Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Breast cancer

Comparison of the Effectiveness and Clinical Outcome of Everolimus Followed by CDK4/6 Inhibitors with the Opposite Treatment Sequence in Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: Hyehyun Jeong, Jae Ho Jeong, Jeong Eun Kim, Jin-Hee Ahn, Kyung Hae Jung, Sung-Bae Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):469-477. Published online June 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.205

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
In hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic breast cancer (HR+ HER2–MBC), the mainstay treatment options include cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and everolimus (EVE) in combination with endocrine treatment. This study aims to compare the outcomes of the following treatment sequences: CDK4/6i followed by EVE and EVE followed by CDK4/6i.
Materials and Methods
Data from HR+ HER2– MBC patients treated between January 2014 and November 2020 with both CDK4/6i and EVE were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
Among the 88 patients included in the study, 51 received CDK4/6i before EVE (C→E group), and 37 received EVE before CDK4/6i (E→C group) with endocrine treatment. More patients in the E→C group had endocrine resistance (13.7% vs. 40.5%), experienced palliative chemotherapy (7.8% vs. 40.5%), and were heavily treated (treated as ≥ 3rd line, 5.9% vs. 40.5%). Median overall survival was 46.8 months in the C→E group and 38.9 months in the E→C group (p=0.151). Median composite progression-free survival (PFS), defined as the time from the start of the preceding regimen to disease progression on the following regimen or death, was 24.8 months in the C→E group vs. 21.8 months in the E→C group (p=0.681). Median PFS2/PFS1 ratio did not differ significantly between groups (0.5 in the C→E group, 0.6 in the E→C group; p=0.775). Ten patients (11.4%) discontinued EVE, and two patients (2.3%) discontinued CDK4/6i during treatment.
Conclusion
Although the CDK4/6i-based regimen should be considered as an earlier line of treatment, CDK4/6i- and EVE-based treatments can be valid options in circumstances where the other treatment had been already given.

Citations

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CDK4/6 inhibitors for metastatic breast cancer in routine clinical practice in Spain: survey of patterns of use and oncologists’ perceptions
F. Moreno, V. Iranzo, I. Álvarez, A. Antón, J. I. Chacón, J. Gavilá, M. Martín, P. Sánchez Rovira, P. Gratal, M. J. Fernández González, R. López
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Growth Modulation Index (GMI) as an Efficacy Outcome in Cancer Clinical Trials: A Scoping Review with Suggested Reporting Guidelines
Kilian Trin, Cynthia Dalleau, Simone Mathoulin-Pelissier, Christophe Le Tourneau, Derek Dinart, Carine Bellera
Current Oncology Reports.2025; 27(5): 516. CrossRef
The different sequences of CDK4/6 inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor in HR+/HER2-advanced breast cancer: A multicenter real-world study
Yuqian Liao, Yujing Tan, Yipeng Li, Fei Ma, Jiayu Wang, Pin Zhang, Qing Li, Qiao Li, Yang Luo, Bo Lan, Shanshan Chen, Binghe Xu, Hanfang Jiang, Weihong Zhao, Ying Fan
Heliyon.2024; 10(19): e38147. CrossRef
Long-Term Results with Everolimus in Advanced Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer in a Multicenter National Real-World Observational Study
Hélène François-Martin, Audrey Lardy-Cléaud, Barbara Pistilli, Christelle Levy, Véronique Diéras, Jean-Sébastien Frenel, Séverine Guiu, Marie-Ange Mouret-Reynier, Audrey Mailliez, Jean-Christophe Eymard, Thierry Petit, Mony Ung, Isabelle Desmoulins, Paule
Cancers.2023; 15(4): 1191. CrossRef
Selective protection of normal cells from chemotherapy, while killing drug-resistant cancer cells
Mikhail V. Blagosklonny
Oncotarget.2023; 14(1): 193. CrossRef
A systematic review of computational approaches to understand cancer biology for informed drug repurposing
Faheem Ahmed, Anupama Samantasinghar, Afaque Manzoor Soomro, Sejong Kim, Kyung Hyun Choi
Journal of Biomedical Informatics.2023; 142: 104373. CrossRef
Tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1) promotes growth and transferation of breast cancer cells via mediating PI3K/Akt pathway
Yange Wu, Wenxiu Chen, Yufeng Gong, Hongxia Liu, Bo Zhang
Bioengineered.2021; 12(2): 10761. CrossRef

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Expression of Cyclin D1 and CDK4 in DMBA-Induced Rat Ovarian Cancer: Ki Kwon Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2001;33(3):229-235. Published online June 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2001.33.3.229

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecologic malignancy and the leading cause of death in women. It is typically not diagnosed until it has reached the advanced stages. We performed this study to investigate the roles of the proteins related to the G1 cell cycle in ovarian carcinogenesis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to analyse the expression of cyclin Dl and CDK4 in 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene- induced ovarian cancer in rats.
RESULTS
The Cyclin D1 and CDK4 labelling index was significantly higher in the ovarian cancers than in the normal ovarian surface epithelium of rats. There was no difference among the cancer types. In Western blot analyses, the expression of cyclin Dl and CDK4 in the ovarian cancers was higher than that in the normal ovarian surface epithelium. A positive correlation was observed between the expressions of the CDK4 and Cyclin D1.
CONCLUSION
The upregulation of cyclin Dl and CDK4 that occurs in DMBA-induced rat ovarian carcinogenesis is likely to be associated with tumor progression. Further studies are needed to investigate the role and function of cyclin Dl and CDK4 in human ovarian cancer.

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CDK4/6i enhances the antitumor effect of PD1 antibody by promoting TLS formation in ovarian cancer
Wangyou Feng, Dongbo Jiang, Ying Xu, Yuanfeng Li, Lin Chen, Minye Zhao, Yujie Shen, Wenjing Liao, Hong Yang, Jia Li
Heliyon.2023; 9(9): e19760. CrossRef

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44 Download
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