Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Predictive Value of the ERCC1 Expression for Treatment Response and Survival in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Cisplatin-based First-line Chemotherapy: Jina Yun, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jung-Hoon Kim, Jung A Kim, Jee Hyun Kong, Soo Hyeon Lee, Young-Woong Won, Jong-Mu Sun, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(2):101-106. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2010.42.2.101

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine whether the ERCC1 expression is effective to predict the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and who were treated with cisplatin-based first-line chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods

A total of 89 measurable AGC patients received cisplatin and capecitabine, with or without epirubicin, as a part of a randomized phase II study. Patients were included for the current molecular analysis if they had received two or more cycles of chemotherapy, their objective tumor responses were measured and if their paraffin-embedded tumor samples were available. The ERCC1 expression was examined by performing immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and the patients were divided into two groups (positive or negative) according to the presence of IHC staining of the tumor cell nuclei.

Results

Of the 32 eligible patients, 21 patients (66%) had tumor with a positive expression of ERCC1 and the remaining 11 patients had tumor with a negative ERCC1-expression. The ERCC1-negative patients achieved a higher response rate than that of the ERCC1-positive patients (44% vs. 28%, respectively), although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.42). The median survival time for the all patients was 14.6 months (95% CI: 13.6 to 15.6 months). The one-year survival rate was similar for the ERCC1-negative patients (61%) and the ERCC1-positive patients (70%).

Conclusion

In the current study, the tumor ERCC1 expression by IHC staining could not predict the clinical response or survival of AGC patients who were treated with cisplatin-based first-line chemotherapy. The ERCC1 protein expression does not appear to be a useful tool for the selection of tailored chemotherapy for these patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluation of the Effect of ERCC1 Expression on Survival and Treatment Response in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer
Nurgül Yaşar
Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life.2026; 9: 11. CrossRef
Histopathological regression of gastric adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy: a critical review
Eduardo Henrique Cunha Neves Filho, Rosane Oliveira de Sant'Ana, Luiz Vianney Saldanha Cidrão Nunes, Adriana Pinheiro Bezerra Pires, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Saldanha da Cunha
APMIS.2017; 125(2): 79. CrossRef
Predictive biomarkers for targeted and cytotoxic agents in gastric cancer for personalized medicine
Shalong Wang, Lianwen Yuan
BioScience Trends.2016; 10(3): 171. CrossRef
Influence of ERCC1 and ERCC4 polymorphisms on response to prognosis in gastric cancer treated with FOLFOX-based chemotherapy
Zheng-mao Lu, Tian-hang Luo, Ming-ming Nie, Guo-en Fang, Li-ye Ma, Xu-chao Xue, Guo Wei, Chong-we Ke, Jian-wei Bi
Tumor Biology.2014; 35(4): 2941. CrossRef
The prognostic value of ERCC1 expression in gastric cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy: a meta-analysis
Kong-Kong Wei, Lei Jiang, Yao-Yao Wei, Yu-Feng Wang, Xuan-Kun Qian, Qiang Dai, Quan-Lin Guan
Tumor Biology.2014; 35(9): 8721. CrossRef
Predictive value of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 expression for platinum-based chemotherapy and survival in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis
Anqi Yao, You Wang, Xiaohong Peng, Rong Ye, Qiaoli Wang, Yuexiao Qi, Fuxiang Zhou
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2014; 140(12): 2107. CrossRef
Correlation between expressions of ERCC1/TS mRNA and effects of gastric cancer to chemotherapy in the short term
Liqi Chen, Guoli Li, Jieshou Li, Chaogang Fan, Jian Xu, Bo Wu, Kun Liu, Caihua Zhang
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2013; 71(4): 921. CrossRef
ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism and the risk and invasiveness of cervical cancer in Korean women
Seung‐Su HAN, Jae Weon KIM, Sang Hoon LEE, Dong Ho KIM, Noh‐Hyun PARK, Yong‐Sang SONG, Soon‐Beom KANG
Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Gastric Cancer
Joshua D. Lawson, Jason K. Sicklick, Paul T. Fanta
Current Problems in Cancer.2011; 35(3): 97. CrossRef

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Prognostic Significance of Serum and Tissue Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinomas: Seong-Hoon Park, Ki-Beom Ku, Ho-Young Chung, Wansik Yu; Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40(1):16-21. Published online March 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2008.40.1.16

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is known to be elevated in nearly all solid malignancies. The prognostic role of CEA in gastric cancers however, is still controversial. We evaluated preoperative serum CEA levels and CEA expression from the resected tumor tissues to determine whether they have prognostic significance in gastric cancer patients.

