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Original Articles
Association between Obesity and Melanoma Risk in an Asian Population: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Hye Yeon Koo, Kyungdo Han, Jihye Park, Jinhyung Jung, Seonghye Kim, Hyeonjin Cho, In Young Cho, Dong Wook Shin
Received February 14, 2025  Accepted June 17, 2025  Published online June 18, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.169    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Previous studies from mostly Western populations have suggested possible associations between obesity and melanoma risk. This study aimed to investigate associations between obesity status and melanoma using a nationwide cohort of Koreans.
Materials and Methods
4,441,403 adults who received a national health examination in 2012 were included from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, and followed until December 31, 2022. Obesity status was defined based on the body mass index at the baseline health examination. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to evaluate associations between obesity status and incident melanoma, with adjustment for confounders. Stratified analyses were performed by sex and menopausal status (in women).
Results
Overall, melanoma risk increased according to obesity status (p for trend=0.024); adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for melanoma risk were 0.766 (0.438–1.340) in underweight; 1.292 (1.072–1.557) in overweight; 1.202 (1.002–1.442) in obesity; and 1.191 (0.798–1.778) in severe obesity compared to normal weight (reference). In stratified analyses, similar trends to those of the overall study population were observed among men and premenopausal women (p for trend=0.052 in men and 0.036 in premenopausal women). Among premenopausal women, the risk of melanoma increased linearly with obesity status. Meanwhile, among postmenopausal women, melanoma risk showed no significant difference or trend according to obesity status.
Conclusion
Overweight and obesity were associated with increased risk of melanoma in a population-based cohort of Koreans. Obese individuals, especially men and premenopausal women, may require more thorough prevention and screening strategies for melanoma.
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The Impact of Obesity on Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving CDK 4/6 Inhibitors
Yoo Bin Jung, Hee Kyung Ahn, Hyun-Young Shin, Ji Hyung Hong, Chai Hong Rim
Received January 25, 2025  Accepted April 13, 2025  Published online April 15, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.110    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Guidelines from the aromatase inhibitor era for early breast cancer (EBC) treatment recommend maintaining a body mass index (BMI) below 25. In the current era of CDK 4/6 inhibitors, now standard in metastatic breast cancer (MBC), limited data exist on treatment outcomes in obese patients. This study investigates how adiposity affects the treatment outcome of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative MBC.
Materials and Methods
We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases, assessing efficacy outcomes such as progression-free survival (PFS) based on obesity markers, including BMI and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) index.
Results
Twelve studies were reviewed, with seven studies and 1,812 patients included in a pooled meta-analysis. Among patients with BMI ≥25, modest improvement in PFS was observed, with a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 0.944 (95% CI, 0.909-0.980; p = 0.003). Besides, add-on analysis using VAT to define obesity revealed a notable PFS improvement, with a pooled HR of 0.452 (95% CI, 0.256-0.798; p = 0.006).
Conclusion
While BMI-defined obesity showed slight PFS improvement with CDK 4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy, using VAT to define obesity revealed significant PFS gains. This highlights the need for further research on biomarker to clarify the role of adiposity in MBC, which may differ from its impact in EBC.
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Weight Change after Cancer Diagnosis and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Nationwide Study
Hye Yeon Koo, Kyungdo Han, Mi Hee Cho, Wonyoung Jung, Jinhyung Jung, In Young Cho, Dong Wook Shin
Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):339-349.   Published online August 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.586
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Cancer survivors are at increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Additionally, the prevalence of obesity, which is also a risk factor for DM, is increasing in cancer survivors. We investigated the associations between weight change after cancer diagnosis and DM risk.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Participants who were newly diagnosed with cancer from 2010 to 2016 and received national health screening before and after diagnosis were included and followed until 2019. Weight change status after cancer diagnosis was categorized into four groups: sustained normal weight, obese to normal weight, normal weight to obese, or sustained obese. Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed to examine associations between weight change and DM.
Results
The study population comprised 264,250 cancer survivors. DM risk was highest in sustained obese (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR], 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08 to 2.26), followed by normal weight to obese (aHR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.54 to 1.79), obese to normal weight (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.39), and then sustained normal weight group (reference). In subgroup analyses according to cancer type, most cancers showed the highest risks in sustained obese group.
Conclusion
Obesity at any time point was related to increased DM risk, presenting the highest risk in cancer survivors with sustained obesity. Survivors who changed from obese to normal weight had lower risk than survivors with sustained obesity. Survivors who changed from normal weight to obese showed increased risk compared to those who sustained normal weight. Our finding supports the significance of weight management among cancer survivors.

Citations

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  • Effects of smoking behavior change on diabetes incidence after cancer development: A nationwide cohort study
    MI Hee Cho, Jinhyung Jung, Hye Yeon Koo, Wonyoung Jung, Kyungdo Han, In Young Cho, Dong Wook Shin
    Diabetes & Metabolism.2025; 51(1): 101604.     CrossRef
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  • 1 Crossref
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Association between the Persistence of Obesity and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Joo Hyun Lim, Cheol Min Shin, Kyung-Do Han, Seung Woo Lee, Eun Hyo Jin, Yoon Jin Choi, Hyuk Yoon, Young Soo Park, Nayoung Kim, Dong Ho Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):199-207.   Published online May 4, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.130
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
There remains controversy about relationship between obesity and gastric cancer. We aimed to examine the association using obesity-persistence.
Materials and Methods
We analyzed a nationwide population-based cohort which underwent health check-up between 2009 and 2012. Among them, those who had annual examinations during the last 5 years were selected. Gastric cancer risk was compared between those without obesity during the 5 years (never-obesity group) and those with obesity diagnosis during the 5 years (non-persistent obesity group; persistent obesity group).
