Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Comparative Effectiveness of Tafasitamab Plus Lenalidomide versus Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide-Based Chemotherapy for Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: An External Control Arm Study: Kyungyeon Jung, Ju Hwan Kim, Hyunjoo Lim, Suyeon Kim, Bok Jin Hyun, Seung Hyun Yoo, Ju-Young Shin, Seok Jin Kim; Received December 11, 2025 Accepted March 28, 2026 Published online March 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.1359 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
L-MIND trial has demonstrated efficacy of tafasitamab plus lenalidomide in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL). However, real-world evidence comparing tafasitamab plus lenalidomide to standard salvage therapies remains limited. Therefore, we conducted an external control arm study to evaluate clinical effectiveness of tafasitamab plus lenalidomide compared with ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide) regimen in South Korea.
Materials and Methods
Individual patient-level data from L-MIND trial and Samsung Medical Center–Lymphoma Cohort Studies (SMC-LCS) registry in South Korea were analyzed to identify DLBCL patients who received tafasitamab plus lenalidomide or ICE as second- to fourth-line therapy. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), while secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), time to next treatment (TTNT), duration of response (DoR), objective response rate (ORR), and complete response rate (CRR). After applying inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), time-to-event and binary outcomes were analyzed using Cox and logistic regression models, respectively.
Results
A total of 76 patients in L-MIND and 39 patients in SMC-LCS were analyzed. After IPTW, median OS was 34.1 months (95% CI, 18.6–NR) for tafasitamab plus lenalidomide and 6.4 months (0.3–13.9) for ICE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.20–0.53). HRs were 0.33 (95% CI, 0.20–0.54) for PFS, 0.42 (0.26–0.66) for TTNT, and 0.17 (0.08–0.35) for DoR. Odds ratios were 3.17 (1.37–7.32) for ORR, and 2.87 (1.06–7.78) for CRR.
Conclusion
Tafasitamab plus lenalidomide showed favorable outcomes over ICE, suggesting a clinically meaningful treatment option for r/r DLBCL in South Korea.

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Impact of Cell-of-Origin and MYC/BCL2 Status on the Risk of Central Nervous System Relapse in Primary Breast Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Chang-Hoon Lee, Ga-Young Song, Ho-Young Yhim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Kyu Yun Jang, Sang Eun Yoon, Jin Seok Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Hyewon Lee, Kyoung Ha Kim, Ka-Won Kang, Young Rok Do, Soon Il Lee, Han Sang Lee, Hyo Jung Kim, Ae Ri Ahn, Deok-Hwan Yang, Won Seog Kim, Jae-Yong Kwak; Received August 5, 2025 Accepted November 3, 2025 Published online November 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.836 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare entity with a distinct relapse pattern involving the central nervous system (CNS). However, data regarding predictors of CNS relapse in this population remain limited.
Materials and Methods
CNS relapse was retrospectively analyzed in two multicenter cohorts comprising 53 patients with newly diagnosed primary breast DLBCL, including a prospective trial and real-world cohort, all treated with rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. The impact of baseline clinical parameters, cell-of-origin, and MYC/BCL2 dual expression (DE) status on CNS relapse was assessed using a multivariate Cox regression model, separately conducted for the overall study set (n=53) and the immunohistochemical study set (n=36).
Results
By the CNS-International Prognostic Index (CNS-IPI), most patients were classified as low or intermediate risk; no patients were classified as high risk. With a median follow-up of 58.8 months, the 4-year risk of CNS relapse was 15.6% in the overall study set and 14.2% in the immunohistochemical set. MYC/BCL2 DE was identified in 14 patients (38.9%) and was significantly associated with increased risk of CNS relapse (4-year risk, 30.7% vs. 0%, p=0.001). Patients with non-germinal center B-cell–like subtype had a numerically higher risk of CNS relapse. However, in multivariate analysis, only MYC/BCL2 DE status was associated with CNS relapse. Synchronous bilateral involvement was also an independent predictor of CNS relapse in both study sets. CNS-IPI was not discriminatory for CNS relapse.
Conclusion
MYC/BCL2 DE and synchronous bilateral breast involvement may help identify patients at higher risk for CNS relapse. Further studies are warranted.

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BTG1 Mutation Correlates with Inferior Prognosis in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Chun-Yu Shang, Wei Hua, Tong-Yao Xing, Kai-Xin Du, Yi-fan Wu, Yue Li, Hua Yin, Hao-Rui Shen, Li Wang, Jian-Yong Li, Rui Gao, Wei Xu, Jin-Hua Liang; Received May 8, 2025 Accepted July 30, 2025 Published online July 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.494 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) is a highly conserved gene and recurrently mutated in the MCD subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The specific enrichment of BTG1 mutation (BTG1^mut) raises a potential hypothesis that they may actively contribute to DLBCL. However, the biological characteristics and prognostic signifi cance ofBTG1 in DLBCL remain to be explored. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the value of BTG1 in DLBCL.
Materials and Methods
The available clinical information and corresponding mutation data of DLBCL were obtained from published articles. Tumor tissue samples of DLBCL patients diagnosed in Jiangsu Province Hospital (JSPH) from 2021 to 2023 were collected for next-generation sequencing, 195 samples were analyzed for gene expression levels using RNA sequencing, among them, 40 samples were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics.
Results
We enrolled 2,379 DLBCL patients from fi ve published studies and 243 DLBCL patients from JSPH cohort. In external cohort, 11.0% (262/2,379) of patients were BTG1^mut, compared with 25.1% (61/243) in the JSPH cohort. BTG1^mut was associated with adverse clinical features and was prone to involve testis. Patients with BTG1^mut exhibit inferior overall survival. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis of the untargeted metabolomics showed that several meaningful pathways have been found such as amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism.
Conclusion
BTG1 mutation was promising prognostic predictor for DLBCL. The mechanism driving different survival outcomes may be attributed to the tumor metabolic reprogramming.

