for Women With Triple-negative Breast Cancer and Dense Breasts
      Yukyung Go, Minsung Chung, Yongsoon Park
      Nutrition and Cancer.2016; 68(8): 1281.     CrossRef
    • Cause of Death in Korean Men with Prostate Cancer: an Analysis of Time Trends in a Nationwide Cohort
      Jinsung Park, Beomseok Suh, Dong Wook Shin, Jun Hyuk Hong, Hanjong Ahn
      Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(11): 1802.     CrossRef
    • Preoperative Body Mass Index May Determine the Prognosis of Advanced Gastric Cancer
      Dong Hwan Jun, Beom Jin Kim, Ji Hoon Park, Jae G. Kim, Kyong-Choun Chi, Joong-Min Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Hyun Kang
      Nutrition and Cancer.2016; 68(8): 1295.     CrossRef
    • Effect of Previous Gastrectomy on the Performance of Postoperative Colonoscopy
      Sunghwan Kim, Jeongmin Choi, Tae Han Kim, Seong-Ho Kong, Yun-Suhk Suh, Jong Pil Im, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Sang Gyun Kim, Seung-Yong Jeong, Joo Sung Kim, Han-Kwang Yang
      Journal of Gastric Cancer.2016; 16(3): 167.     CrossRef
    • Prognostic Factors for Node-Negative Advanced Gastric Cancer after Curative Gastrectomy
      Eun Woo Lee, Woo Yong Lee, Ho-Seok Koo
      Journal of Gastric Cancer.2016; 16(3): 161.     CrossRef
    • Is There a Role for Adjuvant Therapy in R0 Resected Gallbladder Cancer?: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
      Se-Il Go, Young Saing Kim, In Gyu Hwang, Eun Young Kim, Sung Yong Oh, Jun Ho Ji, Haa-Na Song, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Jung Hun Kang
      Cancer Research and Treatment.2016; 48(4): 1274.     CrossRef
    • Moderating Effects of Optimism and Family Support on the Depression of Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients
      Kyoungwon Choi, Dae Ro Choi, Dae Young Zang, Young Suk Park, Seok Yun Kang, Hyunsook Yoon, Yeon Ok Lim, Yojin Kim, Ilsung Nam, Hyen Joo Lee
      Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2016; 16(3): 192.     CrossRef
    • Effects of a Navigation Program for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Gastric Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
      Yeon Seo Hong, Jeong Yun Park, So Hee Kim, Sun A Kim, Yeon Hee Kim
      Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(3): 132.     CrossRef
    • Analysis of NF-κ B and Clinical Prognostic Factors in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
      Young Lee, Jeonghyouk Choi, Dong-Gi Lee, Koo Han Yoo, Gyeong Eun Min, Hyung-Lae Lee, Kyu Yeoun Won, Sung-Jig Lim
      The Korean Journal of Urological Oncology.2016; 14(2): 63.     CrossRef
    • A geographical study of thyroid cancer incidence in north-west England following the Windscale nuclear reactor fire of 1957
      Richard J Q McNally, Richard Wakeford, Peter W James, Nermine O Basta, Robert D Alston, Mark S Pearce, Alex T Elliott
      Journal of Radiological Protection.2016; 36(4): 934.     CrossRef
    • Targeting the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase Pathway in Gastric Cancer: Can Omics Improve Outcomes?
      Phu Tran, Cham Nguyen, Samuel J. Klempner
      International Neurourology Journal.2016; 20(Suppl 2): S131.     CrossRef
    • A Comparison of Open, Laparoscopic, and Robotic Surgery in the Treatment of Right-sided Colon Cancer
      Jeonghyun Kang, Yoon Ah Park, Seung Hyuk Baik, Seung-Kook Sohn, Kang Young Lee
      Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2016; 26(6): 497.     CrossRef
    • Dietary protein and fat intake in relation to risk of colorectal adenoma in Korean
      Sun Young Yang, Young Sun Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Jueun Seol, Ji Hyun Song, Goh Eun Chung, Jeong Yoon Yim, Sun Hee Lim, Joo Sung Kim
      Medicine.2016; 95(49): e5453.     CrossRef
    • Unkindness Experience of Health Care Provider in Patients with Breast Cancer
      Sue-Kyung Sohn, Ick-Jee Kim, Mi-SunKim Kim, Kyeong-Hee Shin, Min-Suk Lee, Eun-Mee Lee
      Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2016; 22(1): 51.     CrossRef
    • Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection among HIV-Infected Men in Korea
      Chang Hun Lee, Sun Hee Lee, Shinwon Lee, Heerim Cho, Kye-Hyung Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Eun ju Jung, Su jin Lee, Eun Jung Kim, Ki Hyung Kim, Eunsoo Moon, Hong Je Cho, Maria Lina Tornesello
      PLOS ONE.2016; 11(8): e0161460.     CrossRef
    • Timing of Surgical Management of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Diagnosed during Pregnancy
      Yoonseok Kim, Changhoon Lee, Eunae Jae, Youngjin Lee, Jueun Jung, Susun Kim, Mihyang Kim, Eunsuk Lee, Chunsuk Park, Jaemook Park, Hyunwoo Jung, Musil Park, Jaejun Lee, Junmo Ahn, Soo Lee
      International Journal of Thyroidology.2016; 9(2): 168.     CrossRef
    • Postoperative radiotherapy appeared to improve the disease free survival rate of patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer at high risk of loco-regional recurrence
      Mi Young Kim, Jin Hee Kim, Yonghoon Kim, Sang Jun Byun
      Radiation Oncology Journal.2016; 34(4): 297.     CrossRef
    • Health Behaviors and Associated Sociodemographic Factors in Cervical Cancer Survivors Compared with Matched Non-Cancer Controls
      Boyoung Park, Se Ik Kim, Sang-Soo Seo, Sokbom Kang, Sang-Yoon Park, Myong Cheol Lim, Michael Scheurer
      PLOS ONE.2016; 11(8): e0160682.     CrossRef
    • Weight Change and Associated Factors in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors
      Hye-Yeon Koo, Young-Gyun Seo, Mi-Hee Cho, Min-Jung Kim, Ho-Chun Choi, William B. Coleman
      PLOS ONE.2016; 11(7): e0159098.     CrossRef
    • Treatment outcomes after adjuvant radiotherapy following surgery for patients with stage I endometrial cancer
      Jiyoung Kim, Kyung-Ja Lee, Kyung-Ran Park, Boram Ha, Yi-Jun Kim, Wonguen Jung, Rena Lee, Seung Cheol Kim, Hye Sung Moon, Woong Ju, Yun Hwan Kim, Jihae Lee
      Radiation Oncology Journal.2016; 34(4): 265.     CrossRef
    • A Lymph Node Staging System for Gastric Cancer: A Hybrid Type Based on Topographic and Numeric Systems
      Yoon Young Choi, Ji Yeong An, Hitoshi Katai, Yasuyuki Seto, Takeo Fukagawa, Yasuhiro Okumura, Dong Wook Kim, Hyoung-Il Kim, Jae-Ho Cheong, Woo Jin Hyung, Sung Hoon Noh, Anthony W.I. Lo
      PLOS ONE.2016; 11(3): e0149555.     CrossRef
    • Physical, Psychological and Social Symptoms, Activity and Education of Children and Adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Receiving Maintenance Chemotherapy
      Hee Sung Yoon, Kwang Sung Kim, Sun Hee Choi, So Eun Choi, Kyoung A Kim, Kyoung Eon Kim
      Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(4): 169.     CrossRef
    • Acute High-Dose and Chronic Lifetime Exposure to Alcohol Consumption and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: T-CALOS Korea
      Yunji Hwang, Kyu Eun Lee, Elisabete Weiderpass, Young Joo Park, Young Jun Chai, Hyungju Kwon, Do Joon Park, BeLong Cho, Ho-Chun Choi, Daehee Kang, Sue K. Park, Li Wang
      PLOS ONE.2016; 11(3): e0151562.     CrossRef
    • Pilot Study of a Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Targeted Anticancer Therapy in Refractory Solid Tumors at a Korean Institution
      Hyung Soon Park, Sun Min Lim, Sora Kim, Sangwoo Kim, Hye Ryun Kim, KyuBum Kwack, Min Goo Lee, Joo-Hang Kim, Yong Wha Moon, Masaru Katoh
      PLOS ONE.2016; 11(4): e0154133.     CrossRef
    • Oral Bisphosphonates and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Risks in Asians with Osteoporosis: A Nested Case-Control Study Using National Retrospective Cohort Sample Data from Korea
      Sun-Young Jung, Hyun Soon Sohn, Eun-Ja Park, Hae Sun Suh, Ji-Won Park, Jin-Won Kwon, Chi-Ling Chen
      PLOS ONE.2016; 11(3): e0150531.     CrossRef
    • The Delayed Risk Stratification System in the Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Recurrence
      Aldona Kowalska, Agnieszka Walczyk, Iwona Pałyga, Danuta Gąsior-Perczak, Klaudia Gadawska-Juszczyk, Monika Szymonek, Tomasz Trybek, Katarzyna Lizis-Kolus, Dorota Szyska-Skrobot, Estera Mikina, Stefan Hurej, Janusz Słuszniak, Ryszard Mężyk, Stanisław Góźdź
      PLOS ONE.2016; 11(4): e0153242.     CrossRef
    • UEG Week 2016 Poster Presentations

