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11 "Sun Min Lim"
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Original Article
Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Combination Therapy with a MET TKI Vabametkib and a Third-Generation EGFR TKI Lazertinib in MET-Amplified EGFR-Mutant NSCLC
Dong Kwon Kim, Jin Woo Park, Hyeon Bin Cho, Su Jin Choi, Sung Sook Lee, YeongMun Kim, Jii Bum Lee, Sun Min Lim, Mi Ra Yu, Byoung Chul Cho
Received December 23, 2025  Accepted March 18, 2026  Published online March 31, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.1399    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKIs) improved outcomes in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the subsequent development of resistance emphasizes the necessity of overcoming this therapeutic limitation. MET amplification is one of the major resistance mechanism in EGFR-mutant NSCLC, bypassing EGFR inhibition by activating cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. Combining MET- and EGFR-TKIs is thus emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance to EGFR TKIs.
Materials and Methods
This study aimed to investigate the combination of the selective MET TKI vabametkib and a third-generation EGFR TKI lazertinib in MET-amplified EGFR TKI resistance models. Inhibition of downstream signaling and cell proliferation by vabametkib plus lazertinib were evaluated in osimertinib-resistance NSCLC cell lines (HCC827-AR) and patient-derived organoid (YUO-010) by western blot and Cell Titer-Glo assay.
Results
In vitro studies demonstrated that vabametkib plus lazertinib synergistically inhibited EGFR/MET phosphorylation, leading to markedly enhanced anti-proliferative effects through downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway blockade. To investigate the antitumor effects in in vivo, we employed two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (YHIM-1035(1) and YHIM-1053) harboring MET amplification, as characterized by whole-exome sequencing or droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Consistent with the in vitro findings, treatment with vabametkib plus lazertinib produced pronounced suppression of tumor growth in both models through a synergistic mechanism.
Conclusion
These findings establish vabametkib plus lazertinib as a promising strategy for MET-amplified NSCLC, currently under evaluation in an ongoing phase II clinical trial (NCT05541822).
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Special Article
Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Solid Cancer: A Joint Report from KSMO and KSP
Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun Min Lim, Han Sang Kim, Choong-kun Lee, Jee Hung Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Jina Yun, So Yeon Park, Hye Seung Lee, Yong Mee Cho, Soo Jeong Nam, Kiyong Na, Sun Och Yoon, Ahwon Lee, Kee-Taek Jang, Hongseok Yun, Sungyoung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Wan-Seop Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):721-742.   Published online November 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1043
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based genetic testing has become crucial in cancer care. While its primary objective is to identify actionable genetic alterations to guide treatment decisions, its scope has broadened to encompass aiding in pathological diagnosis and exploring resistance mechanisms. With the ongoing expansion in NGS application and reliance, a compelling necessity arises for expert consensus on its application in solid cancers. To address this demand, the forthcoming recommendations not only provide pragmatic guidance for the clinical use of NGS but also systematically classify actionable genes based on specific cancer types. Additionally, these recommendations will incorporate expert perspectives on crucial biomarkers, ensuring informed decisions regarding circulating tumor DNA panel testing.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Long-Term Response Without Immune-Related Adverse Events to Atezolizumab Treatment in TMB-High Thymoma: A Case Report from the KOSMOS-II Study
    In Hee Lee, Moonsik Kim, An Na Seo, Soo Jung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(3): 958.     CrossRef
  • Real-World Genomic Landscape of Korean Gastric Cancer: Integrating Biomarker Associations and Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Gastric Cancer
    Seong-Keun Yoo, Soomin Ahn, Jinha Hwang, Jongwu Kim, Yunjin Go, Minsuk Kwon, Sung Hee Lim, Seung Tae Kim, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Jeeyun Lee
    JCO Precision Oncology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Real-World Data: Implementation and Outcomes of Next-Generation Sequencing in the MENA Region
    Rami Mahfouz, Reine Abou Zeidane, Tasnim Diab, Ali Tarhini, Eman Sbaity, Houry Kazarian, Yomna El Zibaoui, Nour Sabiha Naji, Mounir Barake, Hazem I. Assi
    Diagnostics.2025; 15(10): 1183.     CrossRef
  • Exploring PIXE Applications in Oncology: A Comprehensive Review
    G. J. Naga Raju
    International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology.2025; : 261.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Web of Science
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Original Article
Head and Neck cancer
A Phase II Trial of Nintedanib in Patients with Metastatic or Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: In-Depth Analysis of Nintedanib Arm from the KCSG HN 15-16 TRIUMPH Trial
Kyoo Hyun Kim, Sun Min Lim, Hee Kyung Ahn, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Keun-Wook Lee, Myung-Ju Ahn, Bhumsuk Keam, Hye Ryun Kim, Hyun Woo Lee, Ho Jung An, Jin-Soo Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):37-47.   Published online July 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.433
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Precision oncology approach for recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is necessary due to its dismal prognosis. We performed a genomic profile-based umbrella trial of patients with platinum-refractory HNSCC (KCSG-TRIUMPH). Here, we present an in-depth report of the the nintedanib arm (arm 3) of the current trial.
