Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Female Breast Cancer Mortality in Korea: Yunhee Choi, Yeonju Kim, Sue K. Park, Hai-Rim Shin, Keun-Young Yoo; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):11-19. Published online May 14, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.021

Purpose
Despite the low mortality rate of breast cancer among women in Korea, the breast cancer mortality rate has increased. The aim of this study was to examine trends in breast cancer mortality from 1983 to 2012 in Korea, assessing the importance of age, period, and birth cohort as risk factors.
Materials and Methods
Data on the annual number of deaths due to female breast cancer and on female population statistics from 1983 to 2012 were obtained from Statistics Korea. A log-linear Poisson ageperiod- cohort model was used to estimate age, period, and cohort effects.
Results
The increasing breast cancer mortality can be explained predominantly by a birth cohort effect: the risk of breast cancer death showed a steady increase until the 1968 birth cohort, and decreased thereafter. There was a sharp increase in the magnitude of the age effect up to 60 years old, then a moderate increase in the effect during the sixties, followed by another sharp increase from 70 years old. The period effect on breast cancer mortality seems negligible based on its adjusted relative risk, even though it was statistically significant after adjusting for age and cohort effects.
Conclusion
In this study, the mortality pattern of breast cancer in Korea can be explained predominantly by a birth cohort effect. Hence, the overall mortality rate of breast cancer may increase for a while, and show a gradual decrease in the future, which will start from the younger age group.

Citations

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Validating Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Models in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II Biobank
Yon Ho Jee, Chi Gao, Jihye Kim, Seho Park, Sun Ha Jee, Peter Kraft
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2020; 29(6): 1271. CrossRef
Temporal Trends of Common Female Malignances on Breast, Cervical, and Ovarian Cancer Mortality in Japan, Republic of Korea, and Singapore: Application of the Age-Period-Cohort Model
Jinyao Wang, Haizhen Lv, Zhilin Xue, Lu Wang, Zhiqiang Bai
BioMed Research International.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Silencing of bach1 gene by small interfering RNA–mediation regulates invasive and expression level of miR-203, miR-145, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and CXCR4 receptor in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells
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Increased breast cancer mortality only in the lower education group: age-period-cohort effect in breast cancer mortality by educational level in South Korea, 1983-2012
Jinwook Bahk, Sung-Mi Jang, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
International Journal for Equity in Health.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Secular Trends of Breast Cancer in China, South Korea, Japan and the United States: Application of the Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Zhenkun Wang, Junzhe Bao, Chuanhua Yu, Jinyao Wang, Chunhui Li
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2015; 12(12): 15409. CrossRef

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Reproductive and Hormonal Factors Associated with Fatty or Dense Breast Patterns among Korean Women: Jei-Hun Jeon, Jung-Hyun Kang, Yeonju Kim, Hoo-Yeon Lee, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Dong-Kwan Oh, Chang Yoon Lee, Kyungran Ko, Eun-Cheol Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(1):42-48. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.1.42

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
Dense breasts have been suggested as a risk factor for breast cancer, but controversy still remains. This study evaluates the association of reproductive and hormonal factors with dense breasts among Korean women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using a cross-sectional design, 516 women were recruited and classified for breast density patterns as being either fatty or dense, using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) of the American College of Radiology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
In univariate logistic regression, older age, higher body mass index, older age at menarche, and oral contraceptive use were associated with more fatty breasts. On the contrary, longer duration of education, alcohol consumption, lower parity, menopause and use of hormone replacement therapy were associated with dense breasts. After adjustment, age and body mass index were inversely associated with breast density (p-value for trend <0.01, respectively), whereas nulliparous and premenopausal status were positively associated. Compared to women who had > or =2 children, nulliparous women had an 11.8-fold increase of dense breasts (p-value for trend <0.01). Compared to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women had 2.4-fold increase of dense breasts (odds ratio, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 4.32).
CONCLUSION
Young age, lower body mass index, lower parity, and premenopausal status were significantly associated with dense breasts in Korea.

