Seo-Yeon Ahn, TaeHyung Kim, Mihee Kim, Ga-Young Song, Sung-Hoon Jung, Deok-Hwan Yang, Je-Jung Lee, Mi Yeon Kim, Chul Won Jung, Jun-Ho Jang, Hee Je Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Sang Kyun Sohn, Jong-Ho Won, Sung-Hyun Kim, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Jae-Sook Ahn, Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):1011-1022. Published online January 26, 2023
Purpose We evaluated the characteristics of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPA) mutations and the significance of a basic leucine zipper in-frame mutation (bZIPin-f) of CEBPA in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with a normal karyotype.
Materials and Methods Based on updated knowledge of CEBPA mutations, we conducted next-generation sequencing analyses in a previously established real-world cohort.
Results Among 78 of a total of 395 patients (19.7%), 50 had bZIPin-fCEBPA, and 28 had non-bZIPin-fCEBPA. In the multivariate analysis, patients with NPM1mut, those with bZIPin-fCEBPA, and those who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) had favorable overall survival (OS), but FLT3-ITDmut was a poor prognostic indicator. For relapse-free survival (RFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse, bZIPin-fCEBPA, and allo-HCT were associated with favorable outcomes; FLT3-ITDpos was associated with worse outcomes. In the CEBPA double-mutated group (CEBPAdm), bZIPin-fCEBPA was associated with superior outcomes in terms of OS (p=0.007) and RFS (p=0.007) compared with non-bZIPin-fCEBPA. Of 50 patients with bZIPin-fCEBPA, 36 patients had at least one mutation. When grouped by the presence of mutations in chromatic/DNA modifiers (C), cohesion complex (C), and splicing genes (S) (CCS mutations), CCS-mutated bZIPin-fCEBPA was associated with poor OS (p=0.044; hazard ratio [HR], 2.419) and a trend in inferior RFS (p=0.186; HR, 1.838).
Conclusion Only bZIPin-fCEBPA was associated with favorable outcomes in patients with CEBPAdm. However, some mutations accompanying bZIPin-fCEBPA showed inferior OS; thus, further studies with larger numbers of patients are required for clear conclusions of the significance of bZIPin-fCEBPA.
Citations
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