Materials and Methods

Medical records of 810 patients who underwent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma from June, 1998 to February, 2002 in Kyungpook National University Hospital were reviewed. Serum CEA level was evaluated by radioimmunoassay preoperatively, and the cut-off level for positivity was 7.0 ng/ml. Labeled streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method was used to determine CEA expression from the gastric cancer tissues.

Results

Serum and tissue CEA were positive in 9.3% and 91.1% of the patients, respectively. They had no correlation with each other. The positivity rate of serum CEA had positive correlation with invasion depth (p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (p<0.001), distant metastasis (p=0.006), and final stage (p<0.001). Well differentiated tumors showed higher serum CEA positivity (p=0.002). Patients with positive serum CEA had higher recurrence rate (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed significantly lower survival rate in patients with preoperative CEA levels over 7 ng/ml than those with lower levels (48.0% vs. 80.7%; p<0.001). The positivity rates of tissue CEA were higher in advanced cancers (p=0.033) and in more advanced stages (p=0.029). Tissue CEA positivity showed no correlation with recurrence or survival.

Conclusions

Preoperative serum CEA level had correlation with disease progression and survival in gastric cancer patients, and proved to be an independent prognostic factor. Tissue CEA expression in gastric cancers had no prognostic information.

Citations

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Clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with resectable HAS/GAED: A multicenter nested case–control study from China
Lihu Gu, Xiaoming Zhang, Shengqiang Ji, Yihang Pan, Yi Shen, Moucheng Zhang, Qingping Wu, Weiming Yu, Feng Wu, Qi Zheng
Digestive and Liver Disease.2026; 58(5): 693. CrossRef
A real-world pharmacovigilance assessment of drug-related carcinoembryonic antigen increase
Chao Du, Yunwei Liang, Weining Liu, Yanping Jiang, Ying Wang
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Combined albumin and CEA improve prognostic prediction in resectable gastric cancer
Jie Li, Haozong Zhao, Qianshi Zhang, Shuangyi Ren
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In Pursuit of Novel Markers: Unraveling the Potential of miR-106, CEA and CA 19-9 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Diagnosis and Staging
Adrian Boicean, Ioana Boeras, Sabrina Birsan, Cristian Ichim, Samuel Bogdan Todor, Danusia Maria Onisor, Olga Brusnic, Ciprian Bacila, Horatiu Dura, Corina Roman-Filip, Maria Livia Ognean, Ciprian Tanasescu, Adrian Hasegan, Dan Bratu, Corina Porr, Iulian
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Carcinoembryonic Antigen Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 13,725 Tumors
Kristina Jansen, Lara Kornfeld, Maximilian Lennartz, Sebastian Dwertmann Rico, Simon Kind, Viktor Reiswich, Florian Viehweger, Ahmed Abdulwahab Bawahab, Christoph Fraune, Natalia Gorbokon, Andreas M. Luebke, Claudia Hube-Magg, Anne Menz, Ria Uhlig, Till K
Cancers.2024; 16(23): 4052. CrossRef
Combined Use of Tumor Markers in Gastric Cancer: A Novel Method with Promising Prognostic Accuracy and Practicality
Ruopeng Zhang, Xiaojiang Chen, Guoming Chen, Zhoukai Zhao, Yicheng Wei, Feiyang Zhang, Jun Lin, Runcong Nie, Yingbo Chen
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2023; 30(13): 8561. CrossRef
A novel hematological classifier predicting chemotherapy benefit and recurrence hazard for locally advanced gastric cancer A multicenter IPTW analysis
Jun Lu, Dong Wu, Shi Chen, Jiao-bao Huang, Bin-bin Xu, Zhen Xue, Hua-Long Zheng, Guo-sheng Lin, Li-li Shen, Jia Lin, Chao-Hui Zheng, Ping Li, Jia-Bin Wang, Jian-Xian Lin, Qi-Yue Chen, Long-Long Cao, Jian-Wei Xie, Jun-sheng Peng, Chang-Ming Huang
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022; 48(8): 1768. CrossRef
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐7 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer
Wareeporn Wattanawongdon, Theeraya Simawaranon Bartpho, Taweesak Tongtawee, Rosario Caltabiano
BioMed Research International.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mihai Cătălin Roșu, Petrut Dinu Mihnea, Andrei Ardelean, Silviu Daniel Moldovan, Romana Olivia Popețiu, Bogdan Dan Totolici
Journal of Medicine and Life.2022; 15(1): 4. CrossRef
STROBE-clinical characteristics and prognosis factors of gastric cancer in young patients aged ≤30 years
Liyun Zhou, Zhenhua Jiang, Wenhui Gu, Shuangyin Han
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Discovery of a novel and a rare Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation in colorectal cancer patients
