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Review Article
Presentation of Benefits and Harms in Cancer Screening Guidelines for Koreans: A Systematic Review
Mi Ah Han, Hunju Lee, Kwangmin Kim, Seong Jung Kim, Eu Chang Hwang, Jae Hung Jung
Received November 29, 2024  Accepted March 25, 2025  Published online March 27, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1151    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study systematically reviewed cancer screening guidelines for the Korean population to evaluate the benefits and harms of the recommended cancer screening practices.
Materials and Methods
We searched international electronic databases from inception to July 2023. Two reviewers independently conducted reference screening and data extraction. Data were extracted based on recommendations from each guideline and presentation of benefits and harms. General characteristics of the cancer screening guidelines, including cancer type, recommended screening methods, certainty of evidence, were collected. Moreover, we obtained key information on the benefits and harms of screening interventions, including the quantification of their relative and absolute effects.
Results
Fifteen recommendations were identified for the use of interventions for the early detection of stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, cervical and lung cancers in 9 guidelines published between 2011 and 2015. Seven guidelines collected evidence through de novo systematic reviews. Eight guidelines presented the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations. Benefits are presented as relative risks, and harms are presented as absolute risks. Six recommendations presented the absolute effects of both benefits and harms (comparable); 8 presented them unevenly, including quantifying benefits relatively but presenting harms as absolute measures (asymmetric); and 1 presented neither benefits nor harms (incomplete).
Conclusion
More than half of guidelines fail to present the benefits and harms of screening in a balanced manner. To enable users and beneficiaries make informed decisions based on evidence, the benefits and harms supporting recommendations should be given in a transparent and balanced manner.
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Special Article
Trends in Cancer-Screening Rates in Korea: Findings from the National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2023
EunKyo Kang, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Yeol Kim, Hyeon Ji Lee, Chang Kyun Choi, Tae Hee Kim, Sun Hwa Lee, Mina Suh
Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):28-38.   Published online August 2, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.325
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to report the overall national trends in the rates of cancer screening based on recommendations and provide insights into the changing trends of these rates across different demographics.
Materials and Methods
This study used data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), which surveys nationwide cancer-screening rates and includes 4,500 individuals meeting the Korean National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) protocol age criteria. Cancer-screening rates were assessed using structured questionnaires; yearly trends were analyzed for both lifetime cancer-screening rates and rates of screening based on recommendations, and subgroup analyses were performed based on age and sex.
Results
The rates of cancer screening based on recommendations showed significant increments: the stomach cancer-screening rate increased from 39.2% in 2004 to 77.5% in 2023 (3.50% per year), the liver cancer-screening rate increased from 20.0% to 48.8% (4.30% per year), and the colorectal cancer, increased from 19.9% to 70.7% (5.15% per year). The breast cancer-screening rate increased from 33.2% to 72.7% (2.88% per year), and the cervical cancer, increased from 58.3% to 70.2% (1.08% per year). Despite some differences, particularly in relation to sociodemographic factors, screening rates increased significantly for all cancer types.
Conclusion
Cancer-screening rates in Korea increased consistently from 2004 to 2023, demonstrating the effectiveness of the national cancer-screening program. However, the increments in breast, cervical and lung cancer-screening rates were relatively lower, indicating the need for additional efforts and strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association Between Suicidal Ideation and Cancer Screening Uptake: Results from Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Korea
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Cancers.2025; 17(6): 956.     CrossRef
  • From pilot to policy: what Korea’s LDCT program teaches us about National Lung Cancer Screening
    Lisa Jungblut
    European Radiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,759 View
  • 195 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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Original Articles
Gastrointestinal cancer
Overview of the National Cancer Screening Program for Colorectal Cancer in Korea over 14 Years (2004-2017)
Bomi Park, Eun Young Her, Kyeongmin Lee, Fatima Nari, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi, Mina Suh
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):910-917.   Published online March 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1432
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the participation and follow-up test compliance rates and key performance indicators of the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for colorectal cancer (CRC) from 2004 to 2017.
