Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Article

Breast cancer

Evaluation of a Direct Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method without RNA Extraction (Direct RT-LAMP) for the Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Breast Cancer: In Hee Lee, Jin Hyang Jung, Soo Jung Lee, Jeeyeon Lee, Ho Yong Park, Ji-Young Park, Jee Young Park, Jae-hwan Jung, Hyunchul Lee, Hyo-Sung Jeon, Yee Soo Chae; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):174-181. Published online April 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.749

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Purpose
Assessing lymph node metastasis, tumor-derived DNA, or tumor-derived RNA has previously been studied in place of immunohistochemical assay. Because a direct reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (direct RT-LAMP) has been previously developed in order to rapidly identify viruses in place of RNA extraction, our team hypothesized that a direct RT-LAMP assay can be employed as a substitute in order to detect tumor involvement of lymph nodes within breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
A total amount of 92 lymph nodes removed across 40 patients possessing breast cancer were collected at Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital between the months of November 2015 and February 2016. All samples were then evaluated and contrasted via both a direct RT-LAMP assay and routine histopathologic examination.
Results
The sensitivity and specificity of the direct RT-LAMP assay were 85.7% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 94.4%, respectively.
Conclusion
Direct RT-LAMP assay is capable of facilitating the detection of sentinel lymph node metastasis within breast cancer patients intraoperatively possessing an excellent sensitivity via a cost-effective and time-saving manner.

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Development and evaluation of an easy to use real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for clinical diagnosis of West Nile virus
Marwa Khedhiri, Melek Chaouch, Kaouther Ayouni, Anissa Chouikha, Mariem Gdoura, Henda Touzi, Nahed Hogga, Alia Benkahla, Wasfi Fares, Henda Triki
Journal of Clinical Virology.2024; 170: 105633. CrossRef
Versatility of reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) from diagnosis of early pathological infection to mutation detection in organisms
Srishti Sen, Priyanka Bhowmik, Shubhangi Tiwari, Yoav Peleg, Boudhayan Bandyopadhyay
Molecular Biology Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Special Article

Guidelines for Cancer Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea: Jii Bum Lee, Minkyu Jung, June Hyuk Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Yeol Kim, Young Seok Kim, Byung Chang Kim, Jin Kim, Sung Ho Moon, Keon-Uk Park, Meerim Park, Hyeon Jin Park, Sung Hoon Sim, Hong Man Yoon, Soo Jung Lee, Eunyoung Lee, June Young Chun, Youn Kyung Chung, So-Youn Jung, Jinsoo Chung, Eun Sook Lee, Hyun Cheol Chung, Tak Yun, Sun Young Rha; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):323-329. Published online March 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1256

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At the end of 2019, the cause of pneumonia outbreaks in Wuhan, China, was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In February 2020, the World Health Organization named the disease cause by SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In response to the pandemic, the Korean Cancer Association formed the COVID-19 task force to develop practice guidelines. This special article introduces the clinical practice guidelines for cancer patients which will help oncologists best manage cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Citations

