Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Lung and Thoracic cancer

The Real-World Outcome of First Line Atezolizumab in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study: Myeong Geun Choi, Yeon Joo Kim, Jae Cheol Lee, Wonjun Ji, In-Jae Oh, Sung Yong Lee, Seong Hoon Yoon, Shin Yup Lee, Jeong Eun Lee, Eun Young Kim, Chang-Min Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):422-429. Published online October 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.913

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Purpose
The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy has improved survival outcomes in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, their real-world effectiveness remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in ES-SCLC in actual clinical settings.
Materials and Methods
In this multicenter prospective cohort study, patients with ES-SCLC receiving or scheduled to receive atezolizumab in combination with etoposide and carboplatin were enrolled between June 2021 and August 2022. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate.
Results
A total of 100 patients with ES-SCLC were enrolled from seven centers. Median age was 69 years, and 6% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ≥ 2. The median PFS was 6.0 months, the 1-year OS rate was 62.2%, and the median OS was 13.5 months. An ECOG PS of 2-3 and progressive disease as the best response were poor prognostic factors for PFS, while an ECOG PS of 2-3 and brain metastasis were associated with poor prognosis for OS. In addition, consolidative thoracic radiotherapy was found to be an independent favorable prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio, 0.336; p=0.021). Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 7% of patients, with treatment-related deaths occurring in 2% of patients.
Conclusion
We provided evidence of the favorable real-world effectiveness and safety of atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in ES-SCLC patients, including in the elderly and those with poor ECOG PS. Additional consolidative thoracic radiotherapy may also benefit ES-SCLC patients.

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Real-World Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy and ≥ 2 Subsequent Lines of Therapy in the United States
Kamya Sankar, Sudhir Unni, Marian Eberl, Hoa Le, Tara Herrmann, Boris Gorsh, Mei Tang, Friso Coerts, Sajid Ahmed
Advances in Therapy.2026; 43(1): 214. CrossRef
Atezolizumab in the first-line treatment of small cell lung cancer: Toxicity and safety in real-world clinical practice
Ju. S. Mansurova, M. A. Lyadova, E. A. Denisova, E. S. Kuzmina, V. К. Lyadov
Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2026; (21): 20. CrossRef
Atezolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy and etoposide as first-line treatment for metastatic small cell lung cancer: a retrospective multicenter observational study
Laura Moñino Domínguez, Laura Amaro Álvarez, Alicia Aguado Paredes, Isabel María Carrión Madroñal
Farmacia Hospitalaria.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Real-World Evidence of Atezolizumab Efficacy as Part of First-Line Treatment for Extensive-Stage SCLC in Bulgaria
Manoela Manova, Boryana Ivanova, Rositsa Krasteva, Nikolay Conev, Tanya Zlatanova, Jeliazko Arabadjiev, Natalia Chilingirova, Mila Petrova, Assen Dudov, Bozhil Robev, Velko Minchev, Ivan Tonev, Krassimir Koynov, Daniel Penchev, Todor Georgiev, Antoan Rang
Cancers.2026; 18(7): 1129. CrossRef
[Artículo traducido] Atezolizumab más quimioterapia con platino y etopósido como tratamiento de primera línea en cáncer de pulmón microcítico metastásico: estudio multicéntrico observacional retrospectivo
Laura Moñino Domínguez, Laura Amaro Álvarez, Alicia Aguado Paredes, Isabel María Carrión Madroñal
Farmacia Hospitalaria.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
First-Line Serplulimab in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Jingjing Liu, Liang Han, Lin Wu, Jun Chen, Hongmei Sun, Guilan Wen, Yinghua Ji, Jianhua Shi, Zhijie Pan, Jinsheng Shi, Xicheng Wang, Yuansong Bai, Yueyin Pan, Xuhong Min, Maksym Viguro, Xingya Li, Yanqiu Zhao, Junquan Yang, Tamta Makharadze, Ekaterine Ark
JAMA Oncology.2026; 12(8): 810. CrossRef
Personalized tumor-loaded monocyte-derived dendritic cell vaccination in combination with atezolizumab as maintenance treatment in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC): phase Ib-II VENEZOLUNG trial
Maria Gonzalez-Cao, Marta Sisteré-Oró, Teresa Moran, Noemi Reguart, Raquel Cabezon, Andres Aguilar Hernández, Ruth Roman, Miguel A Molina-Vila, Kürşat Birgin, Eva Domenjo-Vila, Gemma Piqué, Miquel Lozano, Paola Charry, Roxana Reyes, Irene Moya, Lluis Cire
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer.2026; 14(7): e015351. CrossRef
Multicenter retrospective study on the clinical profiles of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer who met the eligibility criteria for clinical trials
Tatsuya Yazaki, Kei Sonehara, Toshiharu Tsutsui, Shuhei Nozawa, Toshihiko Agatsuma, Manabu Yamamoto, Akemi Matsuo, Masanori Nakanishi, Tomoshige Chiaki, Akane Kato, Takashige Miyahara, Tsutomu Hachiya, Shintaro Kanda, Masayuki Hanaoka
Current Problems in Cancer.2026; 64: 101327. CrossRef
Significance of Platinum‐Based Chemotherapy With Programmed Death‐1 Blockade in Limited Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Ayako Shiono, Hisao Imai, Kyoichi Kaira, Takanori Abe, Yuki Sato, Ken Yamamoto, Hiroki Watanabe, Yuko Tsuchiya‐Kawano, Akihiro Tamiya, Takashi Osaki, Noriko Yanagitani, Shigeru Tanzawa, Toshiyuki Sumi, Kohei Yoshimine, Yohei Matsui, Satoshi Endo, Kazuhiko
Thoracic Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Treatment Duration in First-Line Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Real-World Retrospective Study
Mehmet Nuri Baser, Bilgin Demir, Gamze Serin Ozel, Gamze Gokoz Dogu, Serdar Karakaya, Mucahit Ugar, Naziye Ak, Ahmet Ozveren, Ufuk Camanlı, Olcun Umit Unal, Merve Turan, Esin Oktay
Medicina.2025; 61(7): 1230. CrossRef
Extended Follow‐Up Analysis of First‐Line Atezolizumab in Extensive‐Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real‐World Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Yechan Song, Myeong Geun Choi, Yeon Joo Kim, Jae Cheol Lee, Wonjun Ji, In‐Jae Oh, Sung Yong Lee, Seong Hoon Yoon, Shin Yup Lee, Jeong Eun Lee, Eun Young Kim, Ho Young Kim, Chang‐Min Choi
Thoracic Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Assessment of Anti-tumor Efficacy of Osimertinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Liquid Biopsy Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Plasma, or Pleural Effusion: Yeon Joo Kim, Won Jun Ji, Jae-Cheol Lee, Sung-Min Chun, Chang-Min Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):985-995. Published online January 17, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.857