Materials and Methods
The TRIUMPH study was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial, in which patients were assigned to treatment arms based on next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based, matching genomic profiles. Patients whose tumors harbor fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alteration were enrolled in the nintedanib arm (arm 3) as part of the TRIUMPH study. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), safety, and biomarker analysis.
Results
Between October 2017 and August 2020, 207 were enrolled in the TRIUMPH study, and eight were enrolled in the nintedanib arm. ORR and disease control rate were 42.9% and 57.1%, respectively. The median PFS was 5.6 months and the median duration of response was 9.1 months. Median OS was 11.1 months. One patient maintained the partial response for 36 months. Overall, the toxicity profiles were manageable.
Conclusion
Single-agent nintedanib has demonstrated significant efficacy in FGFR-mutated, recurrent or metastatic HNSCC patients, with tolerable toxicity profiles. The results from the study have provided the basis for routine NGS screening and FGFR-targeted therapy. Because of the small number of patients due to slow accrual in this study, further studies with a larger cohort are warranted for statistical power.

Citations

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  • Predictive and Prognostic Value of p16 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Molecular Targeted Agents or Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Subgroup Analysis of the TRIUMPH Study
    Hyerim Ha, Sang Hoon Chun, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Hyun Chang, Jang Ho Cho, Der Sheng Sun, Sang Hee Cho, Jung Hye Kwon, Kyoung Eun Lee, In Gyu Hwang, Hyo Jung Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Seong Hoon Shin, Sung-Bae Kim, Joo Hang Kim, Hwan Jung Yun
    Cancer Investigation.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • GARD: Genomic Data-Based Drug Repurposing in Head and Neck Cancer with Large Language Model Validation
    Pradham Tanikella, William Nenad, Christophe Courtine, Yifan Dai, Qingying Deng, Baiming Zou, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Travis P. Schrank, Di Wu
    Cancers.2026; 18(5): 757.     CrossRef
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    Daowen Luo, Sirinart Kumfu, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
    Biochemical Pharmacology.2025; 235: 116845.     CrossRef
  • Functional Characterization of Variants of Unknown Significance of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors 1-4 and Comparison With AI Model–Based Prediction
    Martin Ziegler, Nadira Khoury, Louisa Maxine Hommerich, Heike Adler, Sonja Loges
    JCO Precision Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and biological impact of clinically relevant gene fusions in head and neck cancers
    Emily L. Hoskins, Raven Vella, Julie W. Reeser, Michele R. Wing, Eric Samorodnitsky, Altan Turkoglu, Leah Stein, Elizabeth Breuning, Zachary A. Risch, Wilnelly M. Hernandez-Sanchez, Lianbo Yu, Michelle Churchman, Nancy Single, Jad Chahoud, Antonio Jimeno,
    npj Precision Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    HYEON JI KIM, BO KYUNG JOO, JIN-SEOK BYUN, DO-YEON KIM
    Oncology Research.2025; 33(6): 1271.     CrossRef
  • One-pot synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new quinoline/pyrimido-diazepines as pulmonary antifibrotic agents
    Michael Atef Fawzy, Karim Hagag Ibrahim, Ashraf A Aly, Asmaa H Mohamed, Sara Mohamed Naguib Abdel Hafez, Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher, Eslam B Elkaeed, Aisha A Alsfouk, El-Shimaa MN Abdelhafez
    Future Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 16(21): 2211.     CrossRef
