Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Aberrations Identified by Next-generation Sequencing in Patients with Metastatic Cancers: Minkyue Shin, Dae-Ho Choi, Jaeyun Jung, Deok geun Kim, Sung Hee Lim, Seung Tae Kim, Jung Yong Hong, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Jeeyun Lee; Received June 17, 2024 Accepted January 21, 2025 Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.564 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a therapeutic target with confirmed clinical efficacy for several cancer types. We aimed to identify EGFR aberrations and their associations with other genomic alterations in patients with metastatic diseases of various cancers.
Materials and Methods
We used real-world data from the next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 3,286 patients with metastatic cancer at the Samsung Medical Center. We analyzed the distribution of EGFR amplification, mutation, and fusion, as well as their correlations with microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and other gene aberrations.
Results
A total of 3,286 patients were tested using NGS of a panel covering 523 cancer-related genes (TSO500, Illumina) as part of clinical practice between October 2019 and October 2022. Patients with lung cancer and gliomas were not included in the analysis. Of the 3,286 patients, 175 (5.3%) had EGFR amplification, 38 (1.2%) had EGFR mutations, and 8 (0.2%) had EGFR fusion. All 175 patients with EGFR amplifications had microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors, but 102 had co-amplifications in other cancer-related genes, and 78 had mutations with clinical significance (tier I/II). Among the 38 patients with EGFR mutations, three (8%) showed MSI-high status, and eleven (29%) demonstrated high TMB (≥ 10 mutations/mb). Among eight patients with EGFR fusion, three exhibited possible functionalities of the EGFR gene.
Conclusion
EGFR aberrations, mainly amplification, followed by mutation and fusion, were present in 6.4% of patients with metastatic solid tumors.

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Gastrointestinal cancer

A Phase II Study of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy with Capecitabine Plus Simvastatin in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Hyunji Jo, Seung Tae Kim, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Jeong Il Yu, Hee Chul Park, Doo Ho Choi, Yoonah Park, Yong Beom Cho, Jung Wook Huh, Seong Hyeon Yun, Hee Cheol Kim, Woo Yong Lee, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):189-195. Published online June 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1527

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this phase II trial was to evaluate whether the addition of simvastatin, a synthetic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with capecitabine confers a clinical benefit to patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).
Materials and Methods
Patients with LARC (defined by clinical stage T3/4 and/or lymph node positivity) received preoperative radiation (45-50.4 Gy in 25-28 daily fractions) with concomitant capecitabine (825 mg/m2 twice per day) and simvastatin (80 mg, daily). Curative surgery was planned 4-8 weeks after completion of the CRT regimen. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR). The secondary endpoints included sphincter-sparing surgery, R0 resection, disease-free survival, overall survival, the pattern of failure, and toxicity.
Results
Between October 2014 and July 2017, 61 patients were enrolled; 53 patients completed CRT regimen and underwent total mesorectal excision. The pCR rate was 18.9% (n=10) by per-protocol analysis. Sphincter-sparing surgery was performed in 51 patients (96.2%). R0 resection was achieved in 51 patients (96.2%). One patient experienced grade 3 liver enzyme elevation. No patient experienced additional toxicity caused by simvastatin.
Conclusion
The combination of 80 mg simvastatin with CRT and capecitabine did not improve pCR in patients with LARC, although it did not increase toxicity.

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Short- and long-term outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: an updated meta-analysis
Yue Guo, Zhifeng Guo, Jiaojiao Zhang, Guowu Qian, Wangquan Ji, Linlin Song, Zhe Guo, Zhuo Han
BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A randomized phase II/III trial of rosuvastatin with neoadjuvant chemo-radiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer
Prachi S. Patil, Avanish Saklani, Naveena A. N. Kumar, Ashwin De’Souza, Rahul Krishnatry, Snehal Khanvilkar, Mufaddal Kazi, Reena Engineer, Vikas Ostwal, Anant Ramaswamy, Munita Bal, Priya Ranganathan, Ekta Gupta, Sanjeev Galande
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Hyperlipidemia on Osseointegration of Dental Implants and Its Strategies
Haiyang Sun, Shuhuai Meng, Junyu Chen, Qianbing Wan
Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2023; 14(4): 194. CrossRef

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A Phase II Study of Avelumab Monotherapy in Patients with Mismatch Repair–Deficient/Microsatellite Instability–High or POLE-Mutated Metastatic or Unresectable Colorectal Cancer: Jwa Hoon Kim, Sun Young Kim, Ji Yeon Baek, Yong Jun Cha, Joong Bae Ahn, Han Sang Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Tae-You Kim, Won Jin Chang, Joon Oh Park, Jihun Kim, Jeong Eun Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Yeul Hong Kim, Tae Won Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1135-1144. Published online April 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.218

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of avelumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, in patients with metastatic or unresectable colorectal cancer (mCRC) with mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or POLE mutations.
Materials and Methods
In this prospective, open-label, multicenter phase II study, 33 patients with mCRC harboring dMMR/MSI-H or POLE mutations after failure of ≥1st-line chemotherapy received avelumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks. dMMR/MSI-H was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining (IHC) by loss of expression of MMR proteins or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for microsatellite sequences. POLE mutation was confirmed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors ver. 1.1.
Results
The median age was 60 years, and 78.8% were male. Thirty patients were dMMR/MSI-H and three had POLE mutations. The ORR was 24.2%, and all of the responders were dMMR/MSI-H. For 21 patients with MSI-H by PCR or NGS, the ORR was 28.6%. At a median follow-up duration of 16.3 months, median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.9 and 13.2 months in all patients, and 8.1 months and not reached, respectively, in patients with MSI-H by PCR or NGS. Dose interruption and discontinuation due to treatment-related adverse events occurred in 4 and 2 patients, respectively, with no treatment-related deaths.
Conclusion
Avelumab displayed antitumor activity with manageable toxicity in patients with previously treated mCRC harboring dMMR/MSI-H. Diagnosis of dMMR/MSI-H with PCR or NGS could be complementary to IHC to select patients who would benefit from immunotherapy.