Mahmood Rasool, Angel Carracedo, Abdulrahman Sibiany, Faten Al-Sayes, Sajjad Karim, Absarul Haque, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Muhammad Asif, Niaz M. Achakzai
Bioengineered.2021; 12(1): 5099. CrossRef
Clinical significance of novel identified high‐frequency tumor‐specific peptides associated signature in predicting disease status of gastric cancer patients
Bin Li, Huizhen Geng, Zibo Li, Bing Peng, Jinfeng Wang, Xiaolei Yin, Ning Li, Jianfei Shi, Man Zhao, Cuizhen Li, Fei Yin
BioFactors.2021; 47(6): 1042. CrossRef
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Mahmood Rasool, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Sajjad Karim
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2021; 28(11): 6045. CrossRef
Fluorescent imaging for cancer therapy and cancer gene therapy
Yanghee Woo, Shyambabu Chaurasiya, Michael O’Leary, Ernest Han, Yuman Fong
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The significance of preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the prediction of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in locally advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective analysis
Keshen Wang, Xiangyan Jiang, Yanxian Ren, Zhijian Ma, Xiaocheng Cheng, Fan Li, Jingying Xiao, Zeyuan Yu, Zuoyi Jiao
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Prognostic significance of perioperative tumor marker levels in stage II/III gastric cancer
Yasuhito Suenaga, Mitsuro Kanda, Seiji Ito, Yoshinari Mochizuki, Hitoshi Teramoto, Kiyoshi Ishigure, Toshifumi Murai, Takahiro Asada, Akiharu Ishiyama, Hidenobu Matsushita, Chie Tanaka, Daisuke Kobayashi, Michitaka Fujiwara, Kenta Murotani, Yasuhiro Koder
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Yong-Shun Gao, Yi-Ming Wang, Jing-Jing Huang, Yun-Fei Zhang, Peng Chen, Xi-Zhong Yan, Jian-Gang Sun, Xiao-Jin Fan, Ji Han, Zeng-Lang Chen
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Preoperative globulin‐to‐albumin ratio predicts outcome after curative resection in patients with gastric cancer
Takayuki Shimizu, Mitsuru Ishizuka, Norisuke Shibuya, Genki Tanaka, Akihito Abe, Taku Aoki, Keiichi Kubota
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Prognostic significance of pretreatment serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in gastric cancer with pathological lymph node-negative: A large sample single-center retrospective study
Jun Xiao, Zai-Sheng Ye, Sheng-Hong Wei, Yi Zeng, Zhen-Meng Lin, Yi Wang, Wen-Hao Teng, Lu-Chuan Chen
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Prognostic Significance of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Staining in Cancer Tissues of Gastric Cancer Patients
Wei Wang, Sharvesh Raj Seeruttun, Cheng Fang, Jiewei Chen, Yong Li, Zhimin Liu, Youqing Zhan, Wei Li, Yingbo Chen, Xiaowei Sun, Yuanfang Li, Dazhi Xu, Yuanxiang Guan, Zhiwei Zhou
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Fan Feng, Li Sun, Zhen Liu, Shushang Liu, Gaozan Zheng, Guanghui Xu, Man Guo, Xiao Lian, Daiming Fan, Hongwei Zhang
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Preoperative Serum CEA and CA19-9 in Gastric Cancer - a Single Tertiary Hospital Study of 1,075 Cases
Yang-Chun Zhou, Hai-Jian Zhao, Li-Zong Shen
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2015; 16(7): 2685. CrossRef
Prognostic value of preoperative serum tumor markers in gastric cancer
Ze-Bo Huang
World Journal of Clinical Oncology.2014; 5(2): 170. CrossRef
The prognosis of gastric cancer patients with marginally elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values after D2 radical gastrectomy
Shi Chen, Xing‐Yu Feng, Yuan‐Fang Li, Bai‐Wei Zhao, Zhi‐Wei Zhou, Ying‐Bo Chen
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Effect ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection on p16, p53, CEA, EGFR Expression in Gastric Neoplasia
Chan Sik Won, Mee Yon Cho, Hyun Soo Kim, Ki Tae Suk, Jae Woo Kim, Hong Jun Park, Hyo Keun Jeon, Soon Koo Baik, Sang Ok Kwon
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2011; 11(1): 45. CrossRef
Prognostic Factors of Second and Third Line Chemotherapy Using 5-FU with Platinum, Irinotecan, and Taxane for Advanced Gastric Cancer
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A Prognostic Model to Predict Clinical Outcome in Gastric Cancer Patients with Bone Metastasis
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Clinical Significance of p53, P-glycoprotein, and Glutathione S transferase-pi in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Young Don Joo, Chang Hak Sohn; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(1):34-40. Published online February 28, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.1.34