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Purpose
This study was to evaluate anti-tumor efficacy of osimertinib in patients positive for acquired epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation in liquid biopsy using plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or bronchial washing fluid (BWF), and pleural effusion.
Materials and Methods
Among patients benefited from previous EGFR‒tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment followed by treatment failure, patients in whom T790M mutations are detected in at least one of the samples including tumor tissues, BALF/BWF, plasma, and pleural effusion were enrolled. T790M mutation was detected by extracting cell free DNA from liquid biopsy samples, using PANA Mutyper. Objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) with osimertinib treatment were evaluated.
Results
Between January 2018 and December 2019, 63 patients were enrolled and received osimertinib. Mean age was 63 years, and 38 (60.3%) were female. Twenty-six patients had T790M mutation in both liquid and tissue samples (group A), 19 patients had only in tissue biopsy samples (group B), and 18 patients had T790M mutation only in liquid biopsy samples (group C). ORR in overall population was 63.5%, and was 61.5% in group A, 68.4% in group B, and 61.1% in group C, respectively. Median PFS in overall patients was 15.6 months (95% confidence interval, 10.7 to 24.2). There was no significant difference in ORR or PFS between groups.
Conclusion
Osimertinib showed favorable efficacy in lung cancer patients with acquired resistance to prior EGFR-TKI therapies, who screened positive for harboring T790M mutation detected from cell free DNA extracted from plasma, BALF/BWF, and pleural effusion.

Citations

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Cardiovascular adverse events in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving osimertinib therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wei-He Liu, Yun-Jiu Cheng, Jin Kang, Jian Chen, Zhen-Jie An, Ting-Hui Li, Ning Tan, Wen-Zhao Zhong, Yi-Long Wu, Lei Jiang
Lung Cancer.2026; 217: 109413. CrossRef
Repeated rebiopsy for detection of EGFR T790M mutation in patients with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma: Associated factors and treatment outcomes of Osimertinib
Taeyun Kim, Junsu Choe, Sun Hye Shin, Byeong-Ho Jeong, Kyungjong Lee, Hojoong Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Sang-Won Um, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(9): e0310079. CrossRef
Can Liquid Biopsy Based on ctDNA/cfDNA Replace Tissue Biopsy for the Precision Treatment of EGFR-Mutated NSCLC?
Yi-Ze Li, Sheng-Nan Kong, Yun-Peng Liu, Yue Yang, Hong-Mei Zhang
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(4): 1438. CrossRef
Usefulness of bronchial washing fluid for detection of EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer
Woo Kyung Ryu, Seung Hyun Yong, Sang Hoon Lee, Hye Ran Gwon, Hye Ryun Kim, Min Hee Hong, Go Eun Oh, Sehee Jung, Chi Young Kim, Yoon Soo Chang, Eun Young Kim
Lung Cancer.2023; 186: 107390. CrossRef

