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Original Articles
The Profile of Gut Microbiota in Carcinogenesis Driven by Mutant EGFR in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Da-Som Kim, Eun Hye Kim, Ji Yong Kim, Dong Ha Kim, Yun Jung Choi, Jaeyi Jeong, Young Hoon Sung, Dong-Cheol Woo, Chong Jai Kim, Jae Cheol Lee, Miyong Yun, Jin-Yong Jeong, Jin Kyung Rho
Received December 9, 2024  Accepted March 2, 2025  Published online March 4, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1177    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Accumulating evidence has clarified that gut dysbiosis is involved in lung cancer development and progression. Although the relationship between tumors and gut microbiota has been extensively studied using clinical samples, no studies have examined the association between mutant EGFR-induced lung carcinogenesis and dysbiosis in gut microbiota. Therefore, we investigated the gut microbiota profiles in stool samples from human lung-specific conditional EGFR-mutant transgenic mice during lung tumor carcinogenesis.
Materials and Methods
Stool samples were collected before tamoxifen treatment (V1) and at each time point following mutant EGFR expression in lung tissue (V2) and lung tumor appearance (V3). Fecal 16S rRNA taxonomy was analyzed to assess microbial diversity, composition, and dynamic changes at each time point.
Results
We found that microbiota richness and diversity were significantly elevated when tumors developed and grew in the lung. Phylogenetic analysis of the microbial community revealed that Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Odoribacteraceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae showed a significant increase at the V3 stage compared to the V1 stage at the family level. In contrast, Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Muribaculaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and Rikenellaceae significantly decreased at the V3 stage compared to the V1 stage. Furthermore, Lactobacillus species, also known as SCFA-producing bacteria, were relatively abundant at the V1 stage but were depleted with the occurrence of lung tumors at the V3 stage.
Conclusion
Changes in gut microbiota, such as Lactobacillus species, may be a predictive factor for the emergence and progression of tumors in an animal model of lung adenocarcinoma induced by mutant EGFR.
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Sex-specific Molecular Markers NRF2 and PD-L1 in Colon Carcinogenesis: Implications for Right-sided Colon Cancer
Chin-Hee Song, Yonghoon Choi, Nayoung Kim, Ryoung Hee Nam, Jin Won Kim, Jae Young Jang, Eun Hye Kim, Sungchan Ha, Ha-Na Lee
Received August 22, 2024  Accepted December 26, 2024  Published online December 27, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.818    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study examined the roles of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in colon carcinogenesis, underscoring on sex and differences in tumor location.
Materials and Methods
A total of 378 participants were enrolled from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital: 88 healthy controls (HC), 139 patients with colorectal adenoma (AD), and 151 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), methylation-specific PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed utilizing tumor samples from patients and normal mucosa in the HC group.
Results
NRF2 mRNA expression was higher in the CRC group than in the HC and AD groups, with decreased NRF2 methylation in the AD and CRC groups. NRF2 protein expression, as evaluated by IHC, increased in the AD and CRC groups relative to that in the HC group. PD-L1 protein expression was remarkably higher in the CRC group than in the HC and AD groups. These patterns were consistent in both males and females. In sex- and CRC location-specific analyses, NRF2 methylation was lower in female than in male patients with CRC. NRF2 protein expression was significantly higher in females, particularly in patients with right-sided CRC. Moreover, females exhibited increased PD-L1 mRNA expression compared to males in the AD group, and PD-L1 mRNA levels were higher in females with right-sided CRC than in those with cancer at other locations.
Conclusion
Differences in NRF2 and PD-L1 expression indicate site-specific colon carcinogenesis based on sex, particularly in females with right-sided CRC.
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Genitourinary cancer
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of Urethra: Clinical and Pathologic Implications and Characterization of Molecular Aberrations
Boram Song, Seok Hyun Lee, Jeong Hwan Park, Kyung Chul Moon
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):280-293.   Published online September 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.577
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the molecular features of clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the urinary tract and investigate its pathogenic pathways and possible actionable targets.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively collected the data of patients with CCA between January 1999 and December 2016; the data were independently reviewed by two pathologists. We selected five cases of urinary CCA, based on the clinicopathological features. We analyzed these five cases by whole exome sequencing (WES) and subsequent bioinformatics analyses to determine the mutational spectrum and possible pathogenic pathways.
Results
All patients were female with a median age of 62 years. All tumors were located in the urethra and showed aggressive behavior with disease progression. WES revealed several genetic alterations, including driver gene mutations (AMER1, ARID1A, CHD4, KMT2D, KRAS, PBRM1, and PIK3R1) and mutations in other important genes with tumor-suppressive and oncogenic roles (CSMD3, KEAP1, SMARCA4, and CACNA1D). We suggest putative pathogenic pathways (chromatin remodeling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway) as candidates for targeted therapies.
Conclusion
Our findings shed light on the molecular background of this extremely rare tumor with poor prognosis and can help improve treatment options.

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  • Urethral clear cell adenocarcinoma in an adult female: A rare case report
    Yacob Sheiferawe Seman, Michael Teklehaimanot Abera, Fadil Nuredin Abrar, Tesfaye Kebede Legesse, Mesfin Asefa Tola, Tsiyon Nigusie Alemu
    Urology Case Reports.2025; 58: 102882.     CrossRef
  • Two rare cases of primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra: clinical experience, case report and literature review
    Bohao Jiang, Jiyuan Hu, Benqiao Wang, Xujia Liu, Ling Tong, Yitong Xu, Hao Zhang
    Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between CACNA1D polymorphisms and hypospadias in a southern Chinese population
    Ye He, Binyao Li, Xinying Zhao, Lingling Pan, Yanqing Liu, Chaoting Lan, Fuming Deng, Wen Fu, Yan Zhang, Xiaoyu Zuo
    Journal of Pediatric Urology.2024; 20(3): 438.e1.     CrossRef
  • The L‐type calcium channel CaV1.3: A potential target for cancer therapy
    Xuerun Liu, Boqiang Shen, Jingyi Zhou, Juan Hao, Jianliu Wang
    Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,953 View
  • 196 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
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Breast cancer
Short-term Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Risk of Breast Cancer in BRCA Mutation Carriers: A Nationwide Study in South Korea
Hye Yeon Kim, Jisoo Park, Seok Joo Moon, Sohyeon Jeong, Jin Hwa Hong, Jae Kwan Lee, Geum Joon Cho, Hyun-Woong Cho
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):143-148.   Published online August 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.653
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
BRCA1/2 mutations are well-known risk factors for breast and ovarian cancers in women. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is the standard treatment for preventing ovarian cancer with BRCA mutations. Postmenopausal syndrome (symptoms after RRSO can be alleviated by hormone replacement therapy (HRT); however, the use of HRT in carriers of BRCA mutations has been controversial because of the concern that HRT increases the risk of breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HRT in BRCA mutation carriers who underwent RRSO.
Materials and Methods
A total of 151 carriers, who underwent RRSO between 2013 and 2020 after the diagnosis of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations were selected and followed up for a median of 3.03 years. Patients were divided into two groups: those who received HRT after RRSO (n=33) and those who did not (n=118). We compared the incidence of breast cancer over time between these two groups.
Results
There was no significant difference in the incidence of breast cancer between women who received HRT and those who did not (p=0.229). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and parity revealed no significant difference in the risk of breast cancer between these two groups (hazard ratio, 0.312; 95% confidence interval, 0.039 to 2.480; p=0.278).
Conclusion
In this study, we found no relationship between post-RRSO HRT and breast cancer in the population with BRCA mutations. Therefore, healthcare providers may consider the alleviation of symptoms of postmenopausal syndrome through HRT in patients who underwent RRSO.

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  • A contemporary review of breast cancer risk factors and the role of artificial intelligence
    Orietta Nicolis, Denisse De Los Angeles, Carla Taramasco
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,449 View
  • 253 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Clinical Significance of Major Angiogenesis-Related Effectors in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated with Trastuzumab-Based Regimens
Helen P. Kourea, Foteinos-Ioannis Dimitrakopoulos, Georgia-Angeliki Koliou, Anna Batistatou, Kyriaki Papadopoulou, Mattheos Bobos, Anthoula Asimaki-Vlachopoulou, Sofia Chrisafi, Kitty Pavlakis, Kyriakos Chatzopoulos, Eleni Galani, George Pentheroudakis, Dimitrios Pectasides, Dimitrios Bafaloukos, Eleni Res, Pavlos Papakostas, Angelos Koutras, Vassiliki Kotoula, George Fountzilas
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1053-1064.   Published online November 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.748
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Angiogenesis is a crucial phenomenon in the development and progression of breast cancer (BC), but the clinical significance of angiogenesis-related proteins in metastatic BC remains unknown. This study investigates the prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, 3 (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3) as well as vascular endothelial growth factors A and C (VEGFA and VEGFC) in metastatic BC patients treated with trastuzumab-based regimens.
Materials and Methods
Two hundred female patients were included. Protein and mRNA expression of the studied angiogenesis-related factors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively.
Results
High expression of VEGFA, VEGFC, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 in the tumor cells was observed in 43.5%, 24.2%, 36%, 29.5%, and 43%, respectively. Stromal elements expressed high levels of VEGFA, VEGFC, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 in 78.9%, 93.3%, 90.7%, 90.2%, and 74.8% of tumors with available data. High tumor cell expression of VEGFR1 was a favorable prognosticator for survival among patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive tumors (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; p=0.013). A trend towards longer progression-free survival was detected univariately for patients with HER2-negative tumors and high expression of VEGFR2 (HR, 0.60; p=0.059).
Conclusion
VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 seem to have significant prognostic value in BC patients with metastatic disease treated with trastuzumab-based regimens.

