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21 "Irinotecan"
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Original Articles
A Multicenter Phase II Study of Modified FOLFIRINOX for First-line Treatment for Advanced Urachal Cancer (ULTMA; KCSG GU20-03)
Inkeun Park, Jae Lyun Lee, Shinkyo Yoon, Sang Joon Shin, Seong-Hoon Shin, Jung Hoon Kim, Kwonoh Park, Hyo Jin Lee
Received December 21, 2024  Accepted February 12, 2025  Published online February 13, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1231    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
To assess the efficacy and safety of the first-line modified FOLFIRINOX in patients with advanced urachal cancer.
Materials and Methods
The ULTIMA trial (NCT04611724) is a single-arm, open-label, multicenter phase II study evaluating modified FOLFIRINOX (Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 over 2 hours, Irinotecan 150 mg/m2 over 1.5 hours, Leucovorin 400 mg/m2 over 2 hours, and 5-FU 2400 mg/m2 over 46 hours) plus prophylactic pegteograstim in patients with recurrent or metastatic urachal cancer every 2 weeks for up to 12 cycles, or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the incidence of febrile neutropenia.
Results
Between April 2021 and November 2023, 21 patients with advanced urachal cancer were enrolled across five cancer centers. The median age was 50 (28–68), with 15 male patients. The most common metastatic site was the lung (47.6%), followed by lymph nodes (38.1%) and peritoneal seeding (33.3%). Two patients and 11 patients achieved a complete and partial response, respectively, yielding an ORR of 61.9%. The study met its primary endpoint in the first stage. With a median follow-up of 23.3 months, the median PFS was 9.3 months (95% CI, 6.7–11.9), and the median OS was 19.7 months (95% CI, 14.3–25.1). The treatment regimen was well tolerated, with no unexpected adverse events, and no instances of febrile neutropenia or grade 4 adverse events.
Conclusion
In this preliminary analysis of ULTIMA trial, Modified FOLFIRINOX demonstrated a promising ORR and PFS in patients with advanced urachal cancer. Completing the full study is essential to confirm the potential role of this regimen in the management of advanced urachal cancer.
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The Synergistic Effect of PARP Inhibitors and Irinotecan in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Songji Oh, Soyeon Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Jeonghwan Youk, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Miso Kim
Received August 1, 2024  Accepted January 6, 2025  Published online January 7, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.728    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study focused on combining irinotecan with Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to explore the potential for novel combination therapeutics in small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Materials and Methods
We selected 10 different SCLC cell lines with diverse mutational backgrounds in DNA damage response (DDR) pathway genes to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of three PARP inhibitors and irinotecan. After the cells were exposed to the drugs for seven days, cell viability was measured, and a combination index was calculated. Apoptotic signaling was assessed via western blot, and DNA damage was evaluated using an alkaline comet assay.
Results
We assessed the synergistic effects of PARP inhibitors and irinotecan in in vitro SCLC models, which revealed increased sensitivity, particularly in cells harboring BRCA mutations. However, even in cells lacking mutations in DNA damage response pathway genes, the combination of the two drugs exhibited a synergistic effect. When treated with 50 nM irinotecan, the IC50 fold changes for PARP inhibitors were: olaparib, 1649 ± 4049; talazoparib, 25 ± 34.21; venadaparib, 336 ± 596.01. This combination enhanced apoptosis signaling and increased p-chk1 and p-p53 protein levels. Additionally, the treatment of PARP inhibitor with irinotecan increased DNA damage, as visualized by the alkaline comet assay.
Conclusion
This study provides preclinical evidence of the potential clinical benefits of combining irinotecan with PARP inhibitors in SCLC. Further clinical investigations are warranted to validate these findings for the development of more effective and personalized therapeutic strategies for SCLC patients.
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Second-Line Fluoropyrimidine-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: A Meta-analysis Based on Individual Patient-Level Data of Randomized Trials
Jaewon Hyung, Minsu Kang, Ilhwan Kim, Kyu-pyo Kim, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Jaekyung Cheon, Hyewon Ryu, Ji Sung Lee, Ji-Won Kim, In Sil Choi, Jin Hyun Park, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Jin Won Kim, Changhoon Yoo
Received July 16, 2024  Accepted October 15, 2024  Published online October 17, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.652    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
While fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens are recommended second-line treatment for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC), there have been no studies comparing different regimens head-to-head.
Materials and Methods
We performed individual patient-level meta-analysis based on data from the intention-to-treat population of the phase 2b NIFTY trial (liposomal irinotecan [nal-IRI] plus fluorouracil and leucovorin [5-FU/LV] vs. 5-FU/LV; NCT03542508) and the phase 2 FIReFOX trial (modified oxaliplatin plus 5-FU/LV [mFOLFOX] vs. modified irinotecan plus 5-FU/LV [mFOLFIRI]; NCT03464968). Pairwise log-rank tests and multivariable analysis using Cox proportional hazards modeling with shared frailty to account for the trial's effect were used to compare overall survival (OS) between regimens.
Results
A total of 277 patients were included. The nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV group (n=88) showed significantly better OS compared to the mFOLFOX group (n=49, pairwise log-rank, p=0.02), and mFOLFIRI group (n=50, p =0.03). Multivariable analysis showed consistent trends in OS with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.39 (mFOLFOX vs nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV, 95% CI 0.93-2.07, p=0.11) and 1.36 (mFOLFIRI vs nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV, 95% CI 0.92-2.03, p=0.13), respectively. Compared to the 5-FU/LV group, the mFOLFOX group and the mFOLFIRI group did not show differences in terms of OS (pairwise log-rank p=0.83 and p=0.58, respectively). The nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV group experienced more frequent diarrhea, while the mFOLFOX group experienced peripheral neuropathy.
Conclusion
Nal-IRI plus 5-FU/LV showed favorable survival outcomes compared to mFOLFOX, mFOLFIRI, or 5-FU/LV. The safety profiles of these regimens should be considered along with efficacy.
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Gastrointestinal cancer