      United European Gastroenterology Journal.2016; 4(5_suppl): A157.     CrossRef
    • A Comparison of Spatial Pattern Detection Methods for Major Cancer Mortality in Korea
      Jiyu Kim, Myeonggyun Lee, Inkyung Jung
      Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2016; 28(6): 539.     CrossRef
    • Survival Analysis of Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated by Using Wheel Balance Cancer Therapy
      Jongmin Kim, Chong-Kwan Cho, Hwa-Seung Yoo
      Integrative Cancer Therapies.2016; 15(4): 467.     CrossRef
    • Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.) in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells
      HAE NIM LEE, HYE YEON JANG, HYEONG JIN KIM, SEONG AH SHIN, GANG SIK CHOO, YOUNG SEOK PARK, SANG KI KIM, JI YOUN JUNG
      International Journal of Molecular Medicine.2016; 37(4): 939.     CrossRef
    • Preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by transanal local excision for T3 distal rectal cancer: A case report
      SEUNG-GU YEO
      Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2016; 11(4): 1465.     CrossRef
    • Long non-coding RNA ATB promotes growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and predicts poor prognosis in human prostate carcinoma
      SONG XU, XIAO-MING YI, CHAO-PENG TANG, JING-PING GE, ZHENG-YU ZHANG, WEN-QUAN ZHOU
      Oncology Reports.2016; 36(1): 10.     CrossRef
    • Characteristics of and risk factors for colorectal neoplasms in young adults in a screening population
      Seung Eun Lee, Hee Bum Jo, Won Gun Kwack, Yun Jin Jeong, Yeo-Jin Yoon, Hyoun Woo Kang
      World Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 22(10): 2981.     CrossRef
    • Differential diagnosis of breast masses in South Korean premenopausal women using diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging
      Anaïs Leproux, You Me Kim, Jun Won Min, Christine E. McLaren, Wen-Pin Chen, Thomas D. O’Sullivan, Seung-ha Lee, Phil-Sang Chung, Bruce J. Tromberg
      Journal of Biomedical Optics.2016; 21(7): 074001.     CrossRef
    • Celecoxib and sulindac inhibit TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppress lung cancer migration and invasion via downregulation of sirtuin 1
      Byong-Ki Cha, Young-Suk Kim, Ki-Eun Hwang, Kyung-Hwa Cho, Seon-Hee Oh, Byoung-Ryun Kim, Hong-Young Jun, Kwon-Ha Yoon, Eun-Taik Jeong, Hak-Ryul Kim
      Oncotarget.2016; 7(35): 57213.     CrossRef
    • Relationship between insulin-like growth factor axis gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with FOLFOX
      Sung Yong Oh, Aesun Shin, Seong-Geun Kim, Jung-Ah Hwang, Seung Hyun Hong, Yeon-Su Lee, Hyuk-Chan Kwon
      Oncotarget.2016; 7(21): 31204.     CrossRef
    • Strategies to improve treatment outcome in gastric cancer: A retrospective analysis of patients from two high-volume hospitals in Korea and China
      Kun Yang, Yoon Young Choi, Wei-Han Zhang, Xin-Zu Chen, Mi Kyung Song, Jinae Lee, Bo Zhang, Zhi-Xin Chen, Hyoung-Il Kim, Jia-Ping Chen, Jae-Ho Cheong, Zong-Guang Zhou, Woo Jin Hyung, Jian-Kun Hu, Sung Hoon Noh
      Oncotarget.2016; 7(28): 44660.     CrossRef
    • Downregulation of osteoprotegerin expression in metastatic colorectal carcinoma predicts recurrent metastasis and poor prognosis
      Ahrim Moon, Sung-Im Do, Hyun-Soo Kim, Youn-Wha Kim
      Oncotarget.2016; 7(48): 79319.     CrossRef
    • The Korean guideline for colorectal cancer screening
      Dae Kyung Sohn, Min Ju Kim, Younhee Park, Mina Suh, Aesun Shin, Hee Young Lee, Jong Pil Im, Hyoen-Min Cho, Sung Pil Hong, Baek-hui Kim, Yongsoo Kim, Jeong Wook Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Chung Mo Nam, Dong Il Park, Jun Won Um, Soon Nam Oh, Hwan Sub Lim, Hee Jin C
      Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2015; 58(5): 420.     CrossRef
    • The different role of intratumoral and peritumoral lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer progression and prognosis
      Kyung Ho Pak, Ara Jo, Hye Ji Choi, Younghee Choi, Hyunki Kim, Jae-Ho Cheong
      BMC Cancer.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Total and Dietary Calcium Intake and Colorectal Adenoma in Korean Adults
      Ju Eun Seol, Chang Ho Cho, Sung Hi Kim, Jung Eun Lee
      Journal of Cancer Prevention.2015; 20(2): 153.     CrossRef
    • Association of Dietary Vitamin D and Calcium With Genetic Polymorphisms in Colorectal Neoplasia
      Yoon Park, Jeongseon Kim
      Journal of Cancer Prevention.2015; 20(2): 97.     CrossRef
    • The role of surgery in stage IV gastric cancer
      Dong-Seok Han
      Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2015; 11(1): 1.     CrossRef
    • Epidemiology of prostate cancer in South Korea
      Hyun Ho Han, Jae Won Park, Joon Chae Na, Byung Ha Chung, Choung-Soo Kim, Woo Jin Ko
      Prostate International.2015; 3(3): 99.     CrossRef
    • Comparison of Quality of Life and Nutritional Status in Gastric Cancer Patients Undergoing Gastrectomies
      Hee-Sook Lim, Gyu-Seok Cho, Yoon-Hyung Park, Soon-Kyung Kim
      Clinical Nutrition Research.2015; 4(3): 153.     CrossRef
    • Evolution of Gastric Cancer Treatment: From the Golden Age of Surgery to an Era of Precision Medicine
      Yoon Young Choi, Sung Hoon Noh, Jae-Ho Cheong
      Yonsei Medical Journal.2015; 56(5): 1177.     CrossRef
    • Identification of occult tumors by whole-specimen mapping in solitary papillary thyroid carcinoma