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The impact of COVID-19 on clinical practices of colorectal cancer in South Korea
Kwang Woo Kim, Hyoun Woo Kang
Intestinal Research.2025; 23(1): 6. CrossRef
Preoperative COVID-19 and Postoperative Mortality in Cancer Surgery: A South Korean Nationwide Study
Jae-Woo Ju, Soo-Hyuk Yoon, Tak Kyu Oh, Ho-Jin Lee
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2024; 31(10): 6394. CrossRef
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Gastric Cancer Claims in South Korea: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study
Min Ah Suh, Su Bee Park, Min Seob Kwak, Jin Young Yoon, Jae Myung Cha
Yonsei Medical Journal.2023; 64(9): 549. CrossRef
The elderly population are more vulnerable for the management of colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide, population-based study
Hong Sun Kang, Seung Hoon Jeon, Su Bee Park, Jin Young Youn, Min Seob Kwak, Jae Myung Cha
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 500. CrossRef
Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Gastric Cancer Diagnosis and Stage: A Single-Institute Study in South Korea
Moonki Hong, Mingee Choi, JiHyun Lee, Kyoo Hyun Kim, Hyunwook Kim, Choong-Kun Lee, Hyo Song Kim, Sun Young Rha, Gyu Young Pih, Yoon Jin Choi, Da Hyun Jung, Jun Chul Park, Sung Kwan Shin, Sang Kil Lee, Yong Chan Lee, Minah Cho, Yoo Min Kim, Hyoung-Il Kim,
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2023; 23(4): 574. CrossRef
Health-Seeking Behavior Returning to Normalcy Overcoming COVID-19 Threat in Breast Cancer
Eun-Gyeong Lee, Yireh Han, Dong-Eun Lee, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Hyoung Won Koh, Eun-Kyu Kim, So-Youn Jung
Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 55(4): 1222. CrossRef
Adherence to Physical Distancing and Health Beliefs About COVID-19 Among Patients With Cancer
Sajida Fawaz Hammoudi, Oli Ahmed, Hoyoung An, Youjin Hong, Myung Hee Ahn, Seockhoon Chung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
To overcome medical gap in screening and surveillance of colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic
Yoo Min Han
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 418. CrossRef
COVID-19 pandemic: a new cause of unplanned interruption of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients
Shiho Lee, Jaesung Heo
Medical Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Cancer Management in Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study of Medical Oncologists
Diogo Alpuim Costa, José Guilherme Gonçalves Nobre, João Paulo Fernandes, Marta Vaz Batista, Ana Simas, Carolina Sales, Helena Gouveia, Leonor Abreu Ribeiro, Andreia Coelho, Margarida Brito, Mariana Inácio, André Cruz, Mónica Mariano, Joana Savva-Bordalo,
Oncology and Therapy.2022; 10(1): 225. CrossRef
Organisation of cancer care in troubling times: A scoping review of expert guidelines and their implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Brenda Bogaert, Victoria Buisson, Zizis Kozlakidis, Pierre Saintigny
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2022; 173: 103656. CrossRef
Surgical safety in the COVID-19 era: present and future considerations
Young Il Kim, In Ja Park
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2022; 102(6): 295. CrossRef
Effect of Cancer-Related Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep on Fear of Cancer Progression in the Coronavirus Pandemic
Harin Kim, Inn-Kyu Cho, Dongin Lee, Kyumin Kim, Joohee Lee, Eulah Cho, C. Hyung Keun Park, Seockhoon Chung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gastric Cancer Screening in South Korea: Results From the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (2017–2021)
Kyeongmin Lee, Mina Suh, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi
Journal of Gastric Cancer.2022; 22(4): 297. CrossRef
Changes in cancer screening before and during COVID‐19: findings from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey 2019 and 2020
Thao Thi Kim Trinh, Yun Yeong Lee, Mina Suh, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi
Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022051. CrossRef
Treatment decision for cancer patients with fever during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
In Hee Lee, Sung Ae Koh, Soo Jung Lee, Sun Ah Lee, Yoon Young Cho, Ji Yeon Lee, Jin Young Kim
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2021; 38(4): 344. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Feasibility and Efficacy of Eribulin Mesilate in Korean Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: Korean Multi-center Phase IV Clinical Study Results: Yeon Hee Park, Tae Yong Kim, Young-Hyuck Im, Keun-Seok Lee, In Hae Park, Joohyuk Sohn, Soo-Hyeon Lee, Seock-Ah Im, Jee Hyun Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Soo Jung Lee, Su-Jin Koh, Ki Hyeong Lee, Yoon Ji Choi, Eun Kyung Cho, Suee Lee, Seok Yun Kang, Jae Hong Seo, Sung-Bae Kim, Kyung Hae Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):423-429. Published online August 3, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.191

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Purpose
Eribulin mesilate was approved for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC),who had received at least two chemotherapeutic regimens, including anthracycline and taxane. On the other hand, the efficacy and safety information of eribulin in Korean patients is limited by the lack of clinical trials.
Materials and Methods
In this multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase IV study, locally advanced or MBC patients were enrolled between June 2013 and April 2014 from 14 centers in Korea. One point four mg/m2 dose of eribulin was administered on days 1 and 8 of every 21 days. The primary endpoint was the frequency and intensity of the treatment emergent adverse event. The secondary endpoint was the disease control rate, which included the rate of complete responses, partial responses, and stable disease.
Results
A total of 101 patients received at least one dose of eribulin and were included in the safety set. The patients received a total of 543 treatment cycles, with a median of three cycles (range, 1 to 31 cycles). The most common adverse event was neutropenia (91.1% of patients, 48.3% of cycles). The frequent non-hematological adverse events included alopecia, decrease in appetite, fatigue/asthenia, and myalgia/arthralgia. The peripheral neuropathy of any grade occurred in 27 patients (26.7%), including grade 3 in two patients. Disease control rate was 52.7% and 51.3% of patients in the full analysis set and per-protocol set, respectively.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated the feasible safety profile and activity of eribulin in Korean patients with MBC.