A Phase 1b/2a Study of GC1118 with 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin and Irinotecan (FOLFIRI) in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Keun-Wook Lee, Sae-Won Han, Tae Won Kim, Joong Bae Ahn, Ji Yeon Baek, Sang Hee Cho, Howard Lee, Jin Won Kim, Ji-Won Kim, Tae-You Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Seung-Hoon Beom, Yongjun Cha, Yoonjung Choi, Seonhui Kim, Yung-Jue Bang
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):590-601.   Published online December 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1117
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
GC1118 is a novel antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with enhanced blocking activity against both low- and high-affinity EGFR ligands. A phase 1b/2a study was conducted to determine a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of GC1118 in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) (phase 1b) and to assess the safety and efficacy of GC1118 plus FOLFIRI as a second-line therapy for recurrent/metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) (phase 2a).
Materials and Methods
Phase 1b was designed as a standard 3+3 dose-escalation study with a starting dose of GC1118 (3 mg/kg/week) in combination with biweekly FOLFIRI (irinotecan 180 mg/m2; leucovorin 400 mg/m2; 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 bolus and 2,400 mg/m2 infusion over 46 hours) in patients with solid tumors refractory to standard treatments. The subsequent phase 2a part was conducted with objective response rate (ORR) as a primary endpoint. Patients with KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild-type, EGFR-positive, recurrent/metastatic CRC resistant to the first-line treatment were enrolled in the phase 2a study.
Results
RP2D of GC1118 was determined to be 3 mg/kg/wk in the phase 1b study (n=7). Common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) observed in the phase 2a study (n=24) were acneiform rash (95.8%), dry skin (66.7%), paronychia (58.3%), and stomatitis (50.0%). The most common ADR of ≥ grade 3 was neutropenia (33.3%). ORR was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.5 to 62.0), and median progression-free survival was 6.7 months (95% CI, 4.0-8.0).
Conclusion
GC1118 administered weekly at 3 mg/kg in combination with FOLFIRI appears as an effective and safe treatment option in recurrent/metastatic CRC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Drug combinations of camptothecin derivatives promote the antitumor properties
    Zhen Liu, Yajie Yuan, Ning Wang, Peng Yu, Yuou Teng
    European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 279: 116872.     CrossRef
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
A Randomized Phase II Study of Irinotecan Plus Cisplatin with or without Simvastatin in Ever-Smokers with Extended Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer
Youngjoo Lee, Soo-Hyun Lee, Geon Kook Lee, Eun Jin Lim, Ji-Youn Han
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):885-893.   Published online March 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.283
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study evaluated whether an addition of simvastatin to chemotherapy improves survival in ever-smokers with extensive disease (ED)–small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Materials and Methods
This is an open-label randomized phase II study conducted in National Cancer Center (Goyang, Korea). Chemonaive patients with ED-SCLC, smoking history (≥ 100 cigarettes lifetime), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≤ 2 were eligible. Patients were randomized to receive irinotecan plus cisplatin alone or with simvastatin (40 mg once daily orally) for a maximum of six cycles. Primary endpoint was the the 1-year survival rate.
Results
Between September 16, 2011, and September 9, 2021, 125 patients were randomly assigned to the simvastatin (n=62) or control (n=63) groups. The median smoking pack year was 40 years. There was no significant difference in the 1-year survival rate between the simvastatin and control groups (53.2% vs. 58.7%, p=0.535). The median progression-free survival and overall survival between the simvastatin arm vs. the control groups were 6.3 months vs. 6.4 months (p=0.686), and 14.4 months vs. 15.2 months, respectively (p=0.749). The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events was 62.9% in the simvastatin group and 61.9% in the control group. In the exploratory analysis of lipid profiles, patients with hypertriglyceridemia had significantly higher 1-year survival rates than those with normal triglyceride levels (80.0% vs. 52.7%, p=0.046).
Conclusion
Addition of simvastatin to chemotherapy provided no survival benefit in ever-smokers with ED-SCLC. Hypertriglyceridemia may be associated with better prognosis in these patient population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    David J. Benjamin, Alyson Haslam, Vinay Prasad
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    Tony Yu, Benjamin H. Lok
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Pediatric cancer
Vincristine, Irinotecan, and Temozolomide as a Salvage Regimen for Relapsed or Refractory Sarcoma in Children and Young Adults
Hee Young Ju, Meerim Park, Jun Ah Lee, Hyeon Jin Park, Seog Yun Park, June Hyuk Kim, Hyun Guy Kang, Hee Chul Yang, Byung-Kiu Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):563-571.   Published online June 14, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.178
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
No standard salvage regimen is available for relapsed or refractory sarcoma. We investigated the efficacy and toxicity of the vincristine, irinotecan, and temozolomide combination (VIT) for relapsed or refractory sarcomas of variable histology in children and young adults.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed data from the relapsed or refractory sarcoma patients who were treated with VIT. The VIT protocol was given every 3 weeks as follows: vincristine, 1.5 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1, irinotecan, 50 mg/m2/day intravenously on days 1-5, and temozolomide, 100 mg/m2/day orally on days 1-5.
Results
A total of 26 patients (12 males) with various sarcoma histology were included in the study. Most common diagnosis was rhabdomyosarcoma (n=8) followed by osteosarcoma (n=7). Median age at the start of VIT was 18.5 years (range, 2.0 to 39.9). VIT was delivered as 2nd to 7th line of treatment, with 4th line most common (9/26, 34.6%). Median number of VIT courses given was 3 (range, 1 to 18). Of the 25 evaluable patients, there was two partial response (PR) and 11 stable disease (SD) with an overall control rate (complete remission+PR+SD) of 52%. PR was seen in one (50%) of the two evaluable patients with Ewing sarcoma and one (14.3%) of the seven patients with osteosarcoma. Overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 79.3% and 33.9% at 1 year, and 45.5% and 25.4% at 2 years, respectively. There was no treatment-related mortality.
Conclusion
The VIT regimen was effective and relatively safe in our cohort of sarcoma patients.

