Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a fatal manifestation of metastatic breast cancer. Investigation of intrathecal (IT) trastuzumab for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is currently underway; however, there has been no consensus. We report on two cases of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer following IT trastuzumab for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. The first patient was treated with weekly IT 15 mg methotrexate plus IT 50 mg trastuzumab for 7 months, followed by IT trastuzumab (50 mg > 25 mg) for 18 months. The other patient received IT trastuzumab with systemic chemotherapy (trastuzumab and/or paclitaxel) for 13 months. Good control of leptomeningeal disease was achieved with IT trastuzumab in both patients, with survival durations of 20 and 29 months, respectively. We suggest that IT trastuzumab is a promising treatment for patients with HER2+ breast cancer and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
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PURPOSE Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis occurs in about 5% of patients with solid tumor and is being diagnosed with increasing frequency as patients live longer and as neuro-imaging studies improve. In general, the most commom cancers that involved the leptomeninges are breast cancer, lung cancer, and malignant melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated 25 patients presented with multiple neurologic symptoms and signs who were diagnosed with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis at the Yonsei Cancer Center from January 1990 to December 1999. RESULTS The primary disease of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis were stomach cancer (10 cases), breast cancer (7 cases), lung cancer (5 cases), unknown primary cancer (2 cases) and common bile duct cancer (1 case). All patients were presented with multiple neurologic symptoms and signs involving the central nervous system (CNS), cranial nerve or spinal nerves. Twenty-one of twenty- five patients were treated with intrathecal chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combination therapy. Fourteen of them (66.7%) experienced improvement or stabilization of neurologic symptom and sign.
The median survival was 122 days (10-2190). CONCLUSION In conclusion, although early diagnosis and active treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis may improve the quality of life in selected patients, the median survival was relatively short. Therefore, new diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis were needed.
Yoon Soo Chang, Jeong Hun Seo, Ruth Lee, Joong Bae Ahn, Kwang Yong Shim, Soo Jung Gong, Hwa Young Lee, Sun Young Rha, Nae Choon Yoo, Chang Ok Suh, Joo Hang Kim, Jae Kyung Rho, Kyong Sik Lee, Jin Sik Min, Byung Soo Kim, Hyun Cheol Chung
PURPOSE Brain metastasis is estimated to occur in 20 to 40% of cancer patients, and meningeal involvement has been reported in 5% to 8% of cancer patients. Even if the prognosis is grave, standard treatment modality of brain metastasis or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis has not been established. We evaluated the prognosis and the clinical features of the brain and leptomeningeal metastasis of the breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 43 patients who was diagnosed as brain parenchymal metastasis or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis clinically, radiologically and/or cytologically were included in this study. The median age was 44(range: 27-61) years. RESULTS The median duration from brain metastasis to death was 181 days(range: 8~1599), and the median duration from leptomeningeal carcinomatosis to death was 39 days(range: 25~152). Age(p=0.7174) and number of brain metastatic lesion(p=0.4097) did not influence the survival, but the presence of other systemic metastatic lesion affected the survival(p 0.0224). When we compared the survival rates of patients according to treatment modality, the patients with systemic chemotherapy versus patients without systemic chemotherapy showed differences(p= 0.0009). Patients treated with whole brain radiation only versus patients with whole brain radiation and other systemic management also showed different survival rate(p=0.0009). But intrathecal chemotherapy had no effect on survival. Well differentiated, solitary lesions were treated by operation and/or gamma-knife surgery, and their effects were good. CONCLUSION Prolongation of survival was suggested with whole brain radiotherapy combined with systemic treatment in brain or leptomeningeal metastasis. Further study is expected to confirm this finding.