Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Article

Long-term Immunogenicity of the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine during Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: A 5-year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial: Hyeon-Jong Kim, Hyunjin Bang, Hyun-Jung Shim, Jun Eul Hwang, Sang-Hee Cho, Ik-Joo Chung, Seung Ji Kang, Jong Gwang Kim, Seung-Hoon Beom, A-Yeung Jang, Joon Young Song, Woo Kyun Bae; Received November 12, 2024 Accepted February 11, 2025 Published online February 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1083 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Current guidelines recommend vaccination at least two weeks before chemotherapy initiation to optimize the immune response despite limited evidence. Our previous study indicated no differences in short-term immune response for the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) according to the vaccination timing. This study aims to investigate the long-term efficacy of PCV13 and clinical factors associated with the respective antibody response.
Materials and Methods
Patients with gastric or colorectal cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled and divided into two groups: vaccinated two weeks before chemotherapy (arm A) and vaccinated concurrently with chemotherapy (arm B). Serum samples were collected before vaccination and in one month, three years, and five years. Immune responses were measured using ELISA and multiplex opsonophagocytosis assay.
Results
Including 63 patients, both groups showed an initial increase in the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of opsonophagocytic activity and the geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of serotype-specific IgG levels after one month, followed by a decline at three and five years, particularly for serotypes 1, 14, 18C, and 19A. Despite the decline, global protection was maintained for five years, although global response decreased. The two arms did not show significant differences in immunogenicity nor in factors such as vaccination timing, age, cancer type, or chemotherapy regimen.
Conclusion
Vaccination timing is not a significant factor for the immunogenicity of PCV13 in cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Global protection against pneumococcal infection was sustained for >5 years, and global response remained in over half of patients.

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Review Article

The Current Evidence and Future Direction of Adjuvant Treatment for Gastric Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine: Jong Hyuk Yun, Yoon Young Choi, Jae-Ho Cheong; Received December 18, 2024 Accepted January 22, 2025 Published online January 23, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1222 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Although gastric cancer remains a significant global health burden, its treatment strategies vary across different geographical regions, leading to distinct guidelines. In Asia, particularly in Korea, D2 gastrectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy has been established as the standard treatment for stage II/III gastric cancer based on landmark clinical trials. However, this "one-size-fits-all" approach requires refinement as emerging evidence suggests heterogeneous outcomes even within the same stage. This review discusses the evolving landscape of adjuvant treatment in gastric cancer, emphasizing the transition towards precision medicine. Recent molecular characterization of gastric cancer has revealed distinct subtypes with varying prognoses and chemotherapy responses, exemplified by the favorable outcomes of microsatellite instability-high tumors without adjuvant chemotherapy. Additionally, clinical factors including sub-stages within stage II/III, patient performance status, comorbidities, and personal preferences should be considered in treatment decisions. The integration of these molecular and clinical factors, along with shared decision-making between physicians and patients, represents a crucial step toward personalized treatment approaches. Looking ahead, the field is poised for further evolution with the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors, growing evidence for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in selected cases, and the potential of circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for minimal residual disease. This comprehensive approach to treatment decision-making, considering both tumor biology and patient factors, will be essential for realizing precision medicine in gastric cancer care.

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Original Articles

Prognostic Value of POST-Treatment Extent of Tumor (POSTTEXT) System in Patients with Hepatoblastoma: Hana Jeong, Hee Mang Yoon, Pyeong Hwa Kim, Ah Young Jung, Young Ah Cho, Jin Seong Lee, Kyung-Nam Koh, Jung-Man Namgoong; Received June 28, 2024 Accepted January 19, 2025 Published online January 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.600 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
To assess prognostic values of the POST-Treatment Extent of Tumor (POSTTEXT) system and clinical factors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in hepatoblastoma patients and evaluate benefits of posttreatment imaging and clinical factors concomitant with Children’s Hepatic Tumors International Collaboration-Hepatoblastoma Stratification (CHIC-HS) system.
Materials and Methods
This single-center retrospective study of hepatoblastoma cases (2006–2022) included pediatric patients receiving ≥ 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with pre- and post-treatment imaging and complete medical records. Clinical data included age, sex, and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Cox regression analyses identified predictors of event-free survival (EFS). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves assessed the predictive power of combining the CHIC-HS risk stratification with posttreatment factors. Inter-reader agreement was analyzed using weighted kappa.
Results
Among the 109 hepatoblastoma patients, 73 (mean age: 2.2 ± 2.7 years) met the inclusion criteria. Prognostic factors for EFS included AFP levels after the fourth cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 1.233; 95% CI, 1.806–1.400; p=0.001), tumor size change ratio (HR, 0.654; 95% CI, 0.448–0.955; p=0.03), and POSTTEXT annotation factor M (HR, 5.209; 95% CI, 1.639–16.553; p=0.005). Incorporating AFP levels after the fourth cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy into the CHIC-HS improved predictive power (p=0.043). POSTTEXT system showed better inter-reader agreement than PRETEXT.
Conclusion
Predictors of EFS in hepatoblastoma include AFP levels after the fourth cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor size change ratio, and metastasis (POSTTEXT M). Combining AFP levels after the fourth cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to the CHIC-HS improved the predictive ability.

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Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel/Cisplatin/5-Fluorouracil Combined with Pegteograstim for Unresectable, Locally Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: KCSG HN18-07: Bhumsuk Keam, Ho Jung An, Seong Hoon Shin, Min Kyoung Kim, Jung Hae Cho, Seyoung Seo, Sung-Bae Kim; Received October 24, 2024 Accepted December 13, 2024 Published online December 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1025 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) has not been established prospectively. We conducted a phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (TPF) in this population.
Materials and Methods
Eligible patients had unresectable, locally advanced SNSCC, defined as T3/4 stage or potential compromise of critical organ function on surgery. Three TPF (docetaxel 75 mg/m² and cisplatin 75 mg/m² on day 1, 5-fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m² on days 1–4 every 3 weeks) cycles were administered with prophylactic pegteograstim. The primary outcome was the overall response rate (ORR); the secondary outcomes included 2-year progression-free survival (PFS), eyeball preservation rate, and safety.
Results
Among 28 patients screened, 25 were evaluable for efficacy (one screen-failure; two evaluable for safety only). The confirmed ORR was 72.0%. The definitive post-NAC treatment comprised chemoradiotherapy (n=15) and surgery (n=10). With a median follow-up of 25.5 months, median PFS was not reached and the 2-year PFS rate was 60.4%. Response to NAC was related to prolonged PFS (p=0.038). No patient underwent eyeball exenteration at the data cutoff point. Treatment-related adverse events of grade ≥3 were neutropenia (48.1%) including febrile neutropenia (14.8%), followed by acute kidney injury (22.2%), nausea/vomiting (11.1%), anemia (7.4%), thrombocytopenia (7.4%), and enterocolitis (3.7%).
Conclusion
TPF NAC showed a promising efficacy and might help preserve critical structures in this population, which needs to be validated in a large prospective trial (KCT0003377).

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Which Chemotherapy-Related Terms were Difficult for Cancer Patients, and Who Would Have the Most Difficulties?: Mangyeong Lee, Nayeon Kim, Ho-Young Kim, Ayoung Lee, Junghee Yoon, Juhee Cho; Received May 22, 2024 Accepted December 2, 2024 Published online December 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.485 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This cross-sectional study aimed to examine which chemotherapy (CTx) terms were most difficult to understand for cancer patients and identify vulnerable patient populations who might need extra support to understand the terms.
Materials and Methods
We listed 56 CTx-related terms based on the experts’ review, then 300 cancer patients and their caregivers completed a questionnaire that assessed literacy in CTx terms (LCT), functional health literacy, and empowerment. Descriptive analysis was performed to examine which CTx-related terms were most difficult for them. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with LCT level.
Results
Of the total 300 people, 162 (54.0%) were in the low-scoring (LS) group in LCT. LS group had a higher proportion of males, lower monthly income, and lived at the province, compared to the high scoring (HS) group. The participants tended to have difficulties in understanding terms related to blood count, risk of infection, and symptoms written in Sino-Korean. In the multivariable logistic regression, male participants (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–4.62), those with no cancer-related information-seeking (aOR = 4.32, 95% CI: 1.75–12.33), and those with low empowerment (aOR = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.83–5.23) were more likely to have a low level of LCT.
Conclusion
There were still linguistic health literacy challenges faced by cancer patients and their caregivers, specifically in understanding chemotherapy-related terms. Minimizing medical jargon and Sino-Korean terms and empowering patients to be ready for treatment are necessary.