Results
Among 2,757,017 individuals, 13,441 developed gastric cancer after median 6.78 years of follow-up. Gastric cancer risk was the highest in persistent obesity group (incidence rate [IR], 0.89/1,000 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.197; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.117 to 1.284), followed by non-persistent obesity group (IR, 0.83/1,000 person-years; HR, 1.113; 95% CI, 1.056 to 1.172) compared with never-obesity group. In subgroup analysis, this positive relationship was true among those < 65 years old and male. Among heavy-drinkers, the impact of obesity-persistence on the gastric cancer risk far increased (non-persistent obesity: HR, 1.297; 95% CI, 1.094 to 1.538; persistent obesity: HR, 1.351; 95% CI, 1.076 to 1.698).
Conclusion
Obesity-persistence is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in a dose-response manner, especially among male < 65 years old. The risk raising effect was much stronger among heavy-drinkers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Adiposity and risks of gastrointestinal cancers: A 10‐year prospective study of 0.5 million Chinese adults
    Wing Ching Chan, Iona Millwood, Christiana Kartsonaki, Huaidong Du, Daniel Schmidt, Rebecca Stevens, Junshi Chen, Pei Pei, Canqing Yu, Dianjianyi Sun, Jun Lv, Xianyong Han, Liming Li, Zhengming Chen, Ling Yang
    International Journal of Cancer.2025; 156(11): 2094.     CrossRef
  • Association of overweight/obesity and digestive system cancers: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of prospective cohort studies
    Ji Ren, Chunyan Tang, Jinghe Wang, Yanan Wang, Dongying Yang, Jianming Sheng, Shili Zhu, Yunli Liu, Xiaoqi Li, Wei Liu, Mulu Tiruneh,
    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(4): e0318256.     CrossRef
  • Assessing gastric cancer risk through longitudinal health check-up data: Insights from a national cohort study in South Korea
    Juwon Park, Do-young Kim, Mina Suh, Yeong-Hwa Kim, Sungho Won, Patricia Khashayar
    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(4): e0312861.     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis of gastric cancer in role of endoscopic imaging techniques in artificial intelligence and machine learning applications: An overview
    Pooja K., Kishore Kanna R., G. Li, U. Subramaniam, M. Sekar
    E3S Web of Conferences.2024; 491: 03016.     CrossRef
  • Joint association of drinking alcohol and obesity in relation to cancer risk: A systematic review and data synthesis
    Graeme A. Macdonald, James A. Thomas, Christine Dalais, Bradley J. Kendall, Aaron P. Thrift
    Cancer Epidemiology.2024; 91: 102596.     CrossRef
  • Roles of long non‑coding RNA SNHG16 in human digestive system cancer (Review)
    Lujie Zhao, Yuling Kan, Lu Wang, Jiquan Pan, Yun Li, Haiyan Zhu, Zhongfa Yang, Lin Xiao, Xinhua Fu, Fujun Peng, Haipeng Ren
    Oncology Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Gastric Cancer Risk in Association with Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Narges Azizi, Moein Zangiabadian, Golnoosh Seifi, Afshan Davari, Elham Yekekhani, Seyed Amir Ahmad Safavi-Naini, Nathan A. Berger, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Mohammad-Reza Sohrabi
    Cancers.2023; 15(10): 2778.     CrossRef
  • Recent research progress on the correlation between metabolic syndrome and Helicobacter pylori infection
    Qinli Xie, Yangjun He, Danni Zhou, Yi Jiang, Ying Deng, Ruoqing Li
    PeerJ.2023; 11: e15755.     CrossRef
  • Risk of gastric cancer in relation with serum cholesterol profiles: A nationwide population-based cohort study
    Mi Jin Oh, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Joo Hyun Lim, Bokyung Kim, Sang Gyun Kim, Soo-Jeong Cho
    Medicine.2023; 102(48): e36260.     CrossRef
  • Decreasing Incidence of Gastric Cancer with Increasing Time after Helicobacter pylori Treatment: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
    Taewan Kim, Seung In Seo, Kyung Joo Lee, Chan Hyuk Park, Tae Jun Kim, Jinseob Kim, Woon Geon Shin
    Antibiotics.2022; 11(8): 1052.     CrossRef
  • Integration of clinical and transcriptomics reveals programming of the lipid metabolism in gastric cancer
    Yanyan Li, Jungang Zhao, Renpin Chen, Shengwei Chen, Yilun Xu, Weiyang Cai
    BMC Cancer.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Body fatness associations with cancer: evidence from recent epidemiological studies and future directions
    Susanna C. Larsson, Nikolaos Spyrou, Christos S. Mantzoros
    Metabolism.2022; 137: 155326.     CrossRef
  • FOXC2-AS1 stabilizes FOXC2 mRNA via association with NSUN2 in gastric cancer cells
    Jijun Yan, Juntao Liu, Zhengbin Huang, Wenwei Huang, Jianfa Lv
    Human Cell.2021; 34(6): 1755.     CrossRef
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Endocrine Cancer
Association among Body Mass Index, Genetic Variants of FTO, and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study of the Cancer Screenee Cohort in Korea
Tung Hoang, Dayoung Song, Jeonghee Lee, Eun Kyung Lee, Yul Hwangbo, Jeongseon Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):857-873.   Published online December 7, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.720
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Obesity has been determined to be associated with fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and thyroid cancer risk. However, the effect of combined interactions between obesity and the FTO gene on thyroid cancer needs further investigation. This study aimed to examine whether interactions between body mass index (BMI) and the FTO gene are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.
Materials and Methods
A total of 705 thyroid cancer cases and 705 sex- and age-matched normal controls were selected from the Cancer Screenee Cohort in National Cancer Center, Korea. A conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the measure of associations and the combined effect of BMI and FTO gene on thyroid cancer.