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A Novel CD58 Mutation–Related Signature Predicts Prognosis Risk in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients: Hui-Li Wang, Chun-Yu Shang, Wei Hua, Hua Yin, Yue Li, Jun-Heng Liang, Rui Gao, Bi-Hui Pan, Xin-Yu Zhang, Jia-Zhu Wu, Hao-Rui Shen, Li Wang, Jian-Yong Li, Jin-Hua Liang, Wei Xu; Received November 27, 2024 Accepted July 21, 2025 Published online July 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1143 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
CD58, a ligand of the CD2 receptor on T cells and natural killer cells, is abnormally expressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, data on the value of CD58 mutation (CD58^mut) in DLBCL are limited. Here, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics and prognostic value of CD58^mut in DLBCL patients.
Materials and Methods
The available clinical information and corresponding mutation data of DLBCL were obtained from published articles. Ultimately, 3,025 DLBCL patients in published cohorts were enrolled in the final analysis. Among the 202 DLBCL patients in the Jiangsu Province Hospital (JSPH) cohort, all tumor tissue samples were collected to perform next-generation sequencing and gene expression was analyzed via RNA-seq.
Results
We found that 8.2% (250/3,025) of patients were CD58^mut in integrated cohort, whereas 11.4% (23/202) in the JSPH cohort. CD58^mut patients exhibit inferior progression-free survival (the integrated cohort: hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77 to 1.20; p=0.663 the JSPH cohort: HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 0.85 to 4.04; p=0.052) and overall survival (the integrated cohort: HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.77; p < 0.001; the JSPH cohort: HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 0.83 to 6.93; p=0.026). A model based on six signature genes (MRO, OXTR, RASL11A, RLN1, SIGLEC1, and PROM2) was constructed via machine learning. To optimize risk stratification and survival prediction for CD58^mut patients, biological mechanism of the poorer prognosis in high-risk group may be related to the greater abundance of immunosuppressive cells, especially M2 macrophages.
Conclusion
Our results indicated that CD58^mut could serve as a novel prognostic factor for DLBCL patients, and further exploration of personalized treatment strategies for high-risk DLBCL patients based on the risk score model is needed.

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Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies
Yue-E Ding, Yi-Ran Zhong, Lai-Shun Zhang, Lei Xu, Jia Li, Yi Wen
Cancers.2026; 18(4): 701. CrossRef
Regulation of immune checkpoint molecules in cancer immune evasion and therapy
Cansu Eris, Cheng Zu, Yanling Xiao, Michael Platten, Chong Sun
Nature Reviews Cancer.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
ESAE-SDA: ensemble sparse autoencoder framework for epigenomics-informed snoRNA-disease associations prediction
Xinqing Jiang, Xiaojun Chen, Lifeng Xu, Feng Zhang, Jiawei Chen, Wenqian Zhang
BMC Bioinformatics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Case Report

Detection of HIV RNA after CAR T-Cell Therapy in a Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patient: Possibility of False Positivity and Clinical Implications: Sang Eun Yoon, Kyungmin Huh, Tae Yeul Kim, Hee Jae Huh, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim; Received May 8, 2025 Accepted June 26, 2025 Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.491 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy using lentiviral vectors can lead to false-positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA detection, making distinguishing true infection from vector-related signals challenging. A 64-year-old male with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma underwent multiple lines of treatment, including R-CHOP, R-ICE, autologous stem cell transplantation, and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel, Kymriah). Infectious disease screening before CAR T-cell therapy was negative for HIV. However, 4 months post-infusion, during evaluation for second-line CD20-targeted CAR T-cell therapy, HIV RNA was detected in Roche Cobas HIV-1 assay targeted dual target, 5′ long terminal repeat (5′ LTR) and gag gene (48 copies/mL). Serial testing showed persistent but low-level positivity of HIV RNA. Retrospective analysis of stored serum samples revealed HIV RNA negativity before tisa-cel infusion but positivity post-infusion in Roche Cobas HIV-1 assay. Additional testing using the Alinity m HIV-1 assay (dual target: 5′ LTR and pol gene) and the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay (single-target: pol gene) confirmed that only the dual-target assay yielded positive results, suggesting lentiviral vector cross-reactivity rather than actual HIV infection. This case underscores the potential for false-positive HIV-1 RNA detection in CAR T-cell treatment recipients due to vector-derived sequences, emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation of HIV-1 testing.

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CAR-T Cell Therapy for HIV Cure: Current Challenges, Advances and Future Directions
Monica-Daniela Padurariu-Covit, Costinela Georgescu, Mihaela Andreescu, Iulia Chiscop, Catalin Plesea-Condratovici, Manuela Arbune
Viruses.2025; 17(12): 1615. CrossRef

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Original Article

Hematologic malignancy

Clinical Impact of Microbiome Characteristics in Treatment-Naïve Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Patients: Sang Eun Yoon, Woorim Kang, Junhun Cho, Mauricio Chalita, Je Hee Lee, Dong-Wook Hyun, Hyun Kim, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):597-611. Published online August 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.675