Citations

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  • Apatinib beyond first progression is associated with prolonged overall survival in patients with advanced breast cancer: Results from an observational study
    Jing Wang, Jinghao Jia, Jingjing Liu, Xuemin Yao, Zhiyong Yuan
    Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,429 View
  • 110 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Pediatric cancer
The Broad Variability in Dental Age Observed among Childhood Survivors Is Cancer Specific
Patrycja Proc, Joanna Szczepańska, Małgorzata Zubowska, Beata Zalewska-Szewczyk, Wojciech Młynarski
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(1):252-260.   Published online August 24, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.275
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The study aimed to assess the differences in dental maturation between childhood cancer survivors and healthy children.
Materials and Methods
Fifty-nine cancer patients including 16 (27.1%) girls and 43 (72.8%) boys, aged between 4 and 16 years, underwent dental and radiographic examinations. The mean duration of anticancer therapy was 16.8 months (range, 1 to 47 months), and 4.6 years (range, 8 to 123 months) had passed since the termination of disease. The control group consisted of 177 panoramic radiographs of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Dental age (DA) was estimated with Demirjian’s scale and delta age, i.e., DA–chronological age (CA), was used to compare groups.
Results
The DA of cancer survivors was accelerated by almost 1 year compared to their CA (9.9±3.1 vs. 8.9±2.8, p=0.040). The greatest difference was observed among patients with brain tumor: delta (DA–CA) was 2.2±1.1 years. Among all cancer patients, only children with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-associated hepatoblastoma (HP) demonstrated delayed DA, with regard to both other cancer survivors (p=0.011) and healthy patients (p=0.037). All four patients with HP suffered from FAP, and three of them had documented adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) genes mutation. The DA of cancer patients having teeth with short roots was significantly greater than that of the cancer survivors without this anomaly (12.8±3.2 vs. 9.0±2.4, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
DA in children may be altered by cancer disease.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Dental management of long-term childhood cancer survivors: a systematic review
    K. Seremidi, S. Gizani, G. Dahllöf, M. Barr-Agholme, D. Kloukos, G. Tsilingaridis
    European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.2024; 25(5): 611.     CrossRef
  • Dental age estimation in children that have undergone antineoplastic treatment
    A. Mitsea, K. Seremidi, A. Tsiligianni, S. Gizani
    European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.2022; 23(2): 243.     CrossRef
  • Comparative Study of Malocclusions between Cancer Patients and Healthy Peers
    Patrycja Proc, Joanna Szczepanska, Anna Herud, Malgorzata Zubowska, Wojciech Fendler, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Wojciech Mlynarski
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(7): 4045.     CrossRef
  • 6,975 View
  • 105 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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A Radiosensitivity Gene Signature and PD-L1 Status Predict Clinical Outcome of Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme in The Cancer Genome Atlas Dataset
Bum-Sup Jang, In Ah Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(2):530-542.   Published online November 20, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.440
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Combination of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade such as programmed death- 1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade is being actively tested in clinical trial. We aimed to identify a subset of patients that could potentially benefit from this strategy using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for glioblastoma (GBM).
Materials and Methods
A total of 399 cases were clustered into radiosensitive versus radioresistant (RR) groups based on a radiosensitivity gene signature and were also stratified as PD-L1 high versus PD-L1 low groups by expression of CD274 mRNA. Differential and integrated analyses with expression and methylation data were performed. CIBERSORT was used to enumerate the immune repertoire that resulted from transcriptome profiles.
Results
We identified a subset of GBM, PD-L1-high-RR group which showed worse survival compared to others. In PD-L1-high-RR, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were highly enriched for immune response and mapped into activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase–AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Integration of DEG and differentially methylated region identified that the kinase MAP3K8-involved in T-cell receptor signaling was upregulated and BAI1, a factor which inhibits angiogenesis, was silenced. CIBERSORT showed that a higher infiltration of the immune repertoire, which included M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells.
Conclusion
Taken together, PD-L1-high-RR group could potentially benefit from radiotherapy combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and angiogenesis inhibition.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Clinical Biomarkers of Tumour Radiosensitivity and Predicting Benefit from Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review
    Christopher W. Bleaney, Hebatalla Abdelaal, Mark Reardon, Carmel Anandadas, Peter Hoskin, Ananya Choudhury, Laura Forker
    Cancers.2024; 16(10): 1942.     CrossRef
  • A retrospective cohort study of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in locally advanced rectal cancer
    Zhuo Chen, Zhuoling Zou, Min Qian, Qin Xu, Guojuan Xue, Juan Yang, Tinglan Luo, Lianjie Hu, Bin Wang
    Translational Oncology.2024; 44: 101955.     CrossRef
  • Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives
    Hao Lin, Chaxian Liu, Ankang Hu, Duanwu Zhang, Hui Yang, Ying Mao
    Journal of Hematology & Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • PSF-lncRNA interaction as a target for novel targeted anticancer therapies
    Ren Liu, Xiaojing Wang, Min Zhou, Jingfang Zhai, Jie Sun
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 180: 117491.     CrossRef
  • Bladder Cancer Treatments in the Age of Personalized Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Potential Radiosensitivity Biomarkers
    Charbel Feghaly, Rafka Challita, Hanine Bou Hadir, Tala Mobayed, Tarek Al Bitar, Mohammad Harbi, Hala Ghorayeb, Rana El-Hassan, Larry Bodgi
    Biomarker Insights.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Improving the efficacy of combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy: focusing on the effects of radiosensitivity
    Zhiru Gao, Qian Zhao, Yiyue Xu, Linlin Wang
    Radiation Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In Vivo Evaluation of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for TIM3 Targeting in Mouse Glioma
    Michael Zhang, Quan Zhou, Chinghsin Huang, Carmel T. Chan, Wei Wu, Gordon Li, Michael Lim, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Heike E. Daldrup-Link
    Molecular Imaging and Biology.2022; 24(2): 280.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Macrophage and Radiosensitivity in Human Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma: In Silico Analysis with Publicly Available Datasets
    Bum-Sup Jang, In Ah Kim
    Biomedicines.2022; 10(2): 292.     CrossRef
  • Optimal management of recurrent and metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma: Implications of intensity modulated radiation therapy
    Mi Sun Kim, Woong Sub Koom, Jae Ho Cho, Se-Young Kim, Ik Jae Lee
    Radiation Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Translational landscape of glioblastoma immunotherapy for physicians: guiding clinical practice with basic scientific evidence
    Daniel Kreatsoulas, Chelsea Bolyard, Bill X. Wu, Hakan Cam, Pierre Giglio, Zihai Li
    Journal of Hematology & Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Next Frontier in Health Disparities—A Closer Look at Exploring Sex Differences in Glioma Data and Omics Analysis, from Bench to Bedside and Back
    Maria Diaz Rosario, Harpreet Kaur, Erdal Tasci, Uma Shankavaram, Mary Sproull, Ying Zhuge, Kevin Camphausen, Andra Krauze
    Biomolecules.2022; 12(9): 1203.     CrossRef
  • Immunosuppression in Gliomas via PD-1/PD-L1 Axis and Adenosine Pathway
    Thamiris Becker Scheffel, Nathália Grave, Pedro Vargas, Fernando Mendonça Diz, Liliana Rockenbach, Fernanda Bueno Morrone
    Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Combination of Radiotherapy With Immunotherapy and Potential Predictive Biomarkers for Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
    Lu Meng, Jianfang Xu, Ying Ye, Yingying Wang, Shilan Luo, Xiaomei Gong
    Frontiers in Immunology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Explore association of genes in PDL1/PD1 pathway to radiotherapy survival benefit based on interaction model strategy
    Junjie Shen, Jingfang Liu, Huijun Li, Lu Bai, Zixuan Du, Ruirui Geng, Jianping Cao, Peng Sun, Zaixiang Tang
    Radiation Oncology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Combination of Radiosensitivity Gene Signature and PD-L1 Status Predicts Clinical Outcome of Patients With Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Study Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Dataset
    Dongjun Dai, Yinglu Guo, Yongjie Shui, Jinfan Li, Biao Jiang, Qichun Wei
    Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Values of Radiosensitivity Genes and CD19 Status in Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study Using TCGA Database