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Yu-Ju Lin, Chun-Nan Kuo, Yu Ko
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Pei-Hsin Chen, Dah-Cherng Yeh, Heng-Hsin Tung, Chin-Yao Lin
Medicine.2021; 100(47): e27859. CrossRef
Multifarious targets beyond microtubules—role of eribulin in cancer therapy
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Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A nationwide, multicenter retrospective study on the effectiveness and safety of eribulin in Korean breast cancer patients (REMARK)
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Effect of eribulin on patients with metastatic breast cancer: multicenter retrospective observational study in Taiwan
Kun-Ming Rau, Fu Ou-Yang, Ta-Chung Chao, Yao-Lung Kuo, Tsui-Fen Cheng, Tsu-Yi Chao, Dar-Ren Chen, Yen-Dun Tzeng, Being-Whey Wang, Chun-Yu Liu, Ming-Hung Hu, Yin-Che Lu, Wei-Jen Ou, Chin-Ho Kuo, Chieh-Han Chuang, Jung-Yu Kan, Fang-Ming Chen, Ming-Feng Hou
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Incidence and clinical parameters associated with eribulin mesylate-induced peripheral neuropathy
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Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2018; 128: 110. CrossRef
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Eribulin in Advanced Breast Cancer: Safety, Efficacy and New Perspectives
Ornella Garrone, Emanuela Miraglio, Anna Maria Vandone, Paola Vanella, Daniele Lingua, Marco C Merlano
Future Oncology.2017; 13(30): 2759. CrossRef
Incidence and relative risk of peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients treated with eribulin: a meta-analysis
Ling Peng, Yun Hong, Xianghua Ye, Peng Shi, Junyan Zhang, Yina Wang, Qiong Zhao
Oncotarget.2017; 8(67): 112076. CrossRef

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Ipilimumab Real-World Efficacy and Safety in Korean Melanoma Patients from the Korean Named-Patient Program Cohort: Minkyu Jung, Jeeyun Lee, Tae Min Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Jin Hyung Kang, Sung Young Oh, Soo Jung Lee, Sang Joon Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):44-53. Published online April 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.024

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Purpose
Ipilimumab improves survival in advanced melanoma patients. However, the efficacy and safety of ipilimumab has not been evaluated in Asian melanoma patients with a high frequency of mucosal and acral melanoma subtypes.
Materials and Methods
Advanced melanoma patients treated with 3 mg/kg ipilimumab in a Korean multicenter named-patient program (NPP) were evaluated between September 2014 and July 2015. Baseline characteristics and blood parameters including neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were assessed, and outcome and adverse events were evaluated according to subtypes.
Results
A total of 104 advanced melanoma patients were treated. The primary sites were acral (31.7%), mucosal (26%), cutaneous (26%), uveal (9.6%), and unknown (6.7%). Sixty-eight patients (65.4%) experienced adverse events, and the most common toxicity was skin rash (22.1%), 10 patients (9.6%) experienced adverse events of grade 3 or higher. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.73 months (95% confidence interval, 2.67 to 2.85), and there was no difference in PFS according to subtypes. Poor performance status, liver metastasis, and NLR (≥5) were independent poor prognostic factors by multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
In the Korean NPP cohort, ipilimumab showed similar efficacy and tolerability compared to Western patients, regardless of subtypes. All subtypes should benefit from ipilimumab with consideration of performance status, liver metastasis, and NLR.