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) predominantly manifests in East Asia and Latin America. Despite shared intrinsic factors, such as ethnic and genetic backgrounds, the progression of ENKTL can be influenced by extrinsic factors related to changing lifestyle patterns.
Materials and Methods
This study collected stool samples from newly diagnosed (ND)–ENKTL patients (n=40) and conducted whole genome shotgun sequencing.
Results
ND-ENKTL revealed reduced alpha diversity in ND-ENKTL compared to healthy controls (HCs) (p=0.008), with Enterobacteriaceae abundance significantly contributing to the beta diversity difference between ENKTL and HCs (p < 0.001). Functional analysis indicated upregulated aerobic metabolism and degradation of aromatic compounds in ND-ENKTL. Enterobacteriaceae were associated not only with clinical data explaining disease status (serum C-reactive protein, stage, prognosis index of natural killer cell lymphoma [PINK], and PINK-E) but also with clinical outcomes (early relapse and short progression-free survival). The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae at the family level was similar between ENKTL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (p=0.140). However, the ENKTL exhibited a higher abundance of Escherichia, in contrast to the prevalence of Enterobacter and Citrobacter in DLBCL. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between Escherichia abundance and programmed cell death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) levels in tissue samples (p=0.025), whereas no correlation with PD-L1 was observed for Enterobacteriaceae at the family level (p=0.571).
Conclusion
ND-ENKTL exhibited an abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and a dominant presence of Escherichia. These microbial characteristics correlated with disease status, treatment outcomes, and PD-L1 expression, suggesting the potential of the ENKTL microbiome as a biomarker and cause of lymphomagenesis, which warrants further exploration.

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Case Report

Long-term Complete Remission of Decitabine-Primed Tandem CD19/CD22 CAR-T Therapy with PD-1 and BTK Inhibitors Maintenance in a Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Patient: Rui Zou, Xiao Zhou, Hailing Liu, Peng Wang, Fan Xia, Liqing Kang, Lei Yu, Depei Wu, Zhengming Jin, Changju Qu; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1363-1368. Published online June 14, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.371

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Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that affects the brain, eyes, cerebrospinal fluid, or spinal cord without systemic involvement. The outcome of patients with PCNSL is worse compared to patients with systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Given potential mortality associated with severe immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), patients with PCNSL have been excluded from most clinical trials involving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy initially. Here, we report for the first time to apply decitabine-primed tandem CD19/CD22 dual-targeted CAR-T therapy with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors maintenance in one patient with multiline-resistant refractory PCNSL and the patient has maintained complete remission (CR) for a 35-month follow-up period. This case represents the first successful treatment of multiline resistant refractory PCNSL with long-term CR and without inducing ICANS under tandem CD19/CD22 bispecific CAR-T therapy followed by maintenance therapy with PD-1 and BTK inhibitors. This study shows tremendous potential in the treatment of PCNSL and offers a look toward ongoing clinical studies.

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Potential of small-molecule targeted drugs in combination with CAR-T cell therapy for hematologic lymphomas
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Josephus L M van Rooij, Peter H Wessels, Eveline M Delemarre, Bob Meek, Henk J T Ruven, Tatjana Seute, Monique C Minnema, Stefan Nierkens, Tom J Snijders
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Cytarabine/methotrexate/rituximab

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Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

Intensified First Cycle of Rituximab Plus Eight Cycles of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisolone with Rituximab Chemotherapy for Advanced-Stage or Bulky Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Phase II Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma (CISL) Study: Yu Ri Kim, Jin Seok Kim, Won Seog Kim, Hyeon Seok Eom, Deok-Hwan Yang, Sung Hwa Bae, Hyo Jung Kim, Jae Hoon Lee, Suk-Joong Oh, Sung-Soo Yoon, Jae-Yong Kwak, Chul Won Choi, Min Kyoung Kim, Sung Young Oh, Hye Jin Kang, Seung Hyun Nam, Hyeok Shim, Joon Seong Park, Yeung-Chul Mun, Cheolwon Suh, the Korean Society of Hematology Lymphoma Working Party; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1355-1362. Published online March 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.271

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This phase II, open-label, multicenter study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a rituximab intensification for the 1st cycle with every 21-day of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP-21) among patients with previously untreated advanced-stage or bulky diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Materials and Methods
Ninety-two patients with stage III/IV or bulky DLBCL from 21 institutions were administered 8 cycles of R-CHOP-21 with an additional one dose of rituximab intensification on day 0 of the 1st cycle (RR-CHOP). The primary endpoint was a complete response (CR) rate after 3 cycles of chemotherapy.
Results
Among the 92 DLBCL patients assessed herein, the response rate after 3 cycles of chemotherapy was 88.0% (38.0% CR+50.0% partial response [PR]). After the completion of 8 cycles of chemotherapy, the overall response rate was observed for 68.4% (58.7% CR+9.8% PR). The 3-year progression-free survival rate was 64.0%, and the 3-year overall survival rate was 70.4%. Febrile neutropenia was one of the most frequent grade 3 adverse events (40.0%) and 5 treatment-related deaths occurred. Compared with the clinical outcomes of patients who received R-CHOP chemotherapy as a historical control, the interim CR rate was higher in male patients with RR-CHOP (20.5% vs. 48.8%, p=0.016).
Conclusion
Rituximab intensification on days 0 to the 1st cycle of the standard 8 cycles R-CHOP-21 for advanced DLBCL yielded favorable response rates after the 3 cycles of chemotherapy and acceptable toxicities, especially for male patients. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01054781.

