Cancer Research and Treatment

Review Article

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Uterine Cervical Cancer to Reduce Toxicity and Enhance Efficacy – an Option or a Must?: A Narrative Review: Sea-Won Lee, Aeran Kim, Sung Jong Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):1-17. Published online August 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.562

Radiotherapy (RT) is a fundamental modality in treatment of cervical cancer. With advancement of technology, conventional RT used for external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for over half a century has been rapidly replaced with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) especially during the last decade. This newer technique is able to differentiate the intensity of radiation within the same field, thus reduces the inevitable exposure of radiation to normal organs and enables better dose delivery to tumors. Recently, the American Society for Radiation Oncology has released a guideline for RT in cervical cancer. Although a section of the guideline recommends IMRT for the purpose of toxicity reduction, a thorough review of the literature is necessary to understand the current status of IMRT in cervical cancer. This narrative review updates the recent high-level evidences regarding the efficacy and toxicity of IMRT and provides a better understanding of the most innovative techniques currently available for EBRT enabled by IMRT.

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Can knowledge-based planning models validated on ethnically diverse patients lead to global standardisation of external beam radiation therapy for locally advanced cervix cancer?
Jeevanshu Jain, Monica Serban, Marianne Sanggaard Assenholt, Varsha Hande, Jamema Swamidas, Yvette Seppenwoolde, Joanne Alfieri, Kari Tanderup, Supriya Chopra
Radiotherapy and Oncology.2025; 204: 110694. CrossRef
Prediction of recurrence risk of cervical cancer after radiotherapy using multi-sequence MRI radiomics
Jie Chen, Lou Liu, Yi Fu, Lu Zhang, Shuyue Li, Juying Zhou, Chenying Ma
Radiation Medicine and Protection.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Long term clinical outcomes of cervical cancer patients who were recommended surgery but did not undergo it: A SEER database study
Zhaoming Zhang, Hongfu Zhao, Guanghui Cheng
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024; 50(10): 108572. CrossRef
Treatment of secondary uterine malignancy following radiotherapy for cervical cancer: a study based on the SEER database
Xiaojing Tong, Yunyun Xiao, Haozhen Li, Hang Zhang, Jiawen Li
BMC Women's Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Gastrointestinal cancer

One-Week versus Two-Week Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Curative Surgery in Rectal Cancer: Long-Term Comparative Pooled Analysis of Two Prospective Multicenter Phase II Trials: Soo-Yoon Sung, Dae Yong Kim, Hong Seok Jang, Tae Hyun Kim, Hee Chul Park, Eui Kyu Chie, Taek-Keun Nam, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):918-926. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1646

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The optimal short-course chemotherapeutic regimen for rectal cancer has not been clearly defined until now. KROG 10-01 and KROG 11-02 prospective trials investigated the efficacy and safety of 1- and 2-week chemoradiotherapy (CRT), respectively.
Materials and Methods
Patients eligible for KROG 10-01 and KROG 11-02 involved those with clinical T3-4N0-2M0 rectal cancers. They received preoperative CRT and total mesorectal excision. Patients in KROG 10-01 received radiation of 25 Gy in 5 fractions during 1 week with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. Patients in KROG 11-02 received radiation of 33 Gy in 10 fractions for 2 weeks with oral capecitabine.
Results
A total of 150 patients consisting of 70 patients from KROG 10-01 and 80 patients from KROG 11-02 were collectively analyzed. With a median follow-up time of 89.2 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 86.5% in 1-week CRT and 85.3% in 2-week CRT (p=0.841). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 83.5% in 1-week CRT and 77.1% in 2-week CRT (p=0.448). One patient (1.4%) in 1-week CRT and 11 patients (13.8%) in 2-week CRT exhibited pathologic complete regression (ypT0N0M0) after radiotherapy (p=0.006). One-week CRT had significantly higher acute hematologic (12.8% vs. 3.8%, p=0.040) and nonhematologic (38.6% vs. 16.3%, p=0.002) toxicity than 2-week CRT.
Conclusion
Both 1- and 2-week schedules of CRT showed favorable survival outcomes after 7 years of follow-up. But, 2-week course achieved more increased tumor response and decreased acute toxicity than 1-week course.

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Breast cancer

Quality Assessment and Trend for Breast Cancer Treatment Practice across South Korea Based on Nationwide Analysis of Korean Health Insurance Data during 2013-2017: Kyu Hye Choi, Soo-Yoon Sung, Sea-Won Lee, Ye Won Jeon, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):570-579. Published online December 5, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.882

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Quality assessment of breast cancer treatment in South Korea showed the upward standardization of the grade since 2013, but treatment disparities still have existed. This study analyzed the five year trend between 2013 and 2017 in the assessment of breast cancer treatment practice using the Korean health insurance data.
Materials and Methods
All the medical records including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for 7,354 patients a year on average were evaluated. Twenty indices were consisted of one structural, 17 process-related, and 2 result-related factors. We calculated the coefficient of variation (CV) annually to determine the variation in adherence rate of evaluation indices according to the type of institution (advanced vs. general hospital vs. clinic).
Results
Based on the initial assessment in 2013, 10 out of 20 indicators showed significant variation among the types of institutions with a CV of less than 0.1%. Six of them had a CV decline of less than 0.1%. The CV was still 0.1% or higher in the four indicators, including the composition of professional staff, the implementation of target therapy, the average length of hospital stay, and the hospitalization cost. Regarding the first-grade of assessment, there was a statistically significant relationship between the institution type (p=0.029) and region (metropolitan vs. province, p<0.001).
Conclusion
There were disparities in the structural and systemic treatment factors depending on the institutional type. The quality improvement of the regional institutions and multidisciplinary experts for breast cancer is necessary.

