Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Genitourinary cancer

TNM-Based Head-to-Head Comparison of Urachal Carcinoma and Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Stage-Matched Analysis of a Large Multicenter National Cohort: Sang Hun Song, Jaewon Lee, Young Hwii Ko, Jong Wook Kim, Seung Il Jung, Seok Ho Kang, Jinsung Park, Ho Kyung Seo, Hyung Joon Kim, Byong Chang Jeong, Tae-Hwan Kim, Se Young Choi, Jong Kil Nam, Ja Yoon Ku, Kwan Joong Joo, Won Sik Jang, Young Eun Yoon, Seok Joong Yun, Sung-Hoo Hong, Jong Jin Oh; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1337-1345. Published online April 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.417

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Purpose
Outcome analysis of urachal cancer (UraC) is limited due to the scarcity of cases and different staging methods compared to urothelial bladder cancer (UroBC). We attempted to assess survival outcomes of UraC and compare to UroBC after stage-matched analyses.
Materials and Methods
Total 203 UraC patients from a multicenter database and 373 UroBC patients in single institution from 2000 to 2018 were enrolled (median follow-up, 32 months). Sheldon stage conversion to corresponding TNM staging for UraC was conducted for head-to-head comparison to UroBC. Perioperative clinical variables and pathological results were recorded. Stage-matched analyses for survival by stage were conducted.
Results
UraC patients were younger (mean age, 54 vs. 67 years; p < 0.001), with 163 patients (80.3%) receiving partial cystectomy and 23 patients (11.3%) radical cystectomy. UraC was more likely to harbor ≥ pT3a tumors (78.8% vs. 41.8%). While 5-year recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival were comparable between two groups (63.4%, 67%, and 62.1% in UraC and 61.5%, 75.9%, and 67.8% in UroBC, respectively), generally favorable prognosis for UraC in lower stages (pT1-2) but unfavorable outcomes in higher stages (pT4) compared to UroBC was observed, although only 5-year CSS in ≥ pT4 showed statistical significance (p=0.028). Body mass index (hazard ratio [HR], 0.929), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.921), pathologic T category (HR, 3.846), and lymphovascular invasion (HR, 1.993) were predictors of CSS for all patients.
Conclusion
Despite differing histology, UraC has comparable prognosis to UroBC with relatively favorable outcome in low stages but worse prognosis in higher stages. The presented system may be useful for future grading and risk stratification of UraC.

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Clinical Presentation and Targeted Interventions in Urachal Adenocarcinoma: A Single-Institution Case Series and Review of Emerging Therapies
Akshay Mathavan, Akash Mathavan, Rodrigo Murillo-Alvarez, Kriti Gera, Urszula Krekora, Aaron J. Winer, Mohit Mathavan, Ellery Altshuler, Brian Hemendra Ramnaraign
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer.2024; 22(1): 67. CrossRef
Robotic‐assisted approaches to urachal carcinoma: A comprehensive systematic review of the safety and efficacy outcomes
Caio Vinícius Suartz, Lucas Motta Martinez, Pedro Henrique Brito, Carlos Victori Neto, Maurício Dener Cordeiro, Luiz Antonio Assan Botelho, Fábio Pescarmona Gallucci, José Maurício Mota, William Carlos Nahas, Leopoldo Alves Ribeiro‐Filho
BJUI Compass.2024; 5(3): 327. CrossRef

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Pretreatment Lymph Node Metastasis as a Prognostic Significance in Cervical Cancer: Comparison between Disease Status: Soo Young Jeong, Hyea Park, Myeong Seon Kim, Jun Hyeok Kang, E Sun Paik, Yoo-Young Lee, Tae Joong Kim, Jeong Won Lee, Byoung-Gie Kim, Duk Soo Bae, Chel Hun Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(2):516-523. Published online October 29, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.328

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Purpose
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the most significant prognostic factor in cervical cancer that was recently incorporated into the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. This study was performed to evaluate whether the prognostic significance of LNM differs according to disease status.
Materials and Methods
Patients with FIGO stage IB or higher cervical cancer who had pretreatment computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging studies as well as long-term follow-up were enrolled in this retrospective study. The hazard ratio (HR) of Cox regression was used to determine the prognostic significance of LNM. The HRs were compared between the different tumor groups (based on stage, histology, tumor size, primary treatment, age, parametrium involvement, and lymphovascular space invasion).
Results
A total of 970 patients treated between January 1999 and December 2007 were included. The pretreatment LNM had prognostic significance in patients with stage IB1/IIA (HR for progression-free survival 2.10, p=0.001; HR for overall survival 1.99, p=0.005). However, the significance gradually decreased or disappeared with advancing stages. Similarly, the prognostic significance of the pretreatment LNM decreased with advancing disease status, including old age, parametrial involvement or lymphovascular space involvement. In contrast, the tumor size was associated with the prognostic significance of LNM with advancing status. The significance of the clinical LNM did not reflect the significance of the clinical stage. In contrast, the tumor size, parametrial involvement, and significance of the pathologic LNM reflected the clinical stage.
Conclusion
In patients with cervical cancer, pretreatment LNM on imaging has different clinical significance depending on the tumor status.