Citations

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Molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer: Implications for adjuvant treatment strategies
Ye Yang, Su Fang Wu, Wei Bao
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Suying Yan, Wanting Wang, Zhiqiang Feng, Jun Xue, Weizheng Liang, Xueliang Wu, Zhiquan Tan, Xipeng Zhang, Shuai Zhang, Xichuan Li, Chunze Zhang
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Navigating through novelties concerning mCRC treatment—the role of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy in mCRC
Edward Zheng, Marcin Włodarczyk, Andrzej Węgiel, Aleksandra Osielczak, Maria Możdżan, Laura Biskup, Agata Grochowska, Maria Wołyniak, Dominik Gajewski, Mateusz Porc, Kasper Maryńczak, Łukasz Dziki
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Fanjie Qu, Shuang Wu, WeiWei Yu
OncoTargets and Therapy.2024; Volume 17: 1223. CrossRef
Is the combination of immunotherapy with conventional chemotherapy the key to increase the efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment?
Jonadab E Olguin, Monica G Mendoza-Rodriguez, C Angel Sanchez-Barrera, Luis I Terrazas
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2023; 15(2): 251. CrossRef
Systemic treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer
Wattana Leowattana, Pathomthep Leowattana, Tawithep Leowattana
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Systemic treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer
Wattana Leowattana, Pathomthep Leowattana, Tawithep Leowattana
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Case report: long-term sustained remission in a case of metastatic colon cancer with high microsatellite instability and KRAS exon 2 p.G12D mutation treated with fruquintinib after local radiotherapy: a case report and literature review
Ruiqi Wang, Dan Cong, Yuansong Bai, Wenlong Zhang
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Avelumab vs Standard Second-Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Microsatellite Instability
Julien Taïeb, Olivier Bouche, Thierry André, Karine Le Malicot, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Jérémie Bez, Clémence Toullec, Christophe Borg, Violaine Randrian, Ludovic Evesque, Stéphane Corbinais, Hervé Perrier, Bruno Buecher, Frederic Di Fiore, Claire Gallois, J
JAMA Oncology.2023; 9(10): 1356. CrossRef
Circulating Tumor DNA Response and Minimal Residual Disease Assessment in DNA Polymerase Epsilon-Mutated Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Immunotherapy
Areeb Lutfi, Maaz K Afghan, Pashtoon M Kasi
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Hassan Abushukair, Obada Ababneh, Ayah Al-Bzour, Ibrahim Halil Sahin, Anwaar Saeed
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Immunological Assessment of Recent Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Subhadeep Das, Diptikanta Acharya
Immunological Investigations.2023; 52(8): 1065. CrossRef
Immunotherapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Promising Individualized Treatment Strategy
Ying Yang, Wen-Jian Meng, Zi-Qiang Wang
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Can the tumor-agnostic evaluation of MSI/MMR status be the common denominator for the immunotherapy treatment of patients with several solid tumors?
Daniele Fanale, Lidia Rita Corsini, Raimondo Scalia, Chiara Brando, Alessandra Cucinella, Giorgio Madonia, Alessandra Dimino, Clarissa Filorizzo, Nadia Barraco, Marco Bono, Alessia Fiorino, Luigi Magrin, Roberta Sciacchitano, Alessandro Perez, Tancredi Di
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Landscape of Immunotherapy Options for Colorectal Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives beyond Immune Checkpoint Blockade
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Immunotherapy for a POLE Mutation Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patient
Yang Fu, Yue Zheng, Pei-Pei Wang, Yue-Yun Chen, Zhen-Yu Ding
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CDK4/6 blockade provides an alternative approach for treatment of mismatch-repair deficient tumors
Inken Salewski, Julia Henne, Leonie Engster, Paula Krone, Bjoern Schneider, Caterina Redwanz, Heiko Lemcke, Larissa Henze, Christian Junghanss, Claudia Maletzki
OncoImmunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Predicting immunotherapy outcomes in patients with MSI tumors using NLR and CT global tumor volume
Younes Belkouchi, Laetitia Nebot-Bral, Littisha Lawrance, Michele Kind, Clémence David, Samy Ammari, Paul-Henry Cournède, Hugues Talbot, Perrine Vuagnat, Cristina Smolenschi, Patricia L. Kannouche, Nathalie Chaput, Nathalie Lassau, Antoine Hollebecque
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Predictive biomarkers of colon cancer immunotherapy: Present and future
Wanting Hou, Cheng Yi, Hong Zhu
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Research Progress in the Treatment of Liver Metastasis from Colon Cancer
龙坤郑
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(12): 11179. CrossRef
Recent Advances in Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Colorectal Cancers
Kyusang Hwang, Jin Hwan Yoon, Ji Hyun Lee, Sukmook Lee
Biomedicines.2021; 9(1): 39. CrossRef
Complete Response to Pembrolizumab in Advanced Colon Cancer Harboring Somatic POLE F367S Mutation with Microsatellite Stability Status: A Case Study
Jianxin Chen, Haizhou Lou
OncoTargets and Therapy.2021; Volume 14: 1791. CrossRef
Comprehensive tumor molecular profile analysis in clinical practice
Mustafa Özdoğan, Eirini Papadopoulou, Nikolaos Tsoulos, Aikaterini Tsantikidi, Vasiliki-Metaxa Mariatou, Georgios Tsaousis, Evgenia Kapeni, Evgenia Bourkoula, Dimitrios Fotiou, Georgios Kapetsis, Ioannis Boukovinas, Nikolaos Touroutoglou, Athanasios Fassa
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Combined vaccine-immune-checkpoint inhibition constitutes a promising strategy for treatment of dMMR tumors
Inken Salewski, Steffen Kuntoff, Andreas Kuemmel, Rico Feldtmann, Stephan B. Felix, Larissa Henze, Christian Junghanss, Claudia Maletzki
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.2021; 70(12): 3405. CrossRef
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Hepatotoxicity in Primary Liver Cancer Versus Other Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Jianyang Fu, Wang-Zhong Li, Nicole A. McGrath, Chunwei Walter Lai, Gagandeep Brar, Yan-Qun Xiang, Changqing Xie
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Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives
Xuezhen Zeng, Simon E. Ward, Jingying Zhou, Alfred S. L. Cheng
Cancers.2021; 13(10): 2418. CrossRef
Perspectives on Immunotherapy of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
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Junhee Pyo, Hyo-Jung Park
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Dmitrii Shek, Liia Akhuba, Matteo S. Carlino, Adnan Nagrial, Tania Moujaber, Scott A. Read, Bo Gao, Golo Ahlenstiel
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Emerging Role of Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis

Xianzhe Yu, Lingling Zhu, Jiewei Liu, Ming Xie, Jiang Chen, Jianguo Li
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Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Carcinoembryonic Antigen Improves the Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Prediction of Pathologic Response after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Patients with Rectal Cancer: Gyu Sang Yoo, Hee Chul Park, Jeong Il Yu, Doo Ho Choi, Won Kyung Cho, Young Suk Park, Joon Oh Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang, Woo Yong Lee, Hee Cheol Kim, Seong Hyeon Yun, Yong Beom Cho, Yoon Ah Park, Kyoung Doo Song, Seok-Hyung Kim, Sang Yun Ha; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(2):446-454. Published online September 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.261

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in improving the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the prediction of pathologic response after the neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) for patients with rectal cancer.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 524 rectal cancer patients who underwent NCRT and total mesorectal excision between January 2009 and December 2014. The performances of MRI with or without CEA parameters (initial CEA and CEA dynamics) for prediction of pathologic tumor response grade (pTRG) were compared by receiver-operating characteristic analysis with DeLong’s method. Cox regression was used to identify the independent factors associated to pTRG and disease-free survival (DFS) after NCRT.
Results
The median follow-up was 64.0 months (range, 3.0 to 113.0 months). On multivariate analysis, poor tumor regression grade on MRI (mrTRG; p < 0.001), initial CEA (p < 0.001) and the mesorectal fascia involvement on MRI before NCRT (mrMFI; p=0.054) showed association with poor pTRG. The mrTRG plus CEA parameters showed significantly improved performances in the prediction of pTRG than mrTRG alone. All of mrTRG, mrMFI, and initial CEA were also identified as independent factors associated with DFS. The initial CEA further discriminated DFS in the subgroups with good mrTRG or that without mrMFI.
Conclusion
The CEA parameters significantly improved the performance of MRI in the prediction of pTRG after NCRT for patients with rectal cancer. The DFS was further discriminated by initial CEA level in the groups with favorable MRI parameters.