    Li-Bo Liang, Xin-Yan Huang, He He, Ji-Yan Liu
    Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine.2020; Volume 13: 365.     CrossRef
  • Gene signature based on B cell predicts clinical outcome of radiotherapy and immunotherapy for patients with lung adenocarcinoma
    Linzhi Han, Hongjie Shi, Yuan Luo, Wenjie Sun, Shuying Li, Nannan Zhang, Xueping Jiang, Yan Gong, Conghua Xie
    Cancer Medicine.2020; 9(24): 9581.     CrossRef
  • 7,742 View
  • 261 Download
  • 19 Web of Science
  • 17 Crossref
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Apatinib Combined with Local Irradiation Leads to Systemic Tumor Control via Reversal of Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Cancer
Li-jun Liang, Chen-xi Hu, Yi-xuan Wen, Xiao-wei Geng, Ting Chen, Guo-qing Gu, Lei Wang, You-you Xia, Yong Liu, Jia-yan Fei, Jie Dong, Feng-hua Zhao, Yiliyar Ahongjiang, Kai-yuan Hui, Xiao-dong Jiang
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(2):406-418.   Published online September 3, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.296
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the potential systemic antitumor effects of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) and apatinib (a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor) via reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for lung carcinoma.
Materials and Methods
Lewis lung cancer cells were injected into C57BL/6 mice in the left hindlimb (primary tumor; irradiated) and in the right flank (secondary tumor; nonirradiated). When both tumors grew to the touchable size, mice were randomly divided into eight treatment groups. These groups received normal saline or three distinct doses of apatinib (50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) daily for 7 days, in combination with a single dose of 15 Gy radiotherapy or not to the primary tumor. The further tumor growth/regression of mice were followed and observed.
Results
For the single 15 Gy modality, tumor growth delay could only be observed at the primary tumor. When combining SABR and apatinib 200 mg/kg, significant retardation of both primary and secondary tumor growth could be observed, indicated an abscopal effect was induced. Mechanism analysis suggested that programmed death-ligand 1 expression increased with SABR was counteract by additional apatinib therapy. Furthermore, when apatinib was combined with SABR, the composition of immune cells could be changed. More importantly, this two-pronged approach evoked tumor antigen–specific immune responses and the mice were resistant to another tumor rechallenge, finally, long-term survival was improved.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that the tumor microenvironment could be managed with apatinib, which was effective in eliciting an abscopal effect induced by SABR.

Citations

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  • Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Different Second-line Therapies for Patients With Advanced Thymic Carcinoma
    K. Shao, Y. Hao, M. Xu, Z. Shi, G. Lin, C. Xu, Y. Zhang, Z. Song
    Clinical Oncology.2024; 36(11): 710.     CrossRef
  • Immune effect and prognosis of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
    Yuan Guo, Ru-Chun Li, Wei-Li Xia, Xiong Yang, Wen-Bo Zhu, Fang-Ting Li, Hong-Tao Hu, Hai-Liang Li
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2024; 16(7): 3256.     CrossRef
  • A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 expression inhibition by the small molecules adenosine, cordycepin and N6, N6-dimethyladenosine and immune regulation in malignant cancers
    Wenqian Zhang, Jiewen Fu, Jiaman Du, Xiaoyan Liu, Jingliang Cheng, Chunli Wei, Youhua Xu, Junjiang Fu
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antiangiogenic Treatment Facilitates the Abscopal Effect of Radiation Therapy Combined With Anti-PD-1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Hailong Sheng, Yongyi Luo, Liting Zhong, Zhiyi Wang, Zhichao Sun, Xinna Gao, Xinrong He, Zhenru Zhu, Dehua Wu, Jingyuan Sun, Chuanhui Cao
    International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Low‐ dose Apatinib promotes vascular normalization and hypoxia reduction and sensitizes radiotherapy in lung cancer
    Shanshan Jiang, Yue Zhou, Liqing Zou, Li Chu, Xiao Chu, Jianjiao Ni, Yida Li, Tiantian Guo, Xi Yang, Zhengfei Zhu
    Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(4): 4434.     CrossRef
  • Local Destruction of Tumors and Systemic Immune Effects
    Karl-Göran Tranberg
    Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A novel role for apatinib in enhancing radiosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer cells by suppressing the AKT and ERK pathways
    Lin Li, Yuexian Li, Huawei Zou
    PeerJ.2021; 9: e12356.     CrossRef
  • 9,867 View
  • 362 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
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KIF11 Functions as an Oncogene and Is Associated with Poor Outcomes from Breast Cancer
Juan Zhou, Wei-Rong Chen, Li-Chao Yang, Jun Wang, Jia-Yuan Sun, Wen-Wen Zhang, Zhen-Yu He, San-Gang Wu
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1207-1221.   Published online December 27, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.460
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The study aimed to search and identify genes that were differentially expressed in breast cancer, and their roles in cancer growth and progression.
Materials and Methods
The Gene Expression Omnibus (Oncomine) and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases (https://cancergenome.nih.gov/) were screened for genes that were expressed differentially in breast cancer and were closely related to a poor prognosis. Gene expressions were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and genes were knocked down by a lentivirus-based system. Cell growth and motility were evaluated and in vivo nude mice were used to confirm the in vitro roles of genes. Markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the associations of KIF11 with the classical cancer signaling pathways were detected by Western blot.
Results
A series of genes expressed differentially in patients with breast cancer. The prognosis associated with high KIF11 expression was poor, and the expression of KIF11 increased significantly in high stage and malignant tumor cells. Inhibiting KIF11 expression in lentivirus-suppressed cells revealed that KIF11 inhibition significantly reduced cell viability and colony formation, inhibited migration and invasion, but promoted apoptosis. The sizes and weights of KIF11-inhibited tumors in nude mice were significantly lower than in the negative controls. Western blot showed that E-cadherin in breast cancer was significantly upregulated in KIF-inhibited cells and tumor tissues, whereas N-cadherin and vimentin were significantly downregulated. BT549 and MDA231 cells with KIF11 knockdown exhibited decreased ERK, AMPK, AKT, and CREB phosphorylation.
Conclusion
KIF11 acts as a potential oncogene that regulates the development and progression of breast cancer.

Citations

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  • HELLS Knockdown Inhibits the Malignant Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma Via Blocking Akt/CREB Pathway by Downregulating KIF11
    Gang Yang, Jinsong Fu, Jiawei Wang, Mei Ding
    Molecular Biotechnology.2025; 67(2): 548.     CrossRef
  • Identification of potential biomarkers for 2022 Mpox virus infection: a transcriptomic network analysis and machine learning approach
    Joy Prokash Debnath, Kabir Hossen, Sabrina Bintay Sayed, Md. Sayeam Khandaker, Preonath Chondrow Dev, Saifuddin Sarker, Tanvir Hossain
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • GPSM1 interacts and cooperates with MMP19 to promote proliferation and EMT in colorectal cancer cells
    Lu Wang, Na Li, Yang Chen, Yehua Qiao, Yaolin Song, Xiangyan Zhang, Han Zhao, Wenwen Ran, Guangqi Li, Xiaoming Xing
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research.2025; 1872(3): 119903.     CrossRef
  • Identification and validation of the important role of KIF11 in the development and progression of endometrial cancer
    Biying Wang, Lunmin Bao, Xiaoduo Li, Guang Sun, Wu Yang, Nanzi Xie, Ling Lei, Wei Chen, Hailong Zhang, Man Chen, Xing Zhao, Xiufang Wan, Rui Yuan, Hongmei Jiang
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Genetic Risk Score, Combined Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Young Ae Cho, Jeonghee Lee, Jae Hwan Oh, Hee Jin Chang, Dae Kyung Sohn, Aesun Shin, Jeongseon Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1033-1040.   Published online October 18, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.447
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Both genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer, but each individual factor has a limited effect. Therefore, we investigated the association between colorectal cancer and the combined effects of genetic factors or/and lifestyle risk factors.
Materials and Methods
In a case-control study of 632 colorectal cancer patients and 1,295 healthy controls, we quantified the genetic risk score for colorectal cancer using 13 polymorphisms. Furthermore, we determined a combined lifestyle risk score including obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary inflammatory index. The associations between colorectal cancer and risk score using these factors were examined using a logistic regression model.
Results
Higher genetic risk scores were associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89 to 3.49 for the highest tertile vs. lowest tertile). Among the modifiable factors, previous body mass index, physical inactivity, heavy alcohol consumption, and a high inflammatory diet were associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. A higher lifestyle risk score was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR, 5.82; 95% CI, 4.02 to 8.44 for the highest tertile vs. lowest tertile). This association was similar in each genetic risk category.
Conclusion
Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with a substantially reduced risk of colorectal cancer regardless of individuals’ genetic risk.

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Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of BRCA1/2 Mutation in Korean Ovarian Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Study and Literature Review
Byung Su Kwon, Jung Mi Byun, Hyun Joo Lee, Dae Hoon Jeong, Tae Hwa Lee, Kyung-Hwa Shin, Dong Soo Suh, Ki Hyung Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):941-950.   Published online October 8, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.312
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
We investigated the clinical relevance and spectrum of BRCA1/2 mutations in Korean ovarian cancer (KoOC) patients.
Materials and Methods
Two hundred seventy-nine KoOC patients were enrolled from three university hospitals between 2012 and 2017. Their peripheral blood samples were obtained for BRCA1/2 mutation analysis by direct sequencing. Clinicopathological characteristics were retrospectively reviewed, and spectrum analyses of BRCA1/2 mutation were assessed by systematic literature review.
Results
Frequency of BRCA1/2 mutations was 16.5% in KoOC patients. BRCA1/2 mutations were significantly associated with family history of breast/ovarian cancer (p<0.001), serous histology (p=0.044), and advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (III/IV, p=0.018) but not with early age-of-onset (age < 50, p=0.729). Literature review of BRCA1/2 mutations in KoOC patients found 111 (55 distinct) mutations with high proportion of Korean-specific mutations (24/55, 43.6%). Comparing the spectrum of BRCA1/2 mutation between KoOC and Korean breast cancer (KoBC) patients, the ratio of BRCA1-to-BRCA2 mutations was different, with BRCA1 (78.4%) being predominant in KoOC and BRCA2 in KoBC (59.2%). The most common mutation also differed between the two (c.3627insA of BRCA1 in KoOC and c.7480C>T of BRCA2 in KoBC).
Conclusion
The clinical relevance of BRCA1/2 mutations in KoOC patients was confirmed but that of early age-of-onset was not. Possible inconsistency in the ratio of BRCA1-to-BRCA2 mutations and the most common mutation between KoOC and KoBC may probably suggest presence of mutation sequence-associated penetrance tendency in hereditary Korean breast and ovarian cancer. These data may provide insights for optimal genetic counseling and prophylactic treatment for at-risk relatives of KoOC patients.