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Predictive Value of the nProfiler 1 Assay for the Efficacy of Adjuvant S-1–Based Doublet Chemotherapy in Stage III Gastric Cancer: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Trial: Dong Ki Lee, Choong-kun Lee, Hyo Song Kim, Sun Jin Sym, Dae Young Zang, Ki Hyang Kim, Joo Han Lim, Hae Su Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Heon Yung Gee, Sun Young Rha, Hyunki Kim, Minkyu Jung; Received July 25, 2024 Accepted November 9, 2024 Published online November 12, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.705 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
The nProfiler 1 Stomach Cancer Assay (nProfiler1), designed to predict responses to fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy, measures the expression of four gastric cancer target genes (GZMB, WARS, SFRP4, and CDX1). The randomized phase III POST trial aimed to compare the efficacies of two adjuvant S-1-based doublet chemotherapies: S-1 plus cisplatin (SP) and S-1 plus docetaxel (DS). This study aimed to validate the nProfiler1 assay using a distinct cohort from the POST trial.
Materials and Methods
The nProfiler1 assay stratifies patients into three groups (low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk) using the prognostic single-patient classifier and two groups (chemotherapy-benefit and no-benefit) using the predictive single-patient classifier. The nProfiler1 assay was applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded slides obtained from the POST trial. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), including 5-year survival rates, were calculated for the enrolled patients.
Results
Of the 153 patients in the POST trial, 118 were included in the post-hoc analysis. With a median follow-up of 57.9 months, no significant difference in DFS or OS was observed between the SP and DS groups. The prognostic single-patient classifier predicted the OS in the SP group (p=0.043) but not in the DS group (p=0.594). The chemotherapy-benefit group exhibited numerically longer DFS than the no-benefit group in the SP and DS groups.
Conclusion
The nProfiler1 assay offers valuable insights into the prognosis and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy based on fluorouracil plus platinum doublet regimens but not docetaxel-containing regimens. Further validation with larger patient cohorts and different regimens is warranted.

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Impact of TTF-1 Expression on the Prognostic Prediction of Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with PD-L1 Expression Levels of 1% to 49%, Treated with Chemotherapy vs. Chemoimmunotherapy: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study: Naoya Nishioka, Tae Hata, Tadaaki Yamada, Yasuhiro Goto, Akihiko Amano, Yoshiki Negi, Satoshi Watanabe, Naoki Furuya, Tomohiro Oba, Tatsuki Ikoma, Akira Nakao, Keiko Tanimura, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Akihiro Yoshimura, Tomoya Fukui, Daiki Murata, Kyoichi Kaira, Shinsuke Shiotsu, Makoto Hibino, Asuka Okada, Yusuke Chihara, Hayato Kawachi, Takashi Kijima, Koichi Takayama; Received August 7, 2024 Accepted October 24, 2024 Published online October 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.748 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) expression is a useful predictor of treatment efficacy in advanced non-squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to evaluate whether TTF-1 could predict the effectiveness of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy in patients with non-squamous NSCLC with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression between 1% and 49%.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of patients with NSCLC who were treated with chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy between March 2016 and May 2023. The patients had histologically confirmed NSCLC, stage III-IV or postoperative recurrence, TTF-1 measurements, and PD-L1 expression levels between 1% and 49%. Clinical data were analyzed to evaluate the effect of TTF-1 expression on treatment efficacy.
Results
This study included 283 of 624 patients. TTF-1–positive patients showed longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (PFS: 6.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.0 to 9.4] vs. 4.1 months [95% CI, 2.7 to 6.1], p=0.03; OS: 17.9 months [95% CI, 15.2 to 28.1] vs. 9.4 months [95% CI, 6.3 to 17.0], p < 0.01) in the chemotherapy cohorts (n=93). In the chemoimmunotherapy cohort (n=190), there was no significant difference in PFS and OS between TTF-1–positive and –negative groups (PFS: 7.6 months [95% CI, 6.4 to 11.0] vs. 6.0 months [95% CI, 3.6 to 12.6], p=0.59; OS: 25.0 months [95% CI, 18.0 to 49.2] vs. 21.3 months [95% CI, 9.8 to 28.8], p=0.09).
Conclusion
In patients with NSCLC with PD-L1 expression between 1% and 49%, TTF-1 expression was a predictor of chemotherapeutic, but not chemoimmunotherapeutic, efficacy.

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Review Article

Role of HIF-1α in the Responses of Tumors to Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy: Chang W Song, Hyunkyung Kim, Mi-Sook Kim, Heon J Park, Sun-Ha Paek, Stephanie Terezakis, L Chinsoo Cho; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):1-10. Published online June 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.255

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Tumor microenvironment is intrinsically hypoxic with abundant hypoxia-inducible factors-1α (HIF-1α), a primary regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia and various stresses imposed on the tumor cells. HIF-1α increases radioresistance and chemoresistance by reducing DNA damage, increasing repair of DNA damage, enhancing glycolysis that increases antioxidant capacity of tumors cells, and promoting angiogenesis. In addition, HIF-1α markedly enhances drug efflux, leading to multidrug resistance. Radiotherapy and certain chemotherapy drugs evoke profound anti-tumor immunity by inducing immunologic cell death that release tumor-associated antigens together with numerous pro-immunological factors, leading to priming of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and enhancing the cytotoxicity of macrophages and natural killer cells. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy of tumors significantly increase HIF-1α activity in tumor cells. Unfortunately, HIF-1α effectively promotes various immune suppressive pathways including secretion of immune suppressive cytokines, activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, activation of regulatory T cells, inhibition of T cells priming and activity, and upregulation of immune checkpoints. Consequently, the anti-tumor immunity elevated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy is counterbalanced or masked by the potent immune suppression promoted by HIF-1α. Effective inhibition of HIF-1α may significantly increase the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy by increasing radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of tumor cells and also by upregulating anti-tumor immunity.

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Down-regulation of PCK2 enhanced the radioresistance phenotype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Yijun He, Li Yan, Ruiqi Zhang, Rui Yang, Zhaolu Kong, Xiaosheng Wang
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Molecular Pharmaceutics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Lung and Thoracic cancer

Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in Patients with Stage IIIA/N2 Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Completely Resected after Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiation: A Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Trial: Junghoon Shin, Sehhoon Park, Kyung Hwan Kim, Eui-Cheol Shin, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong Ho Cho, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Yong Soo Choi, Jin Seok Ahn, Jhingook Kim, Keunchil Park, Young Mog Shim, Hong Kwan Kim, Jae Myoung Noh, Yong Chan Ahn, Hongryull Pyo, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1084-1095. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.084

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Optimal treatment for stage IIIA/N2 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of adjuvant pembrolizumab for stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC completely resected after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT).
Materials and Methods
In this open-label, single-center, single-arm phase 2 trial, patients with stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC received adjuvant pembrolizumab for up to 2 years after complete resection following neoadjuvant CCRT. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and safety. As an exploratory biomarker analysis, we evaluated the proliferative response of blood CD39⁺PD-1⁺CD8⁺ T cells using fold changes in the percentage of proliferating Ki-67⁺ cells from days 1 to 7 of cycle 1 (Ki-67_D7/D1).
Results
Between October 2017 and October 2018, 37 patients were enrolled. Twelve (32%) and three (8%) patients harbored EGFR and ALK alterations, respectively. Of 34 patients with programmed cell death ligand 1 assessment, 21 (62%), nine (26%), and four (12%) had a tumor proportion score of < 1%, 1%-50%, and ≥ 50%, respectively. The median follow-up was 71 months. The median DFS was 22.4 months in the overall population, with a 5-year DFS rate of 29%. The OS rate was 86% at 2 years and 76% at 5 years. Patients with tumor recurrence within 6 months had a significantly lower Ki-67D7/D1 among CD39⁺PD-1⁺CD8⁺ T cells than those without (p=0.036). No new safety signals were identified.
Conclusion
Adjuvant pembrolizumab may offer durable disease control in a subset of stage IIIA/N2 NSCLC patients after neoadjuvant CCRT and surgery.

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Varlitinib and Paclitaxel for EGFR/HER2 Co-expressing Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Phase Ib/II Study (K-MASTER-13): Dong-Hoe Koo, Minkyu Jung, Yeul Hong Kim, Hei-Cheul Jeung, Dae Young Zang, Woo Kyun Bae, Hyunki Kim, Hyo Song Kim, Choong-kun Lee, Woo Sun Kwon, Hyun Cheol Chung, Sun Young Rha; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1136-1145. Published online April 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1324

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Varlitinib is a pan-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) inhibitor targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and HER4. We present a phase Ib/II study of a combination of varlitinib and weekly paclitaxel as a second-line treatment for patients with EGFR/HER2 co-expressing advanced gastric cancer (AGC).
Materials and Methods
Patients whose tumors with EGFR and HER2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry (≥ 1+) were enrolled. Varlitinib and paclitaxel were investigated every 4 weeks. After determining the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) in phase Ib, a phase II study was conducted to evaluate the antitumor activity.
Results
RP2D was treated with a combination of varlitinib (300 mg twice daily) and paclitaxel. Among 27 patients treated with RP2D, the median progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 3.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 4.9) and 7.9 months (95% CI, 5.0 to 10.8), respectively, with a median follow-up of 15.7 months. Among 16 patients with measurable disease, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate were 31% and 88%, respectively. Patients with strong HER2 expression (n=8) had a higher ORR and longer OS, whereas those with strong EGFR expression (n=3) had poorer outcomes. The most common adverse events (AEs) of any grade were neutropenia (52%), diarrhea (27%), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase elevation (22%), and nausea (19%). No treatment-related deaths or unexpected AEs resulting from treatment cessation were observed in patients with RP2D.
Conclusion
A combination of varlitinib and paclitaxel displayed manageable toxicity and modest antitumor activity in patients with EGFR/HER2 co-expressing AGC who progressed after first-line chemotherapy.