Citations

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  • MGMT protein expression is a reliable predictive biomarker for temozolomide‐containing chemotherapy in osteosarcoma
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Characterization of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Harboring the Human IFNB1 and CES2 Transgenes
Euna Cho, S M Bakhtiar Ul Islam, Fen Jiang, Ju-Eun Park, Bora Lee, Nam Deuk Kim, Tae-Ho Hwang
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):309-319.   Published online August 6, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.161
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of SJ-815, a novel oncolytic vaccinia virus lacking a functional thymidine kinase-encoding TK gene, and instead, having two human transgenes: the IFNB1 that encodes interferon β1, and the CES2 that encodes carboxylesterase 2, which metabolizes the prodrug, irinotecan, into cytotoxic SN-38.
Materials and Methods
Viral replication and dissemination of SJ-815 were measured by plaque assay and comet assay, respectively, and compared to the backbone of SJ-815, a modified Western Reserve virus named WI. Tumor cytotoxicity of SJ-815 (or mSJ-815, which has the murine IFNB1 transgene for mouse cancers) was evaluated using human and mouse cancer cells. Antitumor effects of SJ-815, with/without irinotecan, were evaluated using a human pancreatic cancer-bearing mouse model and a syngeneic melanoma-bearing mouse model. The SN-38/ irinotecan ratios in mouse melanoma tissue 4 days post irinotecan treatment were compared between groups with and without SJ-815 intravenous injection.
Results
SJ-815 demonstrated significantly lower viral replication and dissemination, but considerably stronger in vitro tumor cytotoxicity than WI. The combination use of SJ-815 plus irinotecan generated substantial tumor regression in the human pancreatic cancer model, and significantly prolonged survival in the melanoma model (hazard ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.50; p=0.013). The tumor SN-38/irinotecan ratios were over 3-fold higher in the group with SJ-815 than those without (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
SJ-815 demonstrates distinct characteristics gained from the inserted IFNB1 and CES2 transgenes. The potent antitumor effects of SJ-815, particularly when combined with irinotecan, against multiple solid tumors make SJ-815 an attractive candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies.

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Randomized Phase III Trial of Irinotecan Plus Cisplatin versus Etoposide Plus Cisplatin in Chemotherapy-Naïve Korean Patients with Extensive-Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer
Dong-Wan Kim, Hoon-Gu Kim, Joo-Hang Kim, Keunchil Park, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Joung Soon Jang, Bong-Seog Kim, Jin-Hyoung Kang, Kyung Hee Lee, Sang-We Kim, Hun Mo Ryoo, Jin-Soo Kim, Ki Hyeong Lee, Jung Hye Kwon, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Sang Won Shin, Seokyung Hahn, Dae Seog Heo
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):119-127.   Published online March 12, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.019
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This randomized phase III study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of irinote-can plus cisplatin (IP) over etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) in Korean patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Materials and Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to receive IP, composed of irinotecan 65 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8+cisplatin 70 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks, or EP, composed of etoposide 100 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 2, 3+cisplatin 70 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1, every 3 weeks for a maximum of six cycles, until disease progression, or until unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary endpoint was overall survival.
Results
A total of 362 patients were randomized to IP (n=173) and EP (n=189) arms. There were no significant differences between IP and EP arms for the median overall survival (10.9 months vs. 10.3 months, p=0.120) and the median progression-free survival (6.5 months vs. 5.8 months, p=0.115). However, there was a significant difference in response rate (62.4% vs. 48.2%, p=0.006). The pre-planned subgroup analyses showed that IP was associated with longer overall survival in male (11.3 months vs. 10.1 months, p=0.036), < 65 years old (12.7 months vs. 11.3 months, p=0.024), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0/1 (12.4 months vs. 10.9 months, p=0.040) patient groups. The severity of treatment-related adverse events such as grade 3/4 anemia, nausea and diarrhea was more frequent in patients treated with IP.
Conclusion
The IP chemotherapy did not significantly improve the survival compared with EP chemotherapy in Korean patients with extensive-disease SCLC.