Citations

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Long Noncoding RNA HEIH Promotes Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis via Counteracting miR-939‒Mediated Transcriptional Repression of Bcl-xL
Chunhui Cui, Duanyang Zhai, Lianxu Cai, Qiaobin Duan, Lang Xie, Jinlong Yu
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(3):992-1008.   Published online October 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.226
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Studies have found that long noncoding RNA HEIH (lncRNA-HEIH) is upregulated and facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth. However, its clinical significances, roles, and action mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unidentified.
Materials and Methods
lncRNA-HEIH expression in CRC tissues and cell lines was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell CountingKit-8, ethynyl deoxyuridine incorporation assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, and nude mice xenografts assays were performed to investigate the roles of lncRNA-HEIH. RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the action mechanisms of lncRNA-HEIH.
Results
In this study, we found that lncRNA-HEIH is significantly increased in CRC tissues and cell lines. lncRNA-HEIH expression is positively associated with tumor size, invasion depth, and poor prognosis of CRC patients. Enhanced expression of lncRNA-HEIH promotes CRC cell proliferation and decreases apoptosis in vitro, and promotes CRC tumor growth in vivo. Whereas knockdown of lncRNA-HEIH inhibits CRC cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in vitro, and suppresses CRC tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, lncRNA-HEIH physically binds to miR-939. The interaction between lncRNA-HEIH and miR-939 damages the binding between miR-939 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), increases the binding of NF-κB to Bcl-xL promoter, and promotes the transcription and expression of Bcl-xL. Moreover, Bcl-xL expression is positively associatedwith lncRNA-HEIH in CRC tissues. Blocking the interaction between lncRNA-HEIH and miR-939 abolishes the effects of lncRNA-HEIH on CRC tumorigenesis.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that lncRNA-HEIH promotes CRC tumorigenesis through counteracting miR-939‒mediated transcriptional repression of Bcl-xL, and suggested that lncRNA-HEIH may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.

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Clinical Risk Factors Influencing Dental Developmental Disturbances in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Chung-Min Kang, Seung Min Hahn, Hyo Sun Kim, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Jae-Ho Lee, Jinae Lee, Jung Woo Han
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(3):926-935.   Published online October 10, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.296
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Although studies regarding dental developmental disturbances after childhood cancer treatment have increased, they have many limitations. Studies analyzing the significance of independent clinical risk factors with regard to the dental health status are also rare. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for dental developmental disturbances, particularly severe disturbances, in childhood cancer survivors (CCS).
Materials and Methods
Oral examinations and retrospective reviews of medical and panoramic radiographs were performed for 196 CCS (mean age, 15.6 years). Cancer type, age at diagnosis, treatment modality, type and accumulated dose of administered drugs, and dose and site of radiation were recorded. Dental developmental disturbances were diagnosed using panoramic radiographs and graded for severity according to the Modified Dental Defect Index (MDDI). Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyseswere performed to determine the association between dental abnormalities and clinical factors.
Results
In total, 109 CCS (55.6%) exhibited at least one dental anomaly, and the median value of MDDI was 2.5. Microdontia (30.6%) was the most prevalent anomaly, followed by tooth agenesis (20.4%), V-shaped roots (14.8%), and taurodontism (10.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed that a young age at diagnosis (≤ 3 years), a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the use of multiple classes of chemotherapeutic agents (≥ 4 classes), and the use of heavy metal agents were significant risk factors for severe dental disturbances.
Conclusion
CCS with any of the above risk factors for severe developmental disturbances should be comprehensively followed up to minimize adverse consequences to their dental development and preserve their future dental health.

Citations

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    Carina Nigg, Corinne Matti, Philippa Jörger, Andre O. von Bueren, Cornelia Filippi, Tamara Diesch‐Furlanetto, Zuzana Tomášiková, Claudia E. Kuehni, Grit Sommer
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    Tatsuya Akitomo, Yasuko Tsuge, Chieko Mitsuhata, Ryota Nomura
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Comparison of Ion Personal Genome Machine Platforms for the Detection of Variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2
Sang Mee Hwang, Ki Chan Lee, Min Seob Lee, Kyoung Un Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):255-264.   Published online April 7, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.062
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Transition to next generation sequencing (NGS) for BRCA1/BRCA2 analysis in clinical laboratories is ongoing but different platforms and/or data analysis pipelines give different results resulting in difficulties in implementation. We have evaluated the Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGM) Platforms (Ion PGM, Ion PGM Dx, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for the analysis of BRCA1/2.
Materials and Methods
The results of Ion PGM with OTG-snpcaller, a pipeline based on Torrent mapping alignment program and Genome Analysis Toolkit, from 75 clinical samples and 14 reference DNA samples were compared with Sanger sequencing for BRCA1/BRCA2. Ten clinical samples and 14 reference DNA samples were additionally sequenced by Ion PGM Dx with Torrent Suite.
Results
Fifty types of variants including 18 pathogenic or variants of unknown significance were identified from 75 clinical samples and known variants of the reference samples were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and/or NGS. One false-negative results were present for Ion PGM/OTG-snpcaller for an indel variant misidentified as a single nucleotide variant. However, eight discordant results were present for Ion PGM Dx/Torrent Suite with both falsepositive and -negative results. A 40-bp deletion, a 4-bp deletion and a 1-bp deletion variant was not called and a false-positive deletion was identified. Four other variants were misidentified as another variant.
Conclusion
Ion PGM/OTG-snpcaller showed acceptable performance with good concordance with Sanger sequencing. However, Ion PGM Dx/Torrent Suite showed many discrepant results not suitable for use in a clinical laboratory, requiring further optimization of the data analysis for calling variants.

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Review Article
Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: A Systematic Review
Li-Tzong Chen, Do-Youn Oh, Min-Hee Ryu, Kun-Huei Yeh, Winnie Yeo, Roberto Carlesi, Rebecca Cheng, Jongseok Kim, Mauro Orlando, Yoon-Koo Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(4):851-868.   Published online January 3, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.176
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Despite advancements in therapy for advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers, their prognosis remains dismal. Tumor angiogenesis plays a key role in cancer growth and metastasis, and recent studies indicate that pharmacologic blockade of angiogenesis is a promising approach to therapy. In this systematic review, we summarize current literature on the clinical benefit of anti-angiogenic agents in advanced gastric cancer. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and conference proceedings including the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the European Society for Medical Oncology, and the European Cancer Congress. Included studies aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-angiogenic agents in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Each trial investigated at least one of the following endpoints: overall survival, progression-free survival/time to progression, and/or objective response rate. Our search yielded 139 publications. Forty-two met the predefined inclusion criteria. Included studies reported outcomes with apatinib, axitinib, bevacizumab, orantinib, pazopanib, ramucirumab, regorafenib, sorafenib, sunitinib, telatinib, and vandetanib. Second-line therapy with ramucirumab and third-line therapy with apatinib are the only anti-angiogenic agents so far shown to significantly improve survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Overall, agents that specifically target the vascular endothelial growth factor ligand or receptor have better safety profile compared to multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

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Original Articles
Underexpression of HOXA11 Is Associated with Treatment Resistance and Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma
Young-Bem Se, Seung Hyun Kim, Ji Young Kim, Ja Eun Kim, Yun-Sik Dho, Jin Wook Kim, Yong Hwy Kim, Hyun Goo Woo, Se-Hyuk Kim, Shin-Hyuk Kang, Hak Jae Kim, Tae Min Kim, Soon-Tae Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Sung-Hye Park, Il Han Kim, Dong Gyu Kim, Chul-Kee Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):387-398.   Published online July 19, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.106
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Homeobox (HOX) genes are essential developmental regulators that should normally be in the silenced state in an adult brain. The aberrant expression of HOX genes has been associated with the prognosis of many cancer types, including glioblastoma (GBM). This study examined the identity and role of HOX genes affecting GBM prognosis and treatment resistance.
Materials and Methods
The full series of HOX genes of five pairs of initial and recurrent human GBM samples were screened by microarray analysis to determine the most plausible candidate responsible for GBM prognosis. Another 20 newly diagnosed GBM samples were used for prognostic validation. In vitro experiments were performed to confirm the role of HOX in treatment resistance. Mediators involved in HOX gene regulation were searched using differentially expressed gene analysis, gene set enrichment tests, and network analysis.
Results
The underexpression of HOXA11 was identified as a consistent signature for a poor prognosis among the HOX genes. The overall survival of the GBM patients indicated a significantly favorable prognosis in patients with high HOXA11 expression (31±15.3 months) compared to the prognoses in thosewith lowHOXA11 expression (18±7.3 months, p=0.03). When HOXA11 was suppressed in the GBM cell lines, the anticancer effect of radiotherapy and/or temozolomide declined. In addition, five candidate mediators (TGFBR2, CRIM1, TXNIP, DPYSL2, and CRMP1) that may confer an oncologic effect after HOXA11 suppression were identified.
Conclusion
The treatment resistance induced by the underexpression of HOXA11 can contribute to a poor prognosis in GBM. Further investigation will be needed to confirm the value of HOXA11 as a potential target for overcoming the treatment resistance by developing chemo- or radiosensitizers.