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Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Positive Advanced Gastric or Esophagogastric Adenocarcinoma: Reflecting on the Past to Gain a New Insights
Yu Aoki, Izuma Nakayama, Kohei Shitara
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Sixiang Zheng, Ruixian Chen, Lele Zhang, Lun Tan, Lintao Li, Fangyi Long, Ting Wang
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 276: 116702. CrossRef

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Head and Neck cancer

Metronomic S-1 Adjuvant Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Yi-Feng Yu, Peng Wu, Rui Zhuo, San-Gang Wu; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1058-1067. Published online February 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1343

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Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of using metronomic S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC).
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively collected data on patients diagnosed with LANPC between January 2016 and December 2021. All patients were treated with induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without metronomic chemotherapy (MC). Toxicities during MC were recorded. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier methods, propensity score matching (PSM), and Cox proportional hazards model were used for statistical analyses.
Results
A total of 474 patients were identified, including 64 (13.5%) and 410 (83.5%) patients with or without receiving MC, respectively. Patients who received metronomic S-1 had significantly better 3-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (100% vs. 90.9%, p=0.038), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (98.5% vs. 84.1%, p=0.002), disease-free survival (DFS) (98.4% vs. 77.5%, p < 0.001), and overall survival (OS) (98.0% vs. 87.7%, p=0.008) compared to those without metronomic S-1. The multivariate prognostic analysis revealed that metronomic S-1 was identified as an independent prognostic factor associated with better DMFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.074; p=0.010), DFS (HR, 0.103; p=0.002) and OS (HR, 0.127; p=0.042), but not in LRFS (p=0.071). Similar results were found using PSM. Common adverse events observed in the metronomic S-1 group included leukopenia, neutropenia, increased total bilirubin, anorexia, rash/desquamation, and hyperpigmentation. All patients with adverse events were grade 1-2.
Conclusion
It is worth conducting a randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of metronomic S-1 on survival outcomes and toxicities of LANPC.

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Reply to Commentary on “Metronomic S-1 Adjuvant Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma”
San-Gang Wu
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(1): 291. CrossRef
Commentary on “Metronomic S-1 Adjuvant Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma”
Erkan Topkan, Efsun Somay, Nilufer Kılıc Durankus, Ugur Selek
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(1): 289. CrossRef
Short-term versus long-term metronomic adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A propensity score-matched real-world study
Shuhui Dong, Weixin Bei, Lanfeng Lin, Yaofei Jiang, Nian Lu, Guoying Liu, Yanqun Xiang, Weixiong Xia
Oral Oncology.2024; 156: 106908. CrossRef

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Genitourinary cancer

Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Real-World, Retrospective Study: Junho Lee, Sung Hee Lim, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Byong Chang Jeong, Se Hoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):871-876. Published online January 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1226

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Purpose
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), administered following radical nephroureterectomy.
Materials and Methods
Patients with UTUC, arising from renal pelvis or ureter, staged pT3/T4 or N+ were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery. The chemotherapy consisted of gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m² on days 1 and 8, cisplatin 70 mg/m² on day 1. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks for up to 4 cycles. Endpoints included disease-free survival (DFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and safety.
Results
Among 89 eligible patients, 85 (95.5%) completed at least 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was well tolerated, the main toxicities being mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal toxic effects and pruritus. With a median follow-up of 37 months, median DFS was 30 months (95% confidence interval, 22 to 39), and the median MFS was not reached. The 3-year DFS and MFS were 44% and 56%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that the main factor associated with DFS and MFS was the lymph node involvement, whereas age, T category, grade, or the primary site of UTUC were not significantly associated with DFS or MFS.
Conclusion
Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy after radical surgery of pT3/T4 or N+ UTUC was feasible and may demonstrate benefits in DFS and MFS. Whether novel agents added to the chemotherapy regimen, as a concurrent combination or maintenance, impacts on survival or reduces the development of metastases remains to be studied.

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Cisplatin/gemcitabine

Reactions Weekly.2024; 2027(1): 127. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Combined High-Dose Radiotherapy with Sequential Gemcitabine-Cisplatin Based Chemotherapy Increase the Resectability and Survival in Locally Advanced Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Multi-institutional Cohort Study: Jung Ho Im, Jeong Il Yu, Tae Hyun Kim, Tae Gyu Kim, Jun Won Kim, Jinsil Seong; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):838-846. Published online January 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.886

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
The locally advanced unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has detrimental oncological outcomes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced unresectable ICC.
Materials and Methods
Between 2001 and 2021, 116 patients were identified through medical record who underwent radiotherapy for locally advanced unresectable ICC. The resectability of ICC is determined by the multidisciplinary team at each institution. Overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
The median equivalent radiotherapy dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) was 52 Gy (range, 30 to 110 Gy). Forty-seven patients (40.5%) received sequential gemcitabine-cisplatin based chemotherapy (GEM-CIS CTx). Multivariate analysis identified two risk factors, EQD2 of ≥ 60 Gy and application of sequential GEM-CIS CTx for OS. Patients were grouped by these two risk factors: group 1, EQD2 ≥ 60 Gy with sequential GEM-CIS CTx (n=25); group 2, EQD2 < 60 Gy with sequential GEM-CIS CTx or fluoropyrimidine-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (n=70); and group 3, radiotherapy alone (n=21). Curative resection was more frequently undergone in group 1 than in groups 2 or 3 (28% vs. 8.6% vs. 0%, respectively). Consequently, OS was significantly better in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Combined high-dose radiotherapy with sequential GEM-CIS CTx improved oncologic outcomes in patients with locally advanced unresectable ICC. Further prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

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Pediatric cancer

Long-term Outcomes of Protocol-Based Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Medulloblastoma: Won Kee Ahn, Seung Min Hahn, Hong In Yoon, Jeongshim Lee, Eun Kyung Park, Kyu Won Shim, Dong Seok Kim, Chang-Ok Suh, Se Hoon Kim, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Jung Woo Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):652-664. Published online November 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.865

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The Korean Society of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (KSPNO) conducted treatment strategies for children with medulloblastoma (MB) by using alkylating agents for maintenance chemotherapy or tandem high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) according to the risk stratification. The purpose of the study was to assess treatment outcomes and complications based on risk-adapted treatment and HDC.
Materials and Methods
Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with MB were enrolled in this study. Patients in the standard-risk (SR) group received radiotherapy (RT) after surgery and chemotherapy using the KSPNO M051 regimen. Patients in the high-risk (HR) group received two and four chemotherapy cycles according to the KSPNO S081 protocol before and after reduced RT for age following surgery and two cycles of tandem HDC with ASCR consolidation treatment.
Results
In the SR group, 24 patients showed 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) estimates of 86.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.6 to 100) and 95.8% (95% CI, 88.2 to 100), respectively. In the HR group, more infectious complications and mortality occurred during the second HDC than during the first. In the HR group, the 5-year EFS and OS estimates were 65.5% (95% CI, 51.4 to 83.4) and 72.3% (95% CI, 58.4 to 89.6), respectively.
Conclusion
High intensity of alkylating agents for SR resulted in similar outcomes but with a high incidence of hematologic toxicity. Tandem HDC with ASCR for HR induced favorable EFS and OS estimates compared to those reported previously. However, infectious complications and treatment-related mortalities suggest that a reduced chemotherapy dose is necessary, especially for the second HDC.

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Ferroptosis Transcriptional Regulation and Prognostic Impact in Medulloblastoma Subtypes Revealed by RNA-Seq
Christophe Desterke, Yuanji Fu, Jenny Bonifacio-Mundaca, Claudia Monge, Pascal Pineau, Jorge Mata-Garrido, Raquel Francés
Antioxidants.2025; 14(1): 96. CrossRef

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Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy Increases the Risk of Secondary Malignant Neoplasm in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Hana Lim, Minji Im, Eun Seop Seo, Hee Won Cho, Hee Young Ju, Keon Hee Yoo, Sung Yoon Cho, Jong-Won Kim, Do Hoon Lim, Ki Woong Sung, Ji Won Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):642-651. Published online November 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.999

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for secondary malignant neoplasms (SMN) in pediatric solid tumors, focusing on the effects of tandem high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT).
Materials and Methods
Patients (aged < 19 years) diagnosed with or treated for pediatric solid tumors between 1994 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The cumulative incidence of SMN was estimated using competing risk methods by considering death as a competing risk.
Results
A total of 1,435 patients (413 with brain tumors and 1,022 with extracranial solid tumors) were enrolled. Seventy-one patients developed 74 SMNs, with a 10-year and 20-year cumulative incidence of 2.680±0.002% and 10.193±0.024%, respectively. The types of SMN included carcinoma in 28 (37.8%), sarcoma in 24 (32.4%), and hematologic malignancy in 15 (20.3%) cases. Osteosarcoma and thyroid carcinoma were the most frequently diagnosed tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that radiotherapy (RT) > 2, 340 cGy, and tandem HDCT were significant risk factors for SMN development. The SMN types varied according to the primary tumor type; carcinoma was the most frequent SMN in brain tumors and neuroblastoma, whereas hematologic malignancy and sarcomas developed more frequently in patients with sarcoma and retinoblastoma, respectively.
Conclusion
The cumulative incidence of SMN in pediatric patients with solid tumors was considerably high, especially in patients who underwent tandem HDCT or in those who received RT > 2,340 cGy. Therefore, the treatment intensity should be optimized based on individual risk assessment and the long-term follow-up of pediatric cancer survivors.