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Randomized Open Label Phase III Trial of Irinotecan Plus Capecitabine versus Capecitabine Monotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated with Anthracycline and Taxane: PROCEED Trial (KCSG BR 11-01)
In Hae Park, Seock-Ah Im, Kyung Hae Jung, Joo Hyuk Sohn, Yeon Hee Park, Keun Seok Lee, Sung Hoon Sim, Kyong-Hwa Park, Jee Hyun Kim, Byung Ho Nam, Hee-Jun Kim, Tae-Yong Kim, Kyung-Hun Lee, Sung-Bae Kim, Jin-Hee Ahn, Suee Lee, Jungsil Ro
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):43-52.   Published online February 14, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.562
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
We investigated whether irinotecan plus capecitabine improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with capecitabine alone in patients with human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) negative and anthracycline and taxane pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
Materials and Methods
A total of 221 patients were randomly assigned to irinotecan (80 mg/m2, days 1 and 8) and capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2 twice a day, days 1-14) or capecitabine alone (1,250 mg/m2 twice a day, days 1-14) every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was PFS.
Results
There was no significant difference in PFS between the combination and monotherapy arm (median, 6.4 months vs. 4.7 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 1.11; p=0.84). In patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, n=90), the combination significantly improved PFS (median, 4.7 months vs. 2.5 months; HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.91; p=0.02). Objective response rate was numerically higher in the combination arm, though it failed to reach statistical significance (44.4% vs. 33.3%, p=0.30). Overall survival did not differ between arms (median, 20.4 months vs. 24.0 months; p=0.63). While grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was more common in the combination arm (39.6% vs 9.0%), hand-foot syndrome was more often observed in capecitabine arm. Quality of life measurements in global health status was similar. However, patients in the combination arm showed significantly worse symptom scales especially in nausea/vomiting and diarrhea.
Conclusion
Irinotecan plus capecitabine did not prove clinically superior to single-agent capecitabine in anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated HER2 negative MBC patients. Toxicity profiles of the two groups differed but were manageable. The role of added irinotecan in patients with TNBC remains to be elucidated.

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Multicenter Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, and S-1 as First-line Treatment for Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer
Changhoon Yoo, Boram Han, Hyeong Su Kim, Kyu-pyo Kim, Deokhoon Kim, Jae Ho Jeong, Jae-Lyun Lee, Tae Won Kim, Jung Han Kim, Dae Ro Choi, Hong Il Ha, Jinwon Seo, Heung-Moon Chang, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Dae Young Zang
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(4):1324-1330.   Published online January 8, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.526
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Although gemcitabine plus cisplatin has been established as the standard first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC), overall prognosis remains poor. We investigated the efficacy of a novel triplet combination of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 (OIS) for advanced BTC.
Materials and Methods
Chemotherapy-naive patientswith histologically documented unresectable or metastatic BTC were eligible for this multicenter, single-arm phase II study. Patients received 65 mg/m2 oxaliplatin (day 1), 135 mg/m2 irinotecan (day 1), and 40 mg/m2 S-1 (twice a day, days 1-7) every 2 weeks. Primary endpoint was objective response rate. Targeted exome sequencing for biomarker analysis was performed using archival tissue.
Results
In total, 32 patients were enrolled between October 2015 and June 2016. Median age was 64 years (range, 40 to 76 years), with 24 (75%) male patients; 97% patients had metastatic or recurrent disease. Response rate was 50%, and median progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 6.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8 to 8.8) and 12.5 months (95% CI, 7.0 to 18.0), respectively. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were neutropenia (32%), diarrhea (6%), and peripheral neuropathy (6%). TP53 and KRAS mutations were the most frequent genomic alterations (42% and 32%, respectively), and KRAS mutations showed a marginal relationship with worse OS (p=0.07).
Conclusion
OIS combination chemotherapy was feasible and associated with favorable efficacy outcomes as a first-line treatment in patients with advanced BTC. Randomized studies are needed to compare OIS with gemcitabine plus cisplatin.

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Phase II Study of Irinotecan and Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy in Metastatic, Unresectable Esophageal Cancer
Miso Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae-Min Kim, Hoon-Gu Kim, Jin-Soo Kim, Sung Sook Lee, Seong Hoon Shin, Min Kyoung Kim, Keon Uk Park, Dong-Wan Kim, Hwan Jung Yun, Jong Seok Lee, Dae Seog Heo
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):416-422.   Published online July 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.121
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The objective of this multicenter phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of irinotecan and cisplatin combination chemotherapy in metastatic, unresectable esophageal cancer.
Materials and Methods
Patients were treated with irinotecan 65 mg/m2 and cisplatin 30 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day treatment cycle. The primary endpoint was response rate, and secondary endpoints were survival, duration of response, initial metabolic response rate, and toxicity.
Results
A total of 27 patients with squamous cell histology were enrolled in the study. The median age of the patients was 61 years. The objective response rate of the 20 patients in the perprotocol group was 30.0% (90% confidence interval [CI], 13.2 to 46.9). The median follow-up duration was 10.0 months, and the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 4.5 months (95% CI, 1.6 to 6.2) and 8.8 months (95% CI, 4.7 to 10.5), respectively. Four of 13 patients (30.8%) evaluated showed initial metabolic response. The median duration of response for partial responders was 5.0 months (range, 3.4 to 8.0 months). The following grade 3/4 treatment-related hematologic toxicities were reported: neutropenia (40.7%), anaemia (22.2%), and thrombocytopenia (7.4%). Two patients experienced febrile neutropenia. The most common grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicities were asthenia (14.8%) and diarrhoea (11.1%).
Conclusion
Irinotecan and cisplatin combination chemotherapy showed modest anti-tumour activity and manageable toxicity for patients with metastatic, unresectable esophageal cancer.