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Gastric Carcinogenesis in the miR-222/221 Transgenic Mouse Model
Boram Choi, Jieun Yu, Tae-Su Han, Young-Kook Kim, Keun Hur, Byeong-Cheol Kang, Woo-Ho Kim, Dae-Yong Kim, Hyuk-Joon Lee, V. Narry Kim, Han-Kwang Yang
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):150-160.   Published online June 23, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.462
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various cellular functions, including development, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Different signatures associated with various tissue types, diagnosis, progression, prognosis, staging, and treatment response have been identified by miRNA expression profiling of human tumors. miRNAs function as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. The relationship between gastric cancer and miRNA garnered attention due to the high incidence of gastric cancer in Asian countries. miR-222/221 expression increases in gastric tumor tissues. The oncogenic effect of miR-222/221 was previously determined in functional studies and xenograft models. In this study, transgenic mice overexpressing miR-222/221 were generated to confirm the effect of miR-222/221 on gastric carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods At 6 weeks of age, 65 transgenic mice and 53 wild-type mice were given drinking water containing N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) for 5 alternating weeks to induce gastric cancer. The mice were euthanized at 36 weeks of age and histologic analysis was performed.
Results
Hyperplasia was observed in 3.77% of the wild-type mice and in 18.46% of the transgenic mice (p=0.020). Adenoma was observed in 20.75% of the wild-type mice and 26.15% of the transgenic mice (p=0.522). Carcinoma was observed in 32.08% of the wild-type mice and 41.54% of the transgenic mice (p=0.341). The frequency of hyperplasia, adenoma, and carcinoma was higher in transgenic mice, but the difference was statistically significant only in hyperplasia. Conclusion These results suggest that hyperplasia, a gastric pre-cancerous lesion, is associated with miR-222/221 expression but miR-222/221 expression does not affect tumorigenesis itself.

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Use of a High-Throughput Genotyping Platform (OncoMap) for RAS Mutational Analysis to Predict Cetuximab Efficacy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Dalyong Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Jeong Eun Kim, Kyu-pyo Kim, Jae-Lyun Lee, Sung-Min Chun, Jihun Kim, Se Jin Jang, Tae Won Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):37-43.   Published online April 27, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.069
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Cetuximab demonstrates improved efficacy outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harboring wild-type KRAS exon 2. Resistance to cetuximab is mediated by activating less frequent mutations in the RAS genes beyond KRAS exon 2. We performed extended RASmutational analysis using a high -throughput genotyping platform (OncoMap) and evaluated extended RAS analysis for predicting cetuximab efficacy in patients harboring wild-type KRAS exon 2 tumors following Sanger sequencing.
Materials and Methods
Extended RAS analysis was performed on 227 wild-type KRAS exon 2 mCRC patients who received cetuximab as salvage treatment using OncoMap ver. 4.0. Targeted genes included exon 2, exon 3, and exon 4, both in KRAS and NRAS, and included BRAF exon 15. We assessed efficacy by the new RAS mutation status.
Results
The OncoMap detected 57 additional mutations (25.1%): 25 (11%) in KRAS exon 2 and 32 (14.1%) beyond KRAS exon 2. Survival differences were observed after dividing patients into the wild-type RAS group (n=170) and mutant RAS group (n=57) using OncoMap. Progression-free survival was 4.8 months versus 1.8 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 0.61), and overall survival was 11.9 months versus 8.4 months (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.88).
Conclusion
Sanger sequencing is not sufficient for selecting candidates for cetuximab treatment. High-throughput extended RAS genotyping is a feasible approach for this purpose and identifies patients who might benefit from cetuximab treatment.

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ZNF488 Enhances the Invasion and Tumorigenesis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Via the Wnt Signaling Pathway Involving Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition
Dan Zong, Li Yin, Qian Zhong, Wen-jie Guo, Jian-hua Xu, Ning Jiang, Zhi-rui Lin, Man-zhi Li, Ping Han, Lin Xu, Xia He, Mu-sheng Zeng
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):334-344.   Published online March 12, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.311
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of Zinc finger protein 488 (ZNF488) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods The endogenous expression of ZNF488 in NPC tissues, normal nasopharyngeal epithelium tissues and NPC cell lines were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. ZNF488 over-expressing and knock-down NPC cell line models were established through retroviral vector pMSCV mediated over-expression and small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated knock-down. The invasion and migration capacities were evaluated by wound healing and transwell invasion assays in ZNF488 over-expressing and control cell lines. Soft-agar colony formation and a xenograft experiment were performed to study tumorigenic ability in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis were used to examine protein changes followed by ZNF488 over-expression. Microarray analysis was performed to explore gene expression profilings, while luciferase reporter assay to evaluate the transcriptive activity of Tcf/Lef.
Results
ZNF488 was over-expressed in NPC tissues compared with normal tissues, especially higher in 5-8F and S18, which are well-established high metastatic NPC clones. Functional studies indicate that over-expression of ZNF488 provokes invasion, whereas knock-down of ZNF488 alleviates invasive capability. Moreover, over-expression of ZNF488 promotes NPC tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our data further show that over-expression of ZNF488 induces epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) by activating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion Our data strongly suggest that ZNF488 acts as an oncogene, promoting invasion and tumorigenesis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to induce EMT in NPC.

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Forkhead Transcription Factor FOXO1 Inhibits Angiogenesis in Gastric Cancer in Relation to SIRT1
Sue Youn Kim, Young San Ko, Jinju Park, Yiseul Choi, Jong-Wan Park, Younghoon Kim, Jung-Soo Pyo, Young Bok Yoo, Jae-Seon Lee, Byung Lan Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):345-354.   Published online March 3, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.247
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
We previously reported that forkhead transcription factors of the O class 1 (FOXO1) expression in gastric cancer (GC) was associated with angiogenesis-related molecules. However, there is little experimental evidence for the direct role of FOXO1 in GC. In the present study, we investigated the effect of FOXO1 on the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in GC and its relationship with SIRT1.
Materials and Methods
Stable GC cell lines (SNU-638 and SNU-601) infected with a lentivirus containing FOXO1 shRNA were established for animal studies as well as cell culture experiments. We used xenograft tumors in nude mice to evaluate the effect of FOXO1 silencing on tumor growth and angiogenesis. In addition, we examined the association between FOXO1 and SIRT1 by immunohistochemical tissue array analysis of 471 human GC specimens and Western blot analysis of xenografted tumor tissues.
Results
In cell culture, FOXO1 silencing enhanced hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and GC cell growth under hypoxic conditions, but not under normoxic conditions. The xenograft study showed that FOXO1 downregulation enhanced tumor growth, microvessel areas, HIF-1α activation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. In addition, inactivated FOXO1 expression was associated with SIRT1 expression in human GC tissues and xenograft tumor tissues.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that FOXO1 inhibits GC growth and angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions via inactivation of the HIF-1α–VEGF pathway, possibly in association with SIRT1. Thus, development of treatment modalities aiming at this pathway might be useful for treating GC.

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Peptide Nucleic Acid Clamping Versus Direct Sequencing for the Detection of EGFR Gene Mutation in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Seong-Hoon Yoon, Yoo-Duk Choi, In-Jae Oh, Kyu-Sik Kim, Hayoung Choi, Jinsun Chang, Hong-Joon Shin, Cheol-Kyu Park, Young-Chul Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):661-669.   Published online February 23, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.282
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Direct sequencing (DS) is the standard method for detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, low detection sensitivity is a problem. The aim of this study is to demonstrate higher detection rate of EGFR gene mutation with peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamping compared with DS. Materials and Methods This is a single arm, prospective study for patients with stage IIIB/IV or relapsed NSCLC. Using tumor DNA from 138 patients, both DS and PNA clamping for EGFR gene in exon 18, 19, 20, and 21 were performed. Discrepant results between the two methods were verified using Cobas and a mutant enrichment based next generation sequencing (NGS). Patients with activating mutations were treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI, gefitinib, or erlotinib) as first line treatment.
Results
Of 138 paired test sets, 24 (17.4%) and 45 (32.6%) cases with activating mutations were detected by DS and PNA clamping, respectively. The difference of detection rate between the two methods was 15.2% (95% confidence interval, 8.7% to 17.8%; p < 0.001). Between the two methods, 25 cases showed discrepant results (n=23, PNA+/DS–; n=2, PNA–/DS+). Mutations were confirmed by Cobas or NGS in 22 of 23 PNA+/DS– cases. The response rates to EGFR-TKI were 72.2% in the PNA+/DS+ group and 85.0% in the PNA+/DS– group. Conclusion PNA clamping showed a significantly higher detection rate of EGFR gene mutation compared with DS. Higher sensitivity of PNA clamping was not compromised by the loss of predictive power of response to EGFR-TKI.