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Development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer due to oxidative stress
Amir Asotić, Memić Asotić, Muhamed Memić, Kerim Asotić, Amra Asotić
Sanamed.2024; 19(1): 39. CrossRef
Investigating and Analyzing Prognostic Factors and Their Impact on Recurrent Cervical Cancers
Ashish Uke, Shweta B Dahake, Anurag Luharia, Monika Luharia, Gaurav V Mishra, Chanrashekhar Mahakalkar
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Based on 3D-PDU and clinical characteristics nomogram for prediction of lymph node metastasis and lymph-vascular space invasion of early cervical cancer preoperatively
Shuang Dong, Yan-Qing Peng, Ya-Nan Feng, Xiao-Ying Li, Li-Ping Gong, Shuang Zhang, Xiao-Shan Du, Li-Tao Sun
BMC Women's Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Recent Advances in Cervical Cancer Management: A Review on Novel Prognostic Factors in Primary and Recurrent Tumors
Angela Santoro, Frediano Inzani, Giuseppe Angelico, Damiano Arciuolo, Emma Bragantini, Antonio Travaglino, Michele Valente, Nicoletta D’Alessandris, Giulia Scaglione, Stefania Sfregola, Alessia Piermattei, Federica Cianfrini, Paola Roberti, Gian Franco Za
Cancers.2023; 15(4): 1137. CrossRef
Identification of lymph node metastasis in pre‐operation cervical cancer patients by weakly supervised deep learning from histopathological whole‐slide biopsy images
Qingqing Liu, Nan Jiang, Yiping Hao, Chunyan Hao, Wei Wang, Tingting Bian, Xiaohong Wang, Hua Li, Yan zhang, Yanjun Kang, Fengxiang Xie, Yawen Li, XuJi Jiang, Yuan Feng, Zhonghao Mao, Qi Wang, Qun Gao, Wenjing Zhang, Baoxia Cui, Taotao Dong
Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(17): 17952. CrossRef
Roles of DWI and T2-weighted MRI volumetry in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion of stage IB–IIA cervical cancer
Y. Wang, X. Chen, H. Pu, Y. Yuan, S. Li, G. Chen, Y. Liu, H. Li
Clinical Radiology.2022; 77(3): 224. CrossRef
Risk Factor Assessment of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With FIGO Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer
Mu Xu, Xiaoyan Xie, Liangzhi Cai, Yongjin Xie, Qiao Gao, Pengming Sun
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) MR Quantification in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer (LACC): Preliminary Study on Assessment of Tumor Aggressiveness and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Miriam Dolciami, Silvia Capuani, Veronica Celli, Alessandra Maiuro, Angelina Pernazza, Innocenza Palaia, Violante Di Donato, Giusi Santangelo, Stefania Maria Rita Rizzo, Paolo Ricci, Carlo Della Rocca, Carlo Catalano, Lucia Manganaro
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(4): 638. CrossRef
The prognostic significance of pretreatment squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels in cervical cancer patients treated by concurrent chemoradiation therapy and a comparison of dosimetric outcomes and clinical toxicities between tomotherapy and volumetric
Yuan-Kai Cheng, Shih-Hsun Kuo, Heng-Hsuan Yen, Jing-Hu Wu, Yu-Chieh Chen, Ming-Yii Huang
Radiation Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
What MRI-based tumor size measurement is best for predicting long-term survival in uterine cervical cancer?
Njål Lura, Kari S. Wagner-Larsen, David Forsse, Jone Trovik, Mari K. Halle, Bjørn I. Bertelsen, Øyvind Salvesen, Kathrine Woie, Camilla Krakstad, Ingfrid S. Haldorsen
Insights into Imaging.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical value of MRI, serum SCCA, and CA125 levels in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis and para-uterine infiltration in cervical cancer
Chao Ran, Jian Sun, Yunhui Qu, Na Long
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A Novel Four-Gene Prognostic Signature as a Risk Biomarker in Cervical Cancer
Jun Wang, Hua Zheng, Yatian Han, Geng Wang, Yanbin Li, Cuida Meng
International Journal of Genomics.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef

10,375 View
223 Download
14 Web of Science
12 Crossref

Validation of the 8th AJCC Cancer Staging System for Pancreas Neuroendocrine Tumors Using Korean Nationwide Surgery Database: Yunghun You, Jin-Young Jang, Song Cheol Kim, Yoo-Seok Yoon, Joon Seong Park, Chol Kyoon Cho, Sang-Jae Park, Jae Do Yang, Woo Jung Lee, Tae Ho Hong, Keun Soo Ahn, Chi-Young Jeong, Hyeon Kook Lee, Seung Eun Lee, Young Hoon Roh, Hee Joon Kim, Hongbeom Kim, In Woong Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1639-1652. Published online April 19, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.023

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) included several significant changes. We aim to evaluate this staging system compared to the 7th edition AJCC staging system and European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society (ENETS) system.
Materials and Methods
We used Korean nationwide surgery database (2000-2014). Of 972 patients who had undergone surgery for PNET, excluding patients diagnosed with ENETS/World Health Organization 2010 grade 3 (G3), only 472 patients with accurate stage were included.
Results
Poor discrimination in overall survival rate (OSR) was noted between AJCC 8th stage III and IV (p=0.180). The disease-free survival (DFS) curves of 8th AJCC classification were well separated between all stages. Compared with stage I, the hazard ratio of II, III, and IV was 3.808, 13.928, and 30.618, respectively (p=0.007, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001). The curves of OSR and DFS of certain prognostic group in AJCC 7th and ENETS overlapped. In ENETS staging system, no significant difference in DFS between stage IIB versus IIIA (p=0.909) and IIIA versus IIIB (p=0.291). In multivariable analysis, lymphovascular invasion (p=0.002), perineural invasion (p=0.003), and grade (p < 0.001) were identified as independent prognostic factors for DFS.
Conclusion
This is the first large-scale validation of the AJCC 8th edition staging system for PNET. The revised 8th system provides better discrimination compared to that of the 7th edition and ENETS TNM system. This supports the clinical use of the system.

Citations

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Seminars in Cancer Biology.2025; 112: 112. CrossRef
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Subin Heo, Hyo Jung Park, Hyoung Jung Kim, Jung Hoon Kim, Seo Young Park, Kyung Won Kim, So Yeon Kim, Sang Hyun Choi, Jae Ho Byun, Song Cheol Kim, Hee Sang Hwang, Seung Mo Hong
Cancer Imaging.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Contemporary Approaches to the Surgical Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Akash Kartik, Valerie L. Armstrong, Chee-Chee Stucky, Nabil Wasif, Zhi Ven Fong
Cancers.2024; 16(8): 1501. CrossRef
Optimal surgical management of unifocal vs. multifocal NF-PNETs: a respective cohort study
Juwan Kim, Seung Soo Hong, Sung Hyun Kim, Ho Kyong Hwang, Chang Moo Kang
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Sho Kiritani, Junichi Arita, Yuichiro Mihara, Rihito Nagata, Akihiko Ichida, Yoshikuni Kawaguchi, Takeaki Ishizawa, Nobuhisa Akamatsu, Junichi Kaneko, Kiyoshi Hasegawa
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10,493 View
254 Download
34 Web of Science
33 Crossref

Prognostic Value and Staging Classification of Lymph Nodal Necrosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma after Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: Yanru Feng, Caineng Cao, Qiaoying Hu, Xiaozhong Chen; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1222-1230. Published online December 27, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.595

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‒determined lymph nodal necrosis (LNN) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and explore the feasibility of an N-classification system based on the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) system.
Materials and Methods
The MRI scans of 616 patients with newly diagnosed stage T1-4N1-3M0 NPC who were treated with definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were reviewed.
Results
Multivariate analysis showed that LNN was an independent negative prognostic predictor of distant metastasis free survival (hazard ratio, 1.634; 95% confidence interval, 1.023 to 2.609; p=0.040) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.154; 95% confidence interval, 1.282 to 3.620; p=0.004). Patients of classification N1 disease with LNN were reclassified as classification N2, and classification N2 disease with LNN as classification N3 in the proposed N-classification system. Correlation with death and distant failure was significant, and the total difference between N1 and N3 was wider with the proposed system.
Conclusion
MRI-determined LNN is an independent negative prognostic factor for NPC. The proposed N classification system is powerfully predictive.