      Seog Yun Park, Yuh-S Jung, Chang Hwan Ryu, Chang Yoon Lee, You Jin Lee, Eun Kyung Lee, Seok-Ki Kim, Tae Sung Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Jeyun Jang, Daeyoon Park, Seung Myung Dong, Jae-Goo Kang, Jin Soo Lee, Junsun Ryu
      Endocrine-Related Cancer.2015; 22(4): 679.     CrossRef
    • <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> Infection and Related Gastrointestinal Diseases
      Chang Seok Bang, Gwang Ho Baik
      The Korean Journal of Medicine.2015; 89(2): 142.     CrossRef
    • Comparison of two different S-1 plus cisplatin dosing schedules as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic and/or recurrent gastric cancer: a multicenter, randomized phase III trial (SOS)
      M.-H. Ryu, E. Baba, K.H. Lee, Y.I. Park, N. Boku, I. Hyodo, B.-H. Nam, T. Esaki, C. Yoo, B.-Y. Ryoo, E.-K. Song, S.-H. Cho, W.K. Kang, S.H. Yang, D.Y. Zang, D.B. Shin, S.R. Park, K. Shinozaki, T. Takano, Y.-K. Kang
      Annals of Oncology.2015; 26(10): 2097.     CrossRef
    • Has the National Cancer Screening Program reduced income inequalities in screening attendance in South Korea?
      Sujin Kim, Soonman Kwon, S. V. Subramanian
      Cancer Causes & Control.2015; 26(11): 1617.     CrossRef
    • Lung Cancer Screening: Update
      Hyae Young Kim
      Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2015; 73(3): 137.     CrossRef
    • Laparoscopic Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery for Gastric Cancer
      Keun Won Ryu
      The Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery.2015; 18(3): 63.     CrossRef
    • It needs adaptation to the 2015 Korean guideline for breast cancer screening
      Jong-Myon Bae
      Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2015; 58(9): 833.     CrossRef
    • Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer in Korean Women: A Quantitative Systematic Review
      Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
      Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2015; 48(5): 225.     CrossRef
    • Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy in Elderly Patients (≥70 Years) with Gastric Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study
      Hong Sung Jung, Young Kyu Park, Seong Yeob Ryu, Oh Jeong
      Journal of Gastric Cancer.2015; 15(3): 176.     CrossRef
    • Anti-Cancer Effects of Oldenlandia diffusa extract on WiDr human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells
      Soojin Lee, Huijin Gim, Ji Hwan Shim, Hyun Soo Park, Byung Joo Kim
      Herbal Formula Science.2015; 23(1): 101.     CrossRef
    • Motivos de consulta al servicio de urgencias de los pacientes adultos con enfermedades hemato-oncológicas en un hospital de cuarto nivel de atención
      Rocio Mariño, Sergio Cervera, Lizet Moreno, Oswaldo Sánchez
      Revista Colombiana de Cancerología.2015; 19(4): 204.     CrossRef
    • Educational Needs for Sexual Health and Its Effect on Depression and the Quality of Life in Patients with Prostate Cancer
      Soonyoung Oh, Eunjung Ryu
      Asian Oncology Nursing.2015; 15(3): 163.     CrossRef
    • Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Intention among Male and Female College Students
      Seung Yeun Lee, Mi Ah Han, Jong Park, So Yeon Ryu
      Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2015; 15(3): 141.     CrossRef
    • Prostate-specific antigen kinetics after stereotactic body radiotherapy as monotherapy or boost after whole pelvic radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
      Hun Jung Kim, Jung Hoon Phak, Woo Chul Kim
      Prostate International.2015; 3(4): 118.     CrossRef
    • The Impact of Low Adherence to the Low-iodine Diet on the Efficacy of the Radioactive Iodine Ablation Therapy
      Dal Lae Ju, Young Joo Park, Hee-Young Paik, YoonJu Song
      Clinical Nutrition Research.2015; 4(4): 267.     CrossRef
    • Hyperuricemia as a Novel Risk Factor for Colorectal Adenomatous Polyp
      Jung Won Lee, Jong Pil Im
      The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 66(4): 183.     CrossRef
    • Trends in Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Daejeon and Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea (2000-2012)
      Soon-Young Kim, In-Sun Kweon, Jung-A Kim, Tae-Yong Lee, Hae-Sung Nam
      Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2015; 40(3): 115.     CrossRef
    • Time to learn from the past and prepare for the future in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication
      Chang Seok Bang, Gwang Ho Baik
      The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2015; 30(6): 789.     CrossRef
    • Effects of a Patient Educational Video Program on Bowel Preparation Prior to Colonoscopy
      You Young Cho, Hyeon Ok Kim
      Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(5): 704.     CrossRef
    • Analysis of Mutations in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene in Korean Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Summary of a Nationwide Survey
      Sang Hwa Lee, Wan Seop Kim, Yoo Duk Choi, Jeong Wook Seo, Joung Ho Han, Mi Jin Kim, Lucia Kim, Geon Kook Lee, Chang Hun Lee, Mee Hye Oh, Gou Young Kim, Sun Hee Sung, Kyo Young Lee, Sun Hee Chang, Mee Sook Rho, Han Kyeom Kim, Soon Hee Jung, Se Jin Jang
      Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2015; 49(6): 481.     CrossRef
    • Modifiable risk factors of lung cancer in “never-smoker” women
      Jong-Myon Bae