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RASSF1A Suppresses Cell Migration through Inactivation of HDAC6 and Increase of Acetylated alpha-Tubulin
Hae-Yun Jung, Jun Seok Jung, Young Mi Whang, Yeul Hong Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(2):134-144.   Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.2.134
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The RAS association domain family protein 1 (RASSF1) has been implicated in a tumor-suppressive function through the induction of acetylated alpha-tubulin and modulation of cell migration. However, the mechanisms of how RASSF1A is associated with acetylation of alpha-tubulin for controlling cell migration have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that RASSF1A regulated cell migration through the regulation of histon deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which functions as a tubulin deacetylase.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The cell migration was assessed using wound-healing and transwell assays. The role of RASSF1A on cell migration was examined by immunofluorescence staining, HDAC activity assay and western blot analysis.
RESULTS
Cell migration was inhibited and cell morphology was changed in RASSF1A-transfected H1299 cells, compared with controls, whereas HDAC6 protein expression was not changed by RASSF1A transfection in these cells. However, RASSF1A inhibited deacetylating activity of HDAC6 protein and induced acetylated alpha-tubulin expression. Furthermore, acetylated alpha-tubulin and HDAC6 protein were co-localized in the cytoplasm in RASSF1A-transfected H1299 cells. Conversely, when the endogenous RASSF1A expression in HeLa cells was blocked with RASSF1A siRNA treatment, acetylated alpha-tubulin was co-localized with HDAC6 protein throughout the whole cells, including the nucleus, compared with scramble siRNA-treated HeLa cells. The restoration of RASSF1A by 5-Aza-dC treatment also induced acetylated alpha-tubulin through inhibition of HDAC6 activity that finally resulted in suppressing cell migration in H1299 cells. To further confirm the role of HDAC6 in RASSF1A-mediated cell migration, the HDAC6 expression in H1299 cells was suppressed by using HDAC6 siRNA, and cell motility was found to be decreased through enhanced acetylated alpha-tubulin.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that the inactivation of HDAC6 by RASSF1A regulates cell migration through increased acetylated alpha-tubulin protein.

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    Namita Chatterjee, Martin Tenniswood
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    Zhini He, Huawei Duan, Biao Zhang, Miao Li, Liping Chen, Bo Zhang, Xiaonian Zhu, Chen Gao, Jie Li, Xiao Zhang, Jingmaio Zhang, Shan Wang, Xiaowen Zeng, Daochuan Li, Xiumei Xing, Zhengbao Zhang, Lu Ma, Qing Bai, Caixia Liu, Yongmei Xiao, Yuxin Zheng, Wen C
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    Christopher Arnette, Nadia Efimova, Xiaodong Zhu, Geoffrey J. Clark, Irina Kaverina, Erika Holzbaur
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    Natalia Volodko, Marilyn Gordon, Mohamed Salla, Haya Abu Ghazaleh, Shairaz Baksh
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Expression of BamHI-A Rightward Transcripts in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancers
Bo-Gun Jang, Eun Ji Jung, Woo Ho Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(4):250-254.   Published online December 27, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.4.250
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
About 10% of all gastric cancers (GCs) are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated. However, the oncogene of EBV in gastric carcinogenesis has not yet been established. In the present study, we investigated the virus-derived transcripts in the EBV-infected GC cell line to explore the viral oncogene of EBV-positive GCs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We used the SNU719 cell line, a naturally derived EBV-infected GC cell line. The individual expressed sequence tags from the cDNA libraries of SNU719 were searched against the mRNA subset extracted from the GenBank data base. Sequence reaction was carried out for the EBV-associated clones. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed after cells were partitioned into nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions.
RESULTS
Using bioinformatic tools, we selected 13 EBV-associated clones from cDNA libraries of SNU719. By sequencing analysis, we revealed that they were all associated with RPMS1, one of the BamHI-A rightward transcripts (BART) of EBV. Some BART cDNAs such as RPMS1 and A73 are known to be translated into protein in vitro, and have been shown to have some biochemical functions relevant to tumorigenesis. But, presently, the BART transcripts were expressed only in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm, arguing against their role as messenger RNAs. Some other BART transcripts expressed in GCs (BARF0, CST, vIL, BARF1, BLLF1, and BcLF1) were also extensively detected in the nucleus.
CONCLUSION
BART transcripts are the predominant viral transcripts expressed in EBV-associated GCs, and they are located only in the nucleus. Therefore, it seems less likely that BART transcripts produce functional proteins to play a role in carcinogenesis of EBV-associated GCs.

Citations

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  • EBV DNA methylation profiles and its application in distinguishing nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma
    Cao-Li Tang, Xi-Zhao Li, Ting Zhou, Chang-Mi Deng, Cheng-Tao Jiang, Yu-Meng Zhang, Ying Liao, Tong-Min Wang, Yong-Qiao He, Wen-Qiong Xue, Wei-Hua Jia, Xiao-Hui Zheng
    Clinical Epigenetics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yitong Liu, Zhizhong Hu, Yang Zhang, Chengkun Wang
    Cancer Cell International.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric cancer: A distinct subtype
    Jing Yang, Zhifeng Liu, Bin Zeng, Guangsheng Hu, Runliang Gan
    Cancer Letters.2020; 495: 191.     CrossRef
  • Role of BamHI-A Rightward Frame 1 in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Epithelial Malignancies
    Rancés Blanco, Francisco Aguayo
    Biology.2020; 9(12): 461.     CrossRef
  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-derived BARF1 encodes CD4- and CD8-restricted epitopes as targets for T-cell immunotherapy
    MAMTA KALRA, ULRIKE GERDEMANN, JESSICA D. LUU, MINTHRAN C. NGO, ANN M. LEEN, CHRYSTAL U. LOUIS, CLIONA M. ROONEY, STEPHEN GOTTSCHALK
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    Jun-ting Huang, Jian-ning Chen, Li-ping Gong, Yuan-hua Bi, Jing Liang, Lu Zhou, Dan He, Chun-kui Shao
    Virology.2019; 529: 144.     CrossRef
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    Hiba Sabah Jasim
    Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2019; 13(1): 441.     CrossRef
  • Conservation and polymorphism of EBV RPMS1 gene in EBV-associated tumors and healthy individuals from endemic and non-endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma areas in China
    Shuo Wu, Wen Liu, Hong Li, Zhenzhen Zhao, Yang Yang, Hua Xiao, Yingying Song, Bing Luo
    Virus Research.2018; 250: 75.     CrossRef
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    Jing Li, Wen Liu, Kui Che, Yan Zhang, Zhenzhen Zhao, Bing Luo
    Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2017; 2017: 1.     CrossRef
  • Genetics and Molecular Biology of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded BART MicroRNA: A Paradigm for Viral Modulation of Host Immune Response Genes and Genome Stability
    David H. Dreyfus
    Journal of Immunology Research.2017; 2017: 1.     CrossRef
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    Chi Man Tsang, Sai Wah Tsao
    Virologica Sinica.2015; 30(2): 107.     CrossRef
  • Distinct Viral and Mutational Spectrum of Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma
    Francesco Abate, Maria Raffaella Ambrosio, Lucia Mundo, Maria Antonella Laginestra, Fabio Fuligni, Maura Rossi, Sakellarios Zairis, Sara Gazaneo, Giulia De Falco, Stefano Lazzi, Cristiana Bellan, Bruno Jim Rocca, Teresa Amato, Elena Marasco, Maryam Etebar
    PLOS Pathogens.2015; 11(10): e1005158.     CrossRef
  • Differences in Gastric Carcinoma Microenvironment Stratify According to EBV Infection Intensity: Implications for Possible Immune Adjuvant Therapy
    Michael J. Strong, Guorong Xu, Joseph Coco, Carl Baribault, Dass S. Vinay, Michelle R. Lacey, Amy L. Strong, Teresa A. Lehman, Michael B. Seddon, Zhen Lin, Monica Concha, Melody Baddoo, MaryBeth Ferris, Kenneth F. Swan, Deborah E. Sullivan, Matthew E. Bur
    PLoS Pathogens.2013; 9(5): e1003341.     CrossRef
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Role of Loss of O6-Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas (NSCLCs): with Reference to the Relationship with p53 Overexpression
Na-Hye Myong
Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(2):95-100.   Published online June 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2010.42.2.95
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

Functional inactivation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene has been demonstrated as loss of MGMT protein and suggested that it plays an important role in primary human neoplasia, including lung cancer. It has also been reported to be associated with the G : C→A : T transition mutation in the p53 gene of lung cancer. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of MGMT expression loss and its prognostic significance in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), and its correlation with p53 overexpression as well as influence on patient survival.

Materials and Methods

112 surgically resected NSCLC specimens were reviewed by medical records for their clinicopathologic variables. Their tissue microarray blocks were immunostained with anti-human MGMT and p53 primary antibodies. Correlation between MGMT loss and the clinicopathologic prognostic factors, including p53 overexpression and the single or combined actions of MGMT loss and p53 overexpression on patient survival were statistically analyzed by SPSS15.0.