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Shao-Bo Liang, Lu-Si Chen, Xing-Li Yang, Dan-Ming Chen, Dong-Hui Wang, Chun-Yan Cui, Chuan-Bo Xie, Li-Zhi Liu, Xiang-Ying Xu
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Wanpeng Li, Hanyu Lu, Huan Wang, Li Hu, Xicai Sun, Hongmeng Yu, Dehui Wang
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Hao Xu, Jieke Liu, Ying Huang, Peng Zhou, Jing Ren
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Long-term survival outcomes and adverse effects of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with IMRT in a non-endemic region: a population-based retrospective study
Man Xu, Jian Zang, Shanquan Luo, Jianhua Wang, Xuqi Li
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Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in Nasopharyngeal Cancer and Implication for TNM Staging by UICC: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Chi Leung Chiang, Qiaojuan Guo, Wai Tong Ng, Shaojun Lin, Tiffany Sze Wai Ma, Zhiyuan Xu, Youping Xiao, Jishi Li, Tianzhu Lu, Horace Cheuk Wai Choi, Wenqi Chen, Eric Sze Chun Chau, Peter Ho Yin Luk, Shao Hui Huang, Brian O’Sullivan, Jianji Pan, Anne Wing
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Xiaoshuang Niu, Fen Xue, Peiyao Liu, Chaosu Hu, Xiayun He
Translational Oncology.2021; 14(12): 101216. CrossRef
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Kuiyuan Liu, Siting Lin, Liangru Ke, Weixiong Xia, Chun Zhang, Jianpeng Li, Mingyong Gao, Mengyun Qiang, Xi Chen, Jia Liu, Chuanmiao Xie, Xiang Guo, Xing Lv
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The evolution of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging system over a 10-year period: implications for future revisions
Si-Qi Tang, Yan-Ping Mao, Cheng Xu, Rui Guo, Wen-Fei Li, Ling-Long Tang, Ying Sun, Jun Ma
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Patterns and Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Metastasis on Distant Metastasis and Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Study, 2006–2015
Yali Xu, Taoyuan Huang, Liqin Fan, Wei Jin, Xiaoming Chen, Jinhai Chen
Journal of Oncology.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Screening of key miRNAs and evaluation of their diagnostic and prognostic values in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Xianlu Zhuo, Wei Zhou, Huiping Ye, Dairong Li, Aoshuang Chang, Yongzhong Wu, Qi Zhou
Oncology Letters.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Comparison of the 7th and the 8th AJCC Staging System for Non-metastatic D2-Resected Lymph Node–Positive Gastric Cancer Treated with Different Adjuvant Protocols: Jeong Il Yu, Do Hoon Lim, Jeeyun Lee, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Seung Tae Kim, Su Jin Lee, Sung Kim, Tae Sung Sohn, Jun Ho Lee, Ji Yeong An, Min Gew Choi, Jae Moon Bae, Heejin Yoo, Kyunga Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):876-885. Published online October 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.401

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare prognostic differentiation performances of the 7th and the 8th edition of American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for gastric cancer (GC) patients.
Materials and Methods
A total of 1,633 GC patients who underwent curative D2 resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy alone (CA) or concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) from 2004 to 2013 were included. Concordance index (c-index) was applied to compare the discriminatory ability.
Results
In the 8th edition, migration of stage was detected in 248 patients (15.2%). Among them, 121 patients were up-staged while 127 patients were down-staged. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the discriminatory ability between the 7th and 8th editions. The new edition of staging system, however, showed a trend of better prognostic performance not only in recurrence-free survival (c-index=0.734; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.706 to 0.762 in the 7th edition vs. c-index=0.740; 95% CI, 0.712 to 0.768 in the 8th edition; p=0.14), but also in overall survival (c-index=0.717; 95% CI, 0.688 to 0.745 in the 7th edition vs. c-index=0.722; 95% CI, 0.694 to 0.751 in the 8th edition; p=0.19), especially in stage III. This finding was repeated in the subgroup analysis regardless of adjuvant CA or CCRT.
Conclusion
Generally, the 8th edition of AJCC staging system had failed to show a superior discriminatory ability for curatively D2 resected GC patients than the 7th edition, although there was a trend of better prognostic performance of the new edition, regardless of adjuvant treatment method.