      Epidemiology and Health.2015; 37: e2015047.     CrossRef
    • Hormonal Replacement Therapy and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Women: An Adaptive Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies
      Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
      Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2015; 48(6): 280.     CrossRef
    • Thyroid Cancer: We Need a Carcinogen-specific Genome Study
      Jong-Myon Bae
      Journal of Korean Medical Science.2015; 30(12): 1920.     CrossRef
    • Family Caregivers’ Quality of Life, Depression and Anxiety according to Symptom Control in Hospice Patients
      Yun Hee Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Ho Seop Lim, Young Jin Choi, Yun Jin Kim, Sang Yeoup Lee, Jeong Gyu Lee, Dong Wook Jeong, Kyoung Hwa Yu
      The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2015; 18(4): 314.     CrossRef
    • A Case of the Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient Who Showed Symptoms Improvement
      So-Ra Park, Soo-Min Lee, Soo-Kyung Lee
      Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine.2015; 27(3): 326.     CrossRef
    • Multiple cores of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and any core of atypia on first biopsy are significant predictor for cancer detection at a repeat biopsy
      Tae Sun Kim, Kwang Jin Ko, Seung Jea Shin, Hyun Soo Ryoo, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Deok Hyun Han, Byong Chang Jeong, Seong Il Seo, Seong Soo Jeon, Kyu Sung Lee, Sung Won Lee, Hyun Moo Lee, Han Yong Choi, Hwang Gyun Jeon
      Korean Journal of Urology.2015; 56(12): 796.     CrossRef
    • An Iodine Database for Common Korean Foods and the Association between Iodine Intake and Thyroid Disease in Korean Adults
      Mi-Rhan Han, Dal Lae Ju, Young Joo Park, Hee-Young Paik, YoonJu Song
      International Journal of Thyroidology.2015; 8(2): 170.     CrossRef
    • Cohort Profile: Community-based prospective cohort from the National Cancer Center, Korea
      Jin-Kyoung Oh, Min Kyung Lim, E Hwa Yun, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong, Soung-Hoon Chang, Sue Kyung Park, Sung-Il Cho, Dong-Hyun Kim, Keun-Young Yoo, Hai-Rim Shin
      International Journal of Epidemiology.2015; : dyv302.     CrossRef
    • Comparative evaluation of the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of smoke condensate derived from Korean cigarettes
      Ha Ryong Kim, Jeong Eun Lee, Mi Ho Jeong, Seong Jin Choi, Kyuhong Lee, Kyu Hyuck Chung
      Environmental Health and Toxicology.2015; 30: e2015014.     CrossRef
    • Adherence to Guidelines for Cancer Survivors and Health-Related Quality of Life among Korean Breast Cancer Survivors
      Sihan Song, Eunkyung Hwang, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Dong-Young Noh, Jung Lee
      Nutrients.2015; 7(12): 10307.     CrossRef
    • Microflora of upper gastrointestinal tract in gastric cancer patients
      Dongwoo Kang, Jong Won Kim, Seung Ho Choi
      Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2015; 11(2): 87.     CrossRef
    • Minimally invasive surgery in gastric cancer
      Do Joong Park, Sang Hoon Ahn, Hyung-Ho Kim
      Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2015; 11(2): 37.     CrossRef
    • Second-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
      Hyun Jung Kim, Jina Yun, Han Jo Kim, Kyoung Ha Kim, Se Hyung Kim, Sang-Cheol Lee, Sang Byung Bae, Chan Kyu Kim, Nam Su Lee, Kyu Taek Lee, Seong Kyu Park, Jong-Ho Won, Hyun Jong Choi, Jong Ho Moon, Dae Sik Hong
      Soonchunhyang Medical Science.2015; 21(2): 75.     CrossRef
    • Age Over 80 is a Possible Risk Factor for Postoperative Morbidity After a Laparoscopic Resection of Colorectal Cancer
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      Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2012
      Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(2):127-141.   Published online March 3, 2015
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    Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2012
    Image Image Image Image Image Image
    Fig. 1. Annual age-standardized cancer incidence and death rates by sex for all sites from 1983 to 2012 in Korea. Age standardization was based on the world standard population.
    Fig. 2. Trends in age-standardized incidences of selected cancers by sex from 1999 to 2012 in Korea. Age standardization was based on the world standard population. (A) Male. (B) Female.
    Fig. 3. Age-specific incidence rates of major cancers for 2012 in Korea. (A) Male. (B) Female.
    Fig. 4. Annual age-standardized cancer mortalities of selected cancers by sex from 1983 to 2012 in Korea. Age standardization was based on the world standard population. (A) Male. (B) Female.
    Fig. 5. Trends in relative survival by year of diagnosis from 1999 to 2012. (A) All sites for both sexes. (B) All sites except thyroid cancer for both sexes.
    Fig. 6. Prevalence of major cancer sites by time since diagnosis on January 1, 2013 in Korea.
    Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2012
    Site/Type New cases
    Deaths
    Prevalent casesa)
    Both Male Female Both Male Female Both Male Female
    All sites 224,177 112,385 111,792 73,759 46,462 27,297 1,234,879 547,837 687,042
    Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 2,913 2,135 778 1,036 809 227 17,024 11,501 5,523
    Esophagus 2,332 2,116 216 1,398 1,278 120 7,444 6,714 730