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Design, Conduct, and Analysis of Externally Controlled Trials
Jiali Liu, Minghong Yao, Mingqi Wang, Wan Jie, Yanmei Liu, Xiaochao Luo, Jiayidaer Huan, Kelin Deng, Ke Deng, Kang Zou, Ying Zhang, Ling Li, Xin Sun
JAMA Network Open.2025; 8(9): e2530277. CrossRef

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Outcomes in Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results from Two Prospective Korean Cohorts: Jun Ho Yi, Seong Hyun Jeong, Seok Jin Kim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Hye Jin Kang, Youngil Koh, Jin Seok Kim, Won-Sik Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Young Rok Do, Min Kyoung Kim, Kwai Han Yoo, Yoon Seok Choi, Whan Jung Yun, Yong Park, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Jae-Yong Kwak, Ho-Jin Shin, Byeong Bae Park, Seong Yoon Yi, Ji-Hyun Kwon, Sung Yong Oh, Hyo Jung Kim, Byeong Seok Sohn, Jong Ho Won, Dae-Sik Hong, Ho-Sup Lee, Gyeong-Won Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Won Seog Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):325-333. Published online April 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.008

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common hematologic malignancy worldwide. Although substantial improvement has been achieved by the frontline rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy, up to 40%-50% of patients will eventually have relapsed or refractory disease, whose prognosis is extremely dismal.
Materials and Methods
We have carried out two prospective cohort studies that include over 1,500 DLBCL patients treated with rituximab plus CHOP (#NCT01202448 and #NCT02474550). In the current report, we describe the outcomes of refractory DLBCL patients. Patients were defined to have refractory DLBCL if they met one of the followings, not achieving at least partial response after 4 or more cycles of R-CHOP; not achieving at least partial response after 2 or more cycles of salvage therapy; progressive disease within 12 months after autologous stem cell transplantation.
Results
Among 1,581 patients, a total of 260 patients met the criteria for the refractory disease after a median time to progression of 9.1 months. The objective response rate of salvage treatment was 26.4%, and the complete response rate was 9.6%. The median overall survival (OS) was 7.5 months (95% confidence interval, 6.4 to 8.6), and the 2-year survival rate was 22.1%±2.8%. The median OS for each refractory category was not significantly different (p=0.529).
Conclusion
In line with the previous studies, the outcomes of refractory DLBCL patients were extremely poor, which necessitates novel approaches for this population.

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Real-world clinical outcomes of tisagenlecleucel in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a single-center retrospective study
Gi-June Min, Tong Yoon Kim, Young-Woo Jeon, Sung Soo Park, Silvia Park, Jae-Ho Yoon, Sung-Eun Lee, Byung Sik Cho, Yoo-Jin Kim, Ki-Seong Eom, Hee-Je Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Seok-Goo Cho
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Cancer Cell International.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 153: 113341. CrossRef

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Predictive Parameters of Febrile Neutropenia and Clinical Significance of G-CSF Receptor Signaling Pathway in the Development of Neutropenia during R-CHOP Chemotherapy with Prophylactic Pegfilgrastim in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Do Young Kim, Jehyun Nam, Joo-Seop Chung, Byeol Eun Jeon, Ji Hyun Lee, Jae-Cheol Jo, Sang-Woo Kim, Ho-Jin Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1256-1267. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.944

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Pegfilgrastim is widely used to prevent chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) and febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We investigated the predictive factors affecting CIN and FN incidence in patients with DLBCL receiving rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy with pegfilgrastim and conducted experiments to find reason for the occurrence of CIN even when pegfilgrastim was used.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed the CIN and FN events of 200 patients with DLBCL. Based on these data, we investigate the association with predictive factor and the levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor signaling pathway markers (pSTAT3, pAKT, pERK1/2, pBAD, and CXCR4) in bone marrow (BM) samples isolated from patients with DLBCL.
Results
FN was significantly associated with stage III/IV (hazard ratio [HR], 12.74) and low serum albumin levels (HR, 3.87). Additionally, patients with FN had lower progression-free survival (PFS; 2-year PFS, 51.1 % vs. 74.0%) and overall survival (OS; 2-year OS, 58.2% vs. 85.0%) compared to those without FN. The occurrence of CIN was associated with overexpression of G-CSF receptor signaling pathway markers, and expression levels of these markers were upregulated in BM cells co-cultured with DLBCL cells. The rate of neutrophil apoptosis was also higher in neutrophils co-cultured with DLBCL cells and was further promoted by treatment with doxorubicin.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that high DLBCL burden may alter the BM environment and G-CSF receptor signaling pathway, even in chemotherapy-naïve state, which may increase CIN frequency during R-CHOP chemotherapy.

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Hypogammaglobulinemia at Diagnosis is Associated With Inferior Survival and Higher Risk of Infections in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
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Sarcopenia attenuates the efficacy of PEGylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in preventing febrile neutropenia
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Predictive Model for Occurrence of Febrile Neutropenia after Chemotherapy in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study
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Pegfilgrastim Prophylaxis Is Effective in the Prevention of Febrile Neutropenia and Reduces Mortality in Patients Aged ≥ 75 Years with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with R-CHOP: A Prospective Cohort Study: Seong Hyun Jeong, Seok Jin Kim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Yong Park, Hye Jin Kang, Youngil Koh, Gyeong-Won Lee, Won-Sik Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Young Rok Do, Min Kyoung Kim, Kwai Han Yoo, Yoon Seok Choi, Hwan Jung Yun, Jun Ho Yi, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Jae-Yong Kwak, Ho-Jin Shin, Byeong Bae Park, Shin Young Hyun, Seong Yoon Yi, Ji-Hyun Kwon, Sung Yong Oh, Hyo Jung Kim, Byeong Seok Sohn, Jong Ho Won, Se-Hyung Kim, Ho-Sup Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Won Seog Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1268-1277. Published online December 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1168