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Exploring the experiences of cancer patients: What drives them to seek treatment outside their residential area and what are the experiences resulting from that decision? A qualitative study
Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Haneul Lee, Minsu Ock, Ali Haider Mohammed
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0319650. CrossRef
Contrasting income-based inequalities in incidence and mortality of breast cancer in Korea, 2006-2015
Jinwook Bahk, Hee-Yeon Kang, Young-Ho Khang, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024074. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Current Trends in the Quality Assessment of Colorectal Cancer Practice and Treatment in South Korea during 2012-2017: Kyu Hye Choi, Jin Ho Song, Hong Seok Jang, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):487-496. Published online October 6, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.623

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in South Korea due to westernized eating habits and regular health check-ups. The Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) has conducted a national quality assessment of the treatment of CRC. This study examined the quality assessment report of the Korean HIRA and analyzed the status of practice pattern and the epidemiology of CRC in South Korea.
Materials and Methods
The number of subjects was determined based on the number of surgical procedures in each institution during 2012-2017. The institution types were classified according to the number of beds and the composition of oncologic specialists. Twenty-one indicators for diagnosis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, pathology, and mortality were analyzed and the interinstitutional variation for each indicator was calculated.
Results
Among 21 evaluation indices, indicators related to medical records, receipt of chemotherapy with a high coefficient of variation of ≥ 0.1% were improved over 6 years until the survey in 2017. In the analysis of indices affecting surgical mortality, the regional lymph node resection and examination rate (p=0.022) showed a negative correlation with surgical mortality. Hospitalization stay (p < 0.001) and hospitalization cost (p=0.002) were positively correlated with surgical mortality.
Conclusion
This study showed that the treatment quality and examination status for CRC in South Korea were appropriate for improving relevant medical records, receipt of chemotherapy, maintaining the quality of treatment, and mortality. These analyses could be the basis for developing an improved quality assessment program worldwide.

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Exploring the experiences of cancer patients: What drives them to seek treatment outside their residential area and what are the experiences resulting from that decision? A qualitative study
Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Haneul Lee, Minsu Ock, Ali Haider Mohammed
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0319650. CrossRef
Relationship between patient outcomes and patterns of fragmented cancer care in older adults with gastric cancer: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea
Dong-Woo Choi, Seungju Kim, Sun Jung Kim, Dong Wook Kim, Kwang Sun Ryu, Jae Ho Kim, Yoon-Jung Chang, Kyu-Tae Han
Journal of Geriatric Oncology.2024; 15(2): 101685. CrossRef
Effects of intensive care unit quality assessment on changes in medical staff in medical institutions and in-hospital mortality
Seungju Kim, Gui Ok Kim, Syalrom Lee, Yong Uk Kwon
Human Resources for Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Quality control efforts of medical institutions: the impacts of a value-based payment system on medical staff and healthcare-associated infections
K-T. Han, S. Kim, G.O. Kim, S. Lee, Y.U. Kwon
Journal of Hospital Infection.2024; 153: 3. CrossRef
Quality Assessment and Trend for Breast Cancer Treatment Practice across South Korea Based on Nationwide Analysis of Korean Health Insurance Data during 2013-2017
Kyu Hye Choi, Soo-Yoon Sung, Sea-Won Lee, Ye Won Jeon, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee
Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 55(2): 570. CrossRef
Multidisciplinary treatment strategy for early rectal cancer
Gyung Mo Son, In Young Lee, Sung Hwan Cho, Byung-Soo Park, Hyun Sung Kim, Su Bum Park, Hyung Wook Kim, Sang Bo Oh, Tae Un Kim, Dong Hoon Shin
Precision and Future Medicine.2022; 6(1): 32. CrossRef
Colorectal cancer mortality trends in the era of cancer survivorship in Korea: 2000–2020
Min Hyun Kim, Sanghee Park, Nari Yi, Bobae Kang, In Ja Park
Annals of Coloproctology.2022; 38(5): 343. CrossRef
Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Korean National Health Insurance Database
Woo Sik Yu, Mi Kyung Bae, Jung Kyu Choi, Young Ki Hong, In Kyu Park
Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(4): 1104. CrossRef

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Verification of Low Risk for Perihippocampal Recurrence in Patients with Brain Metastases Who Received Whole-Brain Radiotherapy with Hippocampal Avoidance: Youngkyong Kim, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee, Dae Gyu Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(2):568-575. Published online July 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.206

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of failure and survival outcome in patients with brain metastases who received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with hippocampal avoidance (HA) using simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) on metastatic brain tumors.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 42 patients treated with HA-WBRT for brain metastases. A total of 25 Gy for whole brain and 35-55 Gy for gross tumors were delivered with 10 fractionations. Local tumor and intracranial progression were defined as a recurrence or tumor progression in SIB field and any recurrence or tumor progression within whole brain, respectively. Progression in HA zone was defined as the recurrence within the area expanded 5 mm from HA zone.
Results
Median follow-up duration was 10.0 months (range, 4.1 to 56.4 months). Intracranial progression was observed in 13 patients (31.0%) and the median duration from the start of HA-WBRT to progression was 10.6 months (range, 0.9 to 33.0 months). Local tumor progression and new metastasis outside SIB field occurred in 10 patients (23.8%) and nine patients (21.4%), respectively. There was no isolated hippocampal metastasis, except only one patient (2.4%) with multiple metastases inside and outside HA zone simultaneously. Median survival time and intracranial progression-free survival rate at 1 year were 19.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6 to 29.2) and 71.5%, respectively, and those for overall survival were 26.5 months (95% CI, 15.4 to 37.5) and 67.9%, respectively.
Conclusion
HA-WBRT was associated with low risk of new metastasis in HA region in the patients with brain metastases. These findings would serve as useful guidance on applying HA-WBRT in clinical practice.

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Incidence of hippocampal and perihippocampal brain metastases and impact on hippocampal-avoiding radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Shari Wiegreffe, Gustavo Renato Sarria, Julian Philipp Layer, Egon Dejonckheere, Younèss Nour, Frederic Carsten Schmeel, Frank Anton Giordano, Leonard Christopher Schmeel, Ilinca Popp, Anca-Ligia Grosu, Eleni Gkika, Cas Stefaan Dejonckheere
Radiotherapy and Oncology.2024; 197: 110331. CrossRef
Recommendation for the contouring of limbic system in patients receiving radiation treatment: A pictorial review for the everyday practice and education
Claudia Sorce, Agnieszka Chalaszczyk, Francesca Rossi, Letizia Ferella, Gianmarco Grimaldi, Alessandra Splendiani, Domenico Genovesi, Francesco Marampon, Ester Orlandi, Alberto Iannalfi, Carlo Masciocchi, Giovanni Luca Gravina
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2021; 159: 103229. CrossRef
Dose-Effects Models for Space Radiobiology: An Overview on Dose-Effect Relationships
Lidia Strigari, Silvia Strolin, Alessio Giuseppe Morganti, Alessandro Bartoloni
Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Leukoencephalopathy after prophylactic whole-brain irradiation with or without hippocampal sparing: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging analysis
Michael Mayinger, Johannes Kraft, Niklas Lohaus, Michael Weller, Daniel Schanne, Jana Heitmann, Jonas Willmann, Lotte Wilke, Jérôme Krayenbuehl, Stephanie Tanadini-Lang, Matthias Guckenberger, Nicolaus Andratschke
European Journal of Cancer.2020; 124: 194. CrossRef
Initial experiences with hippocampus-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy for lung cancer patients
M. Nielsen, C. Kristiansen, T. Schytte, O. Hansen
Acta Oncologica.2019; 58(10): 1540. CrossRef