  • Critical review of the current and future prospects of VEGF-TKIs in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
    Prashant Puttagunta, Saagar V. Pamulapati, James E. Bates, Jennifer H. Gross, William A. Stokes, Nicole C. Schmitt, Conor Steuer, Yong Teng, Nabil F. Saba
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 8 Web of Science
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Erratum
ERRATUM: Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing and the Molecular Tumor Board for Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Report from KSMO and KCSG Precision Medicine Networking Group
Shinkyo Yoon, Miso Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Han Sang Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jihun Kim, Hongseok Yun, Changhoon Yoo, Hee Kyung Ahn, Hyo Song Kim, In Hee Lee, In-Ho Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Jaekyung Cheon, Jin Won Kim, Jina Yun, Sun Min Lim, Yongjun Cha, Se Jin Jang, Dae Young Zang, Tae Won Kim, Jin Hyoung Kang, Jee Hyun Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):1061-1061.   Published online April 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1115.E
Corrects: Cancer Res Treat 2022;54(1):1
PDFPubReaderePub

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Real-World Data: Implementation and Outcomes of Next-Generation Sequencing in the MENA Region
    Rami Mahfouz, Reine Abou Zeidane, Tasnim Diab, Ali Tarhini, Eman Sbaity, Houry Kazarian, Yomna El Zibaoui, Nour Sabiha Naji, Mounir Barake, Hazem I. Assi
    Diagnostics.2025; 15(10): 1183.     CrossRef
  • 4,429 View
  • 117 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Original Article
Lung and Thoracic cancer
Real World Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of HER2-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing
Beung-Chul Ahn, Ye-Jeong Han, Hye Ryun Kim, Min Hee Hong, Byoung Chul Cho, Sun Min Lim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):488-497.   Published online November 9, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.359
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutations and to evaluate response to standard treatment and HER2-targeted agents.
Materials and Methods
Using tissue and/or blood next-generation sequencing, we identified 44 patients with NSCLC harboring HER2 mutations who were treated at Severance Hospital between December 2016 and February 2021. Clinical data, including patient characteristics, mutation status, incidence of metastasis for distant lesions, and response to chemotherapy, were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
The median age was 58 years, and 61% of the patients were female. Most patients (64%) were never-smokers. Adenocarcinoma was the most predominant subtype (98%). A total of 66% of the patients had extrathoracic metastatic lesions, and 32% had intracranial lesions at initial presentation. The median time to the development of brain metastasis was 15.6 months (range, 2.4 to 43.7). The most common type of HER2 mutation was 12 base pair in-frame insertion in exon 20, A775_G776insYVMA. Of the 44 patients, two had concomitant driver mutations, one with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (V769M), and one with BRAF mutation (V600E). Patients treated with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy (75%) had an overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) of 30% and 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9 to 12.7), respectively. The ORR and PFS of HER2-targeted agent treated patients (14%) were 0.0% and 1.9 months (95% CI, 0.1 to 2.8), respectively.
Conclusion
Given its distinct characteristics and treatment responses, novel treatment strategies for HER2-mutant NSCLC should be developed promptly to improve survival outcomes of patients.