Materials and Methods
The overall outcomes of the NCSP for CRC were analyzed using the NCSP data collected from 2004 to 2017 and the Korean Central Cancer Registry for CRC from 2005 to 2017. We cross-sectionally analyzed the participation and follow-up test compliance rates and performance indicators for each year. The trend of participation rates as an annual percentage change was assessed, and other statistical analyses were performed.
Results
The screening participation rates increased from 7.3% in 2004 to 30.5% in 2017. Additionally, the screening rates were higher among individuals aged 60-69 years and National Health Insurance Service beneficiaries of low-income status. However, the adherence to the follow-up test decreased from 63% in 2004 to 32% in 2017. The follow-up tests using the double-contrast barium enema method decreased from 42.2% in 2004 to 0.3% in 2017. However, follow-up tests by colonoscopy increased from 21.0% in 2004 to 31.8% in 2017. Furthermore, the positivity, false-positive, and interval CRC rates decreased, whereas the specificity increased from 2004 to 2016, indicating improved performance of CRC.
Conclusion
The participation rates and performance of the NCSP for CRC have steadily improved, whereas adherence to follow-up tests has decreased. Additionally, there is a rapid growth in colonoscopy volume as a follow-up test. Continued efforts are required to improve the follow-up rates.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Trends in Cancer-Screening Rates in Korea: Findings from the National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2023
    EunKyo Kang, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Yeol Kim, Hyeon Ji Lee, Chang Kyun Choi, Tae Hee Kim, Sun Hwa Lee, Mina Suh
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(1): 28.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Suicidal Ideation and Cancer Screening Uptake: Results from Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Korea
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Cancers.2025; 17(6): 956.     CrossRef
  • Serum bilirubin levels and risk of colorectal cancer in Korean adults: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinee (KoGES-HEXA) Cohort Study
    Hwayoung Noh, Jeeyoo Lee, Nazlisadat Seyed Khoei, Laia Peruchet-Noray, Daehee Kang, Beatrice Fervers, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Aesun Shin, Heinz Freisling
    British Journal of Cancer.2024; 131(10): 1635.     CrossRef
  • Association between Endoscopist Volume and Interval Cancers after Colonoscopy: Results from the National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Korea
    Dong Jun Kim, Nan-He Yoon, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh, Sunhwa Lee, Seongju Kim, Ji Eun Kim, Hooyeon Lee
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(4): 1164.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of the Korean National Cancer Screening Program in Reducing Colorectal Cancer Mortality
    Hyeon Ji Lee, Kyeongmin Lee, Byung Chang Kim, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi, Mina Suh
    Cancers.2024; 16(24): 4278.     CrossRef
  • Effect of electroacupuncture on discomfort in patients undergoing colonoscopy: protocol for a multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial
    Xiangyu Sun, Liyue Lu, Yongqiang Wang, Chunchun Wang, Chao Lin, Kuangdi Xu, Yue Yong, Wenting Chen, Jiangang Song
    BMJ Open.2024; 14(12): e084628.     CrossRef
  • National cancer screening program for colorectal cancer in Korea
    Seung Min Baik, Ryung-Ah Lee
    Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(6): 333.     CrossRef
  • 4,700 View
  • 181 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
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General
Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results of the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004–2018
Seri Hong, Yun Yeong Lee, Jaeho Lee, Yeol Kim, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):330-338.   Published online October 20, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.263
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS) is a nationwide annual cross-sectional survey conducted for the past 15 years. This study aimed to report trends in the overall screening rates of both organized and opportunistic cancer screening programs from 2004–2018.
Materials and Methods
KNCSS data were collected using a structured questionnaire. For five major cancers (i.e., stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer), we evaluated both the lifetime screening rate and the screening rate with recommendations. The study population included men aged 40–74 years and women aged 20–74 years with no cancer histories.
Results
Screening rate with recommendations increased from 2004 annually by 4.4% and 1.5% until 2013 for stomach and liver cancers, respectively, by 4.0% until 2012 for breast cancer, and by 3.6% and 1.2% until 2014 for colorectal and cervical cancers, respectively, followed by nonsignificant trends thereafter. In 2018, screening rates with recommendations for these cancers were 72.8%, 26.2%, 63.1%, 58.4%, and 55.6%, respectively.
Conclusion
Screening rates for the five types of cancer demonstrated a marked increase between 2004 and 2018. However, many recent screening rates have been flattened with nonsignificant trends, and there are lower rates for cervical cancer screening among young age groups. Steady efforts are needed to achieve higher screening participation rates overall, especially for the cervical cancer screening of young women in their 20s.