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Febrile neutropenia (FN) can cause suboptimal treatment and treatment-related mortality (TRM) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP).
Materials and methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of pegfilgrastim prophylaxis in DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP, and we compared them with the PROCESS cohort (n=485).
Results
Since January 2015, 986 patients with DLBCL were enrolled. Pegfilgrastim was administered at least once in 930 patients (94.3%), covering 90.3% of all cycles. FN developed in 137 patients (13.9%) in this cohort (23.7% in the PROCESS cohort, p<0.001), and 4.2% of all cycles (10.2% in the PROCESS cohort, p<0.001). Dose delay was less common (≥3 days: 18.1% vs. 23.7%, p=0.015; ≥5 days: 12.0% vs. 18.3%, p=0.023) in this cohort than in the PROCESS cohort. The incidence of TRM (3.2% vs. 5.6%, p=0.047) and infection-related death (1.8% vs. 4.5%, p=0.004) was lower in this cohort than in the PROCESS cohort. The 4-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of the two cohorts were not different (OS: 73.0% vs. 71.9%, p=0.545; PFS: 69.5% vs. 68.8%, p=0.616). However, in patients aged ≥75 years, the 4-year OS and PFS rates were higher in this cohort than in the PROCESS cohort (OS: 49.6% vs. 33.7%, p=0.032; PFS: 44.2% vs. 30.3% p=0.047).
Conclusion
Pegfilgrastim prophylaxis is effective in the prevention of FN and infection-related death in DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP, and it also improves OS in patients aged ≥75 years.

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Efficacy of pegfilgrastim in preventing febrile neutropenia during DCF chemotherapy for esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Khaled Hemdan, Rana Mohamed El Tabakh, Ziad W Elmezayen, Amr Mahmoud Yousef, Ahmed Hussein, Ali M Elghareab, Mazen Momtaz Shehata, Alaa Abdelaziz Ellethey, Ahmed Oun
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Mecapegfilgrastim for Prophylaxis of Immunochemotherapy‐Induced Neutropenia in Patients With Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Pilot Trial
Jie Wang, He Li, Qiaochu Lin, Yong Guo, Hongbing Ma, Bing Xiang, Chenlu Yang, Kai Shen, Chunlan Zhang, Kun Yang, Chunrong Ma, Hong Zhai, Jin Wei, Yan Zuo, Jie Zhou, Ting Niu
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Supportive Care in Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Lymphoma

Prognostic Impact of Age at the Time of Diagnosis in Korean Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in the Rituximab Era: A Single Institution Study: Hee Sang Hwang, Meejeong Kim, Chan-Sik Park, Dok Hyun Yoon, Cheolwon Suh, Jooryung Huh, Heounjeong Go; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(1):270-278. Published online September 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.626

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
In contrast to the Western diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), prognostic impact of age in a Korean population with DLBCL has not been fully evaluated.
Materials and Methods
Six hundred and eight DLBCL patients treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapeutic regimens from January 2002 to March 2012 in Asan Medical Center were enrolled. Survival models using the restricted cubic spine−transformed age variable were constructed to evaluate non-linear relationships between age and survival outcome. Finally, age was categorized according to the conventional international prognostic index (IPI), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-IPI, and Grupo Español de Linfomas/Trasplante Autólogo de Médula Ósea (GELTAMO)-IPI schemes and the prognostic implications were evaluated.
Results
The relative hazard did not change significantly during the first to fifth decades, but began to increase exponentially in patients aged over 62 years. This pattern or relationship was also retained in a multivariate model fitted to the age-adjusted IPI and relative dose intensity. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that age > 75 years, but not age > 60 years, was associated independently with poor overall and progression-free survival when the relative dose intensity and age-adjusted IPI were taken into account.
Conclusion
The outcome of DLBCL in Korean populations may deteriorate rapidly as age exceeds 62 years. Therefore, a consensus cutoff value for age in Korean DLBCL patients should be determined to better predict prognosis.

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A Competing Risk-Based Online Calculator for Cancer-Specific Survival Prediction of Patients With Spinal and Pelvic Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Jun Shang, Zhixin Yuan, Xiao Xiao, Ge Jiang, Sheng Yang, Chuanfeng Wang, Guoxin Fan
Global Spine Journal.2026; 16(4): 1707. CrossRef
SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions | Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review
Varun Iyengar, Paul Hamlin, Pallawi Torka
Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia.2025; 25(6): 395. CrossRef
Two distinct age-prognosis patterns in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing surgical and radiotherapy treatments: a combined analysis of 3JECROG and SEER databases
Chen Li, Xiao Chang, Qifeng Wang, Qingsong Pang, Zefen Xiao, Wencheng Zhang, Zhiyong Yuan
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Impact of R-CHOP dose intensity on survival outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review
Edward J. Bataillard, Chan Yoon Cheah, Matthew J. Maurer, Arushi Khurana, Toby A. Eyre, Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly
Blood Advances.2021; 5(9): 2426. CrossRef

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Case Report

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Arising within Ileal Neobladder: An Expanding Spectrum of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Associated with Chronic Inflammation: Hyekyung Lee, Hyunbin Shin, Nae Yu Kim, Hyun Sik Park, Jinsung Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1666-1670. Published online March 22, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.022

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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with chronic inflammation (DLBCL-CI), specifically arising in ileal neobladder, is a rare neoplasm. We present an unusual case of Epstein– Barr virus (EBV)–positive DLBCL-CI arising within neobladder with detailed clinical, histological, and immunophenotypical features in an immunocompetent patient. An 88-year-old male was admitted for gross hematuria. He had undergone radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder 17 years ago for invasive bladder cancer. Computed tomography showed enhancing lesions on dome and posterior wall of neobladder with mucosal thickening and multiple enlarged retroperitoneal lymphadenopathies. Transurethralresection of neobladder lesion revealed the diffuse infiltration of large lymphoid cells which were positive for CD20, CD30, and multiple myeloma oncogen-1 with EBV-encoded small RNAs co-localizing, and diagnosis of EBV-positive DLBCL-CI was made. After multi-agent chemotherapy, the lesion disappeared. We suggest that clinicians should consider the possibility of DLBCL-CI in patients presented with hematuria during follow-up after bladder reconstruction.