Citations

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  • 333 Download
  • 19 Web of Science
  • 17 Crossref
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Special Article
Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing and the Molecular Tumor Board for Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Report from KSMO and KCSG Precision Medicine Networking Group
Shinkyo Yoon, Miso Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Han Sang Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jihun Kim, Hongseok Yun, Changhoon Yoo, Hee Kyung Ahn, Hyo Song Kim, In Hee Lee, In-Ho Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Jaekyung Cheon, Jin Won Kim, Jina Yun, Sun Min Lim, Yongjun Cha, Se Jin Jang, Dae Young Zang, Tae Won Kim, Jin Hyoung Kang, Jee Hyun Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):1-9.   Published online December 13, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1115
Correction in: Cancer Res Treat 2023;55(3):1061
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming essential in the fields of precision oncology. With implementation of NGS in daily clinic, the needs for continued education, facilitated interpretation of NGS results and optimal treatment delivery based on NGS results have been addressed. Molecular tumor board (MTB) is multidisciplinary approach to keep pace with the growing knowledge of complex molecular alterations in patients with advanced solid cancer. Although guidelines for NGS use and MTB have been developed in western countries, there is limitation for reflection of Korea’s public health environment and daily clinical practice. These recommendations provide a critical guidance from NGS panel testing to final treatment decision based on MTB discussion.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun
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  • Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Solid Cancer: A Joint Report from KSMO and KSP
    Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 721.     CrossRef
  • Nationwide precision oncology pilot study: KOrean Precision Medicine Networking Group Study of MOlecular profiling-guided therapy based on genomic alterations in advanced solid tumors (KOSMOS) KCSG AL-20-05
    T.-Y. Kim, S.Y. Kim, J.H. Kim, H.A. Jung, Y.J. Choi, I.G. Hwang, Y. Cha, G.-W. Lee, Y.-G. Lee, T.M. Kim, S.-H. Lee, S. Lee, H. Yun, Y.L. Choi, S. Yoon, S.W. Han, T.-Y. Kim, T.W. Kim, D.Y. Zang, J.H. Kang
    ESMO Open.2024; 9(10): 103709.     CrossRef
  • Utilizing Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA Sequencing for Precision Medicine in the Management of Solid Cancers
    Yongjun Cha, Sheehyun Kim, Sae-Won Han
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 55(2): 367.     CrossRef
  • Mutational evolution after chemotherapy‐progression in metastatic colorectal cancer revealed by circulating tumor DNA analysis
    Sheehyun Kim, Yongjun Cha, Yoojoo Lim, Hanseong Roh, Jun‐Kyu Kang, Kyung‐Hun Lee, Min Jung Kim, Ji Won Park, Seung‐Bum Ryoo, Hwang‐Phill Kim, Seung‐Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, Sae‐Won Han, Tae‐You Kim
    International Journal of Cancer.2023; 153(3): 571.     CrossRef
  • Establishing molecular pathology curriculum for pathology trainees and continued medical education: a collaborative work from the Molecular Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists
    Jiwon Koh, Ha Young Park, Jeong Mo Bae, Jun Kang, Uiju Cho, Seung Eun Lee, Haeyoun Kang, Min Eui Hong, Jae Kyung Won, Youn-La Choi, Wan-Seop Kim, Ahwon Lee
    Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(5): 265.     CrossRef
  • Implementation of Precision Oncology in the National Healthcare System: A Statement Proposal Endorsed by Italian Scientific Societies
    Gianpiero Fasola, Maria C. Barducci, Valeria D. Tozzi, Luigi Cavanna, Saverio Cinieri, Francesco Perrone, Carmine Pinto, Antonio Russo, Anna Sapino, Francesco Grossi, Giuseppe Aprile
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Original Articles
Lung cancer
Real-World Experience of Nivolumab in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Korea
Sun Min Lim, Sang-We Kim, Byoung Chul Cho, Jin Hyung Kang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Dong-Wan Kim, Young-Chul Kim, Jin Soo Lee, Jong-Seok Lee, Sung Yong Lee, Keon Uk Park, Ho Jung An, Eun Kyung Cho, Tae Won Jang, Bong-Seog Kim, Joo-Hang Kim, Sung Sook Lee, Im-II Na, Seung Soo Yoo, Ki Hyeong Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1112-1119.   Published online May 15, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.245
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major advance in the treatment of lung cancer, allowing sustained recovery in a significant proportion of patients. Nivolumab is a monoclonal anti–programmed death cell protein 1 antibody licensed for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after prior chemotherapy. In this study, we describe the demographic and clinical outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab in the Korean expanded access program.