Citations

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    Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(1): 28.     CrossRef
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    Dong Jin Kim, Jeong Ho Song, Ji-Hyeon Park, Sojung Kim, Sin Hye Park, Cheol Min Shin, Yoonjin Kwak, Kyunghye Bang, Chung-sik Gong, Sung Eun Oh, Yoo Min Kim, Young Suk Park, Jeesun Kim, Ji Eun Jung, Mi Ran Jung, Bang Wool Eom, Ki Bum Park, Jae Hun Chung, S
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  • Association of Late Marriage and Low Childbirth with Cervical Cancer Screening among Korean Women: Results from a Nationwide Survey
    Hye Young Shin, Bomi Park, Mina Suh, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun
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  • Presentation of benefits and harms in cancer screening guidelines for Koreans: a systematic review protocol
    Mi Ah Han, Jae Hung Jung, Eu Chang Hwang
    BMJ Open.2022; 12(12): e065924.     CrossRef
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    Xuan Quy Luu, Kyeongmin Lee, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh, Kyu-Won Jung, Kui Son Choi
    Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022094.     CrossRef
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  • Trends in breast cancer screening rates among Korean women: results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2005-2020
    Soo Yeon Song, Yun Yeong Lee, Hye Young Shin, Bomi Park, Mina Suh, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun
    Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022111.     CrossRef
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    Eunji Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh, Kyu-Won Jung, Boyoung Park, Kyeongmin Lee, So-Youn Jung, Eun Sook Lee, Kui Son Choi
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    Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021069.     CrossRef
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Beliefs and Intentions to Undergo Lung Cancer Screening among Korean Males
Nhung Cam Bui, Yoon Young Lee, Mina Suh, Boyoung Park, Hyunsoon Cho, Yeol Kim, Kui Son Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(4):1096-1105.   Published online November 16, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.393
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been reported as an effective screening method for lung cancer in high-risk populations. We aimed to examine willingness to be screened among Korean males using LDCT and to determine factors associated with lung cancer screening intentions (LCS) based on the Health Belief Model (HBM).
Materials and Methods
Data were obtained from the 2015 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, a cross-sectional survey that utilized nationally representative random sampling. The survey included 1,730 male participants 40-74-year-old. Respondents were questioned regarding their willingness to undergo LCS and components of HBM. Factors associated with intentions to undergo screening were explored using logistic regression.
Results
Among participants, 65.2% were current smokers. Among high-risk subjects, 60.6% of men reported intentions to undergo LCS, compared to 49.9% of average-risk males. Men with higher perceived susceptibility in the average- and high-risk groups were, respectively, 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 1.91) and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.14 to 4.63) times more likely to intend to undergo LCS compared to those with lower perceived barriers. Also, men in the average- and high-risk groups with higher perceived barriers to screening were, respectively, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.91) and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.92) times less likely to intend to undergo LCS compared to those with lower perceived barriers.
Conclusion
Tailored interventions designed to promote accurate perceptions of susceptibility and risk, as well as to reduce perceived barriers to screening, may effectively increase adherence to recommendations for LCS among high-risk Korean men.