Citations

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Clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision in locally advanced rectal cancer with mesorectal fascia involvement
Jeong Ha Lee, Nalee Kim, Jeong Il Yu, Gyu Sang Yoo, Hee Chul Park, Woo-Yong Lee, Seong Hyeon Yun, Hee Cheol Kim, Yong Beom Cho, Jung Wook Huh, Yoon Ah Park, Jung Kyong Shin, Joon Oh Park, Seung Tae Kim, Young Suk Park, Jeeyun Lee, Won Ki Kang
Radiation Oncology Journal.2024; 42(2): 130. CrossRef
Predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer using nomograms based on MRI tumour regression grade
S. Qin, Y. Chen, K. Liu, Y. Li, Y. Zhou, W. Zhao, P. Xin, Q. Wang, S. Lu, H. Wang, N. Lang
Cancer/Radiothérapie.2024; 28(4): 341. CrossRef
Body composition parameters combined with blood biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging predict responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Jianguo Yang, Qican Deng, Zhenzhou Chen, Yajun Chen, Zhongxue Fu
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Pretreatment blood biomarkers combined with magnetic resonance imaging predict responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Xinyu Shi, Min Zhao, Bo Shi, Guoliang Chen, Huihui Yao, Junjie Chen, Daiwei Wan, Wen Gu, Songbing He
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical implication and management of rectal cancer with clinically suspicious lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis: A radiation oncologist’s perspective
Gyu Sang Yoo, Hee Chul Park, Jeong Il Yu
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
High-Resolution T2-Weighted MRI to Evaluate Rectal Cancer: Why Variations Matter
Kirsten L Gormly
Korean Journal of Radiology.2021; 22(9): 1475. CrossRef
MRI Assessment of Complete Response to Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy for Rectal Cancer: 2020 Guide for Practice from the Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology
Seong Ho Park, Seung Hyun Cho, Sang Hyun Choi, Jong Keon Jang, Min Ju Kim, Seung Ho Kim, Joon Seok Lim, Sung Kyoung Moon, Ji Hoon Park, Nieun Seo
Korean Journal of Radiology.2020; 21(7): 812. CrossRef

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A Single Arm, Phase II Study of Simvastatin Plus XELOX and Bevacizumab as First-Line Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: Youjin Kim, Tae Won Kim, Sae Won Han, Joong Bae Ahn, Seung Tae Kim, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1128-1134. Published online November 21, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.379

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Simvastatin has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in preclinical studies via tumor cell senescence, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenesis. This phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and toxicity profile of conventional XELOX and bevacizumab chemotherapy plus simvastatin in metastatic colorectal cancer patients (MCRC).
Materials and Methods
Patients with MCRC received first-line XELOX in 3-week treatment cycles of intravenous oxaliplatin 130 mg/m² plus bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg (day 1), followed by oral capecitabine 1,000 mg/m² twice daily (day 1-14). Simvastatin 80 mg tablets were taken orally once daily every day during the period of chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were response rate, duration of response, overall survival (OS), time to progression, and toxicity.
Results
From January 2014 to April 2015, 60 patients were enrolled and 55 patients were evaluable for tumor response. The median follow-up duration was 30.1 months (range, 28.5 to 31.7 months). The median PFS was 10.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6 to 11.1). The median OS of all patients was 19.0 months (95% CI, 11.9 to 26.0). The disease-control rate and overall response rate were 88.3% (95% CI, 74 to 96) and 58.3% (95% CI, 44 to 77), respectively, by intent-to-treat protocol analysis. There was one complete response and 34 partial responses. One patient experienced grade 3 creatine kinase elevation and liver enzyme elevation.
Conclusion
Based on the current study, the addition of 80 mg simvastatin to XELOX and bevacizumab showed comparable clinical efficacy in patients with MCRC as first-line chemotherapy and did not increase toxicity.

Citations

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Anticancer properties of histone deacetylase inhibitors – what is their potential?
Kajetan Kiełbowski, Agata Szwedkowicz, Paulina Plewa, Estera Bakinowska, Rafał Becht, Andrzej Pawlik
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2025; 25(2): 105. CrossRef
Therapeutic Effects of Statins: Promising Drug for Topical and Transdermal Administration
Fatemeh Zahedipour, Seyede Atefe Hosseini, Željko Reiner, Eugenia Tedeschi-Reiner, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Current Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 31(21): 3149. CrossRef
Are statins onco- suppressive agents for every type of tumor? A systematic review of literature
Luca Filaferro, Fabiana Zaccarelli, Giovanni Francesco Niccolini, Andrea Colizza, Federica Zoccali, Michele Grasso, Massimo Fusconi
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2024; 24(6): 435. CrossRef
Cholesterol synthesis is essential for the growth of liver metastasis‐prone colorectal cancer cells
Kumiko Taniguchi, Kei Sugihara, Takashi Miura, Daisuke Hoshi, Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Eishu Hirata, Etsuko Kiyokawa
Cancer Science.2024; 115(11): 3817. CrossRef
Statins in Mitigating Anticancer Treatment-Related Cardiovascular Disease
Rong Jiang, Lian Lou, Wen Shi, Yuxiao Chen, Zhaoming Fu, Shuo Liu, Thida Sok, Zhihang Li, Xuan Zhang, Jian Yang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(18): 10177. CrossRef
Assessment in vitro of interactions between anti-cancer drugs and noncancer drugs commonly used by cancer patients
Claes R. Andersson, Jiawei Ye, Kristin Blom, Mårten Fryknäs, Rolf Larsson, Peter Nygren
Anti-Cancer Drugs.2023; 34(1): 92. CrossRef
A phase 1 study of simvastatin in combination with topotecan and cyclophosphamide in pediatric patients with relapsed and/or refractory solid and CNS tumors
Thomas Cash, Hunter C. Jonus, Maya Tsvetkova, Jan H. Beumer, Arhanti Sadanand, Jasmine Y. Lee, Curtis J. Henry, Dolly Aguilera, R. Donald Harvey, Kelly C. Goldsmith
Pediatric Blood & Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Chengyu Liu, Hong Chen, Bicheng Hu, Jiajian Shi, Yuchen Chen, Kun Huang
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Association of Metformin, Other Antidiabetic Medications, and Statins With the Prognosis of Colon Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Sami Erkinantti, Ari Hautakoski, Reijo Sund, Martti Arffman, Elina Urpilainen, Ulla Puistola, Arja Jukkola, Karihtala Peeter, Esa Läärä
Cancer Control.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Fahima Danesh Pouya, Yousef Rasmi, Irem Yalim Camci, Yusuf Tutar, Mohadeseh Nemati
Journal of Chemotherapy.2021; 33(6): 375. CrossRef
The potential use of simvastatin for cancer treatment: A review
Jaqueline Aparecida Duarte, Andre Luis Branco de Barros, Elaine Amaral Leite
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2021; 141: 111858. CrossRef
Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs on Akt Signaling for Prevention of Tumorigenesis
Navneet Kumar, Chandi C. Mandal
Frontiers in Genetics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeting Inflammatory Signaling in Prostate Cancer Castration Resistance
Shangwei Zhong, Changhao Huang, Zhikang Chen, Zihua Chen, Jun-Li Luo
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(21): 5000. CrossRef
Osteolytic metastasis in breast cancer: effective prevention strategies
Chandi C Mandal
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2020; 20(9): 797. CrossRef