Results
BMI was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in subclasses of overweight (23-24.9 kg/m2; adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.00) and obese (≥ 25 kg/m2) (adjusted OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.14). There were positive associations between the FTO genetic variants rs8047395 and rs8044769 and an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Additionally, the combination of BMI subclasses and FTO gene variants was significantly associated with thyroid cancer risk in the codominant (rs17817288), dominant (rs9937053, rs12149832, rs1861867, and rs7195539), and recessive (rs17817288 and rs8044769) models.
Conclusion
Findings from this study identified the effects of BMI on thyroid cancer risk among individuals carrying rs17817288, rs9937053, rs12149832, rs1861867, rs7195539, and rs8044769, whereas the effects of BMI may be modified according to individual characteristics of other FTO variants.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Polymorphisms in the FTO Gene and Their Association With Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Review and Meta‐Analysis
    Fengran Guo, Yilong Gao, Hu Wang, Pengfei Zhou, Yanping Zhang, Zhihai Teng, Yaxuan Wang, Zhenwei Han
    Cancer Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Link between BMI and Aggressive Histopathological Subtypes in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma—Insights from a Multicentre Retrospective Study
    Giacomo Di Filippo, Gian Luigi Canu, Giovanni Lazzari, Dorin Serbusca, Eleonora Morelli, Paolo Brazzarola, Leonardo Rossi, Benard Gjeloshi, Mariangela Caradonna, George Kotsovolis, Ioannis Pliakos, Efthymios Poulios, Theodosios Papavramidis, Federico Capp
    Cancers.2024; 16(7): 1429.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Body Mass Index and Clinicopathological Factors in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
    Wei Yan, Xue Luo, Qing-Jun Gao, Bing-Feng Chen, Hui Ye
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 2013.     CrossRef
  • Human adipose-derived stem cells promote migration of papillary thyroid cancer cell via leptin pathway
    Bo-Tao Zhang, Ying Li, Qi-Lan Jiang, Rui Jiang, Yang Zeng, Jun Jiang
    Annals of Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The association of obesity with thyroid carcinoma risk
    Xiao‐Ni Ma, Cheng‐Xu Ma, Li‐Jie Hou, Song‐Bo Fu
    Cancer Medicine.2022; 11(4): 1136.     CrossRef
  • Seaweed and Iodine Intakes and SLC5A5 rs77277498 in Relation to Thyroid Cancer
    Tung Hoang, Eun Kyung Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Yul Hwangbo, Jeongseon Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(3): 513.     CrossRef
  • Low-Level Environmental Mercury Exposure and Thyroid Cancer Risk Among Residents Living Near National Industrial Complexes in South Korea: A Population-Based Cohort Study
    Seyoung Kim, Sang-Hwan Song, Chul-Woo Lee, Jung-Taek Kwon, Eun Young Park, Jin-Kyoung Oh, Hyun-Jin Kim, Eunjung Park, Byungmi Kim
    Thyroid.2022; 32(9): 1118.     CrossRef
  • Association between Obesity Indexes and Thyroid Cancer Risk in Korean Women: Nested Case–Control Study
    Yoonyoung Jang, Taehwa Kim, Brian H. S. Kim, Boyoung Park
    Cancers.2022; 14(19): 4712.     CrossRef
  • FTO Gene Polymorphisms Contribute to the Predisposition and Radiotherapy Efficiency of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
    Feng Xiao, Jianrong Zhou
    Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine.2021; Volume 14: 1239.     CrossRef
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  • 9 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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Association of Body Composition with Long-Term Survival in Non-metastatic Rectal Cancer Patients
Jin Soo Han, Hyoseon Ryu, In Ja Park, Kyung Won Kim, Yongbin Shin, Sun Ok Kim, Seok-Byung Lim, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, Jong Lyul Lee, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(2):563-572.   Published online December 3, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.249
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
We evaluated the association of body composition with long-term oncologic outcomes in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients.
Methods
We included 1,384 patients with stage(y)0-III rectal cancer treated at Asan Medical Center between January 2005 and December 2012. Body composition at diagnosis was measured using abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT). Sarcopenia, visceral obesity (VO), and sarcopenic obesity (SO) were defined using CT measured parameters such as skeletal muscle index (total abdominal muscle area, TAMA), visceral fat area (VFA), and VFA/TAMA. Inflammatory status was defined as a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio of ≥3. Obesity was categorized by body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m2).
Results
Among the 1,384 patients, 944 (68.2%) had sarcopenia and 307 (22.2%) had SO. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was significantly lower in sarcopenic patients (no sarcopenia vs. sarcopenia; 84% vs. 78%, p=0.003) but the 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was not different (77.3% vs. 77.9% p=0.957). Patients with SO showed lower 5-year OS (79.1% vs. 75.5% p=0.02) but no difference in 5-year RFS (p=0.957). Sarcopenia, SO, VO, and obesity were not associated with RFS. However, obesity, SO, age, sex, inflammatory status, and tumor stage were confirmed as independent factors associated with OS on multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis, association of SO with OS was more prominent in patients with (y)p stage 0-2 and no inflammatory status.