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Construction of a modified TNM staging system and prediction model based on examined lymph node counts for gastric cancer patients at pathological stage N3
Hongyu Zhang, Nan Sun, Feng Li, Qiyang Wang, Zhao Sun, Yawei Zhang, Lei Wang, Chunlin Zhao, Yang Fu
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
An analysis of the relationship of triglyceride glucose index with gastric cancer prognosis: A retrospective study
Chao Cai, Cheng Chen, Xiuli Lin, Huihui Zhang, Mingming Shi, Xiaolei Chen, Weisheng Chen, Didi Chen
Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Revolutionizing T3-4N0-2M0 gastric cancer staging with an innovative pathologic N classification system
Kailai Yin, Xuanhong Jin, Yang Pan, Mengli Zi, Yingsong Zheng, Yubo Ma, Chuhong Pang, Kang liu, Jinxia Chen, Yizhou Wei, Dujiang Liu, Xiangdong Cheng, Li Yuan
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2024; 28(8): 1283. CrossRef
A Comprehensive Review of Prognostic Factors in Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Styliani Mantziari, Penelope St Amour, Francesco Abboretti, Hugo Teixeira-Farinha, Sergio Gaspar Figueiredo, Caroline Gronnier, Dimitrios Schizas, Nicolas Demartines, Markus Schäfer
Cancers.2023; 15(5): 1628. CrossRef
Normalization weighted combination scores re-evaluate TNM staging of gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study based on a multicenter database
Junpeng Wu, Hao Wang, Xin Yin, Yufei Wang, Zhanfei Lu, Jiaqi Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yingwei Xue
International Journal of Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Substage Increase in The AJCC Classification System Improves Prognostic Prediction in Stage III Gastric Cancer With Insufficient Lymph Nodes Removed
Ri-Sheng Zhao, Yi-Nan Liu, Wei-Gang Dai, Si-Le Chen, Jin-Ning Ye, Er-Tao Zhai, Shi-Rong Cai, Jian-Hui Chen
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Current therapeutic options for gastric adenocarcinoma
C.R. Akshatha, Smitha Bhat, R. Sindhu, Dharini Shashank, Sarana Rose Sommano, Wanaporn Tapingkae, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Shashanka K. Prasad
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2021; 28(9): 5371. CrossRef
Outcomes of Radiotherapy for Mesenchymal and Non-Mesenchymal Subtypes of Gastric Cancer
Jeong Il Yu, Hee Chul Park, Jeeyun Lee, Changhoon Choi, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park, Seung Tae Kim, Tae Sung Sohn, Jun Ho Lee, Ji Yeong An, Min Gew Choi, Jae Moon Bae, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Heewon Han, Kyunga Kim, Sung Kim, Do Hoon Lim
Cancers.2020; 12(4): 943. CrossRef

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Detected Intracranial Extension in the T4 Classification Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: Caineng Cao, Jingwei Luo, Li Gao, Junlin Yi, Xiaodong Huang, Suyan Li, Jianping Xiao, Zhong Zhang, Guozhen Xu; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):518-525. Published online August 24, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.299

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study was conducted is to identify the prognostic value and staging categories of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–detected intracranial extension in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to determine whether it is necessary to subclassify the T4 classification NPC.
Materials and Methods
A total of 335 nonmetastatic T4 classificationNPC patientswith MRI treated between March 2004 and June 2011 by radical IMRTwere included. The T4 classification patientswere subclassified into two grades (T4a, without intracranial extension vs. T4b, with intracranial extension) according to the site of invasion.
Results
The frequency of intracranial extensionwas 40.9% (137 of 335 patients). Multivariate analysis identified subclassification (T4a vs. T4b) as an independent prognostic factor for local failure-free survival (p=0.049; hazard ratio [HR], 0.498) and overall survival (p=0.004; HR, 0.572); however, it had no effect on regional failure-free survival or distant failure-free survival (p > 0.050).
Conclusion
For patients with T4 classification NPC, those with MRI-detected intracranial extension are more likely to experience local failure and death afterIMRT than patientswithout intracranial extension. According to the site of invasion, subclassification of T4 patients as T4a or T4b has prognostic value in NPC.