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Meta-Analysis
Irinotecan Monotherapy Versus Irinotecan-Based Combination as Second-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Yo-Han Cho, So Young Yoon, Soo-Nyung Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):255-262.   Published online May 18, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.452
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the question of whether combination regimens are more effective than monotherapy as a second-line chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer.
Materials and Methods
The MEDLINE and the EMBASE databases and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials were searched using appropriate keywords. Only randomized controlled trials were eligible.
Results
Taxane-based study is rare; thus, four irinotecan-based studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. Out of 661 patients, 331 patients were assigned to combination therapy and 330 to monotherapy. Cisplatin or fluoropyrimidine (S-1 or 5-fluorouracil) was used as a combination partner to irinotecan. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) and for progression-free survival (PFS) was 0.938 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.796 to 1.104; p=0.442) and 0.815 (95% CI, 0.693 to 0.958; p=0.013). In subgroup analysis according to previous exposure to a partner agent, the PFS benefit of combination was observed only in the partially exposed group (HR, 0.784; 95% CI, 0.628 to 0.980; p=0.032).
Conclusion
Second-line irinotecan-based combination was not associated with increased OS, but with PFS benefit, which seemed particularly significant for patients receiving combination with a new agent.

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Original Articles
Outcomes of Third-Line Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer Who Failed Previous Oxaliplatin-Based and Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapies
Min Jeong Lee, In Gyu Hwang, Joung-Soon Jang, Jin Hwa Choi, Byeong-Bae Park, Myung Hee Chang, Seung Tae Kim, Se Hoon Park, Myoung Hee Kang, Jung Hun Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):235-241.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.235
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
Little is known about outcomes in the use of third-line chemotherapy in cases of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The primary aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate outcomes of docetaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with AGC that progressed after both oxaliplatin-based and irinotecan-based regimens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eligible patients were those with AGC who had previous chemotherapy including fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin as well as fluoropyrimidine and irinotecan and who received subsequent docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Thirty-five patients were retrospectively recruited from 5 medical centers in Korea. Patients received either weekly or 3 weekly with docetaxel +/- cisplatin.
RESULTS
Thirty-one out of 35 patients were evaluated for treatment response. A total of 94 cycles of chemotherapy (median, 2; range, 1 to 7) were administered. The overall response rate was 14.3%, and the disease control rate was 45.7%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.7 months). The median overall survival (OS) was 3.6 months (95% CI, 2.8 to 4.4 months). PFS and OS were significantly prolonged in patients of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, with performance status of 0 or 1 in multivariate analysis (PFS: hazard ratio[HR], 0.411; 95% CI, 0.195 to 0.868; p=0.020 and OS: HR, 0.390; 95% CI, 0.184 to 0.826; p=0.014, respectively). Four of the 35 patients enrolled in the study died due to infection associated with neutropenia.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that salvage docetaxel-based chemotherapy is a feasible treatment option for AGC patients with good performance status (PS), whereas chemotherapy for patients with poor PS (PS< or =2) should be undertaken with caution for those who previously failed oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based regimens.

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Prognostic Factors of Second and Third Line Chemotherapy Using 5-FU with Platinum, Irinotecan, and Taxane for Advanced Gastric Cancer
Ji Soo Park, Jae Yun Lim, Seung Kyo Park, Min Kyung Kim, Hee Sung Ko, Sun Och Yoon, Jong Won Kim, Seung Ho Choi, Jae Yong Cho
Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(4):236-243.   Published online December 27, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.4.236
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The aims of this study are to find out whether the sequence of chemotherapeutic regimens including second- and third-line taxane and irinotecan influences the survival of patients with unresectable gastric carcinoma and to identify clinical characteristics of patients with improved response.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty gastric carcinoma patients who were treated by third-line sequential chemotherapy between November 2004 and July 2010 were enrolled in this study. Their overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) were set up as primary and secondary end points. For the sequence of chemotherapy regimen, two arms were used. Arm A was defined as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)+cisplatin (FP) or folinic acid, 5-FU and oxaliplati (FOLFOX), followed by folinic acid, 5-FU and irinotecan (FOLFIRI), and paclitaxel or docetaxel plus 5-FU, with or without epirubicin. Arm B was defined as FP or FOLFOX, followed by paclitaxel or docetaxel plus 5-FU, and FOLFIRI.
RESULTS
The median OS of all patients was 16.0 months (95% confidence interval, 13.6 to 18.3 months), which is longer than historical control of patients who did not receive third-line chemotherapy. The sequence of second and third-line regimen, including irinotecan and taxane, did not present significant difference in OS or TTP after failure of 5-FU with platinum chemotherapy. In survival analysis of patients' clinicopathologic characteristics, poor prognosis was shown in patients with poorly differentiated histologic features, elevated serum carcinoembryonic level, and shorter TTP of first line chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION
It is possible for patients to respond differently to chemotherapy due to differences in clinical features and underlying gene expression profiles. Development of individualized chemotherapy regimens based on gene expression profiles is warranted.