    Stomach 30,847 20,839 10,008 9,342 6,090 3,252 207,145 137,655 69,490
    Colon and rectum 28,988 17,445 11,543 8,135 4,666 3,469 173,459 103,488 69,971
    Liver 16,254 12,152 4,102 11,335 8,494 2,841 51,402 38,434 12,968
    Gallbladderb) 5,131 2,600 2,531 3,688 1,818 1,870 14,778 7,532 7,246
    Pancreas 5,403 2,940 2,463 4,778 2,616 2,162 7,032 3,803 3,229
    Larynx 1,099 1,036 63 412 389 23 8,600 8,076 524
    Lung 22,118 15,367 6,751 16,654 12,175 4,479 53,480 34,422 19,058
    Breast 16,589 68 16,521 2,013 20 1,993 132,139 558 131,581
    Cervix uteri 3,584 - 3,584 889 - 889 43,523 - 43,523
    Corpus uteri 1,979 - 1,979 244 - 244 15,191 - 15,191
    Ovary 2,167 - 2,167 910 - 910 14,171 - 14,171
    Prostate 9,258 9,258 - 1,460 1,460 - 49,007 49,007 -
    Testis 243 243 - 13 13 - 2,210 2,210 -
    Kidney 4,152 2,882 1,270 917 663 254 26,015 17,551 8,464
    Bladder 3,485 2,798 687 1,221 918 303 25,497 20,754 4,743
    Brain and CNS 1,703 933 770 1,186 619 567 8,626 4,508 4,118
    Thyroid 44,007 8,052 35,955 373 127 246 258,795 40,921 217,874
    Hodgkin lymphoma 264 177 87 64 44 20 2,006 1,281 725
    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 4,553 2,542 2,011 1,523 920 603 26,426 14,299 12,127
    Multiple myeloma 1,272 696 576 823 472 351 3,842 2,042 1,800
    Leukemia 2,826 1,595 1,231 1,666 919 747 14,890 8,216 6,674
    Other and ill-defined 13,010 6,511 6,499 3,679 1,952 1,727 72,177 34,865 37,312
    Site/Type Crude incidence rate per 100,000
    Age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000a)
    Both Male Female Both Male Female
    All sites 445.3 446.2 444.4 299.0 326.4 290.1
    Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 5.8 8.5 3.1 3.9 6.1 2.0
    Esophagus 4.6 8.4 0.9 3.0 6.1 0.5
    Stomach 61.3 82.7 39.8 39.9 59.3 23.5
    Colon and rectum 57.6 69.3 45.9 37.3 50.0 26.8
    Liver 32.3 48.2 16.3 21.1 34.3 9.5
    Gallbladderb) 10.2 10.3 10.1 6.3 7.6 5.3
    Pancreas 10.7 11.7 9.8 6.7 8.4 5.4
    Larynx 2.2 4.1 0.3 1.4 3.0 0.1
    Lung 43.9 61.0 26.8 27.4 44.3 14.9
    Breast 33.0 0.3 65.7 22.6 0.2 44.7
    Cervix uteri 7.1 - 14.2 4.9 - 9.5
    Corpus uteri 3.9 - 7.9 2.7 - 5.3
    Ovary 4.3 - 8.6 3.1 - 6.0
    Prostate 18.4 36.8 - 11.6 27.0 -
    Testis 0.5 1.0 - 0.5 0.9 -
    Kidney 8.2 11.4 5.0 5.6 8.2 3.2
    Bladder 6.9 11.1 2.7 4.3 8.1 1.4
    Brain and CNS 3.4 3.7 3.1 2.8 3.3 2.4
    Thyroid 87.4 32.0 142.9 62.5 23.0 102.4
    Hodgkin lymphoma 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3
    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 9.0 10.1 8.0 6.6 7.9 5.6
    Multiple myeloma 2.5 2.8 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.4
    Leukemia 5.6 6.3 4.9 4.9 5.9 4.1
    Other and ill-defined 25.8 25.9 25.8 17.6 20.1 15.7
    Rank Cause of death No. of deaths Percentage of all deaths Age-standardized death rate per 100,000a)
    All causes 267,221 100.0 326.6
    1 Cancer 73,759 27.6 90.2
    2 Heart disease 26,442 9.9 30.7
    3 Cerebrovascular disease 25,744 9.6 29.0
    4 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 14,160 5.3 20.4
    5 Diabetes mellitus 11,557 4.3 13.2
    6 Pneumonia 10,314 3.9 11.4
    7 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 7,831 2.9 8.5
    8 Disease of liver 6,793 2.5 8.8
    9 Transport accidents 6,502 2.4 9.6
    10 Hypertensive diseases 5,239 2.0 5.8
    Others 78,880 29.6 99.2
    Site/Type Crude mortality rate per 100,000
    Age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000a)
    Both Male Female Both Male Female
    All sites 146.5 184.5 108.5 90.2 135.2 57.7
    Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 2.1 3.2 0.9 1.3 2.3 0.5
    Esophagus 2.8 5.1 0.5 1.7 3.7 0.2
    Stomach 18.6 24.2 12.9 11.2 17.6 6.5
    Colon and rectum 16.2 18.5 13.8 9.7 13.7 6.8
    Liver 22.5 33.7 11.3 14.4 24.1 6.1
    Gallbladderb) 7.3 7.2 7.4 4.3 5.3 3.6
    Pancreas 9.5 10.4 8.6 5.8 7.6 4.4
    Larynx 0.8 1.5 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.0
    Lung 33.1 48.3 17.8 19.8 35.1 8.9
    Breast 4.0 0.1 7.9 2.6 0.1 5.1
    Cervix uteri 1.8 - 3.5 1.1 - 2.0
    Corpus uteri 0.5 - 1.0 0.3 - 0.6
    Ovary 1.8 - 3.6 1.2 - 2.2
    Prostate 2.9 5.8 - 1.6 4.5 -
    Testis 0.0 0.1 - 0.0 0.0 -
    Kidney 1.8 2.6 1.0 1.1 1.9 0.5
    Bladder 2.4 3.6 1.2 1.3 2.8 0.5
    Brain and CNS 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.6
    Thyroid 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.5
    Hodgkin lymphoma 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3.0 3.7 2.4 1.9 2.7 1.3
    Multiple myeloma 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.8
    Leukemia 3.3 3.6 3.0 2.4 3.0 2.0
    Other and ill-defined 7.3 7.7 6.9 4.6 5.9 3.7
    Site/Type Year
    1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 APC
    All sites 210.5 205.1 216.7 220.1 227.8 235.0 247.9 252.1 263.4 275.8 286.6 292.9 302.8 299.0 3.3a)
    Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 3.6 4.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.9 0.4
    Esophagus 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 -2.2a)
    Stomach 43.6 42.3 44.0 43.6 43.3 41.2 44.4 42.9 41.8 42.6 43.4 42.5 42.7 39.9 -0.3
    Colon and rectum 20.4 21.0 22.9 24.7 26.9 28.6 31.0 32.5 33.8 34.9 36.9 36.9 38.1 37.3 5.3a)
    Liver 27.9 26.7 27.3 26.5 25.8 25.6 25.8 24.6 24.4 24.1 23.5 22.8 22.4 21.1 -1.9a)
    Gallbladderb) 6.5 6.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.1 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.3 -0.2