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Advances in the Pathogenesis of EBV-Associated Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Paola Chabay
Cancers.2021; 13(11): 2717. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Dose-Dense Rituximab-CHOP versus Standard Rituximab-CHOP in Newly Diagnosed Chinese Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label Phase 3 Trial: Xueying Li, He Huang, Bing Xu, Hongqiang Guo, Yingcheng Lin, Sheng Ye, Jiqun Yi, Wenyu Li, Xiangyuan Wu, Wei Wang, Hongyu Zhan, Derong Xie, Jiewen Peng, Yabing Cao, Xingxiang Pu, Chengcheng Guo, Huangming Hong, Zhao Wang, Xiaojie Fang, Yong Zhou, Suxia Lin, Qing Liu, Tongyu Lin; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):919-932. Published online October 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.230

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone administered every 3 weeks (R-CHOP-21) is the standard care for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). It is unknown whether the dose-dense R-CHOP (R-CHOP-14) could improve the outcome of the disease in Asian population.
Materials and Methods
Newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were centrally, randomly assigned (1:1) to receive R-CHOP- 14 or R-CHOP-21. R-CHOP-14 was administered every 2 weeks, and R-CHOP-21 was administered every 3 weeks. Primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rate and toxicities.
Results
Seven hundred and two patients were randomly assigned to receive R-CHOP-14 (n=349) or R-CHOP-21 (n=353). With a median follow-up of 45.6 months, the two groups did not differ significantly in 3-year DFS (79.6% for R-CHOP-14 vs. 83.2% for R-CHOP-21, p=0.311), 3-year OS (77.5% for R-CHOP-14 vs. 77.6% for R-CHOP-21, p=0.903), or 3-year PFS (63.2% for R-CHOP-14 vs. 66.1% for R-CHOP-21, p=0.447). Patients with an International Prognostic Index (IPI) score ≥ 2 had a poorer prognosis compared to those with an IPI score < 2. Grade 3/4 hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities were manageable and similar between R-CHOP-14 and R-CHOP-21.
Conclusion
R-CHOP-14 did not improve the outcome of DLBCL compared to R-CHOP-21 in Asian population. With manageable and similar toxicities, both of the two regimens were suitable for Asian DLBCL patients. For high-risk patients with IPI ≥ 2, new combination regimens based on R-CHOP deserve further investigation to improve efficacy.

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Definitions and use of tumor bulk in phase 3 lymphoma trials: a comprehensive literature review
Luke Wang, Eliza Chung, Cameron Wellard, Allison Barraclough, Belinda A. Campbell, Geoffrey Chong, Pietro R. Di Ciaccio, Gareth P. Gregory, Greg Hapgood, Anna M. Johnston, Constantine Tam, Stephen Opat, Erica M. Wood, Zoe K. McQuilten, Eliza A. Hawkes
Blood Advances.2025; 9(9): 2275. CrossRef
Prediction of 5‐year overall survival of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma on the pola‐R‐CHP regimen based on 2‐year event‐free survival and progression‐free survival
Wan‐Ru Zhang, Xin Liu, Qiu‐Zi Zhong, Tao Wu, Yong Yang, Bo Chen, Hao Jing, Yuan Tang, Jing Jin, Yue‐Ping Liu, Yong‐Wen Song, Hui Fang, Ning‐Ning Lu, Ning Li, Yi‐Rui Zhai, Wen‐Wen Zhang, Shu‐Lian Wang, Fan Chen, Lin Yin, Shu‐Nan Qi, Ye‐Xiong Li
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Long-term outcomes with HLX01 (HanliKang®), a rituximab biosimilar, in previously untreated patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: 5-year follow-up results of the phase 3 HLX01-NHL03 study
Yan Qin, Yongping Song, Dong Wang, Ou Bai, Jifeng Feng, Xiuhua Sun, Lihua Qiu, Jianmin Yang, Yu Yang, Zhao Wang, Jianda Hu, Huaqing Wang, Hang Su, Zhengming Jin, Wenbin Qian, Chuan Jin, Mingzhi Zhang, Ding Yu, Li Liu, Guoan Chen, Yarong Li, Tao Sun, Jie J
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Palmitic acid reduces the methylation of the FOXO1 promoter to suppress the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via modulating the miR-429/DNMT3A axis
Weiming LI, Ming GAO, Weili XUE, Xiaoli LI, Yu CHANG, Kaixin ZHANG, Chenyu WEN, Mingzhi ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines.2024; 22(6): 554. CrossRef
Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma undergoing R-CHOP21 in China: a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis
Xiaojia Huang, Xiaoting Huang, Shen Lin, Shaohong Luo, Liangliang Dong, Dong Lin, Yaping Huang, Chen Xie, Dongni Nian, Xiongwei Xu, Xiuhua Weng
BMJ Open.2023; 13(3): e068943. CrossRef
Intensified First Cycle of Rituximab Plus Eight Cycles of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisolone with Rituximab Chemotherapy for Advanced-Stage or Bulky Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Phase II Consortium for Improving S
Yu Ri Kim, Jin Seok Kim, Won Seog Kim, Hyeon Seok Eom, Deok-Hwan Yang, Sung Hwa Bae, Hyo Jung Kim, Jae Hoon Lee, Suk-Joong Oh, Sung-Soo Yoon, Jae-Yong Kwak, Chul Won Choi, Min Kyoung Kim, Sung Young Oh, Hye Jin Kang, Seung Hyun Nam, Hyeok Shim, Joon Seong
Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 55(4): 1355. CrossRef
Radiation and Dose-densification of R-CHOP in Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma With Intermediate Prognosis: The UNFOLDER Study
Lorenz Thurner, Marita Ziepert, Christian Berdel, Christian Schmidt, Peter Borchmann, Dominic Kaddu-Mulindwa, Andreas Viardot, Mathias Witzens-Harig, Judith Dierlamm, Mathias Haenel, Bernd Metzner, Gerald Wulf, Eva Lengfelder, Ulrich B. Keller, Norbert Fr
HemaSphere.2023; 7(7): e904. CrossRef
Treatment of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Aleksander Sergeevich Luchinin
Clinical Oncohematology.2022; 15(2): 130. CrossRef
The prognostic roles of hepatitis B virus antibody in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients
Shunfeng Hu, Na Chen, Kang Lu, Changqing Zhen, Xiaohui Sui, Xiaosheng Fang, Ying Li, Yingshu Luo, Xiangxiang Zhou, Xin Wang
Leukemia & Lymphoma.2021; 62(6): 1335. CrossRef
Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the fallopian tube treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy
Ye Zhou, Chao Zhang, Yingying Gong, Linqing Yang, Yunfei Wang
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Impact and Intricacies of Bone Marrow Microenvironment in B-cell Lymphomas: From Biology to Therapy
Anuvrat Sircar, Sayan Chowdhury, Amber Hart, William Bell, Satishkumar Singh, Lalit Sehgal, Narendranath Epperla
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(3): 904. CrossRef
Association of progression-free or event-free survival with overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after immunochemotherapy: a systematic review
Jie Zhu, Yong Yang, Jin Tao, Shu-Lian Wang, Bo Chen, Jian-Rong Dai, Chen Hu, Shu-Nan Qi, Ye-Xiong Li
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Murali Kesavan, Toby A. Eyre, Graham P. Collins
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Immunohistochemical Subtype and Parameters of International Prognostic Index in the New Prognostic Model of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
S. V. Samarina, A. S. Luchinin, N. V. Minaeva, I. V. Paramonov, D. A. D’yakonov, E. V. Vaneeva, V. A. Rosin, S. V. Gritsaev
Clinical Oncohematology.2019; 12(4): 385. CrossRef

