Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Neurocognitive and Psychological Functioning of Children with an Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor: Younghee Park, Eun-Seung Yu, Boram Ha, Hyeon-Jin Park, Jong-Heun Kim, Joo-Young Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(4):960-969. Published online January 4, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.204

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the neurocognitive functioning of children with intracranial germ cell tumor (IGCT) prior to receiving proton beam therapy (PBT), and to identify differential characteristics of their neurocognitive functioning depending on tumor location. As a secondary object of this study, neurocognitive functions were followed up at 1-2 years after PBT to examine early post-treatment changes.
Materials and Methods
Between 2008 and 2014, 34 childrenwith IGCT treatedwho received PBT atNational Cancer Center, Korea were enrolled in this study. Standardized neurocognitive tests of intelligence, memory, and executive functioningwere performedwith baseline psychological assessments using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Follow-up assessments after PBTwere conducted in 20 patients (T2). The results were analyzed based on the locations of tumors, which included the suprasellar, pineal gland, basal ganglia, and bifocal regions.
Results
The neurocognitive function of IGCT patients was significantly lower than that of the normal population in performance intelligence quotient (p=0.041), processing speed (p=0.007), memory (p < 0.001), and executive functioning (p=0.010). Patients with basal ganglia tumors had significantly lower scores for most domains of neurocognitive functioning and higher scores for CBCL than both the normal population and patients with IGCT in other locations. There was no significant change in neurocognitive function between T1 and T2 for all types of IGCT patients in first 1-2 years after PBT.
Conclusion
Tumor location significantly affects the neuropsychological functioning in patients with IGCT. Neuropsychological functioning should be closely monitored from the time of diagnosis in IGCT patients.

Citations

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Jia-Yun Huang, Ting-Chi Yeh, Hsi-Che Liu, Jen-Yin Hou, Tsung-Yu Yen, Chun-Chao Huang, Hsuan-Chih Lao, Che-Sheng Ho, Muh-Lii Liang
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2025; 172(3): 633. CrossRef
Neurocognitive Dysfunction After Treatment for Pediatric Brain Tumors: Subtype-Specific Findings and Proposal for Brain Network-Informed Evaluations
Charlotte Sleurs, Paul Fletcher, Conor Mallucci, Shivaram Avula, Thankamma Ajithkumar
Neuroscience Bulletin.2023; 39(12): 1873. CrossRef
Proton therapy for pediatric diencephalic tumors
Adam J. Grippin, Susan L. McGovern
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Neurocognitive and psychological functioning of pediatric brain tumor patients undergoing proton beam therapy for three different tumor types
Sang Hee Youn, Boram Ha, Eun‐Hee Lee, Boram Park, Song Ei Yang, Eun‐Seung Yu, Joo‐Young Kim
Pediatric Blood & Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system germ cell tumors
Hideo Nakamura, Hirokazu Takami, Takaaki Yanagisawa, Toshihiro Kumabe, Takamitsu Fujimaki, Yoshiki Arakawa, Katsuyuki Karasawa, Keita Terashima, Hideaki Yokoo, Kohei Fukuoka, Yukihiko Sonoda, Kaori Sakurada, Yohei Mineharu, Toshinori Soejima, Motoaki Fuji
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Nationwide Population-Based Incidence and Survival Rates of Malignant Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors in Korea, 2005-2012: Seung Hoon Lee, Kyu-Won Jung, Johyun Ha, Chang-Mo Oh, Hyeseon Kim, Hyeon Jin Park, Heon Yoo, Young-Joo Won; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):494-501. Published online August 24, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.129

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Malignant central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCTs), although rare, are thought to occur more frequently among Asians. However, a recent population-based study revealed no differences in GCT incidence between Asians and Caucasians. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the incidence and survival rates of CNS GCTs using the national cancer incidence database, and to compare these rates to those in the United States and Japan.
Materials and Methods
We extracted CNS GCT patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2012 from the Korea Central Cancer Registry database. Age-standardized rates (ASRs), annual percentage change, and the male-female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. To estimate the survival rate, we used data for patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 and followed their cases until December 31, 2013.
Results
The ASR for CNS GCT between 2005 and 2012 was 0.179 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval, 0.166 to 0.193), with an overall male-to-female (M:F) IRR of 2.95:1. However, when stratified by site, the M:F IRR was 13.62:1 for tumors of the pineal region and 1.87:1 for those located in nonpineal regions. The most frequent histologic type was germinoma (76.0%), and the most frequent location was the suprasellar region (48.5%). The 5-year survival rate of germinoma patients was 95.3%.
Conclusion
The incidence rate of CNS GCTs in Korea during 2005-2012 was 0.179 per 100,000, which was similar to that of the Asian/Pacific Islander subpopulation in the United States. Moreover, the CNS GCT survival rate in Korea was similar to rates in Japan and the United States.

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