Results

Reduced or absent MGMT expression was found in 48 of 112 NSCLCs (43%), and significantly associated with nodal metastasis and squamous or undifferentiated cell types. Loss of MGMT expression was correlated with p53 overexpression in adenocarcinomas, but not in overall NSCLCs. Its solitary or combined actions with p53 overexpression did not have influence on patient survival.

Conclusion

Loss of MGMT expression is a relatively common event in NSCLCs and significantly associated with nodal metastasis and p53 overexpression, suggesting that it may play a major role in pulmonary carcinogenesis, and also in disease progression of NSCLCs.

Citations

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  • O 6 -Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT): A drugable target in lung cancer?
    Birgitta I. Hiddinga, Patrick Pauwels, Annelies Janssens, Jan P. van Meerbeeck
    Lung Cancer.2017; 107: 91.     CrossRef
  • Relationship Between the Expression of O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) and p53, and the Clinical Response in Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Treated with FOLFIRINOX
    Carole Vitellius, Caroline Eymerit-Morin, Dominique Luet, Lionel Fizanne, Fanny Foubert, Sandrine Bertrais, Marie-Christine Rousselet, François-Xavier Caroli-Bosc
    Clinical Drug Investigation.2017; 37(7): 669.     CrossRef
  • Expression profiling of O6 methylguanine-DNA-methyl transferase in prolactinomas: a correlative study of promoter methylation and pathological features in 136 cases
    Xiao-Bing Jiang, Bin Hu, Dong-Sheng He, Zhi-Gang Mao, Xin Wang, Bing-Bing Song, Yong-Hong Zhu, Hai-Jun Wang
    BMC Cancer.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bayesian inference supports a location and neighbour-dependent model of DNA methylation propagation at the MGMT gene promoter in lung tumours
    Nicolas Bonello, James Sampson, John Burn, Ian J. Wilson, Gail McGrown, Geoff P. Margison, Mary Thorncroft, Philip Crossbie, Andrew C. Povey, Mauro Santibanez-Koref, Kevin Walters
    Journal of Theoretical Biology.2013; 336: 87.     CrossRef
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    Kyung Eun Lee
    Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 18(4): 351.     CrossRef
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Modest Anti-Cancer Activity of a Bile Acid Acylated Heparin Derivative in a PC14PE6 Induced Orthotopic Lung Cancer Model
Zheng Yun Cui, Min Jae Park, Jeeyun Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung Ju Ahn, Soo Won Seo, Jin Woo Park, Youngro Byun, Keunchil Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2009;41(2):80-86.   Published online June 30, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2009.41.2.80
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

A novel chemically modified heparin derivative, heparin-deoxycholic acid nano-particles, has lower anticoagulant activity, and was recently reported to have significant anti-tumor effects on squamous head and neck cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of heparin-deoxycholic acid nano-particles in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line.

Materials and Methods

An orthotopic lung cancer model in 16 mice was developed using intra-thoracic injections of 0.5×106 PC14PE6 cells. Ten days after inoculation, the mice were divided into two groups. PBS and Heparin-DOCA particles were injected once a day every 3 days in the tail vein, for a total of 5 injections. The body weight and survival of each mouse were monitored and the tumor size in the lung was measured by SPECT-CT before and after heparin-DOCA nano-particle treatment.

Results

IThe HD particles had no significant cytotoxicity when the PC9 cells were treated in vitro. There was no statistical difference in tumor size, body weight and survival between the HD treated and control groups in vivo. Furthermore, there was no difference in the amount of CD31 between tumor tissues in the two study groups.

Conclusion

HD synthesized with unfractionated heparin had no apparent inhibitory effects on tumor growth in a PC14PE6 cell induced orthotopic lung cancer mouse model. The HD particles did not significantly inhibit tumor-induced angiogenesis at the tumor sites.

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  • Improvement of orthotopic lung cancer mouse model via thoracotomy and orotracheal intubation enabling in vivo imaging studies
    Geun Ho Im, Moon-Sun Jang, Julius Juhyun Chung, Kyoung-Nam Kim, Jae-Hun Kim, Sun I Kim, Jung Hee Lee
    Laboratory Animals.2014; 48(2): 124.     CrossRef
  • The antiangiogenic properties of sulfated β-cyclodextrins in anticancer formulations incorporating 5-fluorouracil
    Clare A. Watson, Kara L. Vine, Julie M. Locke, Anna Bezos, Christopher R. Parish, Marie Ranson
    Anti-Cancer Drugs.2013; 24(7): 704.     CrossRef
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Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in PIM-1 Gene with the Risk of Korean Lung Cancer
Dae Sik Kim, Jae Sook Sung, Eun Soon Shin, Jeong-Seon Ryu, In Keun Choi, Kyong Hwa Park, Yong Park, Eui Bae Kim, Seh Jong Park, Yeul Hong Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40(4):190-196.   Published online December 31, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2008.40.4.190
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

The expression of the PIM-1 gene, which is a proto-oncogene that encodes a serine/threonine kinase, is associated with multiple cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. In particular, several studies have reported that the PIM-1 gene is associated with the development of lymphoma, leukemia and prostate cancer. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PIM-1 gene and the risk of lung cancer occurrence in the Korean population.

Materials and Methods

To evaluate the role of the PIM-1 gene in the development of lung cancer, the genotypes of the PIM-1 gene were determined in 408 lung cancer patients and 410 normal subjects.

Results

We found that the T-C-T-C haplotypes of the PIM-1 gene (-1196 T>C, IVS4 +55 T>C, IVS4 +1416 T>A and +3684 C>A) were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.98; 95% CI: 1.24~12.75, p-value: 0.020]. In particular, these haplotypes showed an increased risk of lung cancer in males (aOR: 5.67; 95% CI: 1.32~24.30, p-value: 0.019) and smokers (aOR: 7.82; 95% CI: 1.75~34.98, p-value: 0.007).

Conclusions

The present results suggest that the T-C-T-C haplotype of the PIM-1 gene could influence the risk of developing smoking-related lung cancer in the Korean population. Additional functional studies with an larger sample sized analysis are warranted to reconfirm our findings.

Citations

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  • A review on structure-function mechanism and signaling pathway of serine/threonine protein PIM kinases as a therapeutic target
    Ajaya Kumar Rout, Budheswar Dehury, Satya Narayan Parida, Sushree Swati Rout, Rajkumar Jena, Neha Kaushik, Nagendra Kumar Kaushik, Sukanta Kumar Pradhan, Chita Ranjan Sahoo, Ashok Kumar Singh, Meenakshi Arya, Bijay Kumar Behera
    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 270: 132030.     CrossRef
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    Syed Sultan Beevi, Kavitha Anbrasu, Vinod Kumar Verma, Nagesh Kishan Panchal, Krishna Kiran Kannepalli, Raghu Ram Pillarisetti, Sailaja Madigubba, Jyotsana Dwivedi, Neha Damodar, Radhika Chowdary Darapuneni
    Human Gene.2024; 40: 201295.     CrossRef
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    Shujuan Yan, Meng Wang
    Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology.2023; 135(2): 257.     CrossRef
  • Therapeutic targeting of PIM KINASE signaling in cancer therapy: Structural and clinical prospects
    Aanchal Rathi, Dhiraj Kumar, Gulam Mustafa Hasan, Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque, Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects.2021; 1865(11): 129995.     CrossRef
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    Jiajie Xu, Xin Zhu, Qingling Li, Chao Chen, Zhenying Guo, Zhuo Tan, Chuanming Zheng, Minghua Ge
    Cancer Cell International.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Xinning Zhang, Mengqiu Song, Joydeb Kumar Kundu, Mee-Hyun Lee, Zhen-Zhen Liu
    Journal of Cancer Prevention.2018; 23(3): 109.     CrossRef
  • HistoneH3 demethylase JMJD2A promotes growth of liver cancer cells through up-regulating miR372
    Jiahui An, Jie Xu, Jiao Li, Song Jia, Xiaonan Li, Yanan Lu, Yuxin Yang, Zhuojia Lin, Xiaoru Xin, Mengying Wu, Qidi Zheng, Hu Pu, Xin Gui, Tianming Li, Dongdong Lu
    Oncotarget.2017; 8(30): 49093.     CrossRef
  • Expressions of osteopontin (OPN), ανβ3 and Pim-1 associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
    Yi Jin, Da-yue Tong, Lu-ying Tang, Jian-ning Chen, Jing Zhou, Zhi-ying Feng, Chun-kui Shao
    Chinese Journal of Cancer Research.2012; 24(2): 103.     CrossRef
  • Overexpression of Osteopontin, αvβ3 and Pim-1 Associated with Prognostically Important Clinicopathologic Variables in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
    Yi Jin, Da-yue Tong, Jian-ning Chen, Zhi-ying Feng, Jian-yong Yang, Chun-kui Shao, Jia-ping Li, Rossella Rota
    PLoS ONE.2012; 7(10): e48575.     CrossRef
  • No Association between PIK3CA Polymorphism and Lung Cancer Risk in the Korean Population
    Jae-Sook Sung, Kyong-Hwa Park, Seung-Tae Kim, Jae-Hong Seo, Sang-Won Shin, Jun-Suk Kim, Yeul-Hong Kim
    Genomics & Informatics.2010; 8(4): 194.     CrossRef
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Clinical Significance of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF)-C and -D in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Yoon Ho Ko, Chan-Kwon Jung, Myung-Ah Lee, Jae Ho Byun, Jin Hyoung Kang, Kyo Young Lee, Keon Hyun Jo, Young Pil Wang, Young Seon Hong
Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40(3):133-140.   Published online September 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2008.40.3.133
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

Lymphatic spread of tumor is an important prognostic factor for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D play important roles in lymphangiogenesis via the VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR-3). We sought to determine whether VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 are involved in the clinical outcomes of patients with resected NSCLC.