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    Mi-Kyoung Cho, Yoon Hee Cho
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2024; 11(1): 100332.     CrossRef
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    Yu-An Lin, Xiujing Lin, Yonglin Li, Fangfang Wang, Rachel Arbing, Weiti Chen, Feifei Huang
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    Danielle H Llaneza, Hanjoe Kim, Virmarie Correa-Fernández
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  • Motivation, acceptability and attitudes toward lung cancer screening among persons who attend a tobacco cessation program: A multicenter survey in Italy
    Olivera Djuric, Paolo Giorgi Rossi, Elena Camelia Ivanciu, Salvatore Cardellicchio, Chiara Cresci, Laura Carozzi, Francesco Pistelli, Valentina Bessi, Patrizia Gai, Valentina Galli, Giacomo Lavacchini, Claudia Bricci, Giuseppe Gorini, Sandra Bosi, Eugenio
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    Silvia Portero de la Cruz, Luis M. Béjar, Jesús Cebrino
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  • Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Lung Cancer Screening Health Belief Scale in Chinese Americans: A Methodological Study
    Fang Lei, Wei-Ti Chen, Mary-Lynn Brecht, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Yuhe Hu, Tuzhen Xu, Siqian Wang, Eunice Lee
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  • Understanding the Associations between Smoking-Related Risk Perception, Interest in Quitting Smoking, and Interest in Lung Cancer Screening among Homeless Adult Smokers
    Pooja Agrawal, Matthew Taing, Tzu-An Chen, Sean Reuven, Michael Businelle, Darla Kendzor, Eric Bernicker, Lorraine Reitzel
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Risk and Characteristics of Postcolonoscopy Interval Colorectal Cancer after a Positive Fecal Test: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea
Chang Kyun Lee, Kui Son Choi, Chang Soo Eun, Dong-Il Park, Dong Soo Han, Minjoo Yoon, Mina Suh, Jae Kwan Jun
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):50-59.   Published online February 24, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.027
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Fecal tests remain a mainstay of population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs worldwide. However, data on interval CRC (iCRC) arising after follow-up colonoscopy of a positive fecal test are scarce. We conducted a nationwide population-based study to reveal the risk and characteristics of iCRC in this setting.
Materials and Methods
We searched the National Cancer Screening Program for CRC database in Korea (2005-2010). Incidence of iCRC within the program was estimated, then Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors of iCRC. The clinical characteristics of iCRC were compared with screen-detected CRC (sCRC).
Results
We identified 280 iCRC among 150,660 negative colonoscopies as a follow-up exam to a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and 2,427 sCRC. The overall incidence of iCRC was 0.49/1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48 to 0.51). iCRC was more likely to occur in men (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.39 to 2.30) and elderly patients (aHR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.38 to 2.28 in 65-74 years; aHR, 3.13, 95% CI, 2.13-4.60 in ≥ 75 years). The National Quality Improvement Program for colonoscopy reduced a short-term risk of iCRC (aHR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.87). Compared with sCRC, iCRC was more likely to occur in the proximal colon, be diagnosed at the localized stage, and have a lower CRC mortality (32.7 vs. 17.4%, 56.8 vs. 34.1%, 12.5 vs. 17.7%, respectively; all p < 0.05).
Conclusion
In a population-based CRC screening program with FIT, the burden of iCRC after follow-up colonoscopy was substantial. Men and elderly patients possess a significantly higher risk of iCRC.

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  • 332 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
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Trends in Participation Rates for the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea, 2002-2012
Mina Suh, Seolhee Song, Ha Na Cho, Boyoung Park, Jae Kwan Jun, Eunji Choi, Yeol Kim, Kui Son Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(3):798-806.   Published online November 11, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.186
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) in Korea supports cancer screening for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer. This study was conducted to assess trends in participation rates among Korean men and women invited to undergo screening via the NCSP as part of an effort to guide future implementation of the program in Korea.
Materials and Methods
Data from the NCSP for 2002 to 2012 were used to calculate annual participation rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by sex, insurance status, and age group for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening.
Results
In 2012, participation rates for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening were 47.3%, 25.0%, 39.5%, 51.9%, and 40.9%, respectively. The participation rates increased annually by 4.3% (95% CI, 4.0 to 4.6) for stomach cancer, 3.3% (95% CI, 2.5 to 4.1) for liver cancer, 4.1% (95% CI, 3.2 to 5.0) for colorectal cancer, 4.6% (95% CI, 4.1 to 5.0) for breast cancer, and 0.9% (95% CI, –0.7 to 2.5) for cervical cancer from 2002 to 2012.
Conclusion
Participant rates for the NCSP for the five above-mentioned cancers increased annually from 2002 to 2012.