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The Effect of Hospital Case Volume on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Analysis (KROG-1106): Boram Ha, Kwan Ho Cho, Sung Ho Moon, Chang-Geol Lee, Ki Chang Keum, Yeon-Sil Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Jin Ho Kim, Yong Chan Ahn, Dongryul Oh, Jae Myoung Noh, Jong Hoon Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Won Taek Kim, Young-Taek Oh, Min Kyu Kang, Jin Hee Kim, Ji-Yoon Kim, Moon-June Cho, Chul Seoung Kay, Jin Hwa Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):12-23. Published online February 5, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.273

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hospital case volume on clinical outcomes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
Materials and Methods
Data on 1,073 patients with cT1-4N0-3M0 NPC were collected from a multi-institutional retrospective database (KROG 11-06). All patients received definitive radiotherapy (RT) either with three-dimensional-conformal RT (3D-CRT) (n=576) or intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) (n=497). The patients were divided into two groups treated at high volume institution (HVI) (n=750) and low volume institution (LVI) (n=323), defined as patient volume ≥ 10 (median, 13; range, 10 to 18) and < 10 patients per year (median, 3; range, 2 to 6), respectively. Endpoints were overall survival (OS) and loco-regional progression-free survival (LRPFS).
Results
At a median follow-up of 56.7 months, the outcomes were significantly better in those treated at HVI than at LVI. For the 614 patients of propensity score-matched cohort, 5-year OS and LRPFS were consistently higher in the HVI group than in the LVI group (OS: 78.4% vs. 62.7%, p < 0.001; LRPFS: 86.2% vs. 65.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). According to RT modality, significant difference in 5-year OS was observed in patients receiving 3D-CRT (78.7% for HVI vs. 58.9% for LVI, p < 0.001) and not in those receiving IMRT (77.3% for HVI vs. 75.5% for LVI, p=0.170).
Conclusion
A significant relationship was observed between HVI and LVI for the clinical outcomes of patients with NPC. However, the difference in outcome becomes insignificant in the IMRT era, probably due to the standardization of practice by education.

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Accumulated Dose Deviation of Rotational and Residual Setup Errors on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using MIM Treated by Helical Tomotherapy
Wenyan Yao, Jiang Hu, Peixun Xu, Mengxue He, Yongwen Fang, Mingzhi Liu, Zongtai Li, Huilang He, Hui Liu, Wenzhao Sun, Senkui Xu
Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Radiation Therapy Treatment Volume and Patient Outcomes
Jerry Ye Aung Kyaw, Alice Rendall, Erin F. Gillespie, Tom Roques, Laurence Court, Yolande Lievens, Alison C. Tree, Chris Frampton, Ajay Aggarwal
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2023; 117(5): 1063. CrossRef
The Influence of Hospital Volume on the Outcomes of Nasopharyngeal, Sinonasal, and Skull-Base Tumors: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Stephanie Flukes, Rahul K. Sharma, Shivangi Lohia, Marc A. Cohen
Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base.2022; 83(03): 270. CrossRef
A Comprehensive Analysis of Treatment Management and Survival Outcomes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Khodayar Goshtasbi, Brandon M. Lehrich, Jack L. Birkenbeuel, Arash Abiri, Jeremy P. Harris, Edward C. Kuan
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.2021; 165(1): 93. CrossRef
Hospital volume and physician volume in association with survival in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer after radiation therapy
Tzu-Yu Lai, Chiu-Mei Yeh, Yu-Wen Hu, Chia-Jen Liu
Radiotherapy and Oncology.2020; 151: 190. CrossRef

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Redefining the Positive Circumferential Resection Margin by Incorporating Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Treatment Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Multicenter Validation Study: Joo Ho Lee, Eui Kyu Chie, Seung-Yong Jeong, Tae-You Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Sun Young Kim, Ji Yeon Baek, Hee Jin Chang, Min Ju Kim, Sung Chan Park, Jae Hwan Oh, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee, Doo Ho Choi, Hee Chul Park, Sung-Bum Kang, Jae-Sung Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(2):506-517. Published online May 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.607

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study was conducted to validate the prognostic influence of treatment response among patients with positive circumferential resection margin for locally advanced rectal cancer.
Materials and Methods
Clinical data of 197 patientswith positive circumferentialresection margin defined as ≤ 2 mm after preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision between 2004 and 2009were collected forthis multicenter validation study. All patients underwent median 50.4Gy radiationwith concurrentfluoropyrimidine based chemotherapy. Treatmentresponse was dichotomized to good response, including treatmentresponse of grade 2 or 3, and poor response, including grade 0 or 1.
Results
After 52 months median follow-up, 5-year overall survival (OS) for good responders and poor responders was 79.1% and 48.4%, respectively (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, circumferential resection margin involvement and treatment response were a prognosticator for OS and locoregional recurrence-free survival. In subgroup analysis, good responders with close margin showed significantly better survival outcomes for survival. Good responders with involved margin and poor responders with close margin shared similar results, whereas poorresponderswith involved margin hadworst survival (5-year OS, 81.2%, 57.0%, 50.0%, and 32.4%, respectively; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Among patients with positive circumferential resection margin after preoperative chemoradiotherapy, survival of the good responders was significantly better than poor responders. Subgroup analysis revealed that definition of positive circumferential resection margin may be individualized as involvement for good responders, whereas ≤ 2 mm for poor responders.