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Rising Prevalence of Low-Frequency PPM1D Gene Mutations after Second HDCT in Multiple Myeloma
Katja Seipel, Nuria Z. Veglio, Henning Nilius, Barbara Jeker, Ulrike Bacher, Thomas Pabst
Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(8): 8197. CrossRef

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General

Impact of Patient Sex on Adverse Events and Unscheduled Utilization of Medical Services in Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study: Songji Choi, Seyoung Seo, Ju Hyun Lee, Koung Jin Suh, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jwa Hoon Kim, Tae Won Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Sun Young Kim, Jeong Eun Kim, Sang-We Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Jae Cheol Lee, Chang-Min Choi, Shinkyo Yoon, Su-Jin Koh, Young Joo Min, Yongchel Ahn, Hwa Jung Kim, Jin Ho Baek, Sook Ryun Park, Jee Hyun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):404-413. Published online November 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.784

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The female sex is reported to have a higher risk of adverse events (AEs) from cytotoxic chemotherapy. Few studies examined the sex differences in AEs and their impact on the use of medical services during adjuvant chemotherapy. This sub-study aimed to compare the incidence of any grade and grade ≥ 3 AEs, healthcare utilization, chemotherapy completion rate, and dose intensity according to sex.
Materials and Methods
This is a sub-study of a multicenter cohort conducted in Korea that evaluated the impact of healthcare reimbursement on AE evaluation in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy between September 2013 and December 2016 at four hospitals in Korea.
Results
A total of 1,170 patients with colorectal, gastric, or non–small cell lung cancer were included in the study. Female patients were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and experienced less postoperative weight loss of > 10%. Females had significantly higher rates of any grade AEs including nausea, abdominal pain, stomatitis, vomiting, and neutropenia, and experienced more grade ≥ 3 neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting. The dose intensity of chemotherapy was significantly lower in females, and they also experienced more frequent dose reduction after the first cycle. Moreover, female patients receiving platinum-containing regimens had significantly higher rates of unscheduled outpatient visits.
Conclusion
Our study found that females experienced a higher incidence of multiple any-grade AEs and severe neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting, across various cancer types, leading to more frequent dose reductions. Physicians should be aware of sex differences in AEs for chemotherapy decisions.

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Cancer care for transgender and gender‐diverse people: Practical, literature‐driven recommendations from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer
Elizabeth J. Cathcart‐Rake, Alexandre Chan, Alvaro Menendez, Denise Markstrom, Carla Schnitzlein, Yee Won Chong, Don S. Dizon
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.2025; 75(1): 68. CrossRef
Characterisation of the effects of the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel on neuropathic pain-related behaviour, anxiodepressive behaviour, cognition, and the endocannabinoid system in male and female rats
Chiara Di Marino, Álvaro Llorente-Berzal, Alba M. Diego, Ariadni Bella, Laura Boullon, Esther Berrocoso, Michelle Roche, David P. Finn
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
[Translated article] Toxicity of the FOLFOX-6 regimen, with or without 5-fluorouracil bolus, in metastatic colorectal cancer
María Teresa Garrido Martínez, María Rodríguez Jorge, Ignacio García Giménez, María Isabel Guzmán Ramos, Salvador Grutzmancher Sáiz, Victoria Aviñó Tarazona
Farmacia Hospitalaria.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Influence of Tumor Burden Score and Lymph Node Metastasis on the Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Jun Kawashima, Yutaka Endo, Selamawit Woldesenbet, Mujtaba Khalil, Miho Akabane, François Cauchy, Feng Shen, Shishir Maithel, Irinel Popescu, Minoru Kitago, Matthew J. Weiss, Guillaume Martel, Carlo Pulitano, Luca Aldrighetti, George Poultsides, Andrea Ru
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Toxicidad del esquema FOLFOX-6, asociado o no a bolo de 5-fluorouracilo, en cáncer colorrectal metastásico
María Teresa Garrido Martínez, María Rodríguez Jorge, Ignacio García Giménez, María Isabel Guzmán Ramos, Salvador Grutzmancher Sáiz, Victoria Aviñó Tarazona
Farmacia Hospitalaria.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

ARID1A Mutation from Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Predicts Primary Resistance to Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Sung Hwan Lee, Jaekyung Cheon, Seoyoung Lee, Beodeul Kang, Chan Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Young Nyun Park, Sanghoon Jung, Sung Hoon Choi, Hye Jin Choi, Choong-kun Lee, Hong Jae Chon; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1291-1302. Published online May 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1450

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
There are clinical unmet needs in predicting therapeutic response and precise strategy for the patient with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). We aimed to identify genomic alterations predicting therapeutic response and resistance to gemcitabine and cisplatin (Gem/Cis)-based chemotherapy in advanced BTC.
Materials and Methods
Genomic analysis of advanced BTC multi-institutional cohorts was performed using targeted panel sequencing. Genomic alterations were analyzed integrating patients’ clinicopathologic data, including clinical outcomes of Gem/Cis-based therapy. Significance of genetic alterations was validated using clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) cohorts from public repositories and drug sensitivity data from cancer cell lines.
Results
193 BTC patients from three cancer centers were analyzed. Most frequent genomic alterations were TP53 (55.5%), KRAS (22.8%), ARID1A (10.4%) alterations, and ERBB2 amplification (9.8%). Among 177 patients with BTC receiving Gem/Cis-based chemotherapy, ARID1A alteration was the only independent predictive molecular marker of primary resistance showing disease progression for 1st-line chemotherapy in the multivariate regression model (odds ratio, 3.12; p=0.046). In addition, ARID1A alteration was significantly correlated with inferior progression-free survival on Gem/Cis-based chemotherapy in the overall patient population (p=0.033) and in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) (p=0.041). External validation using public repository NGS revealed that ARID1A mutation was a significant predictor for poor survival in BTC patients. Investigation of multi-OMICs drug sensitivity data from cancer cell lines revealed that cisplatin-resistance was exclusively observed in ARID1A mutant bile duct cancer cells.
Conclusion
Integrative analysis with genomic alterations and clinical outcomes of the first-line Gem/Cis-based chemotherapy in advanced BTC revealed that patients with ARID1Aalterations showed a significant worse clinical outcome, especially in extrahepatic CCA. Well-designed prospective studies are mandatory to validate the predictive role of ARID1Amutation.

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Concordance of ctDNA and tissue genomic profiling in advanced biliary tract cancer
Sohyun Hwang, Seonjeong Woo, Beodeul Kang, Haeyoun Kang, Jung Sun Kim, Sung Hwan Lee, Chang Il Kwon, Dong Soo Kyung, Hwang-Phill Kim, Gwangil Kim, Chan Kim, Hong Jae Chon
Journal of Hepatology.2025; 82(4): 649. CrossRef
Establishment and genomic profiling of cholangiocarcinoma cells with functional characterization
Rattanaporn Jaidee, Apinya Jusakul, Piman Pocasap, Veerapol Kukongviriyapan, Laddawan Senggunprai, Auemduan Prawan, Watcharin Loilome, Attapol Titapun, Apiwat Jareanrat, Vasin Thanasukarn, Natcha Khuntikeo, Nisana Namwat, Yaovalux Chamgramol, Malinee Than
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
ARID1A in Gynecologic Precancers and Cancers
Jaida E. Morgan, Nishah Jaferi, Zainab Shonibare, Gloria S. Huang
Reproductive Sciences.2024; 31(8): 2150. CrossRef
Genomic analysis of bladder urothelial carcinoma with osteoclast‑like giant cells: A case report
Koji Kameyama, Kosuke Mizutani, Tetsuya Yamada, Seiji Sugiyama, Shingo Kamei, Shigeaki Yokoi, Kengo Matsunaga, Koseki Hirade, Yasutaka Kato, Hiroshi Nishihara, Satoshi Ishihara, Takashi Deguchi
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A mutational signature and ARID1A mutation associated with outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma
Wei Zhou, Hao Chi, Xiaohu Zhao, Guangrong Tao, Jianhe Gan
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2024; 27(3): 1166. CrossRef
Advances in the study of the role of high-frequency mutant subunits of the SWI/SNF complex in tumors
Jiumei Zhao, Jing Zhu, Yu Tang, Kepu Zheng, Ziwei Li
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of ARID1A in malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system: a modern view on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities
A. I. Marzaganova, I. R. Martirosyan, A. S. Korchemkina, E. G. Avanesyan, D. A. Korkmazova, O. B. Grakhnova, V. V. Akimina, A. P. Dzhamalutdinova, D. A. Bolloev, A. M. Dugulbgova, Z. G. Bakhmudova, A. T. Salikhova, P. A. Dzigora
Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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The Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Seong Yong Park, Hong Kwan Kim, Yeong Jeong Jeon, Junghee Lee, Jong Ho Cho, Yong Soo Choi, Young Mog Shim, Jae Il Zo; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1231-1239. Published online April 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1417

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CCRTx) followed by surgery in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data from 382 patients who received neoadjuvant CCRTx and esophagectomy for ESCC between 2003 and 2018.
Results
This study included 357 (93.4%) men, and the years median patient age was 63 (range, 40 to 84 years). Overall, 69 patients (18.1%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas 313 patients (81.9%) did not. The median follow-up period was 28.07 months (interquartile range, 15.50 to 62.59). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were 47.1% and 42.6%, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve OS in all patients, but subgroup analysis revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy improved the 5-year OS in patients with ypT+N+ (24.8% vs. 29.9%, p=0.048), whereas the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was not observed in patients with ypT0N0, ypT+N0, or ypT0N+. Multivariable analysis revealed that ypStage and adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.601; p=0.046) were associated with OS in patients with ypT+N+. Freedom from distant metastasis was marginally different according to the adjuvant chemotherapy (48.3% vs. 41.3%, p=0.141).
Conclusion
Adjuvant chemotherapy after neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery reduces the distant metastasis in ypT+N+ ESCC patients, thereby improving the OS. The consideration could be given to administration of adjuvant chemotherapy to ypT+N+ ESCC patients with tolerable conditions.

