Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Understanding the Unmet Needs in Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Korea: Eun Sang Yu, Soyean Kwon, Seonggyu Byeon, Ja Min Byun, Sung-Soo Park, Ki-Seong Eom, Chul Won Choi; Received September 15, 2025 Accepted January 23, 2026 Published online January 26, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.1008 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of ibrutinib in 2012, the treatment landscape for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) has undergone a paradigm shift. Nevertheless, the disease remains incurable, posing ongoing clinical challenges. In Korea, these challenges are further compounded by unique characteristics of patients and national healthcare system.
Materials and Methods
The multicenter retrospective analysis included 519 patients diagnosed with CLL/SLL between 2006 and 2024 across three major Korean institutions.
Results
The median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Among 267 patients who received first-line therapy, 68.9% (184/267) were treated with immunochemotherapy, 19.4% (52/267) with cytotoxic chemotherapy, and 11.2% (30/267) with a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. Since the Korean approval of ibrutinib in 2016, BTK inhibitor use has steadily increased. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that patients receiving BTK inhibitor–based therapy had more favorable outcomes compared to those treated with immunochemotherapy.
Conclusion
This study provides the most comprehensive real-world reflection of current diagnostic and therapeutic practices in Korea. Through comparative analysis with international data, it offers valuable insights into the limitations of current CLL/SLL care and may inform future strategies to optimize management in the Korean context.

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Hematologic malignancy

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Daratumumab Monotherapy and Subsequent Therapies in Heavily Treated Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Feasible Methodology using a Korean Nationwide Population Cohort: Sung-Soo Park, Suein Choi, Seungpil Jung, Seunghoon Han, Chaehyeon Lee, Jinseon Han, Soyoung Kim, Kihyun Kim, Chang-Ki Min; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):300-310. Published online April 15, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.046

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
High-cost novel therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) require evaluation of efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
Materials and Methods
This study developed a methodology to assess cost-effectiveness using nationwide data from 11,450 newly diagnosed MM patients. A novel algorithm was applied to identify lines of therapy (LoT).
Results
The number of newly diagnosed MM patients increased significantly, from 873 in 2010 to 1,464 in 2019 (p < 0.001). Advancing LoT was associated with shorter time to next treatment (TTNT) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001), while all-cause medical costs increased with each LoT (p < 0.001). Bortezomib-melphalan-prednisolone was the most common frontline regimen for transplant-ineligible patients (29.2%), while bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone was most used for transplant-eligible patients (11.3%). Daratumumab monotherapy demonstrated superior second TTNT (7.8 vs. 5.2 months) and OS (8.5 vs. 5.3 months) compared to standard care in heavily treated MM patients, with statistical significance maintained after cost adjustment. For subsequent therapies following daratumumab, a methodology was developed to estimate required medical costs using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER): Expected cost ($)=ICER×(Expected life expectancy–0.567)+35,601.
Conclusion
This study provides a novel cost-effectiveness framework linking treatment efficacy and real-world costs, supporting predictions of societal costs for future MM therapies.

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Cost-Effectiveness of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma Patients Aged 65 to 69 Years (CAREMM-2110 Study)
Jung Yeon Lee, Seungpil Jung, Sung-Soo Park, Seonggyu Byeon, Seung-Hwan Shin, Young-Woo Jeon, Seung-Ah Yahng, Suein Choi, Jin Seok Kim, Chang-Ki Min
Value in Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Amyloidosis in Korea: A 14-Year Nationwide Cohort Study
Mi-Hyang Jung, Hae Ok Jung, So-Young Lee, Jong-Chan Youn, Yeo Reum Kim, Hoseob Kim, Woo-Baek Chung
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 15(1): 313. CrossRef

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Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Intravenous Daratumumab in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Multicenter, Observational Study from Korea: Youngil Koh, Sung-Soo Yoon, Kihyun Kim, Je-Jung Lee, Sung-Hoon Jung, Sang Eun Yoon, Sung-Soo Park, YoungJu Park, Soomin Yoon, Chang-Ki Min; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(3):883-890. Published online December 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.781