Materials and Methods

Using immunohistochemical staining, we investigated the protein expressions of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in the tissue array specimens from patients who underwent resection for NSCLC. The immunoreactivity for p53 was also examined. The clinicopathological implications of these molecules were statistically analyzed.

Results

Analysis of a total of 118 specimens showed that VEGF-C, VEGF-D and their co-expression were significantly associated with more advanced regional lymph node metastasis (p=0.019, p=0.044 and p=0.026, respectively, N2 versus N0 and N1). A VEGFR-3 expression had a strong correlation with peritumoral lymphatic invasion (p=0.047). On the multivariate analysis for survival and recurrence, pathologic N2 lymph node metastasis was the only independent prognostic factor, but none of the investigated molecules showed any statistical correlation with recurrence and survival.

Conclusions

The present study revealed that high expressions of VEGF-C and VEGF-D were strongly associated with more advanced regional lymph node metastasis in patients with resected NSCLC.

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    Xiaofei Zhang, Li Ma, Man Xue, Yanning Sun, Zhaoxia Wang
    Cell Communication and Signaling.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Linhua Wu, Jian Li, Xiaowei Ruan, Jialiang Ren, Xuejun Ping, Bing Chen
    International Journal of General Medicine.2022; Volume 15: 6725.     CrossRef
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    Hongxia Chen, Runnian Guan, Yupeng Lei, Jianyong Chen, Qi Ge, Xiaoshen Zhang, Ruoxu Dou, Hongyuan Chen, Hao Liu, Xiaolong Qi, Xiaodong Zhou, Changyan Chen
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    Chun-Long Zheng, Chen Qiu, Mei-Xiao Shen, Xiao Qu, Tie-Hong Zhang, Ji-Hong Zhang, Jia-Jun Du
    Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2015; 16(5): 1881.     CrossRef
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    Thomas K. Kilvaer, Erna-Elise Paulsen, Sigurd M. Hald, Tom Wilsgaard, Roy M. Bremnes, Lill-Tove Busund, Tom Donnem, Xin-Yuan Guan
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    Elena Sanmartín, Rafael Sirera, Marta Usó, Ana Blasco, Sandra Gallach, Santiago Figueroa, Nieves Martínez, Cristina Hernando, Antonio Honguero, Miguel Martorell, Ricardo Guijarro, Rafael Rosell, Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre, Carlos Camps
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    Hao Jiang, Wei Shao, Wei Zhao
    Clinica Chimica Acta.2014; 427: 94.     CrossRef
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    Julia Rudno-Rudzinska, Wojciech Kielan, Zygmunt Grzebieniak, Piotr Dziegiel, Piotr Donizy, Grzegorz Mazur, Monika Knakiewicz, Ewelina Frejlich, Agnieszka Halon
    Gastric Cancer.2013; 16(4): 513.     CrossRef
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    Valsamo K. Anagnostou, Dina G. Tiniakos, Marianthi Fotinou, Apostolos Achimastos, Konstantinos N. Syrigos
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    JUNG YEON KIM, BYUNG-NOE BAE, JI EUN KWON, HYUN-JUNG KIM, KYEONGMEE PARK
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    Alison M. Mondul, Helen C. Rager, William Kopp, Jarmo Virtamo, Demetrius Albanes
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    Svetlana Nikolova Metodieva, Dragomira Nikolaeva Nikolova, Radostina Vlaeva Cherneva, Ivanka Istalianova Dimova, Danail Borisov Petrov, Draga Ivanova Toncheva
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The Bone Morphogenesis Protein-2 (BMP-2) is Associated with Progression to Metastatic Disease in Gastric Cancer
Yong Park, Jee Won Kim, Dae Sik Kim, Eui Bae Kim, Se Jong Park, Jin Yong Park, Woo Suk Choi, Jong Gyu Song, Hee Yun Seo, Sang Cheul Oh, Byung Soo Kim, Jong Jae Park, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40(3):127-132.   Published online September 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2008.40.3.127
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily and it has been demonstrated that BMPs enhance migration, invasion and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between the serum BMP-2 level and the progression status of gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods

Fifty-five patients with metastatic gastric cancer (metastatic disease group), six patients with early gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis (the EGC group), and ten healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. The serum BMP-2 level was quantified by use of a commercially available ELISA kit. In EGC group patients and patients with metastatic disease, whole blood was obtained before endoscopic mucosal resection and before the commencement of a scheduled cycle of systemic chemotherapy, respectively.

Results

No significant difference in the mean serum BMP-2 levels was observed between the control subjects and the EGC group patients (87.95 pg/ml for the control subjects and 84.50 pg/ml for the EGC group, p=1.0). However, the metastatic disease group patients had a significantly higher level of serum BMP (179.61 pg/ml) than the control subjects and EGC group patients (87.95 pg/ml for the control subjects and 84.50 pg/ml for the EGC group, p<0.0001). Moreover, the mean serum BMP-2 level from patients with a bone metastasis was significantly higher than the mean serum BMP-2 level from patients without a bone metastasis (204.73 pg/ml versus 173.33 pg/ml, p=0.021).

Conclusions

BMP-2 seems to have a role in progression to metastatic disease in gastric cancer, especially in the late stage of tumorigenesis, including invasion and metastasis. BMP-2 may facilitate bone metastasis in gastric cancer. To confirm these findings, further studies are required with tissue specimens and the use of a cancer cell line.

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Review Articles
Improving Conventional or Low Dose Metronomic Chemotherapy with Targeted Antiangiogenic Drugs
Robert S. Kerbel
Cancer Res Treat. 2007;39(4):150-159.   Published online December 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2007.39.4.150
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

One of the most significant developments in medical oncology practice has been the approval of various antiangiogenic drugs for the treatment of a number of different malignancies. These drugs include bevacizumab (Avastin®), the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody. Thus far, bevacizumab appears to induce clinical benefit in patients who have advanced metastatic disease only or primarily when it is combined with conventional chemotherapy. The reasons for the chemo-enhancing effects of bevacizumab are unknown, and this is a subject that we have been actively studying along with additional ways that antiangiogenic drugs may be combined with chemotherapy. In this respect, we have focused much of our effort on metronomic low dose chemotherapy. We have been studying the hypothesis that some chemotherapy drugs at maximum tolerated doses or other cytotoxic- like drugs such as acute "vascular disrupting agents" (VDAs) can cause an acute mobilization of proangiogenic cells from the bone marrow which home to and colonize the treated tumors, thus accelerating their recovery. These cells include endothelial progenitor cells. This systemic process can be largely blocked by a targeted antiangiogenic drug, e.g. anti-VEGFR-2 antibodies. In addition, metronomic chemotherapy, i.e., close regular administration of chemotherapy drugs at low non-toxic doses with no breaks, over prolonged periods of time not only prevents the acute CEP bone marrow response, but can even target the cells. This potential antiangiogenic effect of metronomic chemotherapy can also be boosted by combination with a targeted antiangiogenic agent. Treatment combinations of metronomic chemotherapy and an antiangiogenic drug have moved into phase II clinical trial testing with particularly encouraging results thus far reported in metastatic breast and recurrent ovarian cancer. Oral chemotherapy drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CTX), methotrexate are the main chemotherapeutics used for such trials. Oral 5-FU prodrugs such as UFT would also appear to be highly suitable based on long term adjuvant therapy studies in patients. Recent preclinical results using metronomic cyclophosphamide and metronomic UFT in models of advanced metastatic breast cancer suggest that this type of combination might be particularly promising for metronomic chemotherapy in this indication, particularly when combined with a targeted antiangiogenic drug.

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Tumor Angiogenesis: Initiation and Targeting - Therapeutic Targeting of an FGF-Binding Protein, an Angiogenic Switch Molecule, and Indicator of Early Stages of Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas -
Elena Tassi, Anton Wellstein
Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(4):189-197.   Published online December 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.4.189
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Tumor angiogenesis has been related to the initiation as well as progression toward more aggressive behavior of human tumors. In particular, the activity of angiogenic factors is crucial for tumor progression. We previously characterized a secreted fibroblast growth factor-binding protein (FGF-BP) as a chaperone molecule, which binds to various FGFs, enhances FGF-mediated biochemical and biologic events and importantly is a crucial rate-limiting factor for tumor-dependent angiogenesis. We generated monoclonal antibodies that target FGF-BP protein and used them as a tool to evaluate frequency and pattern of FGF-BP expression during the malignant progression of pancreas and colorectal carcinoma in archival tissue samples. We found that FGF-BP is dramatically upregulated during the initiation of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Crucial genetic events underlying the initiation and progression of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma with a particular focus on the modulation of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapies are discussed. We propose that the upregulation of the secreted FGF-BP protein during early phases of pancreas and colon cancer could make this protein a possible serum marker indicating the presence of high-risk premalignant lesions. Furthermore, the biological activity of FGF-BP is neutralized by monoclonal antibodies suggesting the potential for antibody-based therapeutic targeting.

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