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Comparison of the 7th and the 8th AJCC Staging System for Non-metastatic D2-Resected Lymph Node–Positive Gastric Cancer Treated with Different Adjuvant Protocols: Jeong Il Yu, Do Hoon Lim, Jeeyun Lee, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Seung Tae Kim, Su Jin Lee, Sung Kim, Tae Sung Sohn, Jun Ho Lee, Ji Yeong An, Min Gew Choi, Jae Moon Bae, Heejin Yoo, Kyunga Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):876-885. Published online October 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.401

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare prognostic differentiation performances of the 7th and the 8th edition of American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for gastric cancer (GC) patients.
Materials and Methods
A total of 1,633 GC patients who underwent curative D2 resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy alone (CA) or concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) from 2004 to 2013 were included. Concordance index (c-index) was applied to compare the discriminatory ability.
Results
In the 8th edition, migration of stage was detected in 248 patients (15.2%). Among them, 121 patients were up-staged while 127 patients were down-staged. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the discriminatory ability between the 7th and 8th editions. The new edition of staging system, however, showed a trend of better prognostic performance not only in recurrence-free survival (c-index=0.734; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.706 to 0.762 in the 7th edition vs. c-index=0.740; 95% CI, 0.712 to 0.768 in the 8th edition; p=0.14), but also in overall survival (c-index=0.717; 95% CI, 0.688 to 0.745 in the 7th edition vs. c-index=0.722; 95% CI, 0.694 to 0.751 in the 8th edition; p=0.19), especially in stage III. This finding was repeated in the subgroup analysis regardless of adjuvant CA or CCRT.
Conclusion
Generally, the 8th edition of AJCC staging system had failed to show a superior discriminatory ability for curatively D2 resected GC patients than the 7th edition, although there was a trend of better prognostic performance of the new edition, regardless of adjuvant treatment method.

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Chemotherapy versus Best Supportive Care in Advanced Biliary Tract Carcinoma: A Multi-institutional Propensity Score Matching Analysis: Jun Ho Ji, Young Saing Kim, Inkeun Park, Soon Il Lee, Rock Bum Kim, Joon Oh Park, Sung Yong Oh, In Gyu Hwang, Joung-Soon Jang, Haa-Na Song, Jung-Hun Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(3):791-800. Published online August 23, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.044

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Although chemotherapy is recommended by various guidelines for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC), the evidence supporting its use over best supportive care (BSC) is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival benefit of chemotherapy over that of BSC in advanced BTC patients.
Materials and Methods
Advanced BTC patientswith a good performance status (Eastern CooperativeOncologyGroup [ECOG] 0-2) were eligible for the study. Data were retrospectively collected from four tertiary cancer centers and analyzed using propensity score matching (PSM). Of the 604 patients enrolled, 206 received BSC and 398 received chemotherapy. PSM analysis was performed using the following variables: age, ECOG status, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, white blood cell level, albumin level, total bilirubin level, and aspartate aminotransferase level. The sample size of each group was 164 patients after PSM. Median survival was compared between the two groups by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were investigated using Cox proportional regression analysis.
Results
In post-PSM analysis, the respective median survival for the chemotherapy and BSC groups was dependent on the following prognostic factors: total population, 12.0 months vs. 7.5 months (p=0.001); locally advanced disease, 16.7 months vs. 13.4 months (p=0.490); cancer antigen 19-9 ≤ 100 IU/mL, 12.7 months vs. 10.6 months (p=0.330); and CEA ≤ 3.4 ng/mL, 17.1 months vs. 10.6 months (p=0.052).
Conclusion
Chemotherapy improved overall survival of patients with advanced BTC who had a good performance status. However, this survival benefit was not observed in BTC patients with locally advanced disease or with lower tumor marker. Individualized approach is needed for initiation of palliative chemotherapy in advanced BTC.

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Treatment patterns and survival in older adults with unresected nonmetastatic biliary tract cancers
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Main causes of death in advanced biliary tract cancer
Kana Kimura‐Seto, Yasushi Kojima, Shiori Komori, Yuya Hisada, Yuki Otake, Yuka Yanai, Akiko Saito, Naoki Akazawa, Yasuo Tanaka, Chizu Yokoi, Mikio Yanase, Junichi Akiyama, Natsuyo Yamamoto, Kazuhiko Yamada
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A Systematised Literature Review of Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Unresectable Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer
Vivian Peirce, Michael Paskow, Lei Qin, Ruby Dadzie, Maria Rapoport, Samantha Prince, Sukhvinder Johal
Targeted Oncology.2023; 18(6): 837. CrossRef
Short- and Long-Term Survival of Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer in the United States From 2000 to 2018
Van Nghiem, Sarah Wood, Rekha Ramachandran, Grant Williams, Darryl Outlaw, Ravikumar Paluri, Young-il Kim, Olumide Gbolahan
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Clinical Epidemiology.2023; Volume 15: 1069. CrossRef

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Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in Korean Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor after Failure of Imatinib and Sunitinib: A Multicenter Study Based on the Management Access Program: Myoung Kyun Son, Min-Hee Ryu, Joon Oh Park, Seock-Ah Im, Tae-Yong Kim, Su Jin Lee, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Sook Ryun Park, Yoon-Koo Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):350-357. Published online July 19, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.067

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The aim of this study was to confirm the efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) reported in the GRID phase III trial in Korean patients.
Materials and Methods
Fifty-seven Korean patientswith advanced GISTwho experienced both imatinib and sunitinib failure were enrolled in the management access program between December 2012 and November 2013 and treated with regorafenib (160 mg orally once daily in a 3 weeks on /1 week off).
Results
None of the patients achieved a complete or partial response while 25 patients (44%) showed stable disease for ≥ 12 weeks. With a median follow-up of 12.7 months (range, 0.2 to 27.6 months), the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 4.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8 to 5.3) and 12.9 months (95% CI, 8.1 to 17.7), respectively. Interestingly, 15 patients (26%) experienced an exacerbation of their cancer-related symptoms (abdominal pain in eight and abdominal distension in five) during the rest period for regorafenib, but all were ameliorated upon the resumption of regorafenib. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event was a hand-foot skin reaction (25%). The regorafenib dose was reduced in 44 patients (77%) due to toxicity, which manifested mainly as a handfoot skin reaction (n=31).
Conclusion
This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced GIST after imatinib and sunitinib failure in Korean patients. Considering the exacerbation of the cancer-related symptoms observed during the rest periods, further exploration of the continuous dosing schedule of regorafenib is warranted in future clinical trials.