Conclusion
The presence of SO and a low body mass index at diagnosis are negatively associated with OS in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prognostic Impact of Sarcopenic Obesity on Postoperative Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Tuba Nur Yıldız Kopuz, Hanifi Furkan Yıldız, Sadettin Er, Mehmet Fisunoğlu
    Nutrition and Cancer.2025; 77(3): 360.     CrossRef
  • Effect of sarcopenic obesity on treatment results in patients with malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: systematic review
    T. S. Boldyreva, V. K. Lyadov
    Supportive Therapy in Oncology.2025; 1(3): 26.     CrossRef
  • Impact of visceral obesity on postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Yulong Wang, Xijuan Liu, Xiao Feng, Xing Jiang, Lili Huang
    Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Radiological Assessment of Sarcopenia and Its Clinical Impact in Patients with Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
    Shameema Farook, Saumya Soni, Arpit Shantagiri, Pankaj Gupta, Anindita Sinha, Mahesh Prakash
    Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology.2024; 07(01): 027.     CrossRef
  • Landscape and research trends of sarcopenic obesity research: A bibliometric analysis
    Huiyu Tang, Rongna Lian, Runjie Li, Jiaojiao Jiang, Ming Yang
    Heliyon.2024; 10(2): e24696.     CrossRef
  • Predictive role of preoperative sarcopenia for long-term survival in rectal cancer patients: A meta-analysis
    Qiutong Su, Jia Shen, Zubing Mei
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0303494.     CrossRef
  • Sarcopenic obesity in cancer
    Mihaela Jurdana, Maja Cemazar
    Radiology and Oncology.2024; 58(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Negative impact of sarcopenia on survival in elderly patients with colorectal cancer receiving surgery: A propensity‑score matched analysis
    Takeshi Nishikawa, Tetsuro Taira, Nao Kakizawa, Riki Ohno, Toshiya Nagasaki
    Oncology Letters.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of body composition parameters on radiation therapy compliance in locally advanced rectal cancer: A retrospective observational analysis
    Giuditta Chiloiro, Marco Cintoni, Marta Palombaro, Angela Romano, Sara Reina, Gabriele Pulcini, Barbara Corvari, Silvia Di Franco, Elisa Meldolesi, Gabriele Egidi, Futura Grassi, Pauline Raoul, Emanuele Rinninella, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Cristina Mele,
    Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology.2024; 47: 100789.     CrossRef
  • Post‐diagnosis adiposity and colorectal cancer prognosis: A Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
    Nerea Becerra‐Tomás, Georgios Markozannes, Margarita Cariolou, Katia Balducci, Rita Vieira, Sonia Kiss, Dagfinn Aune, Darren C. Greenwood, Laure Dossus, Ellen Copson, Andrew G. Renehan, Martijn Bours, Wendy Demark‐Wahnefried, Melissa M. Hudson, Anne M. Ma
    International Journal of Cancer.2024; 155(3): 400.     CrossRef
  • Sarcopenia diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer: a review of computed tomography-based assessments and emerging ways to enhance practicality
    Hye Jung Cho, Jeonghyun Kang
    Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2024; 106(6): 305.     CrossRef
  • Serum tumor marker and CT body composition scoring system predicts outcomes in colorectal cancer surgical patients
    Mingming Song, Zhihao Liu, Feihong Wu, Tong Nie, Yixin Heng, Jiaxin Xu, Ning Huang, Xiaoyu Wu, Yinghao Cao, Gang Hu
    European Radiology.2024; 34(12): 7596.     CrossRef
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    Han Zhou, Lei Tian, Yiting Wu, Sibin Liu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jiahn Choi, Hye Sun Lee, Jeonghyun Kang
    Annals of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.2024; 16(2): 66.     CrossRef
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    Wen‐Li Lin, Li‐Min Wu, Wen‐Tsung Huang, How‐Ran Guo, Jyh‐Jou Chen
    Journal of Surgical Oncology.2023; 128(7): 1121.     CrossRef
  • Associations of muscle and adipose tissue parameters with long-term outcomes in middle and low rectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study
    Jiyang Liu, Xiongfeng Yu, Xueqing Huang, Qingquan Lai, Jieyun Chen
    Cancer Imaging.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Livingstone Aduse-Poku, Shama D. Karanth, Meghann Wheeler, Danting Yang, Caretia Washington, Young-Rock Hong, Todd M. Manini, Jesus C. Fabregas, Ting-Yuan David Cheng, Dejana Braithwaite
    Cancers.2023; 15(4): 1081.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic effect of sarcopenia in patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer resection
    Giuseppe Portale, Matteo Zuin, Ylenia Camilla Spolverato, Patrizia Bartolotta, Dario Gregori, Carlo Rettore, Luca Cancian, Alberto Morabito, Teodoro Sava, Valentino Fiscon
    ANZ Journal of Surgery.2023; 93(6): 1631.     CrossRef
  • Nomogram for predicting the overall survival of underweight patients with colorectal cancer: a clinical study
    Jun Woo Bong, Younghyun Na, Yeonuk Ju, Chinock Cheong, Sanghee Kang, Sun Il Lee, Byung Wook Min
    BMC Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prognostic role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in operated rectal cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
    Giuseppe Portale, Patrizia Bartolotta, Danila Azzolina, Dario Gregori, Valentino Fiscon
    Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effects of muscle mass and quality on mortality of patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy
    Jiyun Jung, Jangwook Lee, Jeong-Hoon Lim, Yong Chul Kim, Tae Hyun Ban, Woo Yeong Park, Kyeong Min Kim, Kipyo Kim, Sung Woo Lee, Sung Joon Shin, Seung Seok Han, Dong Ki Kim, Yousun Ko, Kyung Won Kim, Hyosang Kim, Jae Yoon Park
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sarcopenic Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Worse Oncological Long-Term Outcome in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study
    Peter Tschann, Markus P. Weigl, Patrick Clemens, Philipp Szeverinski, Christian Attenberger, Matthias Kowatsch, Tarkan Jäger, Klaus Emmanuel, Thomas Brock, Ingmar Königsrainer
    Nutrients.2023; 15(11): 2632.     CrossRef
  • Association between Computed Tomography-Determined Loss of Muscle Mass and Impaired Three-Month Survival in Frail Older Adults with Cancer
    Antti Tolonen, Hanna Kerminen, Kaisa Lehtomäki, Heini Huhtala, Maarit Bärlund, Pia Österlund, Otso Arponen
    Cancers.2023; 15(13): 3398.     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis and prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in patients with colorectal cancer: A scoping review
    Yoko Saino, Fumiya Kawase, Ayano Nagano, Junko Ueshima, Haruko Kobayashi, Kenta Murotani, Tatsuro Inoue, Shinsuke Nagami, Mizue Suzuki, Keisuke Maeda
    Clinical Nutrition.2023; 42(9): 1595.     CrossRef
  • Sarcopenia as a prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer: an updated meta-analysis
    Jie He, Wei Luo, Yuanyuan Huang, Lingmeng Song, Yang Mei
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sarcopenia, Precardial Adipose Tissue and High Tumor Volume as Outcome Predictors in Surgically Treated Pleural Mesothelioma
    Oliver Guido Verhoek, Lisa Jungblut, Olivia Lauk, Christian Blüthgen, Isabelle Opitz, Thomas Frauenfelder, Katharina Martini
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(1): 99.     CrossRef
  • Skeletal muscle wasting and long-term prognosis in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery without neoadjuvant therapy
    Alessandro Giani, Simone Famularo, Alessandro Fogliati, Luca Riva, Nicolò Tamini, Davide Ippolito, Luca Nespoli, Marco Braga, Luca Gianotti
    World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Value-added Opportunistic CT Screening: State of the Art
    Perry J. Pickhardt
    Radiology.2022; 303(2): 241.     CrossRef
  • Sarcopenic obesity: What about in the cancer setting?