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Tailored Strategy for Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma (GRECCAR 4): Long-term Results From a Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Phase II Trial
Philippe Rouanet, Eric Rullier, Bernard Lelong, Philippe Maingon, Jean-Jacques Tuech, Denis Pezet, Florence Castan, Stephanie Nougaret
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2022; 65(8): 986. CrossRef
Colorectal Cancer Surgery Quality in Manitoba: A Population-Based Descriptive Analysis
Iresha Ratnayake, Jason Park, Natalie Biswanger, Allison Feely, Grace Musto, Kathleen Decker
Current Oncology.2021; 28(3): 2239. CrossRef

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Erratum

ERRATUM: Role of Chemotherapy in Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with Curative Radiotherapy: Min Kyu Kang, Dongryul Oh, Kwan Ho Cho, Sung Ho Moon, Hong-Gyun Wu, Dae-Seog Heo, Yong Chan Ahn, Keunchil Park, Hyo Jung Park, Jun Su Park, Ki Chang Keum, Jihye Cha, Jun Won Kim, Yeon-Sil Kim, Jin Hyoung Kang, Young-Taek Oh, Ji-Yoon Kim, Sung Hwan Kim, Jin-Hee Kim, Chang Geol Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):425-425. Published online January 10, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.141.2; Corrects: Cancer Res Treat 2015;47(4):871

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Original Articles

Setup Error and Effectiveness of Weekly Image-Guided Radiation Therapy of TomoDirect for Early Breast Cancer: Mi Joo Chung, Guk Jin Lee, Young Jin Suh, Hyo Chun Lee, Sea-Won Lee, Songmi Jeong, Jeong Won Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Dae Gyu Kang, Jong Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):774-780. Published online February 13, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.189

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study investigated setup error and effectiveness of weekly image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) of TomoDirect for early breast cancer. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty-one breasts of 147 consecutive patients who underwent breast conserving surgery followed by whole breast irradiation using TomoDirect in 2012 and 2013 were evaluated. All patients received weekly IGRT. The weekly setup errors from simulation to each treatment in reference to chest wall and surgical clips were measured. Random, systemic, and 3-dimensional setup errors were assessed. Extensive setup error was defined as 5 mm above the margin in any directions.
Results
All mean errors were within 3 mm of all directions. The mean angle of gantry shifts was 0.6°. The mean value of absolute 3-dimensional setup error was 4.67 mm. In multivariate analysis, breast size (odds ratio, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 7.90) was a significant factor for extensive error. The largest significant deviation of setup error was observed in the first week of radiotherapy (p < 0.001) and the deviations gradually decreased with time. The deviation of setup error was 5.68 mm in the first week and within 5 mm after the second week. Conclusion In this study, there was a significant association between breast size and significant setup error in breast cancer patients who received TomoDirect. The largest deviation occurred in the first week of treatment. Therefore, patients with large breasts should be closely observed on every fraction and fastidious attention is required in the first fraction of IGRT.

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Lianzi Zhao, Louzheng Zhang, Yiwen Hu, Yang Zhong
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Quan Chen, Yi Rong, Jay W. Burmeister, Edward H. Chao, Nathan A. Corradini, David S. Followill, X. Allen Li, An Liu, X. Sharon Qi, Hairong Shi, Jennifer B. Smilowitz
Medical Physics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Yipeng He, Sijia Chen, Xiang Gao, Lirong Fu, Zheng Kang, Jun Liu, Liwan Shi, Yimin Li, Akif Enes Arikan
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M.E. Mast, A. Leong, S.S. Korreman, G. Lee, H. Probst, P. Scherer, Y. Tsang
Technical Innovations & Patient Support in Radiation Oncology.2023; 28: 100219. CrossRef
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Hsing-Yi Lee, Yu-Hsiu Yen, Yu-Lun Tsai, Pei-Chih Tu, Chi-Ming Pu, Chia-Hong Lin, Louis Tak Lui, Suzun Shaw, Ching-Jung Wu, Hsin-Hua Nien
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Ioana-Claudia Costin, Loredana G. Marcu
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Postoperative radiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in early breast cancer: A randomized clinical trial of KROG 15-03
Kyu Hye Choi, Sung Ja Ahn, Jae Uk Jeong, Mina Yu, Jin Hee Kim, Bae Kwon Jeong, Joo Hwan Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee
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Jidan Zhou, Shuai Li, Chengwei Ye, Konglong Shen, An Li, Gang Chen, Xiaoyu Li, Sen Bai, Weifeng Wang, Renming Zhong
Journal of Radiation Research.2020; 61(3): 457. CrossRef
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Xihuang pill promotes apoptosis of Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment in 4T1 mouse breast cancer by upregulating MEKK1/SEK1/JNK1/AP-1 pathway
Liang Su, Yiming Jiang, Yu Xu, Xinye Li, Wenbin Gao, Chunwei Xu, Changqian Zeng, Jie Song, Wencai Weng, Wenbo Liang
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Setup errors and effectiveness of Optical Laser 3D Surface imaging system (Sentinel) in postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer
Xiaobo Wei, Mengjiao Liu, Yun Ding, Qilin Li, Changhai Cheng, Xian Zong, Wenming Yin, Jie Chen, Wendong Gu
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Applying human factors engineering methods for hazard identification and mitigation in the radiotherapy process
Mariana Bernardes, Clarissa Trzesniak, Patricia Trbovich, Carlos Henrique Pereira Mello
Safety Science.2018; 109: 270. CrossRef
Compared with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy, image‐guided radiotherapy reduces severity of acute radiation‐induced skin toxicity during radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer
Jang‐Chun Lin, Jo‐Ting Tsai, Yu‐Ching Chou, Ming‐Hsien Li, Wei‐Hsiu Liu
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A topology-based method to mitigate the dosimetric uncertainty caused by the positional variation of the boost volume in breast conservative radiotherapy
Peng-Yi Lee, Chih-Yuan Lin, Shang-Wen Chen, Chun-Ru Chien, Chun-Nan Chu, Hsiu-Ting Hsu, Ji-An Liang, Ying-Jun Lin, An-Cheng Shiau
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Setup deviations for whole-breast radiotherapy with TomoDirect: A comparison of weekly and biweekly image-guided protocols
Jae Hong Jung, Joo-Young Jung, Sun Hyun Bae, Seong Kwon Moon, Kwang Hwan Cho
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Displacement of Surgical Clips during Postoperative Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Breast-Conserving Surgery
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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef

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Role of Chemotherapy in Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with Curative Radiotherapy: Min Kyu Kang, Dongryul Oh, Kwan Ho Cho, Sung Ho Moon, Hong-Gyun Wu, Dae-Seog Heo, Yong Chan Ahn, Keunchil Park, Hyo Jung Park, Jun Su Park, Ki Chang Keum, Jihye Cha, Jun Won Kim, Yeon-Sil Kim, Jin Hyoung Kang, Young-Taek Oh, Ji-Yoon Kim, Sung Hwan Kim, Jin-Hee Kim, Chang Geol Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):871-878. Published online February 13, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.141; Correction in: Cancer Res Treat 2016;48(1):425

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
To define the role of neoadjuvant and concurrent chemotherapy in stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we compared the treatment outcomes of patients treated with curative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Materials and Methods From 2004 to 2011, 138 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 2002 stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with curative radiotherapy in 12 hospitals in South Korea. Treatment methods included radiotherapy alone in 34 patients, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy alone in seven, concurrent chemoradiotherapy in 80, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in 17. Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in 42 patients. Total radiation dose ranged from 64 Gy to 74.2 Gy (median, 70 Gy).
Results
Median follow-up was 48 months (range, 7 to 97 months) for all patients. At the last followup, 13 patients had died and 32 had experienced treatment failure; locoregional failure occurred in 14, distant failure in 16, and both in two. Five-year locoregional relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 86.2%, 85.5%, 74.4%, and 88.2%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that the significant prognostic factors were concurrent chemotherapy and N stage for locoregional relapse-free survival, concurrent chemotherapy for progression-free survival, and age and N stage for overall survival. Neither neoadjuvant nor concurrent chemotherapy improved distant metastasis-free survival. Conclusion Concurrent chemotherapy significantly improved 5-year locoregional relapse-free survival and progression-free survival in stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy failed to improve either.