Materials and Methods
Previously treated patients with advanced non-squamous and squamous NSCLC patients received nivolumab at 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks up to 36 months. Efficacy data including investigator-assessed tumor response, progression data, survival, and safety data were collected.
Results
Two hundred ninety-nine patients were treated across 36 Korean centers. The objective response rate and disease control rate were 18% and 49%, respectively; the median progression-free survival was 2.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87 to 3.45), and the overall survival (OS) was 13.2 months (95% CI, 10.6 to 18.9). Patients with smoking history and patients who experienced immune-related adverse events showed a prolonged OS. Cox regression analysis identified smoking history, presence of immune-related adverse events as positive factors associated with OS, while liver metastasis was a negative factor associated with OS. The safety profile was generally comparable to previously reported data.
Conclusion
This real-world analysis supports the use of nivolumab for pretreated NSCLC patients, including those with an older age.

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Investigating the Feasibility of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing to Guide the Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Sun Min Lim, Sang Hee Cho, In Gyu Hwang, Jae Woo Choi, Hyun Chang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Keon Uk Park, Ji-Won Kim, Yoon Ho Ko, Hee Kyung Ahn, Byoung Chul Cho, Byung-Ho Nam, Sang Hoon Chun, Ji Hyung Hong, Jung Hye Kwon, Jong Gwon Choi, Eun Joo Kang, Tak Yun, Keun-Wook Lee, Joo-Hang Kim, Jin Soo Kim, Hyun Woo Lee, Min Kyoung Kim, Dongmin Jung, Ji Eun Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Hwan Jung Yun, Sangwoo Kim, Hye Ryun Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):300-312.   Published online May 9, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.012
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a deadly disease in which precision medicine needs to be incorporated. We aimed to implement next-generation sequencing (NGS) in determining actionable targets to guide appropriate molecular targeted therapy in HNSCC patients.
Materials and Methods
Ninety-three tumors and matched blood samples underwent targeted sequencing of 244 genes using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform with an average depth of coverage of greater than 1,000×. Clinicopathological data from patients were obtained from 17 centers in Korea, and were analyzed in correlation with NGS data.
Results
Ninety-two of the 93 tumors were amenable to data analysis. TP53 was the most common mutation, occurring in 47 (51%) patients, followed by CDKN2A (n=23, 25%), CCND1 (n=22, 24%), and PIK3CA (n=19, 21%). The total mutational burden was similar between human papillomavirus (HPV)–negative vs. positive tumors, although TP53, CDKN2A and CCND1 gene alterations occurred more frequently in HPV-negative tumors. HPV-positive tumors were significantly associated with immune signature-related genes compared to HPV-negative tumors. Mutations of NOTCH1 (p=0.027), CDKN2A (p < 0.001), and TP53 (p=0.038) were significantly associated with poorer overall survival. FAT1 mutations were highly enriched in cisplatin responders, and potentially targetable alterations such as PIK3CA E545K and CDKN2A R58X were noted in 14 patients (15%).
Conclusion
We found several targetable genetic alterations, and our findings suggest that implementation of precision medicine in HNSCC is feasible. The predictive value of each targetable alteration should be assessed in a future umbrella trial using matched molecular targeted agents.

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Rare Incidence of ROS1 Rearrangement in Cholangiocarcinoma
Sun Min Lim, Jeong Eun Yoo, Kiat Hon Lim, David Wai Meng Tai, Byoung Chul Cho, Young Nyun Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):185-192.   Published online April 27, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.497
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The recent discovery and characterization of an oncogenic ROS1 gene rearrangement has raised significant interest because small molecule inhibitors are effective in these tumors. The aim of this study was to determine frequency and clinicopathological features associated with ROS1 rearrangement in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).
Materials and Methods
A total of 261 patients who underwent surgery for CCA between October 1997 and August 2013 were identified from an international, multi-institutional database. ROS1 rearrangement was evaluated by break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization using tissue microarrays of these patients.