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Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Outcomes in Very Elderly Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: The Korean Cancer Study Group LY16-01: Jung Hye Choi, Tae Min Kim, Hyo Jung Kim, Sung Ae Koh, Yeung-Chul Mun, Hye Jin Kang, Yun Hwa Jung, Hyeok Shim, So Young Chong, Der-Sheng Sun, Soonil Lee, Byeong Bae Park, Jung Hye Kwon, Seung-Hyun Nam, Jun Ho Yi, Young Jin Yuh, Jong-Youl Jin, Jae Joon Han, Seok-Hyun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(2):590-598. Published online June 9, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.172

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The treatment strategy for elderly patients older than 80 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been established because of poor treatment tolerability and lack of data.
Materials and Methods
This multicenter retrospective study was conducted to investigate clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes of patients older than 80 years who were diagnosed with DLBCL at 19 institutions in Korea between 2005 and 2016.
Results
A total of 194 patients were identified (median age, 83.3 years). Of these, 114 patients had an age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) score of 2-3 and 48 had a Charlson index score of 4 or more. R-CHOP was given in 124 cases, R-CVP in 13 cases, other chemotherapy in 17 cases, radiation alone in nine cases, and surgery alone in two cases. Twenty-nine patients did not undergo any treatment. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was three. Only 37 patients completed the planned treatment cycles. The overall response rate from 105 evaluable patientswas 90.5% (complete response, 41.9%). Twentynine patients died due to treatment-related toxicities (TRT). Thirteen patients died due to TRT after the first cycle. Median overall survival was 14.0 months. The main causes of death were disease progression (30.8%) and TRT (27.1%). In multivariate analysis, overall survival was affected by aaIPI, hypoalbuminemia, elevated creatinine, and treatment.
Conclusion
Age itself should not be a contraindication to treatment. However, since elderly patients show higher rates of TRT due to infection, careful monitoring and dose modification of chemotherapeutic agents is needed.

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Mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome-based chemotherapy plus rituximab in elderly patients older than 80 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: case report and review of the literature
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Treatment Patterns and Costs Among US Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma not Treated With 2L Stem Cell Transplantation
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Cachexia index as a potential biomarker for cancer cachexia and a prognostic indicator in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
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Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2019; 84(1): 127. CrossRef
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Cross-sectional Study of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Assessing the Effect of Host Status, Tumor Burden, and Inflammatory Activity on Venous Thromboembolism: Sung Hee Lim, Sook-young Woo, Seonwoo Kim, Young Hyeh Ko, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):312-321. Published online March 2, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.266

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are not clear although thrombosis can be associated with host status, tumor burden, and inflammatory activity. We assessed the effect of those factors on VTE in a cross-sectional study of patients enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Materials and Methods We analyzed the occurrence of VTE in 322 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who received rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) between 2008 and 2011. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured from serum samples archived at diagnosis.
Results
With a median follow-up duration of 41.9 months, VTE was documented in 34 patients (10.6%). A comparison of baseline characteristics indicated the group with VTE had higher percentage of old age, stage III/IV and extranodal involvements than the group without VTE (p < 0.05). Thus, the International Prognostic Index was significantly associated with VTE, but the Khorana score was not. A univariate competing risk factor analysis for VTE revealed that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were also associated with VTE (p < 0.05) in addition to host and tumor burden. However, a multivariate analysis showed that two host factors including age (≥ 60 years) and poor performance were independent risk factors for VTE. Conclusion Among potential risk factors for VTE including tumor burden and inflammatory activity, age and performance status had a strong impact on the occurrence of VTE in patients with DLBCL who received R-CHOP.