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Concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in older patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma after intensity-modulated radiotherapy: A propensity score-matched cohort study
Fang Wang, Lu Zhou, Li-Jun Zhang, Chang-Bin Xie, Zhi-Wei Liao, Xiao-Dan Lin, Yue-Feng Wen
Radiotherapy and Oncology.2024; 191: 110081. CrossRef
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Comparing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy With Radiotherapy Alone in the Treatment of Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Yao-Can Xu, Kai-Hua Chen, Zhong-Guo Liang, Xiao-Dong Zhu
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
MRI-identified multidimensional nodal features predict survival and concurrent chemotherapy benefit for stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Yang Liu, Jianghu Zhang, Jingbo Wang, Runye Wu, Xiaodong Huang, Kai Wang, Yuan Qu, Xuesong Chen, Yexiong Li, Ye Zhang, Junlin Yi
Radiology and Oncology.2022; 56(4): 479. CrossRef
The efficacy of chemotherapy in survival of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Xin-Bin Pan, Ling Li, Song Qu, Long Chen, Shi-Xiong Liang, Xiao-Dong Zhu
Oral Oncology.2020; 101: 104520. CrossRef
Survival of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with or without concurrent chemotherapy: A propensity score matching study
Di‐Han Liu, Xiao‐Yu Zhou, You‐Guang Pan, Si Chen, Zheng‐Hao Ye, Gang‐Dong Chen
Cancer Medicine.2020; 9(4): 1287. CrossRef
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy With or Without Induction Chemotherapy for Patients with Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Update
Ting Jin, Qun Zhang, Dong-Hua Luo, Feng Jiang, Qi-Feng Jin, Yuan-Yuan Chen, Xiao-Zhong Chen, Wei-Min Mao
Translational Oncology.2020; 13(1): 25. CrossRef
Predictive factors of chemotherapy use in stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Xin-Bin Pan, Shi-Ting Huang, Kai-Hua Chen, Yan-Ming Jiang, Xiao-Dong Zhu
Medicine.2019; 98(7): e14512. CrossRef
The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Retrospective analysis of the national cancer database
Zaheer Ahmed, Lara Kujtan, Kevin Kennedy, Valerie Wood, David Schomas, Janakiraman Subramanian
Cancer Medicine.2019; 8(4): 1500. CrossRef
Patterns of Failure and Survival Trends in 3,808 Patients with Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosed from 1990 to 2012: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study
Xue-Song Sun, Di-Han Liu, Sai-Lan Liu, Qiu-Yan Chen, Shan-Shan Guo, Yue-Feng Wen, Li-Ting Liu, Hao-Jun Xie, Qing-Nan Tang, Yu-Jing Liang, Xiao-Yun Li, Jin-Jie Yan, Ming-Huang Hong, Jun Ma, Lin-Quan Tang, Hai-Qiang Mai
Cancer Research and Treatment.2019; 51(4): 1449. CrossRef
Combined chemoradiation vs radiation therapy alone in stage-II nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis of the published literature
Sufang Wang, Shan Li, Liangfang Shen
Current Problems in Cancer.2018; 42(3): 302. CrossRef
The efficacy of induction chemotherapy in the treatment of stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma in intensity modulated radiotherapy era
Pei-Jing Li, Hao-Yuan Mo, Dong-Hua Luo, Wei-Han Hu, Ting Jin
Oral Oncology.2018; 85: 95. CrossRef
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy degrades the quality of life of patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma as compared to radiotherapy
Xin-Bin Pan, Shi-Ting Huang, Kai-Hua Chen, Yan-Ming Jiang, Jia-Lin Ma, Song Qu, Ling Li, Long Chen, Xiao-Dong Zhu
Oncotarget.2017; 8(8): 14029. CrossRef
Chemotherapy use and survival in stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Xin-Bin Pan, Shi-Ting Huang, Kai-Hua Chen, Xiao-Dong Zhu
Oncotarget.2017; 8(60): 102573. CrossRef
Long-term survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with Stage II in intensity-modulated radiation therapy era
Qiaojuan Guo, Tianzhu Lu, Shaojun Lin, Jingfeng Zong, Zhuhong Chen, Xiaofei Cui, Yu Zhang, Jianji Pan
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2016; 46(3): 241. CrossRef
Comparison of the efficacy between concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy alone for stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Kai-Hua Chen, Xiao-Dong Zhu, Ling Li, Song Qu, Zhen-Qiang Liang, Xia Liang, Xin-Bin Pan, Zhong-Guo Liang, Yan-Ming Jiang
Oncotarget.2016; 7(42): 69041. CrossRef
Propensity score matching analysis of cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy in low risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy era
Lu-Ning Zhang, Yuan-Hong Gao, Xiao-Wen Lan, Jie Tang, Zhen Su, Jun Ma, Wuguo Deng, Pu-Yun OuYang, Fang-Yun Xie
Oncotarget.2015; 6(41): 44019. CrossRef

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GRP78 Protein Expression as Prognostic Values in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Laparoscopic Surgery for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Hee Yeon Lee, Ji-Han Jung, Hyun-Min Cho, Sung Hwan Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Hyung-Jin Kim, Jong Hoon Lee, Byoung Yong Shim; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):804-812. Published online January 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.121