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English version of Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines 2022 for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) issued by the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology
Seiichi Hirota, Ukihide Tateishi, Yuji Nakamoto, Hidetaka Yamamoto, Shinji Sakurai, Hirotoshi Kikuchi, Tatsuo Kanda, Yukinori Kurokawa, Haruhiko Cho, Toshirou Nishida, Akira Sawaki, Masato Ozaka, Yoshito Komatsu, Yoichi Naito, Yoshitaka Honma, Fumiaki Tak
International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024; 29(6): 647. CrossRef
A randomised phase 2 study of continuous or intermittent dosing schedule of imatinib re-challenge in patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor-refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Hyung-Don Kim, Changhoon Yoo, Min-Hee Ryu, Yoon-Koo Kang
British Journal of Cancer.2023; 129(2): 275. CrossRef
Case Report: Should Regorafenib be prescribed as a continuous schedule in gastrointestinal stromal tumors? Three case reports on Regorafenib personalized schedule
Maria Susanna Grimaudo, Alice Laffi, Nicolò Gennaro, Roberta Fazio, Federico D’Orazio, Laura Samà, Licia Vanessa Siracusano, Federico Sicoli, Salvatore Lorenzo Renne, Armando Santoro, Alexia Francesca Bertuzzi
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Systemic Treatment Options for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours
Marin Golčić, Robin L. Jones, Paul Huang, Andrea Napolitano
Cancers.2023; 15(16): 4081. CrossRef
Medical oncological treatment for patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) – A systematic review
Charlotte Margareta Brinch, Ninna Aggerholm-Pedersen, Estrid Hogdall, Anders Krarup-Hansen
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2022; 172: 103650. CrossRef
Health-Related Quality of Life and Side Effects in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Patients Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Deborah van de Wal, Mai Elie, Axel Le Cesne, Elena Fumagalli, Dide den Hollander, Robin L. Jones, Gloria Marquina, Neeltje Steeghs, Winette T. A. van der Graaf, Olga Husson
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Efficacy and safety of regorafenib in Japanese patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Ryugo Teranishi, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Toshirou Nishida, Seiichi Hirota, Yukinori Kurokawa, Takuro Saito, Kazuyoshi Yamamoto, Kotaro Yamashita, Koji Tanaka, Tomoki Makino, Masaaki Motoori, Takeshi Omori, Kiyokazu Nakajima, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Yuichiro Doki
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Vahe Khachatryan, Asmaa Muazzam, Chandani Hamal, Lakshmi Sai Deepak Reddy Velugoti, Godfrey Tabowei, Greeshma N Gaddipati, Maria Mukhtar, Mohammed J Alzubaidee, Raga Sruthi Dwarampudi, Sheena Mathew, Sumahitha Bichenapally, Lubna Mohammed
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Zhiying Wang, Qiaoyan Qu, Ke Cai, Ting Xu, Zhihan Lv
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Agnieszka Kaczmarska, Patrycja Śliwa, Monika Lejman, Joanna Zawitkowska
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Molecular Modeling Study of c-KIT/PDGFRα Dual Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Seketoulie Keretsu, Suparna Ghosh, Seung Joo Cho
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(21): 8232. CrossRef
Regorafenib treatment outcome for Taiwanese patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors after failure of imatinib and sunitinib: A prospective, non‑randomized, single‑center study
Chia‑Hsiang Hu, Chun‑Nan Yeh, Jen‑Shi Chen, Chun‑Yi Tsai, Shang‑Yu Wang, Chi‑Tung Cheng, Ta‑Sen Yeh
Oncology Letters.2020; 20(3): 2131. CrossRef
Meta-Analysis of Regorafenib-Associated Adverse Events and Their Management in Colorectal and Gastrointestinal Stromal Cancers
Ganfeng Xie, Yuzhu Gong, Shuang Wu, Chong Li, Songtao Yu, Zhe Wang, Jianfang Chen, Quanfeng Zhao, Jianjun Li, Houjie Liang
Advances in Therapy.2019; 36(8): 1986. CrossRef
Phase II Trial of Continuous Regorafenib Dosing in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors After Failure of Imatinib and Sunitinib
Jae-Joon Kim, Min-Hee Ryu, Changhoon Yoo, Mo Youl Beck, Jung Eun Ma, Yoon-Koo Kang
The Oncologist.2019; 24(11): e1212. CrossRef
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Mark Agulnik, Steven Attia
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Treatment patterns, efficacy and toxicity of regorafenib in gastrointestinal stromal tumour patients
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Bin Zhao, Hong Zhao
Oncotarget.2017; 8(55): 93813. CrossRef

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Is There a Role for Adjuvant Therapy in R0 Resected Gallbladder Cancer?: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis: Se-Il Go, Young Saing Kim, In Gyu Hwang, Eun Young Kim, Sung Yong Oh, Jun Ho Ji, Haa-Na Song, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Jung Hun Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(4):1274-1285. Published online February 12, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.502

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess the role of adjuvant therapy in stage I-III gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients who have undergone R0 resection.
Materials and Methods
Clinical data were collected on 441 consecutive patients who underwent R0 resection for stage I-III GBC. Eligible patients were classified into adjuvant therapy and surveillance only groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) between the two groups was performed, adjusting clinical factors.
Results
In total, 84 and 279 patients treated with adjuvant therapy and followed up with surveillance only, respectively, were included in the analysis. Before PSM, the 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was lower in the adjuvant therapy group than in the surveillance only group (50.8% vs. 74.8%, p < 0.001), although there was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (66.2% vs. 79.5%, p=0.089). After the PSM, baseline characteristics became comparable and there were no differences in the 5-year RFS (50.8% vs. 64.8%, p=0.319) and OS (66.2% vs. 70.4%, p=0.703) rates between the two groups.
Conclusion
The results suggest that fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant therapy is not indicated in stage I-III GBC patients who have undergone R0 resection.