Results
Of 261 CCA evaluated, three cases (1.1%) showed ROS1 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), all of which were derived from intrahepatic origin. ROS1 protein expression was observed in 38 samples (19.1%). Significantly larger tumor size was observed in ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC)–negative patients compared with ROS1 IHC–positive patients. ROS1 FISH–positive patients had a single tumor with a median size of 4 cm and well-to-moderate differentiation. Overall, there was no difference in terms of baseline characteristics, overall survival, and recurrence-free survival between ROS1-positive and -negative patients.
Conclusion
ROS1 rearrangement was detected in 1.1% of CCA patients. Although rare, conduct of clinical trials using ROS1 inhibitors in these genetically unique patients is warranted.

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Incidence and Survival of Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Comparison between Adults and Children
Sun Min Lim, Cheol Joo Yoo, Jung Woo Han, Yong Jin Cho, Soo Hee Kim, Joong Bae Ahn, Sun Young Rha, Sang Joon Shin, Hyun Cheol Chung, Woo Ick Yang, Kyoo-Ho Shin, Jae Kyung Rho, Hyo Song Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):9-17.   Published online August 21, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.157
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Pediatric-type sarcomas such as rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), Ewing sarcoma (EWS), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), and desmoplastic small round-cell tumor (DSRCT) are rare in adults, with limited studies on their prognosis and optimal treatment strategies. We aimed to examine the outcome of children and adult patients with RMS, EWS, PNET, and DSRCT and relevant prognostic factors. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 220 pediatric-type sarcoma patients at a single institution between 1985 and 2011. Comparisons were made in order to examine differences in demographics, disease characteristics, and survival. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models. Results A total of 220 consecutive patients were identified at our institute. Median age was 15.6 years (range, 0 to 81 years) and there were 108 children (49%) and 112 adult patients (51%). According to histological classification, 106 patients (48.2%) had RMS, 60 (27.3%) had EWS, 50 (22.7%) had PNET, and 4 (1.8%) had DSRCT. With a median follow-up period of 6.6 years, the estimated median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 75 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.2 to 122.8 months) and median event-free survival (EFS) for all patients was 11 months (95% CI, 8.8 to 13.2 months). No significant difference in OS and EFS was observed between adults and children. In multivariate analysis, distant metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.617; 95% CI, 1.022 to 2.557; p=0.040) and no debulking surgery (HR, 1.443; 95% CI, 1.104 to 1.812; p=0.012) showed independent association with worse OS. Conclusion Metastatic disease and no surgical treatment are poor prognostic factors for OS among pediatric-type sarcomas for both adults and children.

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Psychosocial Impact of Cancer Patients on Their Family Members
Sun Min Lim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Soohyeon Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(3):226-233.   Published online September 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.3.226
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
A population-based study was conducted in order to examine the characteristics of family members of cancer patients in comparison with the general population and also to evaluate the psychosocial impact of cancer patients on their family members.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV) (2007-2009) dataset, we identified 460 cancer patients and then selected family members of these patients who were aged 20 years or older (n=565). The control group was sampled from members of families without a cancer patient with matching for sex and age (n=2,260). Serial conditional logistic regression models were used for comparison of characteristics between family members of cancer patients and subjects in the control group.
RESULTS
Family members of cancer patients were less employed (57.9% vs. 63.0%, p<0.001), more functionally limited (20.2% vs. 16.5%, p=0.032), and had lower self-rated health (p=0.023) compared with sex and age-matched control subjects. They also had a significantly higher level of stress (79.7% vs. 76.1%, p=0.008), history of depression (12.9% vs. 10.2%, p=0.035), and current depressive symptoms (5.5% vs. 3.5%, p=0.038). However, higher physical activity was reported in family members of cancer patients (13.6% vs. 9.6%, p=0.003) than in control subjects. The presence of a cancer patient in the family showed an association with current depressive symptoms (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 2.48; p=0.028), however, the association was no longer significant after adjustment for household income, education level, and employment status (p=0.304).
CONCLUSION
Family members of cancer patients are more susceptible to depression, probably due to adverse change in socioeconomic status. Use of multidisciplinary approaches for promotion of psychological health and well-being is essential.

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