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
A retrospective study was performed o define the clninical significance of p53, P-glycoprotein (Pgp), and Glutathione S transferase-pi (GST-pi) immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We reviewed fifty seven patients with advanced NSCLC who had undergone surgical resection or bronchoscopic biopsy between March 1997 and March 1999. IHC staining for p53, GST-pi, and Pgp was performed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of the fifty seven patients.
RESULTS
The IHC expression rate was 63% for p53, 28% for Pgp, and 53% for GST-pi, respectively. The median survival of the fifty seven patients was 45 weeks and the response rate was 38.6% (partial response, 22/57). The chemotherapy response and median survival of the p53 negative group (57% and 61 weeks) were better than those demonstrated by the p53 positive group (28% and 21 weeks) (p<0.05). Additionally, the GST-pi negative group showed a greater improvement of survival and response rate than the positive group (p<0.05). Pgp expression status appeared to have no significant differential effect on chemotherapy response and survival.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that immunohisto chemical staining of p53 and GST-pi may be useful in predicting the response to chemotherapy as well as survival in advanced NSCLC. However, this study is limited by its retrospective nature and the small numbers of tumors studied from a heterogenous group of patients.

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Clinical Analysis of PTEN, p53 and Her-2/neu Expressions in Thyroid Cancers: Jeong Soo Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Kee Hwan Kim, Chang Hyeok Ahn, Se Jeong Oh, Hae Myung Jeon, Keun Woo Lim, Chung Soo Chun; Cancer Res Treat. 2001;33(5):433-437. Published online October 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2001.33.5.433

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The dual-specificity phosphatase PTEN/ MMAC1/TEP1 has recently been identified as the tumor suppressor gene most frequently mutated and/or deleted in human tumors. However, PTEN mutations have rarely been detected in sporadic thyroid cancers. Therefore, this study investigated the PTEN expression of thyroid cancer and the relationship between PTEN, clinical status and other biologic factors such as HER-2/neu and p53.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study samples consisted of 62 thyroid cancer specimens and 24 benign thyroid tumor specimens from patients who were operated on the Department of Surgery, Uijongbu St. Mary's hospital during the 5 years from January 1995 until January 2000. All tumors were studied by immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies against PTEN, HER-2/neu and p53. The results were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
PTEN protein was found to be under-expressed more frequently in thyroid cancers (29%) than in benign thyroid tumors (4.2%). The reduction in PTEN expression in thyroid cancers was not significantly related with the recorded clinical factors such as size, age, lymph node metastasis and p53, except for HER-2 which was found to be significantly related (p=0.001). HER-2 over- expression was noted in thyroid cancer (83.8%) more frequently than in benign tumors (16.7%).
CONCLUSION
This study has demonstrated that the under-expression of PTEN protein and the over-expression of HER-2 protein may play a role in the carcinogenesis and development of thyroid cancer.