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Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy Benefits Non‐pCR Patients Rather Than pCR Patients for Locally Advanced ESCC: A Multicenter Real‐World Study
Defeng Liu, Ao Liu, Longxiang Guo, Yi Li, Yuanlin Li, Yuxiang Chi, Haiqun Lin, Jinming Yu, Minghuan Li
Thoracic Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Adjuvant therapy provides no additional recurrence-free benefit for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and surgery: a multi-center propensity score match study
Shu-Han Xie, Li-Tao Yang, Hai Zhang, Zi-Lu Tang, Zhi-Wei Lin, Yi Chen, Zhi-Nuan Hong, Rong-Yu Xu, Wan-Li Lin, Ming-Qiang Kang
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical implications of C-reactive protein–albumin–lymphocyte (CALLY) index in patients with esophageal cancer
Ruiya Ma, Yoshinaga Okugawa, Tadanobu Shimura, Shinji Yamashita, Yuhki Sato, Chengzeng Yin, Ryo Uratani, Takahito Kitajima, Hiroki Imaoka, Mikio Kawamura, Yuhki Morimoto, Yoshiki Okita, Shigeyuki Yoshiyama, Masaki Ohi, Yuji Toiyama
Surgical Oncology.2024; 53: 102044. CrossRef
Adjuvant immunotherapy after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a real-world study
Jifeng Feng, Liang Wang, Xun Yang, Qixun Chen
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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General

A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study to Evaluate Ethanol-Induced Symptoms in Patients Receiving Docetaxel Chemotherapy: Young-Woong Won, Jin-Hyoung Kang, Jung Hye Kwon, Dong-Hoe Koo, Jung Hun Kang, Chi Hoon Maeng, Hee Kyung Ahn, Sung Yong Oh, Dae-Won Lee, Joohyuk Sohn, So Yeon Oh, Kyung Hee Lee, Su-Jin Koh, Keun Seok Lee, Chan-Kyu Kim, Ji-Yeon Kim, Jun Ho Ji, Sung-Bae Kim, Joo Young Ha, Ho Young Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1096-1103. Published online April 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1565

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Several previous studies and case reports have reported ethanol-induced symptoms in patients receiving anticancer drugs containing ethanol. Most docetaxel formulations contain ethanol as a solvent. However, there are insufficient data on ethanol-induced symptoms when docetaxel-containing ethanol is administered. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and pattern of ethanol-induced symptoms during and after docetaxel administration. The secondary purpose was to explore the risk factors for ethanol-induced symptoms.
Materials and Methods
This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study. The participants filled out ethanol-induced symptom questionnaire on the day of chemotherapy and the following day.
Results
Data from 451 patients were analyzed. The overall occurrence rate of ethanol-induced symptoms was 44.3% (200/451 patients). The occurrence rate of facial flushing was highest at 19.7% (89/451 patients), followed by nausea in 18.2% (82/451 patients), and dizziness in 17.5% (79/451 patients). Although infrequent, unsteady walking and impaired balance occurred in 4.2% and 3.3% of patients, respectively. Female sex, presence of underlying disease, younger age, docetaxel dose, and docetaxel-containing ethanol amount were significantly associated with the occurrence of ethanol-induced symptoms.
Conclusion
The occurrence of ethanol-induced symptoms was not low in patients receiving docetaxel-containing ethanol. Physicians need to pay more attention to the occurrence of ethanol-induced symptoms and prescribe ethanol-free or low-ethanol-containing formulations to high-risk patients.

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Evaluation of self-assembling properties of paclitaxel-biotin conjugates
Dmitry V. Beigulenko, Anna Yu. Belyaeva, Ekaterina S. Kazakova, Maria M. Antonova, Aleksander S. Peregudov, Aleksey A. Nikitin, Tatyana S. Kovshova, Yulia V. Ermolenko, Konstantin A. Kochetkov
Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects.2024; 40: 101375. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Who Underwent Surgery Following Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX: So Heun Lee, Dae Wook Hwang, Changhoon Yoo, Kyu-pyo Kim, Sora Kang, Jae Ho Jeong, Dongwook Oh, Tae Jun Song, Sang Soo Lee, Do Hyun Park, Dong Wan Seo, Jin-hong Park, Ki Byung Song, Jae Hoon Lee, Woohyung Lee, Yejong Park, Bong Jun Kwak, Heung-Moon Chang, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Song Cheol Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):956-968. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.409

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy following curative-intent surgery in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients who had received neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX is unclear. This study aimed to assess the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in this patient population.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included 218 patients with localized non-metastatic PDAC who received neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX and underwent curative-intent surgery (R0 or R1) between January 2017 and December 2020. The association of adjuvant chemotherapy with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated in overall patients and in the propensity score matched (PSM) cohort. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the pathology-proven lymph node status.
Results
Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 149 patients (68.3%). In the overall cohort, the adjuvant chemotherapy group had significantly improved DFS and OS compared to the observation group (DFS: median, 13.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.0 to 19.1] vs. 8.2 months [95% CI, 6.5 to 12.0]; p < 0.001; and OS: median, 38.0 months [95% CI, 32.2 to not assessable] vs. 25.7 months [95% CI, 18.3 to not assessable]; p=0.005). In the PSM cohort of 57 matched pairs of patients, DFS and OS were better in the adjuvant chemotherapy group than in the observation group (p < 0.001 and p=0.038, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was a significant favorable prognostic factor (vs. observation; DFS: hazard ratio [HR], 0.51 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.71; p < 0.001]; OS: HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.71; p < 0.001]).
Conclusion
Among PDAC patients who underwent surgery following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX, adjuvant chemotherapy may be associated with improved survival. Randomized studies should be conducted to validate this finding.

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The survival effect of neoadjuvant therapy and neoadjuvant plus adjuvant therapy on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with different TNM stages: a propensity score matching analysis based on the SEER database
Hao Hu, Yang Xu, Qiang Zhang, Yuan Gao, Zhenyu Wu
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2024; 24(6): 467. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Whom, when and how
Nebojsa Manojlovic, Goran Savic, Stevan Manojlovic
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2024; 16(5): 1223. CrossRef
Case Study on Analysing the Early Disease Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Korean Association for Clinical Oncology
Sijithra Ponnarassery Chandran, N. Santhi
American Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024; 47(10): 475. CrossRef
Evaluating the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing radical pancreatectomy after neoadjuvant therapy—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiahao Wu, Yike Zhang, Haodong Wang, Wenyi Guo, Chengqing Li, Yichen Yu, Han Liu, Feng Li, Lei Wang, Jianwei Xu
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic factors in localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy and resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ammar A Javed, Alyssar Habib, Omar Mahmud, Asad Saulat Fatimi, Mahip Grewal, Nabiha Mughal, Jin He, Christopher L Wolfgang, Lois Daamen, Marc G Besselink
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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General

Immunogenicity and Safety of Vaccines against Coronavirus Disease in Actively Treated Patients with Solid Tumors: A Prospective Cohort Study: Yae Jee Baek, Youn-Jung Lee, So Ra Park, Kyoo Hyun Kim, Seung-Hoon Beom, Choong-kun Lee, Sang Joon Shin, Sun Young Rha, Sinyoung Kim, Kyoung Hwa Lee, Jung Ho Kim, Su Jin Jeong, Nam Su Ku, Jun Yong Choi, Joon-Sup Yeom, Minkyu Jung, Jin Young Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):746-757. Published online February 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1541

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We aimed to assess the humoral response to and reactogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination according to the vaccine type and to analyze factors associated with immunogenicity in actively treated solid cancer patients (CPs).
Materials and Methods
Prospective cohorts of CPs, undergoing anticancer treatment, and healthcare workers (HCWs) were established. The participants had no history of previous COVID-19 and received either mRNA-based or adenovirus vector–based (AdV) vaccines as the primary series. Blood samples were collected before the first vaccination and after 2 weeks for each dose vaccination. Spike-specific binding antibodies (bAbs) in all participants and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wild-type, Delta, and Omicron variants in CPs were analyzed and presented as the geometric mean titer.
Results
Age-matched 20 HCWs and 118 CPs were included in the analysis. The bAb seroconversion rate and antibody concentrations after the first vaccination were significantly lower in CPs than in HCWs. After the third vaccination, antibody levels in CPs with a primary series of AdV were comparable to those in HCWs, but nAb titers against the Omicron variant did not quantitatively increase in CPs with AdV vaccine as the primary series. The incidence and severity of adverse reactions post-vaccination were similar between CPs and HCWs.
Conclusion
CPs displayed delayed humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The booster dose elicited comparable bAb concentrations between CPs and HCWs, regardless of the primary vaccine type. Neutralization against the Omicron variant was not robustly elicited following the booster dose in some CPs, implying the need for additional interventions to protect them from COVID-19.