    Gianluca Gortan Cappellari, Caterina Brasacchio, Daniela Laudisio, Carla Lubrano, Francesca Pivari, Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao
    Nutrition.2022; 98: 111624.     CrossRef
  • CT-Derived Body Composition Assessment as a Prognostic Tool in Oncologic Patients: From Opportunistic Research to Artificial Intelligence–Based Clinical Implementation
    David D. B. Bates, Perry J. Pickhardt
    American Journal of Roentgenology.2022; 219(4): 671.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenic obesity in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Qianqian Gao, Kaiyan Hu, Jing Gao, Yi Shang, Fan Mei, Li Zhao, Fei Chen, Bin Ma
    Nutrition.2022; 101: 111704.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with rectal cancer: A meta-analysis
    Yueli Zhu, Xiaoming Guo, Qin Zhang, Yunmei Yang, Zubing Mei
    PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0270332.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the impact of body mass index on long-term survival outcomes after surgery for colorectal cancer
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    En Cheng, Jocelyn Kirley, Elizabeth M. Cespedes Feliciano, Bette J. Caan
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    Quoc Riccardo Bao, Filippo Crimì, Giovanni Valotto, Valentina Chiminazzo, Francesca Bergamo, Alessandra Anna Prete, Sara Galuppo, Badr El Khouzai, Emilio Quaia, Salvatore Pucciarelli, Emanuele Damiano Luca Urso
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    Young Il Kim, In Ja Park, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim, Yura Lee, Harin Kim, Seockhoon Chung, Chang-Min Choi, Hui Jeong Lee, Kyung Won Kim, Yousun Ko, Sung-Cheol Yun, Min-Woo Jo, Jong Won Lee
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    Ji Young Lee, Kyung Won Kim, Yousun Ko, Chi Hyuk Oh, Bo Hyun Kim, Seong Jin Park, Myung-Won You
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    Erik Haehl, Luisa Alvino, Alexander Rühle, Jiadai Zou, Alexander Fabian, Anca-Ligia Grosu, Nils H. Nicolay
    Cancers.2022; 14(22): 5536.     CrossRef
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    Yingjing Zhang, Zijian Li, Lin Jiang, Zhigang Xue, Zhiqiang Ma, Weiming Kang, Xin Ye, Yuqin Liu, Zhengyu Jin, Jianchun Yu
    Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics.2021; 34(3): 585.     CrossRef
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    Mario Trejo-Avila, Katya Bozada-Gutiérrez, Carlos Valenzuela-Salazar, Jesús Herrera-Esquivel, Mucio Moreno-Portillo
    International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2021; 36(6): 1077.     CrossRef
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    Hytham K.S. Hamid, George N. Davis, Mario Trejo-Avila, Patrick O. Igwe, Andrés Garcia-Marín
    Surgical Oncology.2021; 37: 101556.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Sarcopenic Obesity in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Synthesis of the Evidence on Pathophysiological Aspects and Clinical Implications
    Erika Aparecida Silveira, Rômulo Roosevelt da Silva Filho, Maria Claudia Bernardes Spexoto, Fahimeh Haghighatdoost, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Cesar de Oliveira
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    Chungyeop Lee, In-Ja Park, Kyung-Won Kim, Yongbin Shin, Seok-Byung Lim, Chan-Wook Kim, Yong-Sik Yoon, Jong-Lyul Lee, Chang-Sik Yu, Jin-Cheon Kim
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    Hailun Xie, Lishuang Wei, Mingxiang Liu, Guanghui Yuan, Shuangyi Tang, Jialiang Gan
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    Antti Tolonen, Tomppa Pakarinen, Antti Sassi, Jere Kyttä, William Cancino, Irina Rinta-Kiikka, Said Pertuz, Otso Arponen
    European Journal of Radiology.2021; 145: 109943.     CrossRef
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    In Kyu Park, Song Soo Yang, Eric Chung, Eun‐Suk Cho, Hye Sun Lee, Su‐Jin Shin, Yeong Cheol Im, Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik, Kang Young Lee, Jeonghyun Kang
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  • Sarcopenia as a predictor of mortality in women with breast cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review
    Xiao-Ming Zhang, Qing-Li Dou, Yingchun Zeng, Yunzhi Yang, Andy S. K. Cheng, Wen-Wu Zhang
    BMC Cancer.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Daniel Martin, Jens von der Grün, Claus Rödel, Emmanouil Fokas
    Frontiers in Oncology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Body Mass Index and Risk of Gastric Cancer in Asian Adults: A Meta-Epidemiological Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Cohort Studies
Jong-Myon Bae
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(2):369-373.   Published online August 12, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.241
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
A previous meta-analysis (MA) published in 2009 reported that excess body weight was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer in non-Asians, but not in Asians. The aim was to conduct a meta-epidemiological MA (MEMA) to evaluate association between excess body weight and the risk of gastric cancer in Asian adults with using the proposed classification of weight by body mass index (BMI) in Asian adults.