    Pancreas 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.7 6.7 1.5a)
    Larynx 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 -3.7a)
    Lung 28.5 27.7 28.3 28.5 27.9 28.8 29.0 28.7 28.4 28.2 28.3 28.6 28.6 27.4 0.0
    Breast 10.7 10.8 12.7 13.9 14.2 15.0 16.3 16.9 18.1 18.9 19.6 20.6 22.3 22.6 6.0a)
    Cervix uteri 8.5 7.9 8.3 7.7 7.4 6.9 6.5 6.4 5.7 5.9 5.5 5.6 5.2 4.9 -4.2a)
    Corpus uteri 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 5.6a)
    Ovary 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.1 1.4a)
    Prostate 3.1 2.7 3.6 3.9 4.8 6.0 6.3 7.3 8.6 9.8 10.6 11.0 11.9 11.6 13.0a)
    Testis 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 4.5a)
    Kidney 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.8a)
    Bladder 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.7 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.3 -0.4
    Brain and CNS 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.8 0.4
    Thyroid 6.3 6.1 7.9 9.5 12.8 17.2 20.7 25.4 32.8 41.4 48.1 53.6 59.1 62.5 22.3a)
    Hodgkin lymphoma 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 5.0a)
    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 6.2 6.2 6.5 6.6 3.6a)
    Multiple myeloma 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 3.7a)
    Leukemia 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.2 4.9 0.9a)
    Other and ill-defined 14.3 13.5 13.9 13.5 15.2 15.3 16.2 16.2 17.2 17.1 17.1 17.5 18.1 17.6 2.4a)
    Site/Type Year
    1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 APC
    All sites 285.0 276.7 288.3 290.0 295.1 299.6 311.5 310.3 316.9 323.9 330.6 331.3 336.1 326.4 1.5a)
    Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 6.1 7.1 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.1 -0.2
    Esophagus 8.8 8.0 8.3 8.2 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.6 6.5 6.2 6.1 -2.6a)
    Stomach 66.2 65.0 67.2 66.6 66.0 62.3 66.9 65.4 63.1 64.5 65.0 63.3 63.7 59.3 -0.5a)
    Colon and rectum 26.2 27.2 29.6 32.9 35.3 38.0 41.2 43.3 45.3 47.0 49.9 50.0 51.9 50.0 5.7a)
    Liver 46.8 44.7 45.1 43.9 42.3 42.2 42.6 40.3 39.8 39.5 38.2 36.8 35.9 34.3 -2.1a)
    Gallbladderb) 8.1 7.8 8.2 8.1 7.8 8.4 8.7 8.1 7.9 7.6 8.1 8.2 7.6 7.6 -0.3
    Pancreas 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.9 7.7 8.0 8.3 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.1 8.0 8.6 8.4 0.8a)
    Larynx 4.9 4.5 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.1 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 -3.7a)
    Lung 51.4 49.8 51.1 51.0 50.0 50.8 50.9 49.2 48.7 47.6 47.5 47.5 46.4 44.3 -0.9a)
    Breast 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 -1.1
    Prostate 8.4 7.2 9.5 10.1 12.5 15.1 15.8 18.0 20.9 23.5 25.2 26.0 27.7 27.0 11.6a)
    Testis 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 4.4a)
    Kidney 4.5 4.4 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.1 7.4 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.2 5.5a)
    Bladder 9.0 9.0 9.4 9.0 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.2 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.1 -0.6
    Brain and CNS 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.3 0.6
    Thyroid 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.7 3.7 4.8 5.9 7.5 10.0 13.3 15.6 18.6 20.4 23.0 23.6a)
    Hodgkin lymphoma 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.1a)
    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 5.8 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.2 6.7 6.5 6.9 7.0 6.8 7.5 7.4 7.7 7.9 2.7a)
    Multiple myeloma 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 3.5a)
    Leukemia 5.5 5.0 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.1 5.9 1.0a)
    Other and ill-defined 17.9 16.5 16.8 16.5 18.5 18.3 19.3 18.9 20.3 19.8 20.0 19.8 20.8 20.1 1.7a)
    Site/Type Year
    1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 APCa)
    All sites 161.1 157.4 169.0 174.6 184.5 193.6 208.0 216.6 232.3 249.6 263.6 274.8 289.3 290.1 5.3a)
    Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 1.6 2.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.1
    Esophagus 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 -2.2a)
    Stomach 26.7 25.2 26.2 26.3 25.9 24.7 26.8 25.1 24.8 25.1 25.7 25.3 25.3 23.5 -0.5
    Colon and rectum 16.4 16.4 17.9 18.8 20.5 21.5 23.0 24.1 24.6 25.2 26.3 26.1 26.7 26.8 4.3a)
    Liver 12.3 11.8 12.2 11.8 11.5 11.3 11.4 11.1 11.1 10.7 10.6 10.4 10.4 9.5 -1.6a)
    Gallbladderb) 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.3 -0.2
    Pancreas 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.4 2.3a)
    Larynx 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -7.5a)
    Lung 12.4 12.5 12.3 12.6 12.4 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.0 14.2 14.2 14.7 15.3 14.9 1.7a)
    Breast 20.9 20.9 24.7 27.2 27.9 29.4 32.0 33.3 35.7 37.2 38.8 40.7 44.0 44.7 6.1a)
    Cervix uteri 16.3 15.1 15.8 14.8 14.2 13.1 12.4 12.2 11.1 11.5 10.7 10.9 10.2 9.5 -4.0a)
    Corpus uteri 2.8 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.7 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.8a)
    Ovary 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.9 5.8 6.0 1.7a)
    Kidney 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.2 5.7a)
    Bladder 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 -1.0