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
We investigated the relationships between biomarkers related to endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins (glucose-regulated protein of molecular mass 78 [GRP78] and Cripto-1 [teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 protein]), pathologic response, and prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer. Materials and Methods All clinical stage II and III rectal cancer patients received 50.4 Gy over 5.5 weeks, plus 5- fluorouracil (400 mg/m2/day) and leucovorin (20 mg/m2/day) bolus on days 1 to 5 and 29 to 33, and surgery was performed at 7 to 10 weeks after completion of all therapies. Expression of GRP78 and Cripto-1 proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry and was assessed in 101 patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).
Results
High expression of GRP78 and Cripto-1 proteins was observed in 86 patients (85.1%) and 49 patients (48.5%), respectively. Low expression of GRP78 protein was associated with a significantly high rate of down staging (80.0% vs. 52.3%, respectively; p=0.046) and a significantly low rate of recurrence (0% vs. 33.7%, respectively; p=0.008) compared with high expression of GRP78 protein. Mean recurrence-free survival according to GRP78 expression could not be estimated because the low expression group did not develop recurrence events but showed a significant correlation with time to recurrence, based on the log rank method (p=0.007). GRP78 also showed correlation with overall survival, based on the log rank method (p=0.045). Conclusion GRP78 expression is a predictive and prognostic factor for down staging, recurrence, and survival in rectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin neoadjuvant CRT.

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Is GRP78 (Glucose-regulated protein 78) a prognostic biomarker in differents types of cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Natália Souza dos Santos, Douglas Rodrigues Gonçalves, Bianca Balbinot, Fernanda Visioli
Pathology - Research and Practice.2023; 242: 154301. CrossRef
GRP78 is Overexpressed in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Tissues and is Associated with High VEGF Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study
Maha Al-Keilani, Mohammad A. Alqudah, Basima Almomani, Moath M. Alrjoub, Batool A. Shhabat, Karem Alzoubi
Current Cancer Drug Targets.2023; 23(10): 805. CrossRef
GRP78 expression and prognostic significance in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant therapy versus surgery first
Yi Tat Tong, Hua Wang, Dongguang Wei, Laura R. Prakash, Michael Kim, Ching-Wei D. Tzeng, Jeffrey E. Lee, Asif Rashid, Eugene J. Koay, Robert A. Wolff, Anirban Maitra, Matthew HG. Katz, Huamin Wang
Pancreatology.2021; 21(7): 1378. CrossRef
Exosomal ERp44 derived from ER-stressed cells strengthens cisplatin resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Tian Xia, Hui Tian, Kaiwen Zhang, Siyu Zhang, Wenhui Chen, Si Shi, Yiwen You
BMC Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
BCAP31, a cancer/testis antigen-like protein, can act as a probe for non-small-cell lung cancer metastasis
Jing Wang, Dongbo Jiang, Zichao Li, Shuya Yang, Jiayi Zhou, Guanwen Zhang, Zixin Zhang, Yuanjie Sun, Zhipei Zhang, Xiaofei Li, Liang Tao, Jingqi Shi, Yuchen Lu, Lianhe Zheng, Chaojun Song, Kun Yang
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Value of Cripto-1 Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yuanfeng Wei, Jinfang Jiang, Chengyan Wang, Hong Zou, Xihua Shen, Wei Jia, Shan Jin, Lu Zhang, Jianming Hu, Lan Yang, Lijuan Pang
Biomarkers in Medicine.2020; 14(4): 317. CrossRef
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Tianming Zhao, Juan Du, Hui Zeng
Journal of Hematology & Oncology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Dual role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Signaling Pathway in Carcinogenesis
Natalia Siwecka, Wioletta Rozpędek, Dariusz Pytel, Adam Wawrzynkiewicz, Adam Dziki, Łukasz Dziki, J. Alan Diehl, Ireneusz Majsterek
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 20(18): 4354. CrossRef
Clinical and Pathological Significance of ER Stress Marker (BiP/GRP78 and PERK) Expression in Malignant Melanoma
Akira Shimizu, Kyoichi Kaira, Masahito Yasuda, Takayuki Asao, Osamu Ishikawa
Pathology & Oncology Research.2017; 23(1): 111. CrossRef
Effects of gene polymorphisms in the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway on clinical outcomes of chemoradiotherapy in Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Xiao-bin Guo, Wan-le Ma, Li-juan Liu, Yu-ling Huang, Jing Wang, Li-hua Huang, Xiang-dong Peng, Ji-ye Yin, Jin-gao Li, Shao-jun Chen, Guo-ping Yang, Hui Wang, Cheng-xian Guo
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica.2017; 38(4): 571. CrossRef
The meta and bioinformatics analysis of GRP78 expression in gastric cancer
Hua-Chuan Zheng, Bao-Cheng Gong, Shuang Zhao
Oncotarget.2017; 8(42): 73017. CrossRef
Endoplasmic reticulum ribosome-binding protein 1, RRBP1, promotes progression of colorectal cancer and predicts an unfavourable prognosis
Y Pan, F Cao, A Guo, W Chang, X Chen, W Ma, X Gao, S Guo, C Fu, J Zhu
British Journal of Cancer.2015; 113(5): 763. CrossRef

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Postoperative Radiotherapy Alone Versus Chemoradiotherapy in Stage I-II Endometrial Carcinoma: An Investigational and Propensity Score Matching Analysis: Jong Hoon Lee, Hyo Chun Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Mi Joo Chung, Song Mi Jeong, Sung Jong Lee, Joo Hee Yoon, Dong Choon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(2):298-305. Published online September 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.038

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the results of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in stage I-II endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods We analyzed a total of 64 patients with surgically staged I-II endometrial carcinoma who were treated with postoperative adjuvant RT or concurrent CRT between March 1999 and July 2013. Thirty-two patients who received postoperative RT alone were matched with those who received postoperative CRT (n=32) in accordance to age, stage, and tumor histology. Overall survival and relapse-free survival, as well as toxicity of the RT and CRT arms were evaluated and compared. Results The 5-year overall survival rate was 90.0% for the RT arm and 91.6% for the CRT arm. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the two treatment arms (p=0.798). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 87.2% in the RT arm and 88.0% in the CRT arm. Again, no significant difference in relapse-free survival was seen between the two arms (p=0.913). In a multivariate analysis, tumor histology was an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (hazard ratio, 3.67; 95% of CI, 2.34 to 7.65; p=0.045). Acute grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities in the CRT arm were significantly higher than in the RT alone arm (6.2% vs. 31.2%, p=0.010). Conclusion Adjuvant pelvic concurrent chemoradioherapy did not show superior results in overall survival and relapse-free survival compared to RT alone in stage I-II endometrial carcinoma.