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Phase II Study of S-1 Plus Either Irinotecan or Docetaxel for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with More Than Three Lines of Treatment
Dal Yong Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Sun-Joo Jang, Sang-We Kim, Cheolwon Suh, Jung Shin Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(4):212-216.   Published online December 27, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.4.212
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a combination treatment of S-1 plus either irinotecan or docetaxel for advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who have already failed 3 or more lines of treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective single center phase II study. The eligible patients received S-1 40 mg/m2 twice a day orally on days 1 though 14 combined with irinotecan 150 mg/m2on D1 only or docetaxel 35 mg/m2 on D1 and D8. The treatment was repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient refusal. The choice between the two regimens was made at the discretion of the treating physician.
RESULTS
A total of 14 patients participated in the study. There were 3 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 9 with adenocarcinoma, and 2 with NSCLC, NOS. Eight of the patients were male. There were 8 patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) of 1, and 6 patients with an ECOG of 2. All the patients had already been treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Out of the 14 patients, 10 received irinotecan and S-1 and the other 4 received docetaxel and S-1. Twelve patients had also received pemetrexed. Disappointingly, there were no response from 2 patients with a stable disease, and therefore, as per the protocol, we stopped the study early. With a median follow-up time of 49 months, the median survival time was 5.6 months (95% confidence interval, 4.3 to 6.9 months).
CONCLUSION
S-1 containing doublets did not show activity in this population as a salvage treatment and further investigation cannot be recommended.

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  • Docetaxel Nanotechnology in Anticancer Therapy
    Pengxiang Zhao, Didier Astruc
    ChemMedChem.2012; 7(6): 952.     CrossRef
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A Retrospective Study of First-Line Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Korean Single-Center Experience
Soon Il Lee, Se Hoon Park, Do Hyoung Lim, Keon Woo Park, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(2):96-101.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.2.96
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
Fluoropyrimidine-based combination chemotherapy, in combination with either oxaliplatin or irinotecan, has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (ACC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between January 2006 and December 2007, a total of 478 ACC patients were treated with combination chemotherapy in first-line settings. Combination therapies included: 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX, n=172), 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid plus irinotecan (FOLFIRI, n=95), capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX, n=155), and capecitabine plus irinotecan (XELIRI, n=56). FOLFOX and FOLFIRI were repeated every 2 weeks, whereas XELOX and XELIRI were repeated every 3 weeks until occurrence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or until a patient chose to discontinue treatment.
RESULTS
The median age was 58 years (range, 19 to 84 years) and the median chemotherapy durations for FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, XELOX, and XELIRI were 4.9, 4.5, 5.7, and 5.4 months, respectively. Combination chemotherapy regimens were generally well tolerated. The estimated median progression-free-survival (PFS) for all patients was 6.8 months (95% confidence interval, 6.3 to 7.3 months). No statistically significant difference in PFS was found among regimens used as first-line chemotherapy. Sixty percent (n=290) of patients received second or further lines of therapy after failure.
CONCLUSION
Fluoropyrimidine-based combination chemotherapy regimens appear to be equally active and tolerable as first-line therapy for ACC.

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  • Nineteen-year, real-world experience of first-line combination chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a propensity score analysis from southern Thailand
    Jirapat Wonglhow, Chirawadee Sathitruangsak, Arunee Dechaphunkul, Patrapim Sunpaweravong
    Journal of International Medical Research.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Si-Qi Dong, Tong-Min Wang, Jiang-Bo Zhang, Yong-Qiao He, Wen-Qiong Xue, Zi-Yi Wu, Da-Wei Yang, Lian-Jing Cao, Jing-Wen Huang, Xi-Zhao Li, Pei-Fen Zhang, Xiao-Hui Zheng, Wei-Hua Jia
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(3): 724.     CrossRef
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A Pilot Study of Cisplatin, Irinotecan, Leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil (PILF) Combination Chemotherapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer
Se Hoon Park, Soo Yeon Jeon, Kwang Il Ko, Eunmi Nam, Soo-Mee Bang, Eun Kyung Cho, Dong Bok Shin, Jae Hoon Lee, Woon Ki Lee, Min Chung
Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(3):121-125.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.3.121
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

Irinotecan, in combination with leucovorin/5-fluorouracil (FU) or with cisplatin, is known to be active for treating advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This pilot study evaluated a novel three-drug combination of irinotecan, leucovorin/FU and cisplatin as a first-line treatment of AGC. The primary endpoint was to assess the feasibility in anticipation of conducting a larger phase II study.

Materials and Methods

Chemotherapy-naive AGC patients received irinotecan 150 mg/m2 on day 1, and leucovorin 200 mg/m2 and a 22-h infusion of FU 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2. Cisplatin 30 mg/m2 was administered on day 2. Treatment was repeated every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Results

Of the 17 eligible patients, two patients had an ECOG performance status of 2 and their median age was 48 years (range: 31 to 69). A total of 117 chemotherapy cycles were delivered (median: 6, range: 1 to 12). The causes of treatment discontinuation were disease progression in 9 patients (53%), refusal (35%) and toxicity (12%). Although grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (41% of patients) was the major toxicity that required dose adjustments, only one episode of febrile neutropenia occurred. Grade 3 or 4 nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and fatigue were observed in 35%, 35% and 29% of patients, respectively. None of the patients died of toxicity during treatment. Of the 16 patients who were evaluable for response, 7 (44%) experienced a partial response.

Conclusion

This novel multi-drug combination was tolerated well in patients with AGC. Based on the encouraging efficacy and tolerability, a randomized phase II study is ongoing in this disease setting.

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  • Randomized phase II study of irinotecan, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil (ILF) versus cisplatin plus ILF (PILF) combination chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer
    S.H. Park, E. Nam, J. Park, E.K. Cho, D.B. Shin, J.H. Lee, W.K. Lee, M. Chung, S.I. Lee
    Annals of Oncology.2008; 19(4): 729.     CrossRef
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A Phase II Study of Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin for Treatment in Patients with Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Sang-Byung Bae, Nam-Su Lee, Han-Jo Kim, Kyoung-Ha Kim, Hyun-Jung Kim, Chan-Kyu Kim, Kyu-Taeg Lee, Sung-Kyu Park, Jong-Ho Won, Dae-Sik Hong, Hee-Sook Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(2):72-77.   Published online April 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.2.72
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

We prospectively conducted a non-randomized phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination irinotecan, leucovorin (LV) and 5-fluorouracil (FU) as a first-line regimen for treating patients with previously untreated advanced colorectal cancer (CRC).