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Jialin Su, Yuning Li, Shuhua Tan, Tianli Cheng, Yongzhong Luo, Lemeng Zhang
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Baseline neutrophil-to- ratio combined with the change during treatment provides risk stratification for metastatic malignant melanoma patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors in a Chinese population
Chen Wang, Shengyan Liu, Xin Li, Kang Cui, Weijie Zhang, Yabing Du
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of liver metastasis on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Bao-Wen Tian, Cheng-Long Han, Han-Chao Wang, Lun-Jie Yan, Zi-Niu Ding, Hui Liu, Xin-Cheng Mao, Jin-Cheng Tian, Jun-Shuai Xue, Long-Shan Yang, Si-Yu Tan, Zhao-Ru Dong, Yu-Chuan Yan, Dong-Xu Wang, Tao Li
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis.2023; 40(4): 255. CrossRef
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Ryckie G. Wade, Samuel Bailey, Alyss V. Robinson, Michelle C.I. Lo, Howard Peach, Marc D.S. Moncrieff, James Martin
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Yayun Li, Yu Meng, Huiyan Sun, Lin Ye, Furong Zeng, Xiang Chen, Guangtong Deng
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Julianne M. Falotico, Shari R. Lipner
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Anja Wessely, Theresa Steeb, Michael Erdmann, Lucie Heinzerling, Julio Vera, Max Schlaak, Carola Berking, Markus Vincent Heppt
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Sebastien Jaillon, Andrea Ponzetta, Diletta Di Mitri, Angela Santoni, Raffaella Bonecchi, Alberto Mantovani
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Kelcie Witges, Leigh Anne Shafer, Ryan Zarychanski, Ahmed M. Abou-Setta, Rasheda Rabbani, Orvie Dingwall, Charles N. Bernstein
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Fausto Petrelli, Raffaele Ardito, Barbara Merelli, Veronica Lonati, Mary Cabiddu, Silvia Seghezzi, Sandro Barni, Antonio Ghidini
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Lucy T. Xu, Pauline F. Funchain, James F. Bena, Manshi Li, Ahmad Tarhini, Eren Berber, Arun D. Singh
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Tao Jiang, Meng Qiao, Chao Zhao, Xuefei Li, Guanghui Gao, Chunxia Su, Shengxiang Ren, Caicun Zhou
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Yingguo Ding, Shan Zhang, Jianjun Qiao
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Older melanoma patients aged 75 and above retain responsiveness to anti-PD1 therapy: results of a retrospective single-institution cohort study
Tony Ibrahim, Christine Mateus, Maria Baz, Caroline Robert
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.2018; 67(10): 1571. CrossRef
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Qiaoyun Tan, Shuxia Liu, Caixia Liang, Xiaohong Han, Yuankai Shi
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Antoine Finon, Julia Zaragoza, Hervé Maillard, Nathalie Beneton, Guido Bens, Mahtab Samimi, Agnès Caille, Laurent Machet
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Frontiers in Oncology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Clinical Outcome of Rituximab-Based Therapy (RCHOP) in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients with Bone Marrow Involvement: Byung Woog Kang, Joon Ho Moon, Yee Soo Chae, Soo Jung Lee, Jong Gwang Kim, Yeo-Kyeoung Kim, Je-Jung Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Jin Young Kim, Young Rok Do, Keon Uk Park, Hong Suk Song, Ki Young Kwon, Min Kyung Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Myung Soo Hyun, Hun Mo Ryoo, Sung Hwa Bae, Hwak Kim, Sang Kyun Sohn; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(2):112-117. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.2.112

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PURPOSE
We investigated the clinical outcome of bone marrow (BM) involvement in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received rituximab-based therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 567 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL treated with rituximab-CHOP (RCHOP) between November 2001 and March 2010 were included in the current study. All of the patients underwent a BM study at the initial staging and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of these patients with or without BM involvement were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
The total cohort included 567 patients. The overall incidence of BM involvement was 8.5%. With a median follow-up duration of 33.2 months (range, 0.1 to 80.7 months) for patients who were alive at the last follow-up, the five-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rate in patients without BM involvement (76.3% and 67.5%, p<0.001) was statistically higher than that in patients with BM involvement (44.3% and 40.1%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, among total patients, BM involvement showed a significant association with OS and EFS. In univariate and multivariate analyses, even among stage IV patients, a significant association with worse EFS was observed in the BM involvement group.
CONCLUSION
BM involvement at diagnosis affected the survival of patients with DLBCL who received RCHOP. Although use of RCHOP can result in significant improvement of the therapeutic effect of DLBCL, BM involvement is still a negative prognostic factor of DLBCL patients in the era of rituximab.