Materials and Methods
The selection criteria were population-based prospective cohort studies that measured BMI of cohort participants and evaluated a risk of gastric cancer. Overweight group (OW) and obesity group (OB) were defined as 23.0-24.9 and ≥ 25.0, respectively. A group only showing results for BMI over 23.0 was defined as overweight and obesity group (OWB). Random effect model was applied if I2 value was over 50%.
Results
After four new studies were added through citation discovery tools, seven cohort studies with 21 datasets were selected finally for MEMA. The I2 value of OW, OB, and OWB were 76.1%, 83.5%, and 97.1%, respectively. Only OWB in men had a I2 value below 50% (22.5%) and showed a statistical significance with inverse association (summary relative risk, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 0.81).
Conclusion
This MEMA supported the hypothesis that OW might be a protective factor in gastric cancer risk in Asian adults. It will be necessary to conduct additional cohort studies with lengthening follow-up periods and re-analyzing the effect of overweight and obesity classified by the Asian criteria.

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    Siyi He, Zhiyi Zhang, Guohui Song, Zhenhai Wang, Chunyun Dai, Shipeng Yan, Kun Jiang, Bingbing Song, He Li, Maomao Cao, Dianqin Sun, Fan Yang, Xinxin Yan, Shaoli Zhang, Yi Teng, Qianru Li, Changfa Xia, Wanqing Chen
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    Marco Milone, Anna D’Amore, Gian Luca Baiocchi, Fabio Cianchi, Giovanni De Manzoni, Stefano De Pascale, Maurizio Degiuli, Giorgio Ercolani, Giovanni Ferrari, Laura Fortuna, Romario Uberto Fumagalli, Monica Gualtierotti, Federico Marchesi, Andrea Peri, Fra
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    Narges Azizi, Moein Zangiabadian, Golnoosh Seifi, Afshan Davari, Elham Yekekhani, Seyed Amir Ahmad Safavi-Naini, Nathan A. Berger, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Mohammad-Reza Sohrabi
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  • The causal association between obesity and gastric cancer and shared molecular signatures: a large-scale Mendelian randomization and multi-omics analysis
    Abao Xing, Henry H. Y. Tong, Songyan Liu, Xiaobing Zhai, Li Yu, Kefeng Li
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Li Chen, Hao Sun, Ruihu Zhao, Rong Huang, Hongming Pan, Yanjiao Zuo, Lele Zhang, Yingwei Xue, Hongjiang Song, Xingrui Li
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    Federico Belladelli, Francesco Montorsi, Alberto Martini
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    Abdelrahman Mohamed Ahmed Abukanna, Ziyad Mubarak S Alanazi, Amer Meshal H Alanazi, Atheer Humaidy S Alenazi, Abdulrahman Obaid A Alanazi, Khaloud Attaulla Alenezi, Gharam Mahmood Alsalmi
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    Aaron P. Thrift, Theresa H. Nguyen
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The Health Burden of Cancer Attributable to Obesity in Korea: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Joo Eun Lee, Chung Mo Nam, Sang Gyu Lee, Sohee Park, Tae Hyun Kim, Eun-Cheol Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):933-940.   Published online October 4, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.301
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Considering the health impact of obesity and cancer, it is important to estimate the burden of cancer attributable to high body mass index (BMI). Therefore, the present study attempts to measure the health burden of cancer attributable to excess BMI, according to cancer sites.
Materials and Methods
The present study used nationwide medical check-up sample cohort data (2002-2015). The study subjects were 496,390 individuals (268,944 men and 227,446 women). We first calculated hazard ratio (HR) in order to evaluate the effect of excess BMI on cancer incidence and mortality. Then, the adjusted HR values and the prevalence of excess BMI were used to calculate the population attributable risk. This study also used the Global Burden of Disease method, to examine the health burden of obesity-related cancers attributable to obesity.
Results
The highest disability-adjusted life year (DALY) values attributable to overweight and obesity in men were shown in liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and gallbladder cancer. Among women, colorectal, ovarian, and breast (postmenopausal) cancers had the highest DALYs values attributable to overweight and obesity. Approximately 8.0% and 12.5% of cancer health burden (as measured by DALY values) among obesity-related cancers in men and women, respectively, can be prevented.
Conclusions
Obesity has added to the health burden of cancer. By measuring the proportion of cancer burden attributable to excess BMI, the current findings provide support for the importance of properly allocating healthcare resources and for developing cancer prevention strategies to reduce the future burden of cancer.