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Breast cancer

Effect of Postoperative Radiotherapy after Primary Tumor Resection in De Novo Stage IV Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (KROG 19-02): Yeon Joo Kim, Yeon-Joo Kim, Yong Bae Kim, Ik Jae Lee, Jeanny Kwon, Kyubo Kim, Jihye Cha, Myungsoo Kim, In Young Jo, Jung Hoon Kim, Jaehyeon Park, Jin Hee Kim, Juree Kim, Kyung Hwan Shin, Su Ssan Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):478-487. Published online July 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.632

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Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the impact of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) patients undergoing planned primary tumor resection (PTR) and to identify the subgroup of patients who would most benefit from PORT.
Materials and Methods
This study enrolled 426 patients with dnMBC administered PTR alone or with PORT. The primary and secondary outcomes were overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS), respectively.
Results
The median follow-up time was 53.7 months (range, 3.1 to 194.4). The 5-year OS and PFS rates were 73.2% and 32.0%, respectively. For OS, clinical T3/4 category, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), postoperative chemotherapy alone were significantly poor prognostic factors, and administration of PORT failed to show its significance. Regarding PFS, PORT was a favorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.82; p < 0.001), in addition to T1/2 category, ≤ 5 metastases, and non-TNBC. According to the multivariate analyses of OS in the PORT group, we divided the patients into three groups (group 1, T1/2 and non-TNBC [n=193]; group 2, T3/4 and non-TNBC [n=171]; and group 3, TNBC [n=49]), and evaluated the effect of PORT. Although PORT had no significance for OS in all subgroups, it was a significant factor for good prognosis regarding PFS in groups 1 and 2, not in group 3.
Conclusion
PORT was associated with a significantly better PFS in patients with dnMBC who underwent PTR. Patients with clinical T1/2 category and non-TNBC benefited most from PORT, while those with TNBC showed little benefit.

Citations

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Survival Impact of Postoperative Primary Area Radiotherapy on De Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Pingchuan Li, Lineng Wei, Yinan Ji, Huawei Yang
Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Survival Between Mastectomy and Breast-Conserving Surgery in De Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Study
Yi-Yan Hong, Hong-Liang Zhan, Guan-Qiao Li, Qiu-Yan Chen, San-Gang Wu, Fu-Xing Zhang
Journal of Investigative Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Postoperative radiotherapy for stage IV breast cancer following primary tumor removal: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Anna Maria Merlotti, Stefania Martini, Anna Maria Vandone, Riccardo Bonomi, Salvatore Dario Solla, Francesco Olivero, Lavinia Spinelli, Paola Critelli, Luca Gianello, Riccardo Vigna Taglianti, Grazia Sciancalepore, Alessio Garetto, Gianmauro Numico, Richa
Tumori Journal.2025; 111(6): 463. CrossRef
Locoregional radiation therapy as a stage of complex stage for de novo metastatic breast cancer
E. V. Timoshkina, S. I. Tkachev, O. P. Trofimova, M. V. Chernykh, Yu. I. Pryamikova
Tumors of female reproductive system.2025; 21(3): 16. CrossRef
Letter to the editor for the article“Tumor margin irregularity degree is an important preoperative predictor of adverse pathology for clinical T1/2 renal cell carcinoma and the construction of predictive model”
Yaping Miao, Lexin Wang, Ping Chen, Jiaan Lu, Guanhu Yang, Hao Chi
World Journal of Urology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The prognostic differences and the effect of postmastectomy radiotherapy between post‐chemotherapy ypT1‐2ypN1 and de novo pT1‐2N1 breast cancer
Tian Yang, Xiaorong Zhong, Jun Wang, Zhongzheng Xiang, Yuanyuan Zeng, Siting Yu, Zelei Dai, Ningyue Xu, Ting Luo, Lei Liu
Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(7): 8112. CrossRef
Impact of high dose radiotherapy for breast tumor in locoregionally uncontrolled stage IV breast cancer: a need for a risk-stratified approach
Nalee Kim, Haeyoung Kim, Won Park, Won Kyung Cho, Tae Gyu Kim, Young-Hyuck Im, Jin Seok Ahn, Yeon Hee Park, Ji-Yeon Kim
Radiation Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Machine learning predicts the prognosis of breast cancer patients with initial bone metastases
Chaofan Li, Mengjie Liu, Jia Li, Weiwei Wang, Cong Feng, Yifan Cai, Fei Wu, Xixi Zhao, Chong Du, Yinbin Zhang, Yusheng Wang, Shuqun Zhang, Jingkun Qu
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Influencing Prognosis in Patients with De Novo Stage IV Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Meilin Zhang, Zining Jin, Yingying Xu, Bo Chen, Jian Song, Muyao Li, Feng Jin, Ang Zheng
SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Clinical Outcomes of Proton Beam Therapy for Choroidal Melanoma at a Single Institute in Korea: Tae Wan Kim, Euncheol Choi, Jeonghoon Park, Dong-ho Shin, Su Kyung Jung, Susie Seok, Kwan Ho Cho, Joo-Young Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Yang Kwon Suh, Yeon Joo Kim, Sung Ho Moon; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(2):335-344. Published online April 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.070