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Combination of Bone Marrow Biopsy and Flow Cytometric Analysis: The Prognostically Relevant Central Approach for Detecting Bone Marrow Invasion in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Haruya Okamoto, Nobuhiko Uoshima, Ayako Muramatsu, Reiko Isa, Takahiro Fujino, Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto, Taku Tsukamoto, Shinsuke Mizutani, Yuji Shimura, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Eri Kawata, Hitoji Uchiyama, Junya Kuroda
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Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Impact of Rituximab on Overall Survival of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell and Follicular Lymphoma
José Carlos Jaime-Pérez, Carmen Magdalena Gamboa-Alonso, Alberto Vázquez-Mellado de Larracoechea, Marisol Rodríguez-Martínez, César Homero Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Luis Javier Marfil-Rivera, David Gómez-Almaguer
Archives of Medical Research.2015; 46(6): 454. CrossRef

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No Association of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and VEGF-C Expression with Survival in Patients with Gastric Cancer: Soo Jung Lee, Jong Gwang Kim, Sang Kyun Sohn, Yee Soo Chae, Joon Ho Moon, Shi Nae Kim, Han-Ik Bae, Ho Young Chung, Wansik Yu; Cancer Res Treat. 2009;41(4):218-223. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2009.41.4.218

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Purpose

Although the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) superfamily has been identified to critically influence tumor-related angiogenesis, the prognostic significance of a VEGF expression in gastric cancer is still controversial. Accordingly, the present study analyzed the VEGF-A and VEGF-C expressions and their impact on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods

Three hundred seventy-five consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection for gastric adenocarcinoma with a curative intent were enrolled in the present study. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF-A and VEGF-C was performed using the formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumor tissues.

Results

Positive VEGF-A and VEGF-C expressions were observed in 337 (90.1%) and 278 (74.9%) cases, respectively. The survival analysis showed that the expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C had no effect on the OS and DFS. On the multivariate analysis that included age, gender and the TNM stage, no significant association between the grade of the VEGF-A or VEGF-C expression and survival was observed.

Conclusion

The current study suggests that the tissue expression of VEGF-A or VEGF-C alone is not an independent prognostic marker for patients with surgically resected gastric adenocarcinoma.

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Charles S Fuchs, Josep Tabernero, Jiří Tomášek, Ian Chau, Bohuslav Melichar, Howard Safran, Mustapha A Tehfe, Dumitru Filip, Eldar Topuzov, Luis Schlittler, Anghel Adrian Udrea, William Campbell, Stephen Brincat, Michael Emig, Symantha A Melemed, Rebecca
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Kyung Ho Pak, Ara Jo, Hye Ji Choi, Younghee Choi, Hyunki Kim, Jae-Ho Cheong
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Ismael Riquelme, Kathleen Saavedra, Jaime A. Espinoza, Helga Weber, Patricia García, Bruno Nervi, Marcelo Garrido, Alejandro H. Corvalán, Juan Carlos Roa, Carolina Bizama
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Gene Promoter Hypermethylation in Tumors and Plasma of Breast Cancer Patients: Young Kyung Bae, Young Ran Shim, Joon Hyuk Choi, Mi Jin Kim, Edward Gabrielson, Soo Jung Lee, Tae Yoon Hwang, Sei One Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37(4):233-240. Published online August 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.4.233

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

To measure the hypermethylation of four genes in primary tumors and paired plasma samples to determine the feasibility of gene promoter hypermethylation markers for detecting breast cancer in the plasma.

Materials and Methods

DNA was extracted from the tumor tissues and peripheral blood plasma of 34 patients with invasive breast cancer, and the samples examined for aberrant hypermethylation in cyclin D2, retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ), twist and high in normal-1 (HIN-1) genes using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and the results correlated with the clinicopathological parameters.

Results

Promoter hypermethylation was detected at high frequency in the primary tumors for cyclin D2 (53%), RARβ (56%), twist (41%) and HIN-1 (77%). Thirty-three of the 34 (97%) primary tumors displayed promoter hypermethylation in at least one of the genes examined. The corresponding plasma samples showed hyperme thylation of the same genes, although at lower frequencies (6% for cyclin D2, 16% for RARβ, 36% for twist, and 54% for HIN-1). Overall, 22 of the 33 (67%) primary tumors with hypermethylation of at least one of the four genes also had abnormally hypermethylated DNA in their matched plasma samples. No significant relationship was recognized between any of the clinical or pathological parameters (tumor size, axillary lymph node metastasis, stage, or Ki-67 labeling index) with the frequency of hypermethylated DNA in the primary tumor or plasma.