Citations

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Links between Breast and Thyroid Cancer: Hormones, Genetic Susceptibility and Medical Interventions
Man Lu, Hanqing Liu, Bilian Zheng, Shengrong Sun, Chuang Chen
Cancers.2022; 14(20): 5117. CrossRef
Recommendations on Surveillance for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Children with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome
L.A. Jonker, C.A. Lebbink, M.C.J. Jongmans, R.A.J. Nievelstein, J.H.M. Merks, E.J.M. Nieveen van Dijkum, T.P. Links, N. Hoogerbrugge, A.S.P. van Trotsenburg, H.M. van Santen
European Thyroid Journal.2020; 9(5): 234. CrossRef
Activity of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Against Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines
Yong Wook Kim, Su Mi Bae, Joon Mo Lee, Sung Eun Namkoong, Sei Jun Han, Byoung Rai Lee, Insu P. Lee, Sang Hee Kim, Young Joo Lee, Chong Kook Kim, Yong-Wan Kim, Woong Shick Ahn
Cancer Research and Treatment.2004; 36(5): 315. CrossRef

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The Association of p53 Mutation with Human Papillomavirus Type 16 , 18 Infection and its Clinical Significance: Chang Soo Park, Yong Sang Song, Chang Won Koh, Hye Won Jeon, Soon Beom Kang, Hyo Pyo Lee; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1996;28(1):122-138.

Abstract PDF: Recent several studies have suggested that inactivation of p53 gene could occur by two theoretical mechanisms in cervical cancer. The E6 transforming protein of oncogenic human papillomavirus(HPV) binds to and promotes the degradation of p53 protein, or the mutation of the p53 gene could result in its inactivation without HPV infection. The purpose of this study were to investigate HPV infection and p53 mutation according to the status of lymph node metastasis and to analyse the relationship and role of HPV infection and p53 alteration in the advance and metastasis of cervical cancer. Paraffin embedded tissue sections were obtained from 30 patients with cervical cancer, each l5 patients with or without lymph node metastasis. The PCR and Southern blotting were used for the detection of HPV l6/18 DNA. Alteration of p53 activity was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using MAb DO7 and polymerase chain reaction with single stranded conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP). There was no significant difference in HPV infection between two groups, 73.3%(l l/15) in negative lymph node group and 80.0%(l2/15) in positive lymph node group. Although by immunohistochemistry p53 alterations were found more frequently in positive lymph node group(46.7%) than in negative lymph node group(20.0%), there was no significant difference between two groups. HPV negative cervical cancers had more p53 alterations(57.l%) than HPV positive cervical cancers(26.1%). However, there was no significant inverse relationship between HPV infection and p53 alteration. In conclusion, these data suggest that HPV infection and p53 alteration may play an important role independantly in the development of cervical cancer and p53 alteration may be associated with the advance and metastasis in some cases.

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Immunohistochemical Study on Expression of the p53 Protein in Medulloblastoma/PNET: Eun Jung Kim, Sang Soo Park, Young Ho Lee, Ahn Hong Choi, Seo Hee Rha, Soon Yong Lee, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Young Tak Lim, Do Yoon Park, Kang Suek Suh; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(5):867-873.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The present study explores the expression rate of p53 mutation and the correlation between the expression of p53 protein and prognostic factors in medulloblastoma/ PNET (primitive neuroectodermal tumor).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We studied retrospectively 24 patients with medulloblastoma/ PNET, who were admitted in Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan National University Hospital and Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital from 1988 to 1995. Detection of p53 mutations was made by immunohistochemical staining of p53 protein on paraffin- embedded tissues. The correlation between the expression of p53 protein and prognostic factors was evaluated by the Spearman correlation analysis.
RESULTS
p53 protein was expressed in 6 of 24 patients (25%). In 20 patients who could be evaluated for metastasis, 16 patients of M0, 1 patient of M1 and 3 patients of M2 were grouped by M stage, and the expression of p53 was detected in 1 of 16 M0 group (6.3%) and 3 of 3 M2 group (100%). p53 expression was significantly related to the M stage of medulloblastoma/PNET (r=0.73, p<0.001). The detection of p53 was not significantly associated with T stage, cellular differentiation and the relapse rate of medulloblastoma/ PNET.
CONCLUSION
The immunohistochemical detection rate of p53 protein in medulloblastoma/ PNET was 25%. The expression of p53 protein was significantly related to the M stage, with higher expression rate in M2 group of medulloblsatoma/PNET.

