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Genitourinary cancer
Clinical Outcomes of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Genitourinary Tract and the Prognostic Significance of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Jaewon Hyung, Hyung-Don Kim, Gi Hwan Kim, Yong Mee Cho, Yeon-Mi Ryu, Sang-Yeob Kim, Inkeun Park, Shinkyo Yoon, Jae Lyun Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):624-633.   Published online November 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1076
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Small cell carcinoma of the genitourinary tract (GU SCC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. There are only limited treatment options due to insufficient understanding of the disease. In this study, we analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients with GU SCC and their association with the tumor immune phenotype.
Materials and Methods
Patients diagnosed with GU SCC were included. Survival outcomes according to the primary location (prostate and non-prostate) and stages (limited disease [LD] and extensive disease [ED]) were analyzed. We performed multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) in non-prostate SCC patients and analyzed the immune cell population.
Results
A total of 77 patients were included in this study. Their median age was 71 years, 67 patients (87.0%) were male, and 48 patients (62.3%) had non-prostate SCC. All patients with ED (n=31, 40.3%) received etoposide plus platinum (EP) as initial treatment and median overall survival (OS) was 9.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1 to 18.6). Patients with LD (n=46, 59.7%) received EP followed by radiotherapy or surgery, and 24-months OS rate was 63.6% (95% CI, 49.9 to 81.0). The multiplex IHC analysis of 21 patients with non-prostate SCC showed that patients with a higher density of programmed death-ligand 1–expressing CD68+CD206+ M2-like macrophages had significantly worse OS outcomes with an adjusted hazards ratio of 4.17 (95% CI, 1.25 to 14.29; adjusted p=0.02).
Conclusion
Patients with GU SCC had a poor prognosis, even those with localized disease. The tumor immune phenotypes were significantly associated with survival. This finding provides new insights for treating GU SCC.
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Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of Urethra: Clinical and Pathologic Implications and Characterization of Molecular Aberrations
Boram Song, Seok Hyun Lee, Jeong Hwan Park, Kyung Chul Moon
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):280-293.   Published online September 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.577
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the molecular features of clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the urinary tract and investigate its pathogenic pathways and possible actionable targets.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively collected the data of patients with CCA between January 1999 and December 2016; the data were independently reviewed by two pathologists. We selected five cases of urinary CCA, based on the clinicopathological features. We analyzed these five cases by whole exome sequencing (WES) and subsequent bioinformatics analyses to determine the mutational spectrum and possible pathogenic pathways.
Results
All patients were female with a median age of 62 years. All tumors were located in the urethra and showed aggressive behavior with disease progression. WES revealed several genetic alterations, including driver gene mutations (AMER1, ARID1A, CHD4, KMT2D, KRAS, PBRM1, and PIK3R1) and mutations in other important genes with tumor-suppressive and oncogenic roles (CSMD3, KEAP1, SMARCA4, and CACNA1D). We suggest putative pathogenic pathways (chromatin remodeling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway) as candidates for targeted therapies.
Conclusion
Our findings shed light on the molecular background of this extremely rare tumor with poor prognosis and can help improve treatment options.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Urethral clear cell adenocarcinoma in an adult female: A rare case report
    Yacob Sheiferawe Seman, Michael Teklehaimanot Abera, Fadil Nuredin Abrar, Tesfaye Kebede Legesse, Mesfin Asefa Tola, Tsiyon Nigusie Alemu
    Urology Case Reports.2025; 58: 102882.     CrossRef
  • Two rare cases of primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra: clinical experience, case report and literature review
    Bohao Jiang, Jiyuan Hu, Benqiao Wang, Xujia Liu, Ling Tong, Yitong Xu, Hao Zhang
    Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between CACNA1D polymorphisms and hypospadias in a southern Chinese population
    Ye He, Binyao Li, Xinying Zhao, Lingling Pan, Yanqing Liu, Chaoting Lan, Fuming Deng, Wen Fu, Yan Zhang, Xiaoyu Zuo
    Journal of Pediatric Urology.2024; 20(3): 438.e1.     CrossRef
  • The L‐type calcium channel CaV1.3: A potential target for cancer therapy
    Xuerun Liu, Boqiang Shen, Jingyi Zhou, Juan Hao, Jianliu Wang
    Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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