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Why Do Some People Choose Opportunistic Rather Than Organized Cancer Screening? The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2012
Myung-Il Hahm, Hsueh-Fen Chen, Thaddeus Miller, Liam O’Neill, Hoo-Yeon Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(3):727-738.   Published online October 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.243
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Although the Korean government has implemented a universal screening program for common cancers, some individuals choose to participate in opportunistic screening programs. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify factors contributing to the selection of organized versus opportunistic screening by the Korean general population.
Materials and Methods
Data from 11,189 participants aged ≥ 40 yearswho participated in the fifth KoreanNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012) were analyzed in this study.
Results
A total of 6,843 of the participants (58.6%) underwent cancer screening, of which 6,019 (51.1%) participated in organized and 824 (7.5%) participated in opportunistic screening programs. Being female, older, highly educated, in the upper quartile of income, an ex-smoker, and a light drinker as well as having supplementary private health insurance and more comorbid conditions and engaging in moderate physical activity 1-4 days per week were related to participation in both types of screening programs. Being at least a high school graduate, in the upper quartile for income, and a light drinker, as well as having more comorbid conditions and engaging in moderate physical activities 1-4 days per week had a stronger effect on those undergoing opportunistic than organized screening.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that socioeconomic factors such as education and income, aswell as health status factors such as health-related quality of life and number of comorbid conditions and health behaviors such as drinking and engaging in moderate physical activity 1-4 days per week had a stronger influence on participation in an opportunistic than in an organized screening program for cancer.

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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Screening for second primary cancer (SPC) is one of the key components to survivorship care. We aim to evaluate the oncologists’ experience with SPCs and assess the current practice, perceived barriers, and recommendations related to SPC screening. Materials and Methods A nationwide survey was conducted with a representative sample of 496 Korean oncologists. A questionnaire based on the findings from our previous qualitative study was administered. Results More than three-fourths of oncologists (76.3%), who participated in the study, had experience with SPC patients. Over half of them (51.9%) stated that it was an embarrassing experience. While the current management practice for SPC varies, most oncologists (80.2%) agreed on the necessity in proactively providing information on SPC screening. A short consultation time (52.3%), lack of guidelines and evidence on SPC screening (47.7%), and patients’ lack of knowledge about SPCs (45.1%) or SPC screening (41.4%) were most frequently reported as barriers to providing appropriate care for managing SPC. Oncologists recommended the development of specific screening programs or guidelines in accordance to the type of primary cancer (65.9%), the development of an internal system for SPC screening within the hospital (59.7%) or systematic connection with the national cancer screening program (44.3%), and education of oncologists (41.4%) as well as patients (48.9%) regarding SPC screening. Conclusion Many oncologists reported the occurrence of SPC as an embarrassing experience. Given the variations in current practice and the lack of consensus, further studies are warranted to develop the optimal clinical strategy to provide SPC screening for cancer survivors.

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Optimal Interval for Repeated Gastric Cancer Screening in Normal-Risk Healthy Korean Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Jong-Myon Bae, Sang Yop Shin, Eun Hee Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):564-568.   Published online January 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.098
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This retrospective cohort study was conducted to estimate the optimal interval for gastric cancer screening in Korean adults with initial negative screening results.
Materials and Methods
This study consisted of voluntary Korean screenees aged 40 to 69 years who underwent subsequent screening gastroscopies after testing negative in the baseline screening performed between January 2007 and December 2011. A new case was defined as the presence of gastric cancer cells in biopsy specimens obtained upon gastroscopy. The follow-up periods were calculated during the months between the date of baseline screening gastroscopy and positive findings upon subsequent screenings, stratified by sex and age group. The mean sojourn time (MST) for determining the screening interval was estimated using the prevalence/incidence ratio.
Results
Of the 293,520 voluntary screenees for the gastric cancer screening program, 91,850 (31.29%) underwent subsequent screening gastroscopies between January 2007 and December 2011. The MSTs in men and women were 21.67 months (95% confidence intervals [CI], 17.64 to 26.88 months) and 15.14 months (95% CI, 9.44 to 25.85 months), respectively.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that the optimal interval for subsequent gastric screening in both men and women is 24 months, supporting the 2-year interval recommended by the nationwide gastric cancer screening program.