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Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Adjuvant Chemotherapy vs. No Chemotherapy for Patients with Carcinoma of Gallbladder Undergoing Curative Resection
Sundeep Singh Saluja, Phani Kumar Nekarakanti, Pramod Kumar Mishra, Anurita Srivastava, Kishore Singh
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2022; 26(2): 398. CrossRef
Adjuvant Therapy for Resectable Biliary Tract Cancer: A Bayesian Network Analysis
Xiuqiong Chen, Fanqiao Meng, Hua Xiong, Yanmei Zou
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Current standards and future perspectives in adjuvant treatment for biliary tract cancers
Angela Lamarca, Julien Edeline, Mairéad G McNamara, Richard A Hubner, Masato Nagino, John Bridgewater, John Primrose, Juan W Valle
Cancer Treatment Reviews.2020; 84: 101936. CrossRef
Prognostic factors and patterns of loco-regional failure in patients with R0 resected gallbladder cancer
Jung Ho Im, Woo Jung Lee, Chang Moo Kang, Ho Kyoung Hwang, Jinsil Seong
HPB.2020; 22(8): 1168. CrossRef
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Bala Basak Oven Ustaalioglu, Ahmet Bilici, Mesut Seker, Umut Kefeli, Dincer Aydin, Serkan Celik, Tarik Demir, Burcak Erkol
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2019; 50(3): 451. CrossRef
Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Resected T2N0 Gall Bladder Cancer
Abhay K. Kattepur, Shraddha Patkar, Mahesh Goel, Anant Ramaswamy, Vikas Ostwal
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2019; 23(11): 2232. CrossRef
A systematic review of the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy for patients with gallbladder cancer
Carlos Manterola, Galo Duque, Luis Grande, Xabier de Aretxabala, Roque Conejeros, Tamara Otzen, Nayely García
HPB.2019; 21(11): 1427. CrossRef
Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy is Associated with Improved Survival for Patients with Resected Gallbladder Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Byoung Hyuck Kim, Jeanny Kwon, Eui Kyu Chie, Kyubo Kim, Young Hoon Kim, Dong Wan Seo, Amol K. Narang, Joseph M. Herman
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2018; 25(1): 255. CrossRef
Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy versus observation in resected bile duct cancer
T Ebata, S Hirano, M Konishi, K Uesaka, Y Tsuchiya, M Ohtsuka, Y Kaneoka, M Yamamoto, Y Ambo, Y Shimizu, F Ozawa, A Fukutomi, M Ando, Y Nimura, M Nagino, S Nakamori, T Ajiki, H Baba, R Yamaguchi, M Kawai, H Nagano, F Miura, T Arai, Y Nishiwaki, S Kawasaki
British Journal of Surgery.2018; 105(3): 192. CrossRef
Adjuvant systemic therapy and postoperative outcomes after resection of node positive gallbladder cancer
Jiong-Jie Yu, Xin-Fei Xu, Tian Yang
International Journal of Surgery.2018; 54: 307. CrossRef
The efficiency and regimen choice of adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary tract cancer
Luxi Yin, Qi Xu, Jingjing Li, Qing Wei, Jieer Ying
Medicine.2018; 97(50): e13570. CrossRef
Surgical Management of Gallbladder Cancer
Gyulnara G. Kasumova, Omidreza Tabatabaie, Robert M. Najarian, Mark P. Callery, Sing Chau Ng, Andrea J. Bullock, Robert A. Fisher, Jennifer F. Tseng
Annals of Surgery.2017; 266(4): 625. CrossRef

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A Retrospective Analysis for Patients with HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer Who Were Treated with Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy: In the Perspectives of Ethnicity and Histology: Jun Ho Yi, Jung Hun Kang, In Gyu Hwang, Hee Kyung Ahn, Hyun Jin Baek, Soon Il Lee, Do Hyoung Lim, Young-Woong Won, Jun Ho Ji, Hyo Song Kim, Sun Young Rha, Sung Yong Oh, Kyung Eun Lee, Taekyu Lim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Moon Jin Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):553-560. Published online August 10, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.155

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
While the Trastuzumab for Gastric Cancer (ToGA) trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab-based chemotherapy in HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer, the overall survival (OS) benefit was not found in Asian and diffuse-type cancer patients. The aim of the study is to investigate predictive markers for trastuzumab-based chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods
Data of patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer treated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively.
Results
A total of 168 Asian patients were included. The median age was 60 years (range, 27 to 85 years) and the male:female ratio was 118 (70.2%):50 (29.8%). Fourteen (8.3%), 63 (37.5%), 75 (44.6%), and 11 (6.5%) patients had well, moderately, poorly-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma, respectively. With 14 complete responses and 73 partial responses, the response rate was 50.6%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7 to 11.7), and the median OS was 18.5 months (95% CI, 16.4 to 50.6). Next, we investigated the effect of poorly-differentiated histology (PDH, poorly-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma+signet ring cell carcinoma) on clinical outcomes. The median PFS (8.9 months vs. 11.5 months, p=0.16) was slightly inferior in PDH patients, and the median OS was significantly shorter in PDH patients (14.6 months vs. 19.0 months, p=0.025).
Conclusion
While subset analysis of the ToGA trial demonstrated that trastuzumab-based chemotherapy may not be beneficial for Asians and patients with PDH, our data may suggest that even in Asian patients and patients with PDH, trastuzumab-based chemotherapy could be associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer.

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Review Article

Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: A Systematic Review: Joon Oh Park, Do-Youn Oh, Chiun Hsu, Jen-Shi Chen, Li-Tzong Chen, Mauro Orlando, Jong Seok Kim, Ho Yeong Lim; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(3):343-361. Published online May 18, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.308

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Evidence suggests that combined gemcitabine-cisplatin chemotherapy extends survival in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). We conducted a systematic review in order to collate this evidence and assess whether gemcitabine-cisplatin efficacy is influenced by primary tumor site, disease stage, or geographic region, and whether associated toxicities are related to regimen. MEDLINE (1946-search date), EMBASE (1966-search date), ClinicalTrials. gov (2008-search date), and abstracts from major oncology conferences (2009- search date) were searched (5 Dec 2013) using terms for BTC, gemcitabine, and cisplatin. All study types reporting efficacy (survival, response rates) or safety (toxicities) outcomes of gemcitabine-cisplatin in BTC were eligible for inclusion; efficacy data were extracted from prospective studies only. Evidence retrieved from one meta-analysis (abstract), four randomized controlled trials, 12 nonrandomized prospective studies, and three retrospective studies supported the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-cisplatin for BTC. Median overall survival ranged from 4.6 to 11.7 months, and response rate ranged from 17.1% to 36.6%. Toxicities were generally acceptable and manageable. Heterogeneity in study designs and data collected prevented formal meta-analysis, however exploratory assessments suggested that efficacy did not vary with primary tumor site (gallbladder vs. others), disease stage (metastatic vs. locally advanced), or geographic origin (Asia vs. other). Incidence of grade 3/4 toxicities was not related to gemcitabine dose or cisplatin frequency. Despite individual variation in study designs, the evidence presented suggests that gemcitabine-cisplatin is effective in patients from a diverse range of countries and with heterogeneous disease characteristics. No substantial differences in toxicity were observed among the different dosing schedules of gemcitabine and cisplatin.