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Shielding the immunocompromised: COVID-19 prevention strategies for patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies
Giulio Olivieri, Donato Amodio, Emma Concetta Manno, Veronica Santilli, Nicola Cotugno, Paolo Palma
Vaccine.2025; 51: 126853. CrossRef
Safety, immunogenicity and protective effect of sequential vaccination with inactivated and recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly: a prospective longitudinal study
Hong-Hong Liu, Yunbo Xie, Bao-Peng Yang, Huan-Yue Wen, Peng-Hui Yang, Jin-E Lu, Yan Liu, Xi Chen, Meng-Meng Qu, Yang Zhang, Wei-Guo Hong, Yong-Gang Li, Junliang Fu, Fu-Sheng Wang
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Immune response of COVID-19 vaccines in solid cancer patients: A meta-analysis
Tiantian Hua, Ru Fan, Yang Fan, Feng Chen
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Three-Dose mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Regime Produces Both Suitable Immunogenicity and Satisfactory Efficacy in Patients with Solid Cancers
Urska Janzic, Urska Bidovec-Stojkovic, Peter Korosec, Katja Mohorcic, Loredana Mrak, Marina Caks, Maja Ravnik, Erik Skof, Matija Rijavec
Vaccines.2023; 11(6): 1017. CrossRef
Neutralizing Antibody Response following a Third Dose of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine among Cancer Patients
Christopher W. Dukes, Marine Potez, Jeffrey Lancet, Barbara J. Kuter, Junmin Whiting, Qianxing Mo, Brett Leav, Haixing Wang, Julie S. Vanas, Christopher L. Cubitt, Kimberly Isaacs-Soriano, Kayoko Kennedy, Julie Rathwell, Julian Diaz Cobo, Wesley O’Nan, Br
Vaccines.2023; 12(1): 13. CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

The Role of Adjuvant Therapy Following Surgical Resection of Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multi-Center Study: Seong Yong Park, Samina Park, Geun Dong Lee, Hong Kwan Kim, Sehoon Choi, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Yong-Hee Kim, Dong Kwan Kim, Seung-Il Park, Tae Hee Hong, Yong Soo Choi, Jhingook Kim, Jong Ho Cho, Young Mog Shim, Jae Ill Zo, Kwon Joong Na, In Kyu Park, Chang Hyun Kang, Young-Tae Kim, Byung Jo Park, Chang Young Lee, Jin Gu Lee, Dae Joon Kim, Hyo Chae Paik; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):94-102. Published online June 9, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.290

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This multi-center, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the long-term survival in patients who underwent surgical resection for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and to identify the benefit of adjuvant therapy following surgery.
Materials and Methods
The data of 213 patients who underwent surgical resection for SCLC at four institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy or an incomplete resection were excluded.
Results
The mean patient age was 65.29±8.93 years, and 184 patients (86.4%) were male. Lobectomies and pneumonectomies were performed in 173 patients (81.2%), and 198 (93%) underwent systematic mediastinal lymph node dissections. Overall, 170 patients (79.8%) underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, 42 (19.7%) underwent radiotherapy to the mediastinum, and 23 (10.8%) underwent prophylactic cranial irradiation. The median follow-up period was 31.08 months (interquartile range, 13.79 to 64.52 months). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were 53.4% and 46.9%, respectively. The 5-year OS significantly improved after adjuvant chemotherapy in all patients (57.4% vs. 40.3%, p=0.007), and the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was significant in patients with negative node pathology (70.8% vs. 39.7%, p=0.004). Adjuvant radiotherapy did not affect the 5-year OS (54.6% vs. 48.5%, p=0.458). Age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.032; p=0.017), node metastasis (HR, 2.190; p < 0.001), and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.558; p=0.019) were associated with OS.
Conclusion
Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection in patients with SCLC improved the OS, though adjuvant radiotherapy to the mediastinum did not improve the survival or decrease the locoregional recurrence rate.

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Application of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in limited-stage small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Chuanhao Zhang, Genghao Zhao, Huajian Wu, Jianing Jiang, Wenyue Duan, Zhijun Fan, Zhe Wang, Ruoyu Wang
Radiotherapy and Oncology.2024; 193: 110123. CrossRef
A 15-Gene-Based Risk Signature for Predicting Overall Survival in SCLC Patients Who Have Undergone Surgical Resection
Sevcan Atay
Cancers.2023; 15(21): 5219. CrossRef

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Pediatric cancer

The Efficacy of Alternate Systemic Intravenous Chemotherapy and Intra-arterial Chemotherapy Approach for Eye Globe Salvage in Retinoblastoma: Jung Woo Han, Christopher Seungkyu Lee, Seung Min Hahn, Won Kee Ahn, Hyo Sun Kim, Hyeseon Yun, Sung Chul Lee, Byung Moon Kim, Dong Joon Kim, Chuhl Joo Lyu; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):270-278. Published online May 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1537

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The advances in the treatment of retinoblastoma have enabled salvaging the globe in advanced stages with intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC). We developed a strategy of alternate application of systemic intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) and IAC (referred to as alternate systemic IVC and IAC; ASIAC) to reduce central nervous metastases during IAC and examined its efficacy and safety in eye globe salvage in this study.
Materials and Methods
Between January 2010 and February 2021, 43 eyes of 40 patients received ASIAC treatment for retinoblastoma at the Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the eye salvage rate (ESR), defined from diagnosis to enucleation. High-risk retinoblastoma was defined as group D or E by the International Classification of Retinoblastoma.
Results
The study enrolled 38 and five cases of high-risk and low-risk retinoblastoma, respectively. In total, 178 IAC and 410 IVC courses were administered, with a median of 4 (interquartile range [IQR], 3.0 to 5.0) IAC and 9 (IQR, 6.0 to 11) IVC courses per eye, respectively. The 5-year ESR was 60.4%±8.7% for the whole cohort, 100% for low-risk retinoblastoma, and 53.6%±9.8% for high-risk retinoblastoma. Among those diagnosed since 2015, the 5-year ESR for high-risk retinoblastoma was 63.5%±14.0%. Fifteen eyes underwent enucleation; no viable tumor was found in three enucleated eyes. There were no deaths in this cohort.
Conclusion
Primary IAC-IVC (i.e., ASIAC) for patients with retinoblastoma was tolerable and effective in salvaging the eye and maintaining survival.

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Selective ophthalmic arterial injection using a balloon catheter for retinoblastoma: a seven-year clinical evaluation
Sota Oguro, Yi Ning Chen, Takashi Yamane, Makoto Mohri, Shigenobu Suzuki
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology.2024; 68(4): 346. CrossRef
Hematological Second Primary Malignancy in Pediatric Retinoblastoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Seung Hyun Park, Hyun Young Park, Heejin Kim, Jung Woo Han, Jin Sook Yoon
Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.2024; 40(5): 487. CrossRef

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Case Report

Osimertinib Combined with Systemic Chemotherapy for EGFR Mutant, T790M-Negative, Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Who Develop Leptomeningeal Metastases with Extracranial Progression to Prior EGFR TKI: Hye Ryeon Kim, Hyunji Jo, Hongsik Kim, Joohyun Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin-Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):344-349. Published online March 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1603

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a rare but fatal clinical condition with a short survival time. The incidence of LM from epidermal growth factor receptor mutant (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased due to the limited efficacy of first- or second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible, CNS penetrant, oral EGFR TKI that demonstrates promising efficacy in CNS metastases regardless of T790M. Herein, we report four cases of T790M-negative EGFRm NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib combined with systemic chemotherapy, who progressed on prior EGFR TKI and developed LM with extracranial lesions. The combination treatment was well tolerated, and the mean overall survival from LM diagnosis was 14.7 months (95% confidence interval, 10.4 to 19.0). These results suggest that osimertinib combined with systemic chemotherapy would be a reasonable treatment option for T790M-negative EGFRm NSCLC patients who develop LM with extracranial progression to prior EGFR TKI. A further prospective study is warranted.

Citations

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The research progress on meningeal metastasis in solid tumors
Yi Yue, Yuqing Ren, Chunya Lu, Nan Jiang, Sihui Wang, Junkai Fu, Mengrui Kong, Guojun Zhang
Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
An overview of the therapeutic strategies for neoplastic meningitis due to breast cancer: when and why?
Mainak Bardhan, Debankur Dey, Vinay Suresh, Binish Javed, Vyshak Alva Venur, Neha Joe, Ritvika Kalidindi, Ahmad Ozair, Marium Khan, Reshma Mahtani, Simon Lo, Yazmin Odia, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics.2024; 24(1): 77. CrossRef
Osimertinib is associated with improved outcomes in pre-treated non-small cell lung cancer leptomeningeal metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
David J.H. Bian, Anna-Maria Lazaratos, Sarah M. Maritan, Andrea Quaiattini, Zhimin Zeng, Zhengfei Zhu, Ugur Sener, Rachna Malani, Yu Jung Kim, Eiki Ichihara, Victor Cohen, April A.N. Rose, Nathaniel Bouganim, Matthew Dankner
Heliyon.2024; 10(9): e29668. CrossRef
Antineoplastics

Reactions Weekly.2023; 1943(1): 90. CrossRef

4,859 View
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Original Articles

Breast cancer

Clinical Evidence of Chemotherapy or Endocrine Therapy Maintenance in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials and Propensity Score Matching of Multicenter Cohort Study: Wei Ren, Yunfang Yu, Huangming Hong, Ying Wang, Quanlong Gao, Yongjian Chen, Peixian Chen, Jianli Zhao, Qiyun Ou, Dagui Lin, Tuping Fu, Yujie Tan, Chenchen Li, Xinxin Xie, Guolin Ye, Jun Tang, Herui Yao; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1038-1052. Published online February 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.698

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy or endocrine therapy maintenance in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients.
Materials and Methods
The meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and propensity score matching of multicenter cohort study evaluated MBC patients who underwent first-line chemotherapy or endocrine therapy maintenance. This study is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42017071858 and ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04258163.
Results
A total of 2,867 patients from 15 RCTs and 760 patients from multicenter cohort were included. The results from meta-analysis showed that chemotherapy maintenance improved progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.73; p < 0.001; moderate-quality evidence) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.97; p=0.016; high-quality evidence) than observation. In the cohort study, for hormone receptor–positive MBC patients, chemotherapy maintenance improved PFS (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.85; p < 0.001) and OS (HR, 0.55; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.73; p < 0.001) compared with observation, and endocrine therapy maintenance also improved PFS (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.80; p < 0.001) and OS (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.69; p < 0.001). There were no differences between chemotherapy and endocrine therapy maintenance in PFS and OS (all p > 0.05). Regardless of the continuum or switch maintenance therapy, showed prolonged survival in MBC patients who were response to first-line treatment.
Conclusion
This study provided evidences for survival benefits of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy maintenance in MBC patients, and there was no difference efficacy between chemotherapy and endocrine therapy maintenance for hormone receptor–positive patients.