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Case Report

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Involvement of the Breast and Testis in a Male Patient: Eunji Choi, Jae-Cheol Jo, Dok Hyun Yoon, Shin Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Jooryung Huh, Chan-Sik Park, Sang Wook Lee, Cheolwon Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(3):539-543. Published online September 11, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.245

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Here we report a case of a 76-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with simultaneous involvement of the right breast and left testicle. The patient underwent complete resection of the involved testis, followed by immunochemotherapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) and prophylactic radiotherapy to the contralateral testis. Following this multimodal therapy, he achieved a complete response. This is a rare case of DLBCL involving both the breast and the testis in a male patient.

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Case Report: Difficulties in diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma of the breast by core needle biopsy
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Bilateral Primary Testicular Lymphoma with Retroperitoneal and Possible CNS Involvement: A Rare Case Report
Poosarla Ram Sohan, Chandrashekhar Mahakalkar, Shruthi Bikkumalla, Srinivasa Reddy, Akansha Hatewar, Sparsh Dixit
International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases.2025; 15(4): 487. CrossRef
Rare incidence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with bilateral breast and testicular involvement in a male patient: A case report and review of the literature
Sarah Ayad, Anuraag Sah, Kirolos Gergis, Michelle Cholankeril
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Primary breast lymphoma in males: Incidence, demographics, prognostic factors, survival, and comparisons with females
Jie Zhang, Binbin Ma, Hong Ji, Rong Guo
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Afaf H Al Battah, Einas A Al Kuwari, Zsolt Hascsi, Abdulqadir J Nashwan, Halima Elomari, Hisham Elsabah, Safa Al Azawi, Samah Kohla, Dina Soliman, Mohamed A Yassin
Clinical Medicine Insights: Blood Disorders.2017; 10: 1179545X1772503. CrossRef

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Original Article

Clinical Outcome of Rituximab-Based Therapy (RCHOP) in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients with Bone Marrow Involvement: Byung Woog Kang, Joon Ho Moon, Yee Soo Chae, Soo Jung Lee, Jong Gwang Kim, Yeo-Kyeoung Kim, Je-Jung Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Jin Young Kim, Young Rok Do, Keon Uk Park, Hong Suk Song, Ki Young Kwon, Min Kyung Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Myung Soo Hyun, Hun Mo Ryoo, Sung Hwa Bae, Hwak Kim, Sang Kyun Sohn; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(2):112-117. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.2.112

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
We investigated the clinical outcome of bone marrow (BM) involvement in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received rituximab-based therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 567 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL treated with rituximab-CHOP (RCHOP) between November 2001 and March 2010 were included in the current study. All of the patients underwent a BM study at the initial staging and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of these patients with or without BM involvement were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
The total cohort included 567 patients. The overall incidence of BM involvement was 8.5%. With a median follow-up duration of 33.2 months (range, 0.1 to 80.7 months) for patients who were alive at the last follow-up, the five-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rate in patients without BM involvement (76.3% and 67.5%, p<0.001) was statistically higher than that in patients with BM involvement (44.3% and 40.1%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, among total patients, BM involvement showed a significant association with OS and EFS. In univariate and multivariate analyses, even among stage IV patients, a significant association with worse EFS was observed in the BM involvement group.
CONCLUSION
BM involvement at diagnosis affected the survival of patients with DLBCL who received RCHOP. Although use of RCHOP can result in significant improvement of the therapeutic effect of DLBCL, BM involvement is still a negative prognostic factor of DLBCL patients in the era of rituximab.

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Haruya Okamoto, Nobuhiko Uoshima, Ayako Muramatsu, Reiko Isa, Takahiro Fujino, Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto, Taku Tsukamoto, Shinsuke Mizutani, Yuji Shimura, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Eri Kawata, Hitoji Uchiyama, Junya Kuroda
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PLOS ONE.2018; 13(7): e0199708. CrossRef
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Maria Joao Baptista, Olga Garcia, Mireia Morgades, Eva Gonzalez-Barca, Pilar Miralles, Armando Lopez-Guillermo, Eugenia Abella, Miriam Moreno, Juan-Manuel Sancho, Evarist Feliu, Josep-Maria Ribera, Jose-Tomas Navarro
AIDS.2015; 29(7): 811. CrossRef
Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Impact of Rituximab on Overall Survival of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell and Follicular Lymphoma
José Carlos Jaime-Pérez, Carmen Magdalena Gamboa-Alonso, Alberto Vázquez-Mellado de Larracoechea, Marisol Rodríguez-Martínez, César Homero Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Luis Javier Marfil-Rivera, David Gómez-Almaguer
Archives of Medical Research.2015; 46(6): 454. CrossRef

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Case Report

Unusual Presentation of Large B Cell Lymphoma- Bone and Stomach- Treated with Autologous Transplantation: Bokyung Kim, Sung Yong Oh, Suee Lee, Hyuk-Chan Kwon, Sung-Hyun Kim, Sook Hee Hong, Sung-Soo Kim, Hyo-Jin Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2007;39(4):181-184. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2007.39.4.181

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Extranodal presentation of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBL) is frequently observed in the gastrointestinal tract, CNS, bone, testes and liver. However, the simultaneous detection of multiple extranodal involvement at presentation is quite an uncommon occurrence. In this study, we report on a patient with an uncommon presentation of DLBL, and he had symptoms of left knee joint pain and hematemesis, characterized by bone and stomach involvement. Computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning revealed a rapid, extensive spread to the bones and soft tissues. Subsequent histopathological examination verified the bony and gastric CD20-positive DLBL localization. We diagnosed this case as DLBL of stage IV with an international prognostic index of 3, and classified him into the high intermediate risk group. This patient was treated via chemotherapy with an R-CHOP regimen. After achieving a partial response, the patient received autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The patient attained partial remission, as shown on the FDG-PET scan, and he displayed improvement of his left femur pain.

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