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  • Population attributable fractions of modifiable cancer risk factors in Korea: A systematic review
    Mi Ah Han, Seo‐Hee Kim, Eu Chang Hwang, Jae Hung Jung, Sun Mi Park
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024; 20(2): 299.     CrossRef
  • Obesity in the Asia-Pacific Region: Current Perspectives
    David Tak Wai Lui, Junya Ako, Jamshed Dalal, Alan Fong, Masashi Fujino, Ari Horton, Rungroj Krittayaphong, Wael Almahmeed, Anne Thushara Matthias, Adam J Nelson, Stephen J Nicholls, Richard O’Brien, Kian Keong Poh, Khalida Soomro, Khung Keong Yeo, Kathryn
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    Zhuowen Hu, Xue Wang, Xin Zhang, Wuping Sun, Jun Mao
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    Matteo Di Maso, Claudio Pelucchi, Giulia Collatuzzo, Gianfranco Alicandro, Matteo Malvezzi, Fabio Parazzini, Eva Negri, Paolo Boffetta, Carlo La Vecchia, Federica Turati
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Body Mass Index and Doses at Organs at Risk in a Mediterranean Population Treated with Postoperative Vaginal Cuff Brachytherapy
Sebastia Sabater, Meritxell Arenas, Roberto Berenguer, Ignacio Andres, Esther Jimenez-Jimenez, Ana Martos, Jesus Fernandez-Lopez, Mar Sevillano, Angeles Rovirosa
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(3):473-479.   Published online November 24, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.115
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Association between body mass index (BMI) and doses in organs at risk during postoperative vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VCB) treatment has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of BMI on the dose delivered to bladder and rectum during high-dose-rate VCB using computed tomography (CT) scans at every fraction.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis of 220 planning CT sets derived from 59 patients was conducted. Every planning CT was re-segmented and re-planned under the same parameters. Rectum and bladder dose-volume histogram values (D0.1cc, D1cc, and D2cc) were extracted and evaluated. The mean values for all applications per patient were calculated and correlated with BMI, as well as other factors influencing rectal and bladder doses. Multiple regression analysis performed to model organ at risk dose-volume parameters.
Results
According to World Health Organization (WHO), 6.8% of patients were normal, 35.6% were overweight, and 57.6% were class I obese. Median rectal doses were 133.5%, 110.9%, and 99.3% for D0.1cc, D1cc, and D2cc, respectively. The corresponding median bladder doses were 96.2%, 80.6%, and 73.3%, respectively. BMI did not show significant association with rectal doses. However, BMI did show a significant association with evaluated bladder dose metrics (D0.1cc, r=–0.366, p=0.004; D1cc, r=–0.454, p < 0.001; D2cc, r=–0.451, p < 0.001). BMI was retained in the multivariate regression models (D0.1cc, p=0.004; D1cc, p < 0.001; D2cc, p=0.001).
Conclusion
In this group of Mediterranean, overweight, and moderately obese patients, BMI showed association with lower bladder dose values, but not with rectal doses.

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  • Investigating the Influence of Body Mass Index on Organs at Risk Doses for Adjuvant High-Dose-Rate Vaginal Cuff Brachytherapy in Patients with Early-Stage Endometrial Carcinoma: A Single-Center Experience
    Alexandra Timea Kirsch-Mangu, Diana Cristina Pop, Alexandru Țipcu, Andrei-Rareș Avasi, Claudia Ordeanu, Ovidiu Florin Coza, Alexandru Irimie
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    Yaowen Zhang, Faegheh Noorian, Rosa Abellana, José Rochera, Antonio Herreros, Gabriela Antelo, Valentina Lancellotta, Luca Tagliaferri, Qian Han, Aureli Torne, Angeles Rovirosa
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    Chris Osam Doudoo, Prince Kwabena Gyekye, Geoffrey Emi-Reynolds, Simon Adu, David Okoh Kpeglo, Samuel Nii Adu Tagoe, Kofi Agyiri
    Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences.2023; 54(2): 335.     CrossRef
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    Sebastia Sabater, Marina Gascon, Manuel Gutierrez-Perez, Roberto Berenguer, Ellen M. Donovan, Emma J. Harris, Meritxell Arenas
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    Sebastia Sabater, Ignacio Andres, Veronica Lopez-Honrubia, Maria Magdalena Marti-Laosa, Susana Castro-Larefors, Roberto Berenguer, Esther Jimenez-Jimenez, Marimar Sevillano, Angeles Rovirosa, Meritxell Arenas
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    Anke Smits, Alberto Lopes, Ruud Bekkers, Leon Massuger, Khadra Galaal
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Effects of the Expression of Leptin and Leptin Receptor (OBR) on the Prognosis of Early-stage Breast Cancers
Yongnam Kim, Si-Young Kim, Jae Jin Lee, Jeongho Seo, Youn-Wha Kim, Suck Hwan Koh, Hwi-Joong Yoon, Kyung Sam Cho
Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(3):126-132.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.3.126
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

Obesity-related leptin and leptin receptor (OBR) have a relation to the development of cancer and metastasis and also the low survival rate for breast cancer patients. Leptin has been associated with increased aromatase activity and it displays functional cross-talk with estrogen. This study was designed to determine the relationship between the expression of leptin and OBR in breast cancer tissue and the prognosis of early-stage breast cancer patients, and especially for the tamoxifen-treated patients.

Materials and Methods

Ninety-five patients with early-stage breast cancer and who had undergone surgical treatment at Kyung Hee University Hospital between January 1994 and June 2004 were analyzed. The surgical specimens underwent immunohistochemical analysis for leptin and OBR. The patients' survival and clinical characteristics were obtained from the medical records.

Results

Of the 95 patients, 79 (83%) and 32 (33.7%) showed the expression of leptin and OBR in breast cancer tissue, respectively. The expression of leptin and OBR in breast cancer tissue was not significantly related to the clinicopathological characteristics, including obesity, the expression of hormonal receptor, the HER-2/neu expression, menopause, stage and the nuclear grade. The expression of leptin and OBR was not significantly related to the overall disease-free survival (DFS). For the tamoxifen-treated postmenopausal obese patients, the DFS of the leptin-positive group was higher than that of the leptin-negative group (p=0.017).