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6th and 7th International consensus guidelines for the management of advanced breast cancer (ABC guidelines 6 and 7)
Fatima Cardoso, Shani Paluch-Shimon, Eva Schumacher-Wulf, Leonor Matos, Karen Gelmon, Matti S. Aapro, Jyoti Bajpai, Carlos H. Barrios, Jonas Bergh, Elizabeth Bergsten-Nordström, Laura Biganzoli, Maria João Cardoso, Lisa A. Carey, Mariana Chavez-MacGregor,
The Breast.2024; 76: 103756. CrossRef
Maintenance endocrine therapy plus bevacizumab for advanced or metastatic breast cancer
Stanislas Quesada, William Jacot
The Lancet Oncology.2022; 23(5): 557. CrossRef

5,927 View
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Hematologic malignancy

Predictive Parameters of Febrile Neutropenia and Clinical Significance of G-CSF Receptor Signaling Pathway in the Development of Neutropenia during R-CHOP Chemotherapy with Prophylactic Pegfilgrastim in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Do Young Kim, Jehyun Nam, Joo-Seop Chung, Byeol Eun Jeon, Ji Hyun Lee, Jae-Cheol Jo, Sang-Woo Kim, Ho-Jin Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1256-1267. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.944

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Pegfilgrastim is widely used to prevent chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) and febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We investigated the predictive factors affecting CIN and FN incidence in patients with DLBCL receiving rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy with pegfilgrastim and conducted experiments to find reason for the occurrence of CIN even when pegfilgrastim was used.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed the CIN and FN events of 200 patients with DLBCL. Based on these data, we investigate the association with predictive factor and the levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor signaling pathway markers (pSTAT3, pAKT, pERK1/2, pBAD, and CXCR4) in bone marrow (BM) samples isolated from patients with DLBCL.
Results
FN was significantly associated with stage III/IV (hazard ratio [HR], 12.74) and low serum albumin levels (HR, 3.87). Additionally, patients with FN had lower progression-free survival (PFS; 2-year PFS, 51.1 % vs. 74.0%) and overall survival (OS; 2-year OS, 58.2% vs. 85.0%) compared to those without FN. The occurrence of CIN was associated with overexpression of G-CSF receptor signaling pathway markers, and expression levels of these markers were upregulated in BM cells co-cultured with DLBCL cells. The rate of neutrophil apoptosis was also higher in neutrophils co-cultured with DLBCL cells and was further promoted by treatment with doxorubicin.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that high DLBCL burden may alter the BM environment and G-CSF receptor signaling pathway, even in chemotherapy-naïve state, which may increase CIN frequency during R-CHOP chemotherapy.

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Hypogammaglobulinemia at Diagnosis is Associated With Inferior Survival and Higher Risk of Infections in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Åsa Lindberg, Åsa Johansson, Fredrik Kahn, Göran Jönsson, Mats Jerkeman
Hematological Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictive Model for Occurrence of Febrile Neutropenia after Chemotherapy in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study
Masaya Morimoto, Yuma Yokoya, Kikuaki Yoshida, Hideki Kosako, Yoshikazu Hori, Toshiki Mushino, Shinobu Tamura, Reiko Ito, Ryosuke Koyamada, Takuya Yamashita, Shinichiro Mori, Nobuyoshi Mori, Sachiko Ohde
Hematology Reports.2024; 16(1): 76. CrossRef
Multi‐omics integration reveals the oncogenic role of eccDNAs in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma through STING signalling
Zijuan Wu, Wei Zhang, Luqiao Wang, Jiayan Leng, Yongle Li, Zhou Fan, Mengtao Zhan, Lei Cao, Yongning Jiang, Yan Jiang, Bing Sun, Jianxin Fu, Jianyong Li, Wenyu Shi, Hui Jin
Clinical and Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Transcriptomic analysis of neutrophil apoptosis induced by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma unveils a potential role in neutropenia
Byeol-Eun Jeon, Ji-Eun Lee, Jungwook Park, Hyejung Jung, Eun Gyung Park, Du Hyeong Lee, Young-Su Seo, Heui-Soo Kim, Ho-Jin Shin, Sang-Woo Kim
Genes & Genomics.2023; 45(8): 1013. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Adjuvant Imatinib Treatment for 5 Years versus 3 Years in Patients with Ruptured Localized Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Retrospective Analysis: Sora Kang, Min-Hee Ryu, Yeong Hak Bang, Hyung-Don Kim, Hyung Eun Lee, Yoon-Koo Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1167-1174. Published online December 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1040

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Three years of adjuvant imatinib is the standard treatment for resected gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) with rupture, but the recurrence rate is prominently high. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of 5-year adjuvant imatinib compared with 3-year treatment in patients with a ruptured GIST following surgical resection.
Materials and Methods
A total of 51 patients were included in the analysis. The assessment of GIST rupture was based on Nishida’s classification. Twenty patients who were diagnosed before November 2013 were treated with 5 years of imatinib, and 31 patients who were diagnosed after November 2013 were treated with 3 years of imatinib. We retrospectively compared the clinical outcomes of the two groups.
Results
Baseline characteristics and the incidence of the adverse events were generally comparable between the two groups. During a median follow-up duration of 43.8 months and 104.2 months in the 3- and 5-year group, 8 and 9 patients had a disease recurrence, respectively. The 5-year group showed better recurrence-free survival (RFS) than the 3-year group. In multivariate analysis, low mitotic index was a significant independent favorable prognostic factor for RFS, while 5-year imatinib treatment was marginally associated with a favorable RFS.
Conclusion
Five years of adjuvant imatinib treatment in patients with ruptured GIST was associated with favorable survival outcomes with manageable toxicity profiles. Our findings warrant validation and confirmation in future studies.

Citations

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Clinical importance of tumor rupture in gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Toshirou Nishida, Naoto Gotouda, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Hui Cao
Journal of Digestive Diseases.2024; 25(9-10): 542. CrossRef
Survival of patients with ruptured gastrointestinal stromal tumour treated with adjuvant imatinib in a randomised trial
Heikki Joensuu, Annette Reichardt, Mikael Eriksson, Peter Hohenberger, Kjetil Boye, Silke Cameron, Lars H. Lindner, Philipp J. Jost, Sebastian Bauer, Jochen Schütte, Stefan Lindskog, Raija Kallio, Panu M. Jaakkola, Dorota Goplen, Eva Wardelmann, Peter Rei
British Journal of Cancer.2024; 131(2): 299. CrossRef
Two Decades of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Management With First-Line Treatment: A Case Report
Maria M Pereira, Elisabete Couto, Ali Shamseddine, Teresa Macedo
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Imatinib

Reactions Weekly.2023; 1960(1): 224. CrossRef
Evaluation of Systemic Treatment Options for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours
Marin Golčić, Robin L. Jones, Paul Huang, Andrea Napolitano
Cancers.2023; 15(16): 4081. CrossRef
Impact of tumour rupture risk on the oncological rationale for the surgical treatment choice of gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Nadia Peparini
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2023; 15(8): 1559. CrossRef
Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with high‐risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with 3‐year adjuvant imatinib
Yeong Hak Bang, Min‐Hee Ryu, Hyung‐Don Kim, Hyung Eun Lee, Yoon‐Koo Kang
International Journal of Cancer.2022; 151(10): 1770. CrossRef
Prediction of recurrence-free survival and adjuvant therapy benefit in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors based on radiomics features
Fu-Hai Wang, Hua-Long Zheng, Jin-Tao Li, Ping Li, Chao-Hui Zheng, Qi-Yue Chen, Chang-Ming Huang, Jian-Wei Xie
La radiologia medica.2022; 127(10): 1085. CrossRef
Development and validation of a prognostic model to predict the prognosis of patients with colorectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A large international population-based cohort study
Yiding Li, Yujie Zhang, Yang Fu, Wanli Yang, Xiaoqian Wang, Lili Duan, Liaoran Niu, Junfeng Chen, Wei Zhou, Jinqiang Liu, Jing Wang, Daiming Fan, Liu Hong
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

5,491 View
209 Download
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9 Crossref

Lung and Thoracic cancer

The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Pathological Response for Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined with PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitors: Xiaoyan Sun, Yingnan Feng, Bin Zhang, Wuhao Huang, Xiaoliang Zhao, Hua Zhang, Dongsheng Yue, Changli Wang; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1017-1029. Published online November 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1007

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The aim of our study was to investigate the value of baseline and preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the pathological response and disease-free survival (DFS) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or combined with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors in patients with resectable non‒small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods
Resectable NSCLC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors between January 2018 and January 2020 were included. Peripheral venous blood samples of the patients were collected within 3 days prior to the first neoadjuvant treatment and within 3 days prior to surgery.
Results
A total of 79 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group and 89 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone group were included. Thirty-five point four percent of the patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group, whereas only 9.0% reached pCR in the group of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. High NLR level were correlated with poor pathological response and DFS in neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group. Multivariate analysis revealed that baseline NLR could independently predict pathological response and DFS in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group.
Conclusion
High NLR level were correlated with poor pathological response and shorter DFS in patients with NSCLC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors. Meanwhile, baseline NLR could independently predict response to pathological response and DFS, revealing its potential as a screening tool in NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors.