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Expression levels of ROS1/ALK/c-MET and therapeutic efficacy of cetuximab plus chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer
Nai-Jung Chiang, Chiun Hsu, Jen-Shi Chen, Hsiao-Hui Tsou, Ying-Ying Shen, Yee Chao, Ming-Huang Chen, Ta-Sen Yeh, Yan-Shen Shan, Shiu-Feng Huang, Li-Tzong Chen
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Original Articles

The Role of Plasma Chromogranin A as Assessment of Treatment Response in Non-functioning Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Moonjin Kim, Sujin Lee, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Won Ki Kang, Seung Tae Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):153-161. Published online March 7, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.183

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Purpose
Chromogranin A (CgA) has been considered to be valuable not only in the diagnosis but also in monitoring the disease response to treatment. However, only a few studies have been published on this issue. We purposed to evaluate whether biochemical response using plasma CgA level is reliable in concordance with the clinical response of grade 1-3 nonfunctiong gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Materials and Methods Between March 2011 and September 2013, a total of 27 cases in 18 patients were analysed, clinically and radiologically while serial CgA tests were also conducted during treatment. Tumor responses were defined by both Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria ver. 1.1 and biochemical criteria based on the CgA level.
Results
Among the 27 cases analysed, no difference in the basal CgA level was observed with regard to gender, primary tumor site, tumor grade (World Health Organization classification), liver metastasis, number of metastatic site, and line of chemotherapy. The overall response rate (RR) by RECIST criteria ver. 1.1 was six out of the 27 cases (22.2%) and eight out of the 27 cases (29.6%) for biochemical RR. The overall concordance rates of the response based on RECIST and biochemical criteria were 74%. In grades 1 and 2 GEP-NETs (n=17), the concordance rate of the disease control was 94.1%. There was a significant difference for progression- free survival (PFS) between responders and non-responder in accordance to biochemical criteria (35.73 months vs. 5.93 months, p=0.05). Conclusion This study revealed that changes of the plasma CgA levels were associated with tumour response. Additionally, biochemical response based on serial CgA may be a predictive marker for PFS in GEP-NETs.

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Response heterogeneity as a new biomarker of treatment response in patients with neuroendocrine tumors
Clarisse Dromain, Marianne Pavel, Maxime Ronot, Niklaus Schaefer, Dalvinder Mandair, Delphine Gueguen, Catherine Cheng, Olivier Dehaene, Kathryn Schutte, David Cahané, Simon Jégou, Félix Balazard
Future Oncology.2023; 19(32): 2171. CrossRef
Predictive Factors for Resistant Disease with Medical/Radiologic/Liver-Directed Anti-Tumor Treatments in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Recent Advances and Controversies
Lingaku Lee, Irene Ramos-Alvarez, Robert T. Jensen
Cancers.2022; 14(5): 1250. CrossRef
Volumetric 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT for assessment of whole-body tumor burden as a quantitative imaging biomarker in patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Fiona OHLENDORF, Christoph HENKENBERENS, Thomas BRUNKHORST, Tobias L. ROSS, Hans CHRISTIANSEN, Frank M. BENGEL, Thorsten DERLIN
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Chromogranin A and serotonin for evaluation of treatment efficacy of neuroendocrine tumors
N. V. Lyubimova, Yu. S. Timofeev, T. K. Churikova, A. A. Markovich, G. S. Emelianova, I. S. Stilidi, N. E. Kushlinskii
Almanac of Clinical Medicine.2020; 47(8): 685. CrossRef
Early response assessment and prediction of overall survival after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy
Daphne M. V. Huizing, Else A. Aalbersberg, Michelle W. J. Versleijen, Margot E. T. Tesselaar, Iris Walraven, Max J. Lahaye, Berlinda J. de Wit–van der Veen, Marcel P. M. Stokkel
Cancer Imaging.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
From Mouth to Brain: Neuroendocrine Markers Play as a Crosstalk Among Oral and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Marco Tatullo, Bruna Codispoti, Irina Makeeva, Caterina Benincasa, Gianrico Spagnuolo
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Ki-67 Index of 5% is Better Than 2% in Stratifying G1 and G2 of the World Health Organization Grading System in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Shao-Wei Gao, Chen-Song Huang, Xi-Tai Huang, Liu-Hua Chen, Wei Chen, Jian-Peng Cai, Xiao-Yu Yin
Pancreas.2019; 48(6): 795. CrossRef
Baseline plasma chromogranin A levels in patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas: A potential predictor of postoperative recurrence
Yoshihide Nanno, Hirochika Toyama, Ippei Matsumoto, Kyoko Otani, Sadaki Asari, Tadahiro Goto, Tetsuo Ajiki, Yoh Zen, Takumi Fukumoto, Yonson Ku
Pancreatology.2017; 17(2): 291. CrossRef
Clinical outcomes of everolimus in patients with advanced, nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a multicenter study in Korea
Kyong Joo Lee, Jae Hee Cho, Sang Hyub Lee, Si Young Song, Kwang Hyuk Lee, Seok Jeong, Ji Kon Ryu, Sang Myung Woo, Seungmin Bang, Jong Kyun Lee, Tae Hoon Lee, Woo Hyun Paik, Yong Tae Kim, Woo Jin Lee
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2017; 80(4): 799. CrossRef

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Changes in the Mean Corpuscular Volume after Capecitabine Treatment Are Associated with Clinical Response and Survival in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: Hyun Ae Jung, Hyun-Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Se Hoon Park, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):72-77. Published online August 21, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.172

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Capecitabine is known to increase mean corpuscular volume (MCV). To define the incidence of capecitabine-induced macrocytosis and its association with chemotherapy outcomes, we investigated data of 89 patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) who were enrolled in a randomized chemotherapy trial involving capecitabine. Materials and Methods Chemotherapy-naïve AGC patients were treated with capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2/day on days 1-14) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m2 on day 1), with or without epirubicin (50 mg/m2 on day 1). Complete blood counts including MCV were measured at baseline and on day 1 of each 3-week chemotherapy course. Macrocytosis was defined as a MCV increase > 10 fL from baseline. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for analysis of the impact of clinical and MCV values on chemotherapy outcomes. Results At baseline, the mean MCV was 88.2 fL (normal range, 80 to 100 fL). During chemotherapy, MCV increased in a dose-dependent manner with a mean increase of 11.3 fL. MCV elevation after capecitabine treatment in 74 patients (90%) and 44 patients (42%) developed macrocytosis. Results of multivariate analysis showed that development of macrocytosis was independent of baseline hemoglobin level, liver metastasis, performance status, or liver function. The number of chemotherapy cycles showed strong association with development of macrocytosis and hematologic adverse events. In addition, a significant association was observed between macrocytosis and clinical response or survival. Conclusion Macrocytosis developed with more frequent and prolonged use of capecitabine. It is possible that association with treatment outcomes warrants further investigation.