    Brain and CNS 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.4 0.1
    Thyroid 10.4 10.1 13.2 16.2 21.8 29.6 35.4 43.3 55.7 69.5 80.7 88.8 98.0 102.4 22.1a)
    Hodgkin lymphoma 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 6.0a)
    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.6 4.5a)
    Multiple myeloma 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.4 4.1a)
    Leukemia 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.1 0.7a)
    Other and ill-defined 11.8 11.5 11.8 11.5 12.8 13.1 13.9 14.1 14.8 15.0 14.9 15.7 16.0 15.7 2.9a)
    Rank Age (yr)
    0-14 15-34 35-64 ≥65
    Male
     1 Leukemia Thyroid Stomach Lung
    (-4.8) (-15.4) (-95.3) (-441.3)
     2 Brain and CNS Leukemia Colon and rectum Stomach
    (-2.4) (-3.1) (-77.1) (-412.5)
     3 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Colon and rectum Liver Colon and rectum
    (-2.3) (-3.1) (-63.3) (-354.9)
     4 Kidney Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Thyroid Prostate
    (-0.5) (-2.8) (-53.1) (-293.7)
     5 Liver Stomach Lung Liver
    (-0.4) (-2.4) (-42.7) (-202.8)
    Female
     1 Leukemia Thyroid Thyroid Colon and rectum
    (-3.4) (-69.6) (-246.2) (-184.1)
     2 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Breast Breast Stomach
    (-1.8) (-10.8) (-119.3) (-155.4)
     3 Brain and CNS Cervix uteri Colon and rectum Lung
    (-1.7) (-5.2) (-45.3) (-125.5)
     4 Ovarya) Stomach Stomach Thyroid
    (-0.9) (-3.8) (-39.7) (-102.3)
     5 Thyroida) Ovary Lung Liver
    (-0.9) (-3.0) (-21.8) (-71.8)
    Site/Type Both
    Male
    Female
    1993-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2008-2012 Changea) 1993-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2008-2012 Changea) 1993-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2008-2012 Changea)
    All sites 41.2 44.0 53.8 68.1 26.9 31.7 35.3 45.3 59.6 27.9 53.4 55.3 64.0 76.6 23.2
    Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 41.1 46.7 54.2 62.2 21.1 35.8 41.1 49.3 57.9 22.1 58.1 63.8 67.7 73.9 15.8
    Esophagus 12.7 15.2 21.2 31.7 19.0 11.8 14.3 20.4 31.2 19.4 23.7 24.2 29.5 37.4 13.7
    Stomach 42.8 46.6 57.7 71.5 28.7 43.0 46.9 58.4 72.2 29.2 42.6 46.0 56.4 70.0 27.4
    Colon and rectum 54.8 58.0 66.6 74.8 20.0 55.3 59.0 68.5 76.9 21.6 54.2 56.8 64.1 71.8 17.6
    Liver 10.7 13.2 20.2 30.1 19.4 9.9 12.9 20.1 30.4 20.5 13.6 14.2 20.4 29.3 15.7
    Gallbladderb) 17.3 19.7 22.8 28.3 11.0 16.6 20.3 23.4 29.5 12.9 18.0 19.1 22.3 27.2 9.2
    Pancreas 9.4 7.6 8.1 8.8 -0.6 8.8 7.3 8.1 8.5 -0.3 10.1 8.1 8.1 9.3 -0.8
    Larynx 59.7 62.3 66.1 73.4 13.7 60.2 62.8 66.8 73.6 13.4 55.4 57.8 58.2 69.6 14.2
    Lung 11.3 12.7 16.2 21.9 10.6 10.4 11.6 15.0 19.4 9.0 14.2 16.2 19.7 28.2 14.0
    Breast 77.9 83.2 88.5 91.3 13.4 75.1 85.6 87.0 90.0 14.9 78.0 83.2 88.5 91.3 13.3
    Cervix uteri 77.5 80.0 81.3 80.3 2.8 - - - - - 77.5 80.0 81.3 80.3 2.8
    Corpus uteri 81.5 81.8 84.6 86.9 5.4 - - - - - 81.5 81.8 84.6 86.9 5.4
    Ovary 58.7 58.9 61.4 61.9 3.2 - - - - - 58.7 58.9 61.4 61.9 3.2
    Prostate 55.9 67.2 80.2 92.3 36.4 55.9 67.2 80.2 92.3 36.4 - - - - -
    Testis 85.4 90.4 90.6 94.2 8.8 85.4 90.4 90.6 94.2 8.8 - - - - -
    Kidney 62.0 66.1 73.4 79.9 17.9 60.8 64.4 72.8 79.4 18.6 64.5 69.7 74.5 81.0 16.5
    Bladder 69.1 73.1 75.5 75.4 6.3 70.0 74.8 77.3 77.6 7.6 65.5 66.3 68.5 66.5 1.0
    Brain and CNS 38.5 39.0 40.7 42.2 3.7 37.2 37.5 40.1 40.5 3.3 40.2 40.7 41.4 44.3 4.1
    Thyroid 94.2 94.9 98.3 100.1 5.9 87.2 89.5 95.8 100.4 13.2 95.4 95.9 98.7 100.0 4.6
    Hodgkin lymphoma 68.0 71.2 76.6 82.6 14.6 67.6 68.1 74.6 82.1 14.5 68.6 77.4 80.6 83.5 14.9
    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 46.6 50.8 59.9 67.5 20.9 45.3 48.9 58.1 65.6 20.3 48.7 53.5 62.4 69.7 21.0
    Multiple myeloma 22.1 19.8 29.3 36.4 14.3 21.1 17.8 29.6 35.8 14.7 23.3 22.1 28.9 37.1 13.8
    Leukemia 26.5 33.3 41.8 48.9 22.4 26.2 32.3 41.6 48.8 22.6 26.8 34.6 42.0 49.2 22.4
    Other and ill-defined 42.1 45.9 55.9 67.3 25.2 37.4 42.4 52.2 63.7 26.3 47.4 50.0 59.9 71.0 23.6
    Site/Type Crude prevalence rate per 100,000a)
    Age-standardized prevalence rate per 100,000b)
    Both Male Female Both Male Female
    All sites 2,452.8 2,175.0 2,730.9 1,649.2 1,592.2 1,788.0
    Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx 33.8 45.7 22.0 23.0 33.2 14.3
    Esophagus 14.8 26.7 2.9 9.5 19.3 1.6
    Stomach 411.4 546.5 276.2 265.6 391.3 162.9
    Colon and rectum 344.5 410.9 278.1 221.5 296.6 161.8
    Liver 102.1 152.6 51.5 68.8 109.7 32.3
    GallbladderC) 29.4 29.9 28.8 18.4 21.6 16.0
    Pancreas 14.0 15.1 12.8 9.2 10.9 7.7
    Larynx 17.1 32.1 2.1 11.0 23.4 1.2
    Lung 106.2 136.7 75.8 68.3 99.1 44.8
    Breast 262.5 2.2 523.0 176.5 1.6 346.7
    Cervix uteri 86.4 - 173.0 57.5 - 111.7
    Corpus uteri 30.2 - 60.4 20.6 - 40.4
    Ovary 28.1 - 56.3 20.3 - 40.2
    Prostate 97.3 194.6 - 58.4 141.6 -
    Testis 4.4 8.8 - 4.0 7.8 -
    Kidney 51.7 69.7 33.6 35.4 50.5 22.1
    Bladder 50.6 82.4 18.9 31.3 59.9 9.9
    Brain and CNS 17.1 17.9 16.4 15.0 16.0 13.9
    Thyroid 514.0 162.5 866.0 358.7 114.8 600.7
    Hodgkin lymphoma 4.0 5.1 2.9 3.4 4.3 2.5
    Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 52.5 56.8 48.2 38.7 44.3 33.8
    Multiple myeloma 7.6 8.1 7.2 5.0 5.8 4.4
    Leukemia 29.6 32.6 26.5 28.4 31.8 25.1
    Other and ill-defined 143.4 138.4 148.3 100.5 108.6 93.9
    Table 1. Cancer incidence, prevalence, and deaths by sex in Korea, 2012

    CNS, central nervous system.

    Limited-duration prevalent cases on January 1, 2013; These patients who were diagnosed between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2012 and were alive on January 1, 2013; Multiple primary cancer cases were counted multiple times,

    Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

    Table 2. Crude and age-standardized cancer incidence rates by sex in Korea, 2012

    CNS, central nervous system.

    Age-adjusted using the world standard population,

    Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

    Table 3. The top 10 leading causes of death in Korea, 2012

    Source: Mortality Data, 2012, Statistics Korea [1].

    Age-adjusted using the world standard population.

    Table 4. Crude and age-standardized cancer mortality rates by sex in Korea, 2012

    CNS, central nervous system.

    Age-adjusted using the world standard population,

    Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

    Table 5. Trends in cancer incidence rates for both sexes from 1999 to 2012 in Korea

    APC, annual percentage change; CNS, central nervous system. APC was calculated using age-standardized incidence data based on the world standard population.

    Significantly different from zero (p < 0.05),

    Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

    Table 6. Trends in cancer incidence rates in males from 1999 to 2012 in Korea

    APC, annual percentage change; CNS, central nervous system. APC was calculated using age-standardized incidence data based on the world standard population.

    Significantly different from zero (p < 0.05),

    Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

    Table 7. Trends in cancer incidence rates in females from 1999 to 2012 in Korea

    APC, annual percentage change; CNS, central nervous system. APC was calculated using age-standardized incidence data based on the world standard population.

    Significantly different from zero (p < 0.05),

    Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

    Table 8. The five major sites of cancer incidence by age group and sex in Korea, 2012

    CNS, central nervous system.

    The incidence rates of ovarian and thyroid cancer are the same in the 0-14 age group.

    Table 9. Trends in the 5-year relative survival rates (%) by year of diagnosis from 1993 to 2012 in Korea

    CNS, central nervous system.

    Percentage change in 5-year relative survival from 1993 to 1995 and 2008 to 2012,

    Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.

    Table 10. Crude and age-standardized rates of cancer prevalence by sex on January 1, 2013 in Korea

    CNS, central nervous system.

    Crude prevalence rate: number of prevalent cases divided by the corresponding person-years of observation; Prevalent cases were defined as patients who were diagnosed between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2012 and who were alive on January 1, 2013; Multiple primary cancer cases were counted multiple times,

    Age-adjusted using the world standard population,

    Includes the gallbladder and other/unspecified parts of the biliary tract.


    Cancer Res Treat : Cancer Research and Treatment
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