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Impacts of Postoperative Adjuvant Therapies on the Survival of Women with High-Risk Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: A Cohort Study
Hee Joong Lee, Banghyun Lee
Cancers.2025; 17(2): 187. CrossRef
Adjuvant Therapy Use and Survival in Stage II Endometrial Cancer
Nataniel H. Lester-Coll, Melissa R. Young, Henry S. Park, Elena S. Ratner, Babak Litkouhi, Shari Damast
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2017; 27(9): 1904. CrossRef

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The Efficacy of External Beam Radiotherapy for Airway Obstruction in Lung Cancer Patients: Jeong Won Lee, Jong Hoon Lee, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Byoung Yong Shim, Ho Jung An, Sung Hwan Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(2):189-196. Published online September 12, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.261

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in lung cancer patients who suffer from airway obstruction. Materials and Methods Medical data of 95 patients with a lung mass that obstructed the airway and received EBRT for it were analyzed. Fifty-nine patients (62.1%) had non-small cell lung cancer and 36 patients (37.9%) had small cell lung cancer. Radiotherapy was given at 8 to 45 Gy (median, 30 Gy) in 1 to 15 fractions (median, 10 fractions). The response to EBRT was assessed through changes in radiographic findings and/or subjective symptoms between before and after EBRT. The median follow-up duration was 124 days. The primary end point was the airway-obstruction resolving rate after EBRT. The secondary end points were patient survival and toxic effects of EBRT. Results Improvement of airway obstruction after EBRT on chest X-ray was achieved in 75 of 95 patients (78.9%). The median time for resolving the radiologic findings and/or symptoms of airway obstruction after EBRT was 7 days (range, 1 to 76 days). The 1-year survival rate was significantly higher in responders than non-responders (12.5% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001). The biologically effective dose of ≥ 39 Gyα/β=10 (p < 0.01) and the longest obstructive lesion of < 6 cm (p=0.04) were significantly associated with a good response to EBRT in resolving the airway obstruction. No one had grade 3 or higher acute and chronic toxicities. Conclusion EBRT is an effective treatment in relieving airway obstruction without severe toxicities in lung cancer patients.

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Malignant Central Airway Obstruction
Erik Vakil, Melissa Wang
Clinics in Chest Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
External Beam Radiotherapy for Malignant Central Airway Obstruction in a Remote Rural Patient: A Case Study
Eoin Collins, Druva Mitra, Scott Carruthers
Case Reports in Oncology.2024; 17(1): 1301. CrossRef
Mid-treatment adaptive planning during thoracic radiation using 68 Ventilation-Perfusion Positron emission tomography
Nicholas Bucknell, Nicholas Hardcastle, Roshini Gunewardena, Long Nguyen, Jason Callahan, David Ball, Lisa Selbie, Tomas Kron, Guy-Anne Turgeon, Michael S. Hofman, Shankar Siva
Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology.2023; 40: 100599. CrossRef
Efficacy and Survival after Palliative Radiotherapy for Malignant Pulmonary Obstruction
Adam G. Johnson, Michael H. Soike, Michael K. Farris, Ryan T. Hughes
Journal of Palliative Medicine.2022; 25(1): 46. CrossRef
Therapeutic Rigid Bronchoscopy Intervention for Malignant Central Airway Obstruction Improves Performance Status to Allow Systemic Treatment
Edward Y.C. Lee, Annette M. McWilliams, Matthew R. Salamonsen
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology.2022; 29(2): 93. CrossRef
Malignant Central Airway Obstruction: What's New?
Brian D. Shaller, Darius Filsoof, Jorge M. Pineda, Thomas R. Gildea
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.2022; 43(04): 512. CrossRef
Combination of Palliative Thoracic Radiotherapy With Bevacizumab for Stage IV Nonsquamous NSCLC: Is There Any Impact of Time Interval on Survival?
Weigang Xiu, Xiaotong Guo, Min Yu, Yanying Li, Yong Xu, Jiang Zhu, Jingjing Luo
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
First-In-Human Computer-Optimized Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy for Patients With Extrabronchial or Endobronchial Obstructing Malignancies
Nathaniel M. Ivanick, Emily R. Oakley, Rajesh Kunadharaju, Craig Brackett, David A. Bellnier, Lawrence M. Tworek, Sergei N. Kurenov, Sandra O. Gollnick, Alan D. Hutson, Theresa M. Busch, Gal Shafirstein
JTO Clinical and Research Reports.2022; 3(10): 100372. CrossRef
Electrospray Mediated Localized and Targeted Chemotherapy in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer
Paulius Ruzgys, Stephan Böhringer, Ayse Sila Dokumaci, Yvonne Hari, Christian M. Schürch, Frido Brühl, Stefan Schürch, Sönke Szidat, Carsten Riether, Saulius Šatkauskas, Thomas Geiser, David Hradetzky, Amiq Gazdhar
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of radiotherapy in the management of malignant airway obstruction
Hoon Sik Choi, Bae Kwon Jeong, Hojin Jeong, In Bong Ha, Ki Mun Kang
Thoracic Cancer.2020; 11(8): 2163. CrossRef
Prospective Multicentered Safety and Feasibility Pilot for Endobronchial Intratumoral Chemotherapy
Lonny Yarmus, Christopher Mallow, Jason Akulian, Cheng Ting Lin, David Ettinger, Russell Hales, Kinh Ranh Voong, Hans Lee, David Feller-Kopman, Roy Semaan, Kirk Seward, Momen M. Wahidi
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Functional airway obstruction observed with hyperpolarized 129Xenon‐MRI
Erin J Song, Chris R Kelsey, Bastiaan Driehuys, Leith Rankine
Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology.2018; 62(1): 91. CrossRef
Endobronchial brachytherapy in the management of lung malignancies: 20 years of experience in an Australian center
Matthew C. Knox, Andrej Bece, Joseph Bucci, John Moses, Peter H. Graham
Brachytherapy.2018; 17(6): 973. CrossRef

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Predictors of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases (ALNM) in a Korean Population with T1-2 Breast Carcinoma: Triple Negative Breast Cancer has a High Incidence of ALNM Irrespective of the Tumor Size: Jong Hoon Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Young Jin Suh, Byoung Yong Shim, Hoon Kyo Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(1):30-36. Published online March 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2010.42.1.30

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

We estimated the likelihood of breast cancer patients having axillary lymph node metastases (ALNM) based on a variety of clinical and pathologic factors.

Materials and Methods

Three hundred sixty-one breast cancer patients without distant metastases and who underwent breast conserving surgery and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (level I and II) or modified radical mastectomy (MRM) were identified, and we retrospectively reviewed their pathology records and treatment charts.