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Setting a Health Policy Research Agenda for Controlling Cancer Burden in Korea
Sung-In Jang, Kyoung-Hee Cho, Sun Jung Kim, Kwang-Sig Lee, Eun-Cheol Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(2):149-157.   Published online September 11, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.167
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The aim of study was to provide suggestions for prioritizing research in effort to reduce cancer burden in Korea based on a comprehensive analysis of cancer burden and Delphi consensus among cancer experts. Materials and Methods Twenty research plans covering 10 topics were selected based on an assessment of the literature, and e-mail surveys were analyzed using a two-round modified Delphi method. Thirty-four out of 79 experts were selected from four organizations to participate in round one, and 21 experts among them had completed round two. Each item had two questions; one regarding the agreement of the topic as a priority item to reduce cancer burden, and the other about the importance of the item on a nine-point scale. A consensus was defined to be an average lower coefficient of variation with less than 30% in importance. Results Seven plans that satisfied the three criteria were selected as priority research plans for reducing cancer burden. These plans are “research into advanced clinical guidelines for thyroid cancer given the current issue with over-diagnosis,” “research into smoking management plans through price and non-price cigarette policy initiatives,” “research into ways to measure the quality of cancer care,” “research on policy development to expand hospice care,” “research into the spread and management of Helicobacter pylori,” “research on palliative care in a clinical setting,” and “research into alternative mammography methods to increase the accuracy of breast cancer screenings.” Conclusion The seven plans identified in this study should be prioritized to reduce the burden of cancer in Korea. We suggest that policy makers and administrators study and invest significant effort in these plans.

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Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2012
Mina Suh, Kui Son Choi, Yoon Young Lee, Jae Kwan Jun
Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(2):86-94.   Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.2.86
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), a nationwide, annual cross-sectional survey, has been conducted since 2004. The current study was conducted in order to report on trends in cancer screening rates for five types of cancer (stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervix uteri).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
KNCSS data were collected between 2004 and 2012. The eligible study population included cancer-free men who were 40 years of age and older and women who were 30 years of age and older. The lifetime screening rate, screening rate with recommendation, and changes in annual rates were calculated.
RESULTS
Lifetime screening rates and screening rates with recommendation for the five types of cancer rose steadily until 2010, showed a slight drop or were stable in 2011, and increased again in 2012. On average, screening rates with recommendation have shown annual increases of 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6 to 5.0%) for stomach cancer, 0.8% (95% CI, -0.5 to 2.1%) for liver cancer, 2.4% (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.5%) for colorectal cancer, 4.5% (95% CI, 3.9 to 5.1%) for breast cancer, and 1.3% (95% CI, 0.6 to 2.0%) for cervical cancer. Disparities in age groups and household incomes have been decreasing since 2004.
CONCLUSION
Cancer screening rates in Korea showed a significant increase from 2004 to 2012, and screening rates for gastric and breast cancer are now approaching 70%. The 10-Year Plan for Cancer Control target for screening rates was met or nearly met for all cancer types examined, with the exception of liver and colorectal cancer.