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Prognostic value of MR-detected mandibular nerve involvement: potential indication for future individual induction chemotherapy in T4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Wenjie Huang, Shuqi Li, Chao Luo, Zhiying Liang, Shumin Zhou, Haojiang Li, Yi Cai, Shaobo Liang, Guangying Ruan, Peiqiang Cai, Lizhi Liu
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(9): 5951. CrossRef
The application of 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with pterygopalatine fossa invasion
Bi Zhou, Zhuoyue Tang, Liang Lv, Jiayi Yu, Xiaojiao Li, Chao Yang, Shifeng Xiang, Zuhua Song, Dan Zhang
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2023; 96: 38. CrossRef
MRI-based random survival Forest model improves prediction of progression-free survival to induction chemotherapy plus concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locoregionally Advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Wei Pei, Chen Wang, Hai Liao, Xiaobo Chen, Yunyun Wei, Xia Huang, Xueli Liang, Huayan Bao, Danke Su, Guanqiao Jin
BMC Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Significance of boost dose for T4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma with residual primary lesion after intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Zhaodong Fei, Ting Xu, Xiufang Qiu, Mengying Li, Taojun Chen, Li Li, Chaoxiong Huang, Chuanben Chen
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2021; 147(7): 2047. CrossRef
Can Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Imaging be Used to Differentiate Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma From Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma?
Zongqiong Sun, Shudong Hu, Yuxi Ge, Linfang Jin, Jianfeng Huang, Weiqiang Dou
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2021; 53(4): 1140. CrossRef
Detailed analysis of recovery process of cranial nerve palsy after IMRT-based comprehensive treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Jian Zang, Yan Li, Shanquan Luo, Jianhua Wang, Bingxin Hou, Min Yao, Lina Zhao, Mei Shi
Radiation Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in Nasopharyngeal Cancer and Implication for TNM Staging by UICC: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Chi Leung Chiang, Qiaojuan Guo, Wai Tong Ng, Shaojun Lin, Tiffany Sze Wai Ma, Zhiyuan Xu, Youping Xiao, Jishi Li, Tianzhu Lu, Horace Cheuk Wai Choi, Wenqi Chen, Eric Sze Chun Chau, Peter Ho Yin Luk, Shao Hui Huang, Brian O’Sullivan, Jianji Pan, Anne Wing
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Locoregional Extension Patterns of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Detected by FDG PET/MR
Caineng Cao, Yuanfan Xu, Shuang Huang, Feng Jiang, Ting Jin, Qifeng Jin, Yonghong Hua, Qiaoying Hu, Xiaozhong Chen
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Orbital Metastases: A Systematic Review of Clinical Characteristics, Management Strategies, and Treatment Outcomes
Paolo Palmisciano, Gianluca Ferini, Christian Ogasawara, Waseem Wahood, Othman Bin Alamer, Aditya D. Gupta, Gianluca Scalia, Alexandra M. G. Larsen, Kenny Yu, Giuseppe E. Umana, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, Tarek Y. El Ahmadieh, Ali S. Haider
Cancers.2021; 14(1): 94. CrossRef
Prognostic efficacy of extensive invasion of primary tumor volume for T3-4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Fen Xue, Dan Ou, Xiaomin Ou, Xin Zhou, Chaosu Hu, Xiayun He
Oral Oncology.2020; 100: 104478. CrossRef
Clinical outcomes for nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension after taxane‐based induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemo‐radiotherapy in the modern era
Sarbani Ghosh‐Laskar, Avinash Pilar, Carlton Johnny, Kumar Prabhash, Amit Joshi, Jai Prakash Agarwal, Tejpal Gupta, Ashwini Budrukkar, Vedang Murthy, Monali Swain, Vanita Noronha, Vijay Maruthi Patil, Prathamesh Pai, Deepa Nair, Devendra Arvind Chaukar, S
World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.2020; 6(1): 25. CrossRef
Impact of Paranasal Sinus Invasion on Oncologic and Dosimetric Outcomes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Following Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy—Implications for Risk Stratification and Planning Optimization
Xin Zhou, Xiayun He, Fen Xue, Xiaomin Ou, Chaosu Hu
Frontiers in Oncology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of maximum MLC leaf speed on the quality of volumetric modulated arc therapy plans
Jiayun Chen, Weijie Cui, Qi Fu, Haojia Zhang, Xiaodong Huang, Fei Han, Wenlong Xia, Bin Liang, Jianrong Dai
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics.2020; 21(11): 37. CrossRef
Paranasal Sinus Invasion in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma after Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy
Caineng Cao, Feng Jiang, Qifeng Jin, Ting Jin, Shuang Huang, Qiaoying Hu, Yuanyuan Chen, Yongfeng Piao, Yonghong Hua, Xinglai Feng, Xiaozhong Chen
Cancer Research and Treatment.2019; 51(1): 73. CrossRef
Grading of MRI–detected skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with skull-base invasion after intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Yanru Feng, Caineng Cao, Qiaoying Hu, Xiaozhong Chen
Radiation Oncology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Locoregional extension and patterns of failure for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with intracranial extension
Caineng Cao, Feng Jiang, Qifeng Jin, Ting Jin, Shuang Huang, Qiaoying Hu, Yuanyuan Chen, Yongfeng Piao, Yonghong Hua, Xinglai Feng, Xiaozhong Chen
Oral Oncology.2018; 79: 27. CrossRef
Dosimetric comparison and observation of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Rongqiang Pan, Jingming Wang, Feng Qi, Ruizhen Liu
Oncology Letters.2017; 14(4): 4741. CrossRef