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Purpose
This study retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes and complications of proton beam therapy (PBT) in a single institution in Korea and quantitatively analyzed the change in tumor volume after PBT using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Materials and Methods
Twenty-four treatment-naïve patients who underwent PBT for choroidal melanoma between 2009 and 2015 were reviewed. Dose fractionation was 60-70 cobalt gray equivalents over 5 fractions. Orbital MRIs were taken at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after PBT and annually thereafter. The tumor volume was reconstructed and evaluated by stacking the tumor boundary in each thin-sliced axial T1-weighted image using MIM software.
Results
The median follow-up duration was 36.5 months (range, 9 to 82 months). One patient had suspicious local progression and two patients had distant metastasis. The 3-year local progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival rates were 95.8%, 95.8%, and 100%,respectively. Five Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event ver. 4.03 grade 3-4 toxicities were observed in four patients (16.7%), including one with neovascular glaucoma. The mean tumor volume at the baseline MRI was 0.565±0.084 mL (range, 0.074 to 1.610 mL), and the ratios of the mean volume at 3, 6, and 12 months to that at baseline were 81.8%, 67.3%, and 60.4%, respectively.
Conclusion
The local controlrate and complication profile after PBT in patientswith choroidal melanoma in Korea were comparable with those reported in a previous PBT series. The change in tumor volume after PBT exhibited a gradual regression pattern on MRI.

Citations

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Three years of ocular proton therapy in the Netherlands, clinical results
C. Rasch, M. Marinkovic, L. Pors, E. Kilic, N. Naus, S. Yavuzyigitoglu, P. A. Bakker, C. van Rij, J. W. Beenakker, J. Bleeker, A. Schalenbourg, A. Pica, J. Hrbacek, N. Horeweg, K. Vu
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Radiation Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Engin Aşlar, Fatih Ekinci
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Jong Won Park, Seowoong Jun, Ki Chang Keum, Christopher Seungkyu Lee, Kyung Hwan Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(4): 1218. CrossRef
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Physics in Medicine & Biology.2024; 69(18): 18TR02. CrossRef
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Clinical Care for Uveal Melanoma Patients—A Systematic Review from an Ophthalmic Perspective
Myriam G. Jaarsma-Coes, Lisa Klaassen, Marina Marinkovic, Gregorius P. M. Luyten, T. H. Khanh Vu, Teresa A. Ferreira, Jan-Willem M. Beenakker
Cancers.2023; 15(11): 2995. CrossRef
When Is the Optimum Radiological Response to Proton Beam Therapy in Uveal Melanoma?
Matthew Gillam, Glenn Ace Fenech, Oliver Chadwick, Jonathan Nairn, Vikas Chadha, Julie Connolly, Oliver Cram, Wilma Kincaid, Paul Cauchi
Ocular Oncology and Pathology.2023; 9(5-6): 130. CrossRef
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Eustache Gnacadja, Cédric Hernalsteens, Stewart Boogert, Quentin Flandroy, Carolina Fuentes, Laurence J. Nevay, Nicolas Pauly, Eliott Ramoisiaux, William Shields, Robin Tesse, Raphael Van Roermund, Marion Vanwelde
Physical Review Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Who Will Benefit from Charged-Particle Therapy?
Kyung Su Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu
Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(3): 621. CrossRef
Uveal Melanoma: A Review of the Literature and Personal Experiences
Yong Joon Kim, Christopher Seungkyu Lee, Sung Chul Lee
Journal of Retina.2021; 6(2): 65. CrossRef
Carbon Fiducial Markers for Tumor Localization in Stereotactic Irradiation of Uveal Melanoma
Timothy T. Xu, Jose S. Pulido, Ian F. Parney, Cristiane M. Ida, Lauren A. Dalvin, Timothy W. Olsen
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Pradeep Manchegowda, Arun D. Singh, Carol Shields, Swathi Kaliki, Parag Shah, Lingam Gopal, Pukhraj Rishi
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Preliminary Dosimetric Study of Proton Minibeam Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Choroidal Melanoma
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