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Perioperative inflammatory index differences between pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and their prognostic implications
Yi Liu, Songping Cui, Jing Wang, Bin Hu, Shuo Chen
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Circulating biomarkers as predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC: Are we on the right path?
Calogera Claudia Spagnolo, Francesco Pepe, Giuliana Ciappina, Francesco Nucera, Paolo Ruggeri, Andrea Squeri, Desirèe Speranza, Nicola Silvestris, Umberto Malapelle, Mariacarmela Santarpia
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2024; 197: 104332. CrossRef
Easily applicable predictive score for MPR based on parameters before neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in operable NSCLC: a single-center, ambispective, observational study
Mingming Hu, Xiaomi Li, Haifeng Lin, Baohua Lu, Qunhui Wang, Li Tong, Hongxia Li, Nanying Che, Shaojun Hung, Yi Han, Kang Shi, Chenghai Li, Hongmei Zhang, Zhidong Liu, Tongmei Zhang
International Journal of Surgery.2024; 110(4): 2275. CrossRef
Dynamics of peripheral blood inflammatory index predict tumor pathological response and survival among patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who underwent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy: a multi-cohort retrospective study
Wenyu Zhai, Chao Zhang, Fangfang Duan, Jingdun Xie, Shuqin Dai, Yaobin Lin, Qihang Yan, Bingyu Rao, Liang Li, Yuheng Zhou, Zerui Zhao, Hao Long, Junye Wang
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Predicting Pathologic Complete Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer with [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET, [18F]FDG PET, and Contrast-Enhanced MRI: Lesion-to-Lesion Comparison with Pathology
Xiao Zhang, Zhenyu Lin, Yuan Feng, Zhaoguo Lin, Kaixiong Tao, Tao Zhang, Xiaoli Lan
Journal of Nuclear Medicine.2024; 65(10): 1548. CrossRef
Radiomics nomogram combined with clinical factors for predicting pathological complete response in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Zihao Lu, Yongsen Li, Wenxuan Hu, Yonghao Cao, Xin Lv, Xinyu Jia, Shiyu Shen, Jun Zhao, Chun Xu
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations
Zhao Shuang, Xiong Xingyu, Cheng Yue, Yu Mingjing
The Clinical Respiratory Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio in combination with tumor markers in colorectal cancer: a retrospective clinical study
Huan Zhang, Fan Lin, Zhuocai Wang
BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and validation of a radiomics-based nomogram for predicting a major pathological response to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for patients with potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancer
Chaoyuan Liu, Wei Zhao, Junpeng Xie, Huashan Lin, Xingsheng Hu, Chang Li, Youlan Shang, Yapeng Wang, Yingjia Jiang, Mengge Ding, Muyun Peng, Tian Xu, Ao’ran Hu, Yuda Huang, Yuan Gao, Xianling Liu, Jun Liu, Fang Ma
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic role of preoperative inflammatory markers in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer
Zilong Xiao, Xinxin Wang, Xiaoxiao Chen, Jiawei Zhou, Haitao Zhu, Jiangnan Zhang, Wensheng Deng
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Pan-Immune-Inflammatory Value in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy
Wen-Yu Zhai, Fang-Fang Duan, Yao-Bin Lin, Yong-Bin Lin, Ze-Rui Zhao, Jun-Ye Wang, Bing-Yu Rao, Lie Zheng, Hao Long
Journal of Inflammation Research.2023; Volume 16: 3329. CrossRef
The predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with inflammatory index for major pathological reactions in resectable NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy
Xiaoqin Yin, Jian Li, Bei Chen, Kehuang Liu, Shuo Hu
Lung Cancer.2023; 186: 107389. CrossRef
Efficacy, safety, and survival of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in operable non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yue Zheng, Baijie Feng, Jingyao Chen, Liting You
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging Blood-Based Biomarkers for Predicting Immunotherapy Response in NSCLC
Ana Oitabén, Pablo Fonseca, María J. Villanueva, Carme García-Benito, Aida López-López, Alberto Garrido-Fernández, Clara González-Ojea, Laura Juaneda-Magdalena, Martín E. Lázaro, Mónica Martínez-Fernández
Cancers.2022; 14(11): 2626. CrossRef

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CNS cancer

Influence of Concurrent and Adjuvant Temozolomide on Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Grade III Gliomas: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial (KNOG-1101 Study): Grace S. Ahn, Kihwan Hwang, Tae Min Kim, Chul Kee Park, Jong Hee Chang, Tae-Young Jung, Jin Hee Kim, Do-Hyun Nam, Se-Hyuk Kim, Heon Yoo, Yong-Kil Hong, Eun-Young Kim, Dong-Eun Lee, Jungnam Joo, Yu Jung Kim, Gheeyoung Choe, Byung Se Choi, Seok-Gu Kang, Jeong Hoon Kim, Chae-Yong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):396-405. Published online July 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.393

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The KNOG-1101 study showed improved 2-year PFS with temozolomide during and after radiotherapy compared to radiotherapy alone for patients with anaplastic gliomas. This trial investigates the effect of concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Materials and Methods
In this randomized, open-label, phase II trial, 90 patients with World Health Organization grade III glioma were enrolled across multiple centers in South Korea between March 2012 to February 2015 and followed up through 2017. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and 20-item EORTC QLQ-Brain Neoplasm (QLQ-BN20) were used to compare HRQoL between patients assigned to concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide (arm A) and radiotherapy (RT) alone (arm B).
Results
Of the 90 patients in the study, 84 patients (93.3%) completed the baseline HRQoL questionnaire. Emotional functioning, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, constipation, appetite loss, diarrhea, seizures, itchy skin, drowsiness, hair loss, and bladder control were not affected by the addition of temozolomide. All other items did not differ significantly between arm A and arm B throughout treatment. Global health status particularly stayed consistent at the end of adjuvant temozolomide (p=0.47) and at the end of RT (p=0.33).
Conclusion
The addition of concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide did not show negative influence on HRQoL with improvement of progression-free survival for patients with anaplastic gliomas. The absence of systematic and clinically relevant changes in HRQoL suggests that an overall long-term net clinical benefit exists for concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide.

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Achievements of international rare cancers networks and consortia in the neuro-oncology field
Vincenzo Di Nunno, Enrico Franceschi, Ahmed Idbaih
Current Opinion in Oncology.2024; 36(6): 554. CrossRef
Prevalence and management of sleep disturbance in adults with primary brain tumours and their caregivers: a systematic review
Jason A. Martin, Nicolas H. Hart, Natalie Bradford, Fiona Naumann, Mark B. Pinkham, Elizabeth P. Pinkham, Justin J. Holland
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2023; 162(1): 25. CrossRef
Prolonged use of temozolomide leads to increased anxiety and decreased content of aggrecan and chondroitin sulfate in brain tissues of aged rats
Anastasia Strokotova, Dmitry Sokolov, Olga Molodykh, Elena Koldysheva, Evgenii Kliver, Victor Ushakov, Maxim Politko, Nadezhda Mikhnevich, Galina Kazanskaya, Svetlana Aidagulova, Elvira Grigorieva
Biomedical Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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3 Crossref

Head and Neck cancer

Long-term Survivals, Toxicities and the Role of Chemotherapy in Early-Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated with Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: A Retrospective Study with 15-Year Follow-up: Lin Wang, Jingjing Miao, Huageng Huang, Boyu Chen, Xiao Xiao, Manyi Zhu, Yingshan Liang, Weiwei Xiao, Shaomin Huang, Yinglin Peng, Xiaowu Deng, Xing Lv, Weixiong Xia, Yanqun Xiang, Xiang Guo, Fei Han, Chong Zhao; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):118-129. Published online June 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.101

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study was aimed to investigate long-term survivals and toxicities of early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in endemic area, evaluating the role of chemotherapy in stage II patients.
Materials and Methods
Totally 187 patients with newly diagnosed NPC and restaged American Joint Committee on Cancer/ International Union Against Cancer 8th T1-2N0-1M0 were retrospectively recruited. All received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)±chemotherapy (CT) from 2001 to 2010.
Results
With 15.7-year median follow-up, 10-year locoregional recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were 93.3%, 93.5%, 92.9% and 88.2%, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed cervical lymph nodes positive and pre-treatment prognostic nutritional index ≥ 52.0 could independently predict DMFS (p=0.036 and p=0.011), DSS (p=0.014 and p=0.026), and OS (p=0.002 and p < 0.001); Charlson comorbidity index < 3 points could predict DSS (p=0.011); age > 45 years (p=0.002) and pre-treatment lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 240 U/L (p < 0.001) predicted OS. No grade 4 late toxicity happened; grade 3 late toxicities included subcutaneous fibrosis (4.3%), deafness or otitis (4.8%), skin dystrophy (2.1%), and xerostomia (1.1%). No differences on survivals were shown between IMRT+CT vs. IMRT alone in stage II patients, even in T2N1M0 (p > 0.05). Unsurprising, patients in IMRT+CT had more acute gastrointestinal reaction, myelosuppression, mucositis, late ear toxicity, and cranial nerve injury (all p < 0.05) than IMRT alone group.
Conclusion
Superior tumor control and satisfying long-term outcomes could be achieved with IMRT in early-stage NPC with mild late toxicities. As CT would bring more toxicities, it should be carefully performed to stage II patients.

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