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Preliminary Suggestion about Staging of Anorectal Malignant Melanoma May Be Used to Predict Prognosis: Won Young Chae, Jong Lyul Lee, Dong-Hyung Cho, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Roh, Jin Cheon Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):240-249. Published online March 6, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.305

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Anorectal malignant melanomas (AMM) are rare and have poor survival. The study aims to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of patients with AMM, and to devise a staging system predictive of survival outcome.
Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective study of 28 patients diagnosed with, and treated for AMM. Patients classified by clinical staging of mucosal melanoma (MM) were reclassified via rectal and anal TNM staging. Survival outcomes were compared among patients grouped by the three different staging systems.
Results
The three staging systems were equated with similar figures for 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of patients diagnosed with stage I disease. Patients (n=19) diagnosed with MM stage II disease were reclassified by rectal TNM staging into three subgroups: IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC. For these patients, both 5-year OS and 5-year DFS differed significantly between the subgroups IIIA and IIIC (OS: IIIA vs. IIIC, 66.7% vs. 0%, p=0.002; DFS: IIIA vs. IIIC, 51.4% vs. 0%, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The accuracy of prognosis in patients diagnosed with AMM and lymph node metastasis has improved by using rectal TNM staging, which includes information regarding the number of lymph node metastases.

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Survival and Prognosis for Patients with Rectal Melanomas in the United States: A SEER-Based Study
Fan Zhang, Boqi Xu, Yao Peng, Runda Wu, Shan Tong, Zhongqi Mao
Journal of Investigative Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence and survival of patients with primary gastrointestinal melanoma: a population-based study
Yu Du, Xiaona Chang, Xiangxiang Li, Shugang Xing
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Melanoma anorrectal primario: reporte de un caso y revisión de una neoplasia infrecuente
Hernando Marulanda Fernández, Felipe Vera-Polanía, Juan Antonio Trejos Naranjo, Julian Ernesto Parga Bermudez, William Otero Regino
Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología.2023; 38(4): 504. CrossRef
A New Anorectal Melanoma Cell Line Derived from a Primary Human Rectal Tumor
Seiichi Shinji, Yuuki Shichi, Takeshi Yamada, Goro Takahashi, Ryo Ohta, Hiromichi Sonoda, Akihisa Matsuda, Kazuhide Yonaga, Takuma Iwai, Kohki Takeda, Koji Ueda, Sho Kuriyama, Toshimitsu Miyasaka, Yoshibumi Ueda, Norihiko Sasaki, Kimimasa Takahashi, Ryuji
Journal of Nippon Medical School.2022; 89(4): 368. CrossRef
Difficulties in diagnosing anorectal melanoma: A case report and review of the literature
Raluca Cristina Apostu, Elena Stefanescu, Radu Razvan Scurtu, Gabriel Kacso, Radu Drasovean
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2021; 9(36): 11369. CrossRef
Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Patients with Anorectal Malignant Melanoma; Results of Nine Cases in a Single Institution
Tomoyuki Nagaoka, Toshiya Nagasaki, Takashi Akiyoshi, Toshiki Mukai, Tomohiro Yamaguchi, Eiji Shinozaki, Yosuke Fukunaga
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2021; 5(2): 192. CrossRef
Management and outcomes of primary anorectal melanoma in the United States
Hari Menon, Roshal R Patel, Taylor R Cushman, Arya Amini, Steven N Seyedin, Anngela C Adams, Chi Lin, Vivek Verma
Future Oncology.2020; 16(8): 329. CrossRef
Melanoma anal, una patología radicalmente distinta al melanoma cutáneo, con un pronóstico infausto
Mireia Merichal Resina, Carlos Cerdan Santacruz, Enrique Sierra Grañón, Jordi Antoni Tarragona Foradada, Jorge Juan Olsina Kissler
Cirugía Española.2020; 98(8): 491. CrossRef
Anal Melanoma, a Radically Different Pathology to the Cutaneous Melanoma, With an Infaustic Forecast
Mireia Merichal Resina, Carlos Cerdan Santacruz, Enrique Sierra Grañón, Jordi Antoni Tarragona Foradada, Jorge Juan Olsina Kissler
Cirugía Española (English Edition).2020; 98(8): 491. CrossRef
Beyond adenocarcinoma: MRI of uncommon rectal neoplasms and mimickers
David D. B. Bates, Maria Clara Fernandes de Paula, Natally Horvat, Shannon Sheedy, Chandana Lall, Zahra Kassam, Perry Pickhardt, Neeraj Lalwani, Dhakshinamoorthy Ganeshan, Iva Petkovska
Abdominal Radiology.2019; 44(11): 3581. CrossRef
Prognostic factors in primary anorectal melanoma: a clinicopathological study of 60 cases in China
Min Ren, Yawen Lu, Jiaojie Lv, Xuxia Shen, Jincheng Kong, Bo Dai, Yunyi Kong
Human Pathology.2018; 79: 77. CrossRef