Materials and Methods

Twenty-six previously untreated patients with advanced, recurrent or metastatic CRC were enrolled in this study. The patients received either irinotecan 180 mg/m2 on day 1 with LV bolus of 200 mg/m2 and FU bolus of 400 mg/m2, and this was followed by FU continuous infusion of 600 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 2 (the FOLFIRI regimen), or they were treated with LV bolus of 400 mg/m2 and FU bolus of 400 mg/m2 followed by FU continuous infusion of 2,400 mg/m2 for 46 hours (the simplified FOLFIRI regimen), and these treatments were repeated every 2 weeks until disease progression.

Results

The objective response rate was 23.1% (6/26) respectively, for both treatments. The median time to progression was 5.3 months (range: 0.4~19.9), and the overall survival was 11.2 months (range: 0.5~52.3). The prognostic factor for longer survival was the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS). The non-hematological toxicities were similar for both treatment groups, with more frequent grade ≥3 neutropenia being noted for the simplified FOLFIRI regimen.

Conclusion

The biweekly irinotecan based regimen was demonstrated to have a moderate antitumor activity with acceptable toxicity profiles, and the ECOG PS was the independent prognostic factor.

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  • Oncological Treatment-Related Fatigue in Oncogeriatrics: A Scoping Review
    Louise André, Gabriel Antherieu, Amélie Boinet, Judith Bret, Thomas Gilbert, Rabia Boulahssass, Claire Falandry
    Cancers.2022; 14(10): 2470.     CrossRef
  • The use of high dose d,l-leucovorin in first-line bevacizumab+mFOLFIRI treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer may enhance the antiangiogenic effect of bevacizumab
    B. Budai, T. Nagy, I. Láng, E. Hitre
    Angiogenesis.2013; 16(1): 113.     CrossRef
  • Successful Treatment of Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Irinotecan in a Hemodialysis Patient With End-Stage Renal Disease
    Dong Min Kim, Hyun Lee Kim, Choon Hae Chung, Chi Young Park
    The Korean journal of internal medicine.2009; 24(1): 73.     CrossRef
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Phase II Study of Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin in Relapsed or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer as First-line Therapy
Young-Woong Won, Young-Hyo Lim, Ho-Yong Park, Ho-Suk Oh, Jung-Hye Choi, Young-Yeul Lee, In-Soon Kim, Il-Young Choi, Myung-Ju Ahn
Cancer Res Treat. 2004;36(4):235-239.   Published online August 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2004.36.4.235
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of biweekly irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil (FU) and leucovorin (LV) in patients with relapsed or metastatic colorectal cancer.

Materials and Methods

Between March 2002 and May 2004, 24 patients with histologically confirmed relapsed or metastatic colorectal cancer were enrolled in this study. One chemotherapy cycle consisted of irinotecan 180 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15; 5-FU 400 mg/m2 bolus IV with 600 mg/m2 by a 22 hour intravenous infusion on days 1, 2, 15 and 16; and leucovorin 20 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, 15 and 16, every 4 weeks.

Results

The median age of the 24 was 57.5 years (range, 38~69). Their metastatic sites included: the liver (62.5%), lung (20.8%), peritoneum (16.7%), lymph node (12.5%), ovary (8.3%) and pelvis/vagina (8.3%). Twenty-two patients were evaluable for a response. Six and 7 patients achieved partial responses and stable diseases, respectively. The overall response rate was 27.3% (95% Confidence interval; 10.3~44.5%). The median follow-up duration for surviving patients was 14.7 months (range, 1.7~26.5). Median overall survival (OS) and 1-year OS rates were 19 months and 86.3%, respectively. Median response duration and median progression free survival were 7.47 and 5.57 months, respectively. A total of 83 cycles (median 4 cycles) were administered. The main non-hematologic toxicities were nausea/vomiting (44.5%/18.1%) and diarrhea (8.4%). The most common hematologic toxicity was NCI grade I/II anemia (31.3%) and grade I/II neutropenia was 10.8%. There was no life-threatening toxicity.

Conclusion

The results suggested that irinotecan, 5-FU and leucovorin combination chemotherapy in a biweekly schedule is a practical and tolerable treatment option in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