Results

Positive axillary lymph nodes were detected in 104 patients for an overall incidence of 28.8%: 2 patients (5%) with T1a tumor, 5 (9.2%) with T1b tumor, 24 (21.8%) with T1c tumor and 73 (44.2%) with T2 tumor. On the multivariate analysis, an increased tumor size (adjusted OR=11.87, p=0.02), the presence of lymphovascular invasion (adjusted OR=7.41, p<0.01), a triple negative profile (ER/PR-, Her2-) (adjusted OR=2.09, p=0.04) and a palpable mass at the time of diagnosis (adjusted OR=2.31, p=0.03) were all significant independent factors for positive ALNM.

Conclusion

In our study, the tumor size, the presence of lymphovascular invasion, a triple negative profile and a palpable mass were the independent predictive factors for ALNM. The tumor size was the strongest predictor of ALNM. Thus, the exact estimation of the extent of tumor is necessary for clinicians to optimize the patients' care. Patients with a triple negative profile have a high incidence of ALNM irrespective of the tumor size.

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Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With an Initial Diagnosis of Cytology-Proven Lymph Node-Positive Breast Cancer
Katsutoshi Enokido, Chie Watanabe, Seigo Nakamura, Akiko Ogiya, Tomo Osako, Futoshi Akiyama, Akiyo Yoshimura, Hiroji Iwata, Shinji Ohno, Yasuyuki Kojima, Koichiro Tsugawa, Kazuyoshi Motomura, Naoki Hayashi, Hideko Yamauchi, Nobuaki Sato
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Riccardo Ponzone, Fiorella Ruatta, Marco Gatti, Isabella Castellano, Elena Geuna, Giulia Amato, Franziska Kubatzki, Paola Sgandurra, Anna Sapino, Filippo Montemurro
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Ahmed R.H. Ahmed
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Manjulata Singh, Shilpaa Mukundan, Maria Jaramillo, Steffi Oesterreich, Shilpa Sant
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Z. Chu, H. Lin, X. Liang, R. Huang, J. Tang, Y. Bao, J. Jiang, Q. Zhan, X. Zhou
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Tufale A. Dass, Sharma Rakesh, K. Patil Prakash, Chandraveer Singh
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Setup Error and Effectiveness of Weekly Image-Guided Radiation Therapy of TomoDirect for Early Breast Cancer
Mi Joo Chung, Guk Jin Lee, Young Jin Suh, Hyo Chun Lee, Sea-Won Lee, Songmi Jeong, Jeong Won Lee, Sung Hwan Kim, Dae Gyu Kang, Jong Hoon Lee
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Results of Postoperative Radiation Therapy in 77 Patients of Breast Cancer: Yeon Shil Kim, Hong Seok Jang, Mi Ryeong Ryu, Sung Hwan Kim, Sang Sul Chung, Sei Chul Yoon, In Chul Kim, Kyung Sub Shinn; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(6):1049-1060.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effect of postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy of breast cancer on survival, failure patterns and to identify unfavorable prognostic factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventy-seven patients were analysed retrospectively. Median follow up period was 72 months. According to AJCC system, fifty-eight patients (75%) were advanced than Stage IIb. Among 77 patients, 66 patients (86%) received mastectomy and axillary LN dissection and the other 11 patients (14%) received partial mastectomy and axillary LN dissection. Postoperative radiation therapy with 6 MV X-ray was given to the chest wall and regional lymphatics with total dose of 50 to 55 Gy. Fifty-five patients (71%) received CMF or CAF chemotherapy prior to or after radiation therapy.
RESULTS
The 5 year and 10 year survival rate were 64.4% and 51.3%, respectively and 5 year and 10 year disease free survival rate were 57.6% and 47.5%, respectively. Median survival duration was 91 months. Of the 77 patients, 59 patients were evaluable for pattern of failure. Of these, eighteen patients (31%) failed. Initial failure pattern was as follow: 7 (12%) at locoregional, 3 (5%) in distant metastasis, 8 (14%) with locoregional and distant metastasis. But the pattern of final failure at the time of last follow up was contrasted. Distanf failure was the predominant pattern of failure with 29% of patients. Overall survival and disease free survival was significantly influenced by 6 factors with univariated analysis (p<0.05): AJC Stage, T stage, N Stage, number of involved axilliary LN, SCL LN mets, failure pattern. By multivariate analysis the survival difference continued to be significant in 3 factors : T stage, number of involved axillary LN, failure pattern.
CONCLUSION
These data demonstrate high locoregional control and survival rate using the combination of surgery and radiotherapy for the patients with locally advanced breast cancer. But predominant failure pattern was distant dissemination. Therefore more effective systemic therapy is needed to improve overall survival.

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Studies of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Tissue from Human G . I Cancer: Suen Woo Back, Chung Yong Kim, Young Don Min, Sung Hwan Kim, Cheun Gyu Park, Byung Lae Lee; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(1):35-44.

Abstract PDF: The free radical-mediated oxidations of biologic molecules, membranes, and tissues are now accepted to be related with cancer, aging and other variety of pathologic events. Natural de- fence mechanisms against oxygen free radical damage include superoxide dismutase(SOD) which converts superoxide to H,Ocatalase, and glutathion peraxidase which decomposes H202. Many studies have been made on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in tumor. To evaluate the relationship between GI cancer and antioxidant enzyme, we measured SOD and catalase in tissues from cancer patients. The following relations of specific activities in tissues from cancer and normal were found: catalase 60.31+- 8.05 U/mg protein to 60.84 +- 11.93 U/mg protein in stomach cancer patients, 67.52 +- 9.9l U/mg protein to 65.16+- 2.69 U/mg protein in rectal cancer patients(P > 0.05): Cutn SOD 1.53+-0.38 U/mg protein to 1.49+-0.49U/mg protein in stomach cancer patients 1.88+-0.09U/mg protein to 1.89+-0.20 U/mg protein in rectal cancer patients(P>0.05): Mn SOD 0.32 +- 0.10 U/mg protein to 0.50+-0.08 U/mg protein in stomach cancer patients 0.26+-0.05 U/mg protein to 0.36+ 0.05 U/mg protein to 0.36+-0.05 U/mg protein in rectal cancer patients(P<0.01). In Dot-blot, Cutn SOD mRNA densities were not changed in cancer tissues compaired with normal tissues, but, Mn SOD mRNA densities were decreased in cancer tissues compaired with normal tissues. In conclusion, decrease of Mn SOD activities results from decrease of Mn SOD mRNA in GI cancer patients.

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