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A Distribution Weighted Prognostic Scoring Model for Node Status in Advanced Rectal Cancer: Kwang-Hee Yeo, Ho Hyun Kim, Dong-Yi Kim, Young-Jin Kim, Jae-Kyun Ju; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(1):41-47. Published online January 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.41

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
There are various lymph node-based staging systems. Nevertheless, there is debate over the use of parameters such as the number of involved lymph nodes and the lymph node ratio. As a possible option, the distribution of metastatic lymph nodes may have a prognostic significance in rectal cancer. This study is designed to evaluate the impact of distribution-weighted nodal staging on oncologic outcome in rectal cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From a prospectively maintained colorectal cancer database of our institution, a total of 435 patients who underwent a curative low anterior resection for mid and upper rectal cancer between 1995 and 2004 were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the location of apical metastatic nodes. A location-weighted prognostic score was calculated by a scoring model using a logistic regression test for location based-statistical weight to number of lymph nodes. All cases were categorized in quartiles from lymph node I to lymph node IV using this protocol.
RESULTS
The location of lymph node metastasis was an independent factor that was associated with a poor prognostic outcome (p<0.001). Based on this result, the location-weighted-nodal prognostic scoring model did not show lesser significant results (p<0.0001) in both overall survival and cancer-free survival analyses.
CONCLUSION
The location of apical nodes among the metastatic nodes does not have a lesser significant impact on oncologic result in patients with advanced rectal cancer. A location-weighted prognostic scoring model, which considered the numbers of involved lymph nodes as the rate of significance according to the location, may more precisely predict the survival outcome in patients with lymph node metastasis.

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Prognostic factors for T1-2 colorectal cancer after radical resection: Lymph node distribution is a valuable predictor of its survival
Xing Huang, Hao Liu, Xiangqi Liao, Zhigang Xiao, Zhongcheng Huang, Guoxin Li
Asian Journal of Surgery.2021; 44(1): 241. CrossRef
Chemical shift effect predicting lymph node status in rectal cancer using high-resolution MR imaging with node-for-node matched histopathological validation
Hongmei Zhang, Chongda Zhang, Zhaoxu Zheng, Feng Ye, Yuan Liu, Shuangmei Zou, Chunwu Zhou
European Radiology.2017; 27(9): 3845. CrossRef
Prognostic impact of lymph node skip metastasis in Stage III colorectal cancer
F. Bao, L.‐y. Zhao, A. I. Balde, H. Liu, J. Yan, T.‐t. Li, H. Chen, G.‐x. Li
Colorectal Disease.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Impact of Distribution of Lymph Node Metastases in Stage III Colon Cancer
Toshiya Nagasaki, Takashi Akiyoshi, Yoshiya Fujimoto, Tsuyoshi Konishi, Satoshi Nagayama, Yosuke Fukunaga, Masami Arai, Masashi Ueno
World Journal of Surgery.2015; 39(12): 3008. CrossRef
Five-year outcomes of preoperative chemoradiation for rectal carcinoma in Saudi population: single-institutional experience
Eyad Fawzi AlSaeed, Mutahir Tunio, Ahmad Zubaidi, Omar Al-Obaid, Abdullah Kamal Ahmed, Omar Abdulmohsen Al-Omar, Emad Ahmed Abid, Mohammed Jaber Alsiwat
Annals of Saudi Medicine.2015; 35(1): 23. CrossRef

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