Conclusion

The detection of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of cancer-related genes in the plasma may be a useful tool for the detection of breast cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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The Significance of Bone Marrow Micrometastasis ( BMM ) in Breast Carcinoma: Su Hwan Kang, Soo Jung Lee, Sang Woon Kim, Koing Bo Kwun; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(1):76-85.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was performed to determine the incidence of BMM and to correlate the presence of these micrometastases with prognosis and othet clinicopathologic features.
Materials AND Methods
BMM was evaluated in 220 breast cancer patients between July, 1991 and January, 1997, using mouse monoclonal antibody (AE1/AE3) against cytokeratin in an immunofluorescent assay.
RESULTS
Of the 220 patients, 71 (32.3%) were positive for BMM. There were no association between bone marrow positivity and nodal status, TNM stage, known histopathologic parameters, and hormona1 receptor. Median follow-up for 220 patients was 41.6 month. The relapse rate was 16.8% (37/220). Twenty-four (33.8%) of 37 patients were positive for BMM and 13 (8.7%) were negative (p<0.05). Bone metastasis occurred in 16 cases, and was more common in BMM positive patients (14 of 24, 54.2%, versus 2 of 13, 15.4%, p < 0.05). Twenty-six patients were died of relapsed breast cancer. In overall survival, patients who was negative for BMM showed higher survival rate (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
BMM was a good predictor for distant metastasis, especially bone metastasis, and for poor prognosis. But no association was found between bone marrow positivity and tumor size, nodal status, stage, histologic parameter and hormonal receptor status.

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Immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody(AE1/AE3) detection of bone marrow micrometastasis with primary breast cancer: Jun Sik Chung, Soo Jung Lee, Kwing Bo Kwon; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1993;25(6):912-919.

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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Therapeutic effect of transarterial chemoembolization using cisplatin-lipiodol mixture in hepatocelluar carcinoma: Mi Sun Kim, Ki Bum Cho, Moo In Park, In Ki Woo, Soo Jung Lee, Sang Wook Lee, Byung Hoon Han, Byung Chae Park, Jin Do Huh, Young Duk Cho; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1993;25(4):494-500.

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

2,733 View
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Significance of thymidine kinase activity in the gastrointestinal cancers: Sung Kyun Roh, Yeon Woong Chung, Jae Hwang Kim, Soo Jung Lee, Koing Bo Kwun; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1991;23(2):230-236.

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

2,394 View
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Effects of Drugs on Angiogenesis: Yeon Woong Chung, Sang Choon Lee, Sung Soo Yoon, Wook Dong Kim, Dong Il Park, Soo Jung Lee, Min Chul Chim, Koing Bo Kwun; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1990;22(2):267-274.

Abstract PDF: Angiogenesis, a process of new blood vessel formation, is an essential biological phenomenon that occurs in normal growth, wound healing, inflammation, and even in a malignant tumor growth. It is now well known that unrestricted growth of tumor is dependent upon angiogenesis and a tumor itself release angiogenic factors which stimulate migration and proliferation of capillaries toward the tumor from neighboring blood vessels. A numorous study has been going on to find out a strong angiogenic inhibitor which could be used to comabat tumor angiogenesis and achieve tumor regression. In order to investigate angiogenic properties of several medicines author utilized a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay technique. Protamine sulfate (50 ug), picibanil (0.6 uKE), heparin (6 ug) and prostaglandidn E1, (1 ug) were tested, and normal saline was used for control. Each test medicine was absorbed into a small piece of cottonoid disk and then it was placed at the edge of the chorioallantoic membrane of 4 days old chick embryo, and angiogenesis was evaluated after 48 hours incubation. According to the degree of vascular growing by the naked eyes, the responses were subdivided into 3 groups as no response, the inhibited and the increased. Control group, heparin and picibanil groups revealed no response on angiogenesis Prostaglandin E, demonstrated increased vascular reponse, protamine sulfate showed a strong inhibition of angiogenesis. In conclusion, test chemicals showd different angiogenic responses. Only protamine sulfate demon- strated a strong angiogenic inhibition. Por the clinical application of this inhibitor, Further evaluation may be required.

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Assessment of Cellular Immunity to Autologous Breast Cancer using Sikn Window Test: Ki Hyuk Park, Soo Jung Lee, Min Chul Chim, Koing Bo Kwun, Dong Sug Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(1):159-165.