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Daratumumab is a novel, first-in-class monoclonal antibody approved for use as monotherapy and in combination with other treatments for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of daratumumab in real-world clinical practice.
Materials and Methods
This observational multicenter study collected data from patients with MM treated in Korea between June 1, 2018, and February 28, 2022.
Results
A total of 125 patients with a diagnosis of MM were included and followed until discontinuation or completion of 52 weeks’ follow-up. The median age was 67 years, and 97.6% of patients received more than three prior lines of therapy. The overall response rate was 52.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.2 to 61.8), and a very good partial response was observed in 19.5% of patients (95% CI, 12.8 to 27.8). Of the patients who achieved a partial or higher response (52.5%), the median time to first response was 2.4 months (95% CI, 1.8 to 3.4), and the median time from start of daratumumab treatment until progressive disease was 4.1 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 5.1). Fever (24.0%) was the most frequently recorded adverse event (AE), while anemia (8.8%) and neutropenia (8.0%) were the most frequently observed grade 3-4 AEs. Overall, no unexpected safety signals were observed.
Conclusion
In a rapidly evolving treatment landscape, this analysis provides insight into the real-world outcomes for patients with MM receiving daratumumab in Korea and reveals that real-world outcomes were improved over results demonstrated in a clinical trial setting.

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Guidelines and consensus for minimal residual disease-adapted therapy in multiple myeloma from the Pan-Pacific multiple myeloma working group
Wenming Chen, Zhen Cai, Chor Sang Chim, Wee Joo Chng, Juan Du, Chengcheng Fu, Wen Gao, Ichiro Hanamura, Jian Hou, Jeffrey Shang-Yi Huang, Tadao Ishida, Chunrui Li, Aijun Liu, Vadim Ptushkin, Naoki Takezako, Raymond Siu Ming Wong, Dok Hyun Yoon
Clinical Hematology International.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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Prognostic Factors for Advanced Gastric Cancer: Stage-stratified Analysis of Patients who Underwent Curative Resection: Joong-Min Park, Woo-Sang Ryu, Jong-Han Kim, Sung-Soo Park, Seung-Joo Kim, Chong-Suk Kim, Young-Jae Mok; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(1):13-18. Published online February 28, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.1.13

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Advanced gastric cancer patients have a poorer prognosis as compared to the patients with early gastric cancer. This study was conducted to define the prognostic factors for advanced gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods

606 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent curative gastric resection at our hospital were retrospectively examined. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 was comprised of patients with a survival time <5 years, and group 2 patients had a survival time ≥5 years. We compared clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups by performing univariate and multivariate analysis. We also investigated the prognostic factors according to the stage.

Results

On univariate analysis, 7 factors (age, tumor size, Borrmann type, resection type, distal resection margin, depth of invasion and lymph node status) were found to be different, and multivariate analysis revealed that patient age, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis were the only significantly differences between the two groups. On the other hand, age and the Borrmann type for stage I b patients, age and the number of retrieved lymph nodes for stage II patients, tumor size for stage III patients, and the type of resection for stage IV patients were found to be the independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion

The age of patients had prognostic value in the early stages of advanced gastric cancers such as stage I b or II. The number greater than 20 retrieved lymph nodes affected the survival, particularly for the patients with stage II disease, and the tumor size was a significant prognostic factor for patients with stage III disease. Therefore, physicians are advised to pay special attention to lymph node dissection for those patients with stage II or III disease.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prognostic evaluation of dirty necrosis and tumor necrosis in gastric cancers
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Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Stage-Dependent Prognostic Impact of Younger Age in Gastric Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
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NRAV promoted the malignant progression of gastric cancer
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Prognostic Significance of Lymph Node Ratio (LNR) in Gastric Cancer in Predicting Postoperative Complications and Survival: A Single-Center Study
Michał Miciak, Krzysztof Jurkiewicz, Przemysław Dzierżek, Julia Rudno-Rudzińska, Wojciech Kielan
Cancers.2025; 17(5): 743. CrossRef
Perioperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer patients with microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Baike Liu, Chaoyong Shen, Xiaonan Yin, Tianxiang Jiang, Yihui Han, Ruiwan Yuan, Yuan Yin, Zhaolun Cai, Bo Zhang
Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic and Clinical Significance of the Positive Lymph Node Ratio in Patients Undergoing Radical Resection for Gastric Cancer
Štefan Kečkéš, Peter Ikhardt, Iveta Waczulíková, Daniel Dyttert, Štefan Nemergut, Daniel Šintál, Gustáv Kováč, Štefan Durdík, Július Palaj
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025; 16(6): 1730. CrossRef
Establishment and evaluation of a prognostic model for patients with unresectable gastric cancer liver metastases
Zheng-Yao Chang, Wen-Xing Gao, Yue Zhang, Wen Zhao, Di Wu, Lin Chen
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2024; 12(13): 2182. CrossRef
Separating lymph node stations by the surgeon from the gastric cancer specimen improves the quality of nodal status evaluation
Aleksi Fernström, Arto Kokkola, Akseli Korpela, Pauli Puolakkainen, Johanna Louhimo
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Dynamic gene screening enabled identification of a 10-gene panel for early detection and progression assessment of gastric cancer
Fei Long, Shuo Li, Yaqi Xu, Min Liu, Xuan Zhang, Junting Zhou, Yiyi Chen, Yuan Rong, Xiangyu Meng, Fubing Wang
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal.2023; 21: 677. CrossRef
Total neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the FOLFIRINOX regimen for locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach and cardioesophageal junction: interim results
M. V. Sedova, M. A. Batov, A. A. Kolomeytseva, V. M. Khomyakov, N. N. Volchenko, A. A. Fedenko
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Association between Environmental Temperature and Survival in Gastroesophageal Cancers: A Population Based Study
Kush Gupta, Anthony George, Kristopher Attwood, Ashish Gupta, Arya Mariam Roy, Shipra Gandhi, Beas Siromoni, Anurag Singh, Elizabeth Repasky, Sarbajit Mukherjee
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Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2022; 53(4): 870. CrossRef
Quantification of the Landscape for Revealing the Underlying Mechanism of Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer
Chong Yu, Jin Wang
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Associated With Geographic Disparities in Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality in the United States
Christopher Ma, Stephen E. Congly, Darius E. Chyou, Katherine Ross-Driscoll, Nauzer Forbes, Erica S. Tsang, Daniel A. Sussman, David S. Goldberg
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[Retracted] Characterization of the Prognostic Values of CXCL Family in Epstein–Barr Virus Associated Gastric Cancer
Li Mu, Shun Hu, Guoping Li, Ping Wu, Caihong Ren, Taiyu Lin, Sheng Zhang, Shao Liang
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Lymph Node Involvement in Advanced Gastric Cancer in the Era of Multimodal Treatment—Oncological and Surgical Perspective
Zuzanna Pelc, Magdalena Skórzewska, Karol Rawicz-Pruszyński, Wojciech P. Polkowski
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Early Weight Loss as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: Analyses from REGARD, RAINBOW, and RAINFALL Phase III Studies
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The Oncologist.2021; 26(9): e1538. CrossRef
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GastroHep.2021; 3(6): 366. CrossRef
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Computational Drug Repositioning for Gastric Cancer using Reversal Gene Expression Profiles
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Early postoperative tumor marker responses provide a robust prognostic indicator for N3 stage gastric cancer
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Clinicopathological and molecular stability and methylation analyses of gastric papillary adenocarcinoma
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Impact of the Surveillance Interval on the Survival of Patients Who Undergo Curative Surgery for Gastric Cancer
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Review of Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia as a Premalignant Lesion of Gastric Cancer
Yo Han Park, Nayoung Kim
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Comparison of clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma, between 2 times periods, at a single institute in China
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