Citations

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Lusine Yaghjyan, Carmen Smotherman, John Heine, Graham A. Colditz, Bernard Rosner, Rulla M. Tamimi
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Survival Rates of Breast Cancer Patients Aged 40 to 49 Years according to Detection Modality in Korea: Screening Ultrasound versus Mammography
So Yeon Won, Hyung Seok Park, Eun-Kyung Kim, Seung Il Kim, Hee Jung Moon, Jung Hyun Yoon, Vivian Youngjean Park, Seho Park, Min Jung Kim, Young Up Cho, Byeong-Woo Park
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BMC Cancer.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
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Guiyun Sohn, Jong Won Lee, Sung Won Park, Jihoon Park, Jiyoung Woo, Hwa Jung Kim, Hee Jung Shin, Hak Hee Kim, Kyung Hae Jung, Joohon Sung, Seung Wook Lee, Byung Ho Son, Sei-Hyun Ahn
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Trends of Mammography Use in a National Breast Cancer Screening Program, 2004-2008: Sun Mi Lim, Hoo-Yeon Lee, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Eun-Cheol Park, Yeonju Kim, Mi Ah Han, Dong Kwan Oh, Jung Im Shim; Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(4):199-202. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2010.42.4.199

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Korea started breast cancer screening as part of the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) in 1999. In order to identify under-served groups, we investigated mammography uptake in the National Breast Cancer Screening Program.

Materials and Methods

The study population was participants in the National Breast Cancer Screening Program from 2004 to 2008. We analyzed participation rates by insurance type, age group, and area of residence.

Results

Total participation rates for breast cancer screening increased from 18.2% in 2004 to 35.0% in 2008. The participation rate in the group aged 60 to 69 years showed the greatest increase, 21.3%, among the four age groups. Although the screening rate increased continuously, the participation rate of the Medical Aid Program (MAP) group was low compared to the National Health Insurance (NHI) group. Moreover, the increasing trend of mammography uptake in the MAP group was much lower than that of the NHI group.

Conclusion

The participation rate for breast cancer screening in the NCSP in Korea has increased. However, the participation rate in mammography among MAP recipients is still lower than that of NHI beneficiaries. To increase mammography uptake, it is important to make it available to everyone by ensuring inclusion of all population subgroups.

Citations

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Factors associated with attendance at screening for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rebecca Mottram, Wendy Lynn Knerr, Daniel Gallacher, Hannah Fraser, Lena Al-Khudairy, Abimbola Ayorinde, Sian Williamson, Chidozie Nduka, Olalekan A Uthman, Samantha Johnson, Alexander Tsertsvadze, Christopher Stinton, Sian Taylor-Phillips, Aileen Clarke
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Minsun Kang, Ki-Bong Yoo, Eun-Cheol Park, Kisung Kwon, Gaeun Kim, Doo Ree Kim, Jeoung A Kwon
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2014; 15(7): 3279. CrossRef
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Imre Boncz, Lajos Döbrőssy, Zoltán Péntek, Attila Kovács, András Budai, László Imre, Réka Vajda, Andor Sebestyén
Orvosi Hetilap.2013; 154(50): 1975. CrossRef
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Mi-Ah Han, Jae-Kwan Jun, Kui-Son Choi, Eun-Cheol Park, Hoo-Yeon Lee
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2012; 13(1): 63. CrossRef
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Hoo-Yeon Lee, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Myung-Il Hahm, Eun-Cheol Park
BMC Cancer.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk Factors and Control Strategies for the Rapidly Rising Rate of Breast Cancer in Korea
Sue K. Park, Yeonju Kim, Daehee Kang, En-Joo Jung, Keun-Young Yoo
Journal of Breast Cancer.2011; 14(2): 79. CrossRef

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Results of Colorectal Cancer Screening of the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea, 2008: Jung Im Shim, Yeonju Kim, Mi Ah Han, Hoo-Yeon Lee, Kui Sun Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Eun-Cheol Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(4):191-198. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2010.42.4.191

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the current situation of national colorectal cancer screening by analyzing participation rates, positive rates of screening methods and screening rate of secondary screening tests in colorectal screening of the national cancer screening program in 2008.