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  • A Phase I Study of UGT1A1 *28/*6 Genotype-Directed Dosing of Irinotecan (CPT-11) in Korean Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving FOLFIRI
    Kyu-Pyo Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Jae-Lyun Lee, Kyun Seop Bae, Ho-Sook Kim, Jae-Gook Shin, Jung Shin Lee, Tae Won Kim
    Oncology.2015; 88(3): 164.     CrossRef
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    Seung Hyun Lee, Byung Kwon Ahn, Sung Uhn Baek
    Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2007; 23(5): 333.     CrossRef
  • A Phase II Study of Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin for Treatment in Patients with Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer
    Sang-Byung Bae, Nam-Su Lee, Han-Jo Kim, Kyoung-Ha Kim, Hyun-Jung Kim, Chan-Kyu Kim, Kyu-Taeg Lee, Sung-Kyu Park, Jong-Ho Won, Dae-Sik Hong, Hee-Sook Park
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2006; 38(2): 72.     CrossRef
  • Irinotecan, Continuous 5-Fluorouracil, and Low dose of Leucovorin (modified FOLFIRI) as First Line of Therapy in Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
    Myung-Ah Lee, Jae-Ho Byun, Byoung-Young Shim, In-Sook Woo, Jin-Hyung Kang, Young Seon Hong, Kyung Shik Lee, Myung Gyu Choi, Suk Kyun Chang, Seong Taek Oh, Sung Il Choi, Doo Suk Lee
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2005; 20(3): 205.     CrossRef
  • Responsiveness of CPT-11 in Respect to hMLH1 and hMSH2 Protein Expression in the Primary Colorectal Cancer
    In Ja Park, Hee Cheol Kim, Chang Sik Yu, Heung Moon Chang, Jea Hwan Lee, Jong Hoon Kim, Tae Won Kim, Jung Sun Kim, Jin Cheon Kim
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2004; 36(6): 360.     CrossRef
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Review Article
Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Atsushi Horiike, Nagahiro Saijo
Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(3):177-180.   Published online June 30, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.3.177
AbstractAbstract PDF
Among patients with lung cancer, approximately 15% have small cell lung cancer (SCLC), SCLC is usually staged as either limited and extensive. Extensive-stage SCLC is treated primarily with chemotherapy. A recent Japanese randomized trial compared cisplatin and irinotecan (IP) with cisplatin and etoposide (EP). Patients in the IP arm did significantly better than patients in the EP arm. In the IP arm, the response rate was 84%, and the median overall survival period was 12.8 months. Limited- stage SCLC is usually treated with concurrent chemotherapy and accelerated radiation therapy, and approximately 20% of patients are cured. Future research should focus on optimizing chemotherapy regimens and radiation therapy schedules. The role of molecular targeted drugs in the treatment of SCLC must also be evaluated.
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Original Article
Irinotecan Combined with Bolus Fluorouracil, Continuous Infusion Fluorouracil, and Low-Dose Leucovorin Every Two Weeks in Patients with Oxaliplatin Pretreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Hyuk Chan Kwon, Sung Hyun Kim, Jae Seok Kim, Hyo Jin Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(2):135-140.   Published online April 30, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.2.135
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
To determine the efficacy and tolerance of irinotecan in combination with fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (LV) in patients whose disease has progressed after treatment with an oxaliplatin-based therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients were enrolled in this study from January 2000 to October 2002. Each patient's disease had progressed under oxaliplatin containing regimen. The new treatment consisted of irinotecan 150 mg/m2 as a 90-minute infusion on day 1, LV 20 mg/m2 bolus, given intravenously, immediately followed by a bolus of 5-FU, 400 mg/m2, and a 22-hour continuous infusion at 600 mg/m2 on day 1 through day 2. Treatment was repeated at 2-week intervals. RESULTS: Among the assessable 30 patients, median age was 50 years (range: 29~67), and dominant sites of metastasis were liver, lung, and lymph nodes. The objective response rate was 20%; all patients registered partial responses; 14 patients were stabilized (46.7%); and 10 had progression of disease (33.3%). Median progression-free survival was 24.6 weeks and median survival was 39.6 weeks. For the 210 cycles analyzed, NCI-CTC grades 3 and 4 hematologic toxicities were leucopenia (10%) and neutropenia (5%). Frequently occurring grade 3~4 non-hematologic adverse reactions were nausea/ vomiting (10%), diarrhea (6.7%), stomatitis (6.7%), and alopecia (10%). There were no treatment-related deaths.
CONCLUSIONS
TIrinotecan in combination with 5-FU plus LV regimen is safe and effective in oxaliplatin-pretreated advanced colorectal cancer patients.

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  • Evaluation and validation of chemotherapy‐specific diarrhoea and histopathology in rats
    David Dahlgren, Evelina Rosenqvist, Per M. Hellström, Peter Nygren, Fredrik Kullenberg, Karsten Peters, Markus Sjöblom, Hans Lennernäs
    Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology.2022; 131(6): 536.     CrossRef
  • Effect of an Irinotencan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin Combination Chemotherapy (FOLFIRI) in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
    Seung Hyun Lee, Byung Kwon Ahn, Sung Uhn Baek
    Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2007; 23(5): 333.     CrossRef
  • A Phase II Study of Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin for Treatment in Patients with Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer
    Sang-Byung Bae, Nam-Su Lee, Han-Jo Kim, Kyoung-Ha Kim, Hyun-Jung Kim, Chan-Kyu Kim, Kyu-Taeg Lee, Sung-Kyu Park, Jong-Ho Won, Dae-Sik Hong, Hee-Sook Park
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2006; 38(2): 72.     CrossRef
  • Irinotecan, Continuous 5-Fluorouracil, and Low dose of Leucovorin (modified FOLFIRI) as First Line of Therapy in Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
    Myung-Ah Lee, Jae-Ho Byun, Byoung-Young Shim, In-Sook Woo, Jin-Hyung Kang, Young Seon Hong, Kyung Shik Lee, Myung Gyu Choi, Suk Kyun Chang, Seong Taek Oh, Sung Il Choi, Doo Suk Lee
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2005; 20(3): 205.     CrossRef
  • Phase II Study of Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin in Relapsed or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer as First-line Therapy
    Young-Woong Won, Young-Hyo Lim, Ho-Yong Park, Ho-Suk Oh, Jung-Hye Choi, Young-Yeul Lee, In-Soon Kim, Il-Young Choi, Myung-Ju Ahn
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2004; 36(4): 235.     CrossRef
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