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The Prognosis and Expression of p53 , c-erbB-2 in Gastric Cancer Patients: Young Don Kim, Jong Inn Lee, Yong Kyu Kim, Nan Mo Moon, Nam Sun Paik, Dong Wook Choi, Dae Yong Hwang, Ja June Jang, Han Kwang Yang; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(4):534-544.

Abstract PDF: Authors studied the ovcrexpression of p53 and c-erbB-2 in 278 gastric cancer patients who were operated in KCCH from 1985 Jan. to 1987 Jan., by immunohistochemical staining using ar- chival paraffin embedded tissue and the possibility of them as prognostic factors. Overall overexpression rate was 39.2% for p53 and 15.1% for c-erbB-2 respectively. There were no dif- ferences in overexpression rate according to sex, age, Borrmann type, depth of tumor, nodal metastasis, growth pattern, lymphatic or venous invasion, tumor size and distant organ metastasis in both p53 and c-erbB-2. The overexpression rate of c-erbB-2 of well or moderately differentiated type and that of Laurens intestinal type were higher than that of paorly differentiated type and diffuse type. Overall cumulative five year survival rates of positive group for p53 and c-erbB-2 were slightly lower than those of negative group, but the differences of them were not significant. However, cumulative five year survival rate of positive group for c-erbB-2 in intestinal type cancer was lower than that of negative group significantly (0. 035I). So, we suggest that c-erbB-2 overexpression could be a prognostic factor in gastric cancer, especially in intestinal type.

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Expressions of Blood Group Antigen A in Lung Cancer: Pyo Seong Han, Suk Chul Hong, Jong Jin Lee, Hai Jung Cho, Ae Kyung Kim, Ju Ock Kim, Sun Young Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(5):770-778.

Abstract PDF: Background
Blood group anti#gens A, B, and H, identical with those present in erythrocytes, are also found in some normal tissues. The expression of blood group antigens allows the identification of residual pneumocytes inside the tumor and the proper classification of some neoplasms. Variability of blood group antigen expression among tumor cells is a potentially useful indicator of functional tumor cell heterogeneity or progression. We evaluated the prognostic value of expression of blood group antigen A as a prognostic factors. Method: This study analyzed the expressions and losses of blood group antigen A in lung cancer patients with blood type A or AB. The presence of blood-group antigens was assessed immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 30 patients who underwent curative surgery, bronchoscopic biopy, percutaneous needle biopsy, lymph node biopsy for diagnosis of lung cancer from 1991 through 1994. Results; 1) The expression of blood group isoantigen A was observed in 15 cases (50%) 2) The expression of blaod group isoantigen A was observed in 64% of stage II, 47% of stage III, 25% of stage IV. 3) The expression of blood group isoantigen A was observed in 0% of large cell carcinoma, 17 % of small cell carcinoma, 63% of squamous cell carcinoma, 50% of adenocarcinoma, 100% of bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. 4) The losses of blood group isoantigen A were observed in 67% of patient who survived below 1 year, 44% of patients who survived 1 to 2 years, but no loss of expression were observed in patients who survived more than 2 years. 5) The median survival times of expressed group and lossed group of isoantigen A were 16.0, 9.8 months, respetively. 6) The loss of blood group antigen A was higher in patients who had metastatic lymph nade than in patients who had not. Conclusion: the expression of blood group antigen A in cancer cells is important favorable prognostic factor in patients with lung cancer.

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Micrometastases of Axillary Lymph Nodes from Stage 2 a Breast Cancer : Immunohistochemical Detection and Prognostic Significance: Koo Jeong Kang, Hyung Tae Kim, Ki Yong Chung, You Sah Kim, Sang Han Lee, In Soo Suh; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1996;28(5):819-829.