Abstract PDF: The biologic behavior of human breast cancer reflects on interaction between the intrinsic aggressive potential of the cancer and tumor-retarding cell mediated immunity(CMI). In an attempt to obtain information regarding specific cellular responses to breast cancer, Black and Leis introduced the use of cryostat section of autoiogous breast cancer tissue as target in skin window test(SWT). In order to evaluate the CMI and stimulating ability of PSK to CMI, we performed SWT and Multitest CMI accoding to stage. These findings provide that SWT is an additional aid in evaluation of CMI and immunotherapy snd may eerve as a guide to the individulal therapy.

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Expression of NM23 Protein in Breast Cancer - An immunohistochemical study -: Soo Jung Lee, Jun Duk Suh, Ki Young Kim, Min Chul Chim, Koing Bo Kwun, Dong Sug Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1996;28(3):451-461.

Abstract PDF: Expression of a recently identified nm23 gene has been previously proposed to be inversely correlated to tumor metastatic potential It was proposed that nm23 may function as a suppressor gene for tumor metastasis. It has recently been found that the sequence of nm23 and NDP-Kinase(NDP-K) is identical. We studied l42 cases of primary breast carcinoma for the expression of nm23 protein using an immunohistochemical method, and compared these results with other known prognostic factors of the breast carcinoma. The nm23 protein was stained in the cytosol and/or the perinucleus of carcinoma cells in 130 cases(91.5%). Among the positive cases, 67cases were stained to lower density while 63 cases were stained to higher density. There were no significant correlation between nm23 protein and other parameters such as tumor size, axillary lymph node metastasis, histologic parameters, hormone receptor, p53, c-erbB-2, and EGFR. Although expression of nm23 was positively associated with longer disease free survival (p<0.05) but not with overall survival. These study showed that nm23 expression in human breast cancer may be one of the prognostic factors, but further studies using antibodies specific for NDP-K/nm23 subtypes are clearly indicated.

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Expression of Epidermal Growht Factor Receptor mRNA by In Situ Hybridization in Breast Cancer: Won Jong Lee, Soo Jung Lee, Dong Sug Kim, Koing Bo Kwun, Min Chul Chim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1996;28(6):996-1010.

Abstract PDF: Epidermal growth factor(EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) have been identified as one of the prognostic factor for breast cancer. EGFR status has been determined by several methods including competitive binding assay(BA), immunohistochemical stain(IHC), enzyme immunoassay(EIA). But EGFR could be masked by endogenous ligands in some proportion of tumors. So many different methods have been developed to detect EGFR mRNA. Among these methods, in situ hybridization with biotinylated probe found to be simple and rapid. In addition, it can determine intratumoral heterogenicity in gene expression and identify specific cells that contain a particular mRNA transcript. The author investigated the expression of EGFR mRNA in 81 human breast cancers by in situ hybridization(ISH) and compared the result with EGFR detected by IHC. The author also examined the relationship between EGFR mRNA expression and clinical parameters and other prognostic markers(estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, p53, c-erbB-2). The author also studied the relationship between EGFR mRNA and recurrence and mortality rate. According to the degree of cytoplasmic staining in ISH assay, negative were 13 cases(16.1%), + were 41 cases(50.6%), ++ were 26 cases(32.1%) and +++ was 1 case(1.2%). The overall expression of EGFR mRNA was 84%. The positive staining of EGFR by IHC was observed either on the cell membrane alone or on both cell membrane and cytoplasm. EGFR by IHC were detected in 69.l%. The 19 cases(23.5%) of EGFR negative cases by IHC were demonstrated as + or more EGFR mRNA by ISH study. On the contrary, 7 cases(8.6%) of EGFR positive by IHC were not detected by ISH. The findings in the majority of the cases were same in two methods. EGFR mRNA had shown a significant positive correlation with c-erbB-2(p<0.009). But an inverse correlation with both estrogen receptor(p<0.027) and progesterone receptor(p<0.02) status, when ++ or more were regarded as positive staining in ISH. There were no correlation was found between positive EGFR by IHC and clinical parameters and other prognostic markers except c-erbB-2(p<0.05). Among the 11 cases of tumor containing both invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS), there were 5 cases of + and 4 cases of ++ in invasive ductal carcinoma, but negative in these cases of DCIS by ISH. Although the cases with overexpression of EGFR mRNA showed a tendency of more recurrent rate and mortality rate, but there were no statistic significance during the short follow up period (24 months). In summery, EGFR mRNA thought to be a useful prognostic factor especially when over expression is more than ++ by ISH. In situ mRNA hybridization technique is more sensitive and more accurate than immunohistochemistry.

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