Materials and Methods

With database about target population and screened individuals of the national cancer screening program, the results of target population and participants of colorectal cancer screening in 2008 were analyzed. Among adults aged over 50 years of medical aid and beneficiaries of national health insurance paying lower 50% premiums in the total subscribers, 4,640,365 were target population of colorectal cancer screening and the data of 984,915 undergoing fecal occult blood test (FOBT) as a primary screening were analyzed.

Results

The colorectal cancer screening rate was 21.2% and the rates of national health insurance subscribers, females and the elderly aged 60-64 years were higher than those of others. The recipients with a positive result in FOBT recorded approximately 7.5%. Medical aid beneficiaries (7.9%), males (8.8%) and seniors aged over 75 years (9.1%) showed higher positive rates than the average one. Out of the FOBT positive recipients, 43.0% took a secondary screening and the rate undergoing colonoscopy (31.4%) was higher than that of doing double-contrast barium enema test (11.6%).

Conclusion

Colorectal cancer screening rate of medical aid beneficiaries and people paying lower 50% premiums among national health insurance subscribers, was different according to demographic characters (gender, age and types of health insurance). This finding meant that screening for the vulnerable needed to be encouraged by considering socio-demographic characters. Additionally, more efforts were necessary to increase the secondary screening rate of people with a positive result in primary one.

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Correction

Correction: Long Term Trends and the Future Gastric Cancer Mortality in Korea: 1983~2013: Yunhee Choi, Jin Gwack, Yeonju Kim, Jisuk Bae, Jae-Kwan Jun, Kwang-Pil Ko, Keun-Young Yoo; Cancer Res Treat. 2007;39(1):44-46. Published online March 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2007.39.1.44; Corrects: Cancer Res Treat 2006;38(1):7

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Original Article

Long Term Trends and the Future Gastric Cancer Mortality in Korea: 1983~2013: Yunhee Choi, Jin Gwack, Yeonju Kim, Jisuk Bae, Jae-Kwan Jun, Kwang-Pil Ko, Keun-Young Yoo; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(1):7-12. Published online February 28, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.1.7; Correction in: Cancer Res Treat 2007;39(1):44

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Purpose

In spite of gastric cancer's decreasing incidence and mortality rates, it is still the most common cancer in Korea. In the present study, we examined the temporal trends of gastric cancer mortality during the past 20 years in Korea by using an age-period-cohort model, and we predicted the mortality rates for the next 10 years.

Materials and Methods

Data on the annual number of deaths due to gastric cancer and data on population statistics from 1984 to 2003 were obtained from the Korean National Statistical Office. A log-linear Poisson age-period-cohort model was used to estimate age, period and birth cohort effects. To project two periods (10 years) into the future, the new cohort values were estimated by performing linear regression that was applied to a chosen number of the most recent cohort values.

Results

The trends of gastric cancer mortality were predominantly explained by the cohort effect; the risk of gastric cancer death decreased since the 1919 birth cohort for both genders. The predicted, expected age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 for males and females are 45.72 and 23.75, respectively, during 2004~2008, and 34.62 and 17.93 respectively, during 2009~2013. During 2004~2008 and 2009~2013, the predicted numbers of deaths due to gastric cancer in males are 36,922 and 27,959, respectively, whereas those in females are 19,698 and 14,869, respectively.

Conclusions

Not only the mortality, but also the incidence of gastric cancer in Korea is expected to further decrease in both men and women if the trends of the past 20 years continue.

Citations

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