Abstract PDF: This study was performed to identify the cancer cells in lymph nodes taken from women stage IIa breast cancer using routine hematoxyline-eosin(HE) stains. Six hundred and thirty-four lymph nodes were taken from 42 cases of breast cancer. Among these, 31 cases were negative for lymph nodes metastasis and 1l were positive for lymph node metastasis. All 634 lymph nodes were immunostained. Eight of 11 patients(72.7%) who had positive lymph nodes had at least one or more nodes stained by anti-epithelial membrane antibody and 7 of ll patients(63.6%) who had positive nodes had at least one or more nodes stained by anti-cytokeratin(PAN-CK) anti-body. Of the 31 cases of negative lymph nodes, 2 cases of occult micrometastases were detected by immunohistochemical stains. One of the 2 cases was stained by only one monoclonal antibody In the follow up study(a mean of 59.9 months), there were no important prognostic factors for 5 year survival rates according to the following 3 categories: age( < 40 years vs. >=40 years), tumor size(< 2.0cm vs. >=2.0cm), and immunohistochemical stain. The presence of metastatic axillary lymph node was the most important prognostic factor for 5 year disease free survival(p=0.05). The immunohistochemical stain of the axillary lymph nodes was not significant for 5 year overall and disease free survival. One of the 2 patients who had negative axillary nodes by HE stain but positive nodes by immunohistochemical stains had a recurrence within 4 years and 11 months after mastectomy. Immunohistochemical stain for axillary lymph nodes of patients without lymph node metastases is a useful tool for detecting occult micrometastases, however, it is not helpful as a prognostic factor.

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Detection of p53 Gene Mutations in Gastric Cancers: Comparative study of Single Strand Conformational polymorphism migration Technique (SSCP) and Non-Isotopic RNase Cleavage Assay (NIRCA): Young Jin Kim, Ji Yun Kook, Ji Hee Lee, Hyeong Rok Kim, Jae Hwan Joo, Dong Yi Kim, Shin Kon Kim, Soon Pal Suh, Jin Pok Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(2):212-219.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The aim of the present study was: (a) to determine the frequency of p53 mutations by single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products (PCR-SSCP), Non-Isotopic RNase Cleavage Assay (NIRCA) and immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody; and (b) to compare the correlations among these methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Abberations of the p53 gene in 24 primary gastric carcinomas were examined by PCR-SSCP, NIRCA and immunohistochemical staining. Of these surgically resected gastric adenocarcinomas, 23 were advanced gastric carcinomas and 1 was early gastric cancer. Using PCR-SSCP and NIRCA, the presence of mutations in exons 4-9 was evaluated. Using the mouse specific anti-human p53 monoclonal antibody, we also looked for overexpression of the p53 protein in tissue sections.
RESULTS
In 5 cases shifted bands were reproducibly identified by PCR-SSCP, and two mutations were identified in exon 4 and three in 5 & 6. The mutations of exon 4 were detected by NIRCA in 5 cases, exon 5 & 6 in 6 cases, and exon 7 in 2 cases. The p53 mutations detected by PCR-SSCP were also detected by NIRCA except one case. Thirteen of the tumor samples were positively stained with the monoclonal antibody for p53 protein. There was no correlation between p53 mutations detected by NIRCA and expression of p53 protein by immunohistochemical staining.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results in this group of patients suggest that NIRCA is more sensitive than PCR-SSCP in detecting p53 mutations, and expression of p53 protein by immunohistochemical staining does not directely represent the genetic changes of p53 gene.

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The Expression of c-erbB-2 Oncoprotein and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( EGFR ) in Breast Cancer Patients in Korea: Won Park, Nam Sun Paik, Yong Kyu Kim, Nan Mo Moon, Jong Inn Lee, Dong Wook Choi, Dae Yong Hwang, Ja June Jang; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(6):901-912.

Abstract PDF: Samples of breast carcinoma were collected from 1l7 patients who underwent mastectomy in Korea Cancer Center Hospital from Jan. 1982 to Dec. 1984. We studied expression of the c-erbB- 2 oncoprotein and EGFR with the immunohistochemical technique. We also analyzed to clarify the relationship between expression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and/or EGFR and tumor size, node metastasis, stage, histo1ogic grade, TIL, and EIC, and to evaluate the prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and EGFR in breast cancer. EGFR expression rate was 37.6%(44/ ll7) and EGFR status had positive correlation with histologic grade(p<0.05), But, we did not find any other relationship with other clinicopathological prognostic factors. c-erbB-2 expression rate was 64.1%(71/1 l7). There was no relevance between c-erdB-2 expression and other prognostic factors. Higher histologic grade was poorer survival rate. EGFR positive patients had poorer prognosis than negative patients in stage I and II breast cancer(p<0.05).

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