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Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), 2004-2011
Boyoung Park, Kui Son Choi, Yoon Young Lee, Jae Kwan Jun, Hong Gwan Seo
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(2):113-120.   Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.2.113
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS) is a nationwide survey conducted annually, since 2004. This study was conducted in order to report on trends in rates of cancer screening for five major cancers-stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervix uteri in Korea.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data collected by the KNCSS between 2004 and 2011 were used in this study. The eligible study population included cancer-free men who were 40 years old and over, and women who were 30 years old and over. Lifetime screening rate, screening rate with recommendation, and changes in annual rates were calculated.
RESULTS
Both lifetime screening rates and screening rates with recommendation have increased since 2004. On average, screening rates with recommendation have shown an annual increase of 4.2% (95% CI, 3.3 to 5.2%) for stomach cancer, 1.1% (95% CI, -0.5 to 2.7%) for liver cancer, 2.2% (95% CI, 0.8 to 3.6%) for colorectal cancer, 4.0% (95% CI, 3.0 to 4.9%) for breast cancer, and 0.2% (95% CI, -0.9 to 1.3%) for cervical cancer. Increases in rates of cancer screening, with the exception of liver and cervical cancers, were significant, and screening rates for stomach and breast cancer in particular showed a marked increase.
CONCLUSION
Cancer screening rates among Koreans showed a consistent increase from 2004 to 2011 and rates of screening for gastric, breast, and cervical cancer are approaching 70%.

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Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), 2004-2010
Eun-Ha Lee, Hoo-Yeon Lee, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Eun-Cheol Park, Jin Soo Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(3):141-147.   Published online September 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.3.141
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS) is a continuous nationwide survey implemented by the National Cancer Center in Korea since 2004. The purpose of the present study was to report trends in cancer screening rates for the five major cancers (stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervix uteri) in Korean men and women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study used KNCSS data collected between 2004 and 2010. The survey was conducted on Korean men aged 40-74 years and Korean women aged 30-74 years with no history of cancer diagnosis. The annual percentage change and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to examine changes in annual screening rates.
RESULTS
Screening rates with recommendation increased by 4.4% annually for stomach cancer, 1.5% for liver cancer, 2.8% per year for colorectal cancer, 4.5% for breast cancer, and 1.2% for cervix uteri cancer. The increasing trend in cancer screening rates, with the exception of liver cancer, was significant.
CONCLUSION
Cancer screening rates have increased consistently from 2004 to 2010 among Korean men and women. Stomach and breast cancer screening rates in particular have increased markedly.

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Erratum
ERRATUM: Correction for Mistyped Inequality Sign
Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(2):139-139.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.2.139
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
No abstract available.
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Original Article
Results of Colorectal Cancer Screening of the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea, 2008
Jung Im Shim, Yeonju Kim, Mi Ah Han, Hoo-Yeon Lee, Kui Sun Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Eun-Cheol Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(4):191-198.   Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2010.42.4.191
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

This study aims to investigate the current situation of national colorectal cancer screening by analyzing participation rates, positive rates of screening methods and screening rate of secondary screening tests in colorectal screening of the national cancer screening program in 2008.

Materials and Methods

With database about target population and screened individuals of the national cancer screening program, the results of target population and participants of colorectal cancer screening in 2008 were analyzed. Among adults aged over 50 years of medical aid and beneficiaries of national health insurance paying lower 50% premiums in the total subscribers, 4,640,365 were target population of colorectal cancer screening and the data of 984,915 undergoing fecal occult blood test (FOBT) as a primary screening were analyzed.

Results

The colorectal cancer screening rate was 21.2% and the rates of national health insurance subscribers, females and the elderly aged 60-64 years were higher than those of others. The recipients with a positive result in FOBT recorded approximately 7.5%. Medical aid beneficiaries (7.9%), males (8.8%) and seniors aged over 75 years (9.1%) showed higher positive rates than the average one. Out of the FOBT positive recipients, 43.0% took a secondary screening and the rate undergoing colonoscopy (31.4%) was higher than that of doing double-contrast barium enema test (11.6%).

Conclusion

Colorectal cancer screening rate of medical aid beneficiaries and people paying lower 50% premiums among national health insurance subscribers, was different according to demographic characters (gender, age and types of health insurance). This finding meant that screening for the vulnerable needed to be encouraged by considering socio-demographic characters. Additionally, more efforts were necessary to increase the secondary screening rate of people with a positive result in primary one.

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