Conclusion

The expression of leptin and OBR in breast cancer tissue may be not a prognostic factor for disease-free survival of breast cancer patients. In the future, further studies are needed to determine whether leptin expression could be a predictive factor for tamoxifen therapy in the postmenopausal obese subgroup among the early breast cancer patients.

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    Sooraj Kakkat, Prabhat Suman, Elba A. Turbat- Herrera, Seema Singh, Debanjan Chakroborty, Chandrani Sarkar
    Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Adana A.M. Llanos, John B. Aremu, Ting-Yuan David Cheng, Wenjin Chen, Marina A. Chekmareva, Elizabeth M. Cespedes Feliciano, Bo Qin, Yong Lin, Coral Omene, Thaer Khoury, Chi-Chen Hong, Song Yao, Christine B. Ambrosone, Elisa V. Bandera, Kitaw Demissie
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    Amirreza Hajati, Farshad Talebian, Asrin Babahajian, Nasrin Daneshkhah, Bayazid Ghaderi
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    Yan Li, Chunyan Yu, Weimin Deng
    European Journal of Pharmacology.2021; 899: 174019.     CrossRef
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    Mohamad Nidal Khabaz, Amer Abdelrahman, Nadeem Butt, Lila Damnhory, Mohamed Elshal, Alia M. Aldahlawi, Swsan Ashoor, Basim Al-Maghrabi, Pauline Dobson, Barry Brown, Kaltoom Al-Sakkaf, Mohmmad Al-Qahtani, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
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    Laetitia Delort, Adrien Rossary, Marie-Chantal Farges, Marie-Paule Vasson, Florence Caldefie-Chézet
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    Florence Caldefie-Chézet, Virginie Dubois, Laetitia Delort, Adrien Rossary, Marie-Paule Vasson
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    Mehmet Artac, Hakan Bozcuk, Aysel Kıyıcı, Orhan Onder Eren, Melih Cem Boruban, Mustafa Ozdogan
    Breast Cancer.2013; 20(2): 174.     CrossRef
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    Xiaofeng Chen, Xiaoming Zha, Wei Chen, Tingting Zhu, Jinrong Qiu, Oluf Dimitri Røe, Jun Li, Zhaoxia Wang, Yongmei Yin
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    Yuliang Li, Jianli Geng, Yongzheng Wang, Qinghua Lu, Yimeng Du, Wujie Wang, Zheng Li
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    Mehmet Artac, Kadri Altundag
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Obesity Related to Breast Cancer Risk by Hormonal Receptor Status
Keun Young Yoo, Sue Kyung Park, Daehee Kang
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(5):962-971.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
A hospital-based case-control study was designed to assess whether obesity may differ in breast cancer risk according to the estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) status.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Information on life-styles was obtained in a hospital-based cancer registry at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, 1988~1992. Newly diagnosed cases with breast cancer (n=1,154) and controls with no history of cancer (n=21,714) were selected. Body mass index with known and suspected risk factors for breast cancer was included simultaneously in the logistic regression model. Hypothesis tests for differences in odds ratios were done by Wald test based on the polytomous logistic regression models.
RESULTS
Both current weight and body mass index were significantly related to the risk of breast cancer; OR for body weight per 5 kg=1.11 (1.05~1.73), OR for body mass index per 10 kg/m2=1.54 (1.25~1.90). The risks of both body weight and body mass index, however, was not modified by ER, nor by PR.
CONCLUSION
This study strongly suggests that obesity may be associated with breast cancer risk. The possibility that obesity differs according to hormonal receptor status should be pursued in further studies.
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Relation between Body Size and Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer by Menopausal Status in Korea
Se Hyun Ahn, Mi Kyung Kim, Suk Il Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(1):72-81.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Because the breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality among women, it is important to identify modifiable risk factors for this disease. Some reported that overweight/obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer, but the results are not consistent. Human breast cancer has different characteristics according to the status of menopause (premenopause and postmenopause). For the premenopaused women, the majority of the relevant prospective studies support an inverse relationship between body mass index and the development of breast cancer. In contrast, for the postmenopaused women, a positive relationship between body mass index and development of breast cancer has been reported in only half of prospective studies on this topic. This study was undertaken to determine the role of body size and body mass index by status of menopause in development of breast cancer in Korea using retrospective case-control study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The breast cancer cases (n=683) and controls (n=501) were recruited from January 1993 to April 1998 at the Asan Medical Center. The authors collected information on demographic, reproductive and anthropometric characteristics by interviews. Quetelets index was calculated using height and weight. Multiple logistic regression was done to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) by menopausal status, controlling age, age at first full-tenn pregnancy, age at menarche, number of parity, family history of breast cancer.
RESULTS
Overall, there was a moderate, but significant association between obesity and breast cancer. Among premenopausal women, in comparison with women whose weights were less than 50 kg, the ORs for the upper quintile group of weight was 1.71 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01~2.89). The heaviest premenopausal women had a higher risk (OR=1.16, 95% CI, 1.05~1.29, P=0.005). The adjusted OR for the highest quintile of BMI relative to the lowest was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.18~3.45). Higher body mass index was significantly associated with increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer (OR=1.08, 95% CI, 1.02~1.15, P=0.006). Among postmenopausal women, higher body mass index and weight were associated with increased risk of breast cancer. In comparison with women whose weights were less than 50 kg, the OR for the upper quintile group of weight was 2.08 (95% CI, 1.064.08). The adjusted OR for the highest quintile of BMI relative to the lowest was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.02~4.01).
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that overweight/obesity may play an important role in the incidence of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer in Korea.
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