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Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Chao Yang, Chao Ma, Cheng‐Shi Xu, Si‐Rui Li, Chen Li, Ze‐Fen Wang, Zhi‐Qiang Li
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Significance of preoperative mean corpuscular volume in patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer and anemia
Shuhei Asai, Hideo Miyake, Hidemasa Nagai, Yuichiro Yoshioka, Koji Shibata, Junichi Takamizawa, Norihiro Yuasa
International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic significance of mean corpuscular volume in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and multimodal treatment
Gerd Jomrich, Maximilian Gruber, Elisabeth S. Gruber, Jakob Mühlbacher, Sanja Radosavljevic, Lavinia Wilfing, Daniel Winkler, Gerald Prager, Christian Reiterer, Barbara Kabon, Helmuth Haslacher, Klaus Sahora, Martin Schindl
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Hidemasa Nagai, Norihiro Yuasa, Eiji Takeuchi, Hideo Miyake, Yuichiro Yoshioka, Kanji Miyata
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Wen-Yi Zhang, Xing-Xing Chen, Wen-Hao Chen, Hui Zhang, Chang-Lin Zou
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Chew-Teng Kor, Yao-Peng Hsieh, Chia-Chu Chang, Ping-Fang Chiu
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Tihana Boraska Jelavić, Toni Boban, Luka Brčić, Eduard Vrdoljak
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Takahiro HOSOI, Norihiro YUASA, Eiji TAKEUCHI, Yasutomo GOTO, Hideo MIYAKE, Hidemasa NAGAI, Yuichiro YOSHIOKA, Kanji MIYATA
Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2017; 78(5): 905. CrossRef
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Clinica Chimica Acta.2016; 452: 199. CrossRef

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A Retrospective Study of First-Line Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Korean Single-Center Experience: Soon Il Lee, Se Hoon Park, Do Hyoung Lim, Keon Woo Park, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(2):96-101. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.2.96

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
Fluoropyrimidine-based combination chemotherapy, in combination with either oxaliplatin or irinotecan, has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (ACC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between January 2006 and December 2007, a total of 478 ACC patients were treated with combination chemotherapy in first-line settings. Combination therapies included: 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX, n=172), 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid plus irinotecan (FOLFIRI, n=95), capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX, n=155), and capecitabine plus irinotecan (XELIRI, n=56). FOLFOX and FOLFIRI were repeated every 2 weeks, whereas XELOX and XELIRI were repeated every 3 weeks until occurrence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or until a patient chose to discontinue treatment.
RESULTS
The median age was 58 years (range, 19 to 84 years) and the median chemotherapy durations for FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, XELOX, and XELIRI were 4.9, 4.5, 5.7, and 5.4 months, respectively. Combination chemotherapy regimens were generally well tolerated. The estimated median progression-free-survival (PFS) for all patients was 6.8 months (95% confidence interval, 6.3 to 7.3 months). No statistically significant difference in PFS was found among regimens used as first-line chemotherapy. Sixty percent (n=290) of patients received second or further lines of therapy after failure.
CONCLUSION
Fluoropyrimidine-based combination chemotherapy regimens appear to be equally active and tolerable as first-line therapy for ACC.

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Nineteen-year, real-world experience of first-line combination chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a propensity score analysis from southern Thailand
Jirapat Wonglhow, Chirawadee Sathitruangsak, Arunee Dechaphunkul, Patrapim Sunpaweravong
Journal of International Medical Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Polymorphisms in TYMS for Prediction of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome in Chinese Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Si-Qi Dong, Tong-Min Wang, Jiang-Bo Zhang, Yong-Qiao He, Wen-Qiong Xue, Zi-Yi Wu, Da-Wei Yang, Lian-Jing Cao, Jing-Wen Huang, Xi-Zhao Li, Pei-Fen Zhang, Xiao-Hui Zheng, Wei-Hua Jia
Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(3): 724. CrossRef

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Oxaliplatin-Induced Chronic Peripheral Neurotoxicity: A Prospective Analysis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: Kyung Kee Baek, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang, Yong Beom Cho, Seong Hyeon Yun, Hee Cheol Kim, Woo Yong Lee, Ho-Kyung Chun; Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(4):185-190. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2010.42.4.185

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Oxaliplatin-induced chronic peripheral neurotoxicity (OXCPN) manifests as a loss of sensation and dysesthesia in the distal extremities, which may impair daily activities and increase in incidence with the amount of oxaliplatin delivered. The variation in the reported incidence and severity of OXCPN may be a consequence of differences in the baseline characteristics of patients.

Materials and Methods

This was a prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00977717) in which OXCPN was recorded for all consecutive colon cancer patients treated at Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) with oxaliplatin-based combination chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the incidence of severe OXCPN (grade 2 lasting for >7 days, or grade 3). The association of severe OXCPN and pretreatment parameters was evaluated using a multivariate regression model.

Results

Between Jan 2008 and Feb 2010, 100 patients treated with adjuvant folinic acid/fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and 266 patients treated with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) or FOLFOX for advanced disease were registered into our study. The median cumulative dose of oxaliplatin was 796 mg/m² (range, 85 to 1,583 mg/m²). Severe OXCPN was observed in 126 (34%) patients. Overall, 43 patients discontinued chemotherapy due to toxicity: 23 without severe OXCPN and 20 with severe OXCPN. In univariate analysis, severe OXCPN was frequently observed in patients with age ≥55 years (p<0.01), stage II or III (p<0.01), adjuvant setting (p=0.01), FOLFOX (p<0.01), performance status of 0 (p=0.02), and those with no prior chemotherapy (p<0.01). In a multivariate regression model, the number of chemotherapy cycles and the cumulative oxaliplatin dose were not associated with the development of severe OXCPN.

Conclusion

We failed to find a significant association between patient characteristics at baseline and the development of severe OXCPN after oxaliplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Pharmacogenomic profiling using genome-wide association study in these patients is underway.

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International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2012; 27(12): 1645. CrossRef

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Predictive Value of the ERCC1 Expression for Treatment Response and Survival in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Cisplatin-based First-line Chemotherapy: Jina Yun, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jung-Hoon Kim, Jung A Kim, Jee Hyun Kong, Soo Hyeon Lee, Young-Woong Won, Jong-Mu Sun, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(2):101-106. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2010.42.2.101

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Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine whether the ERCC1 expression is effective to predict the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and who were treated with cisplatin-based first-line chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods

A total of 89 measurable AGC patients received cisplatin and capecitabine, with or without epirubicin, as a part of a randomized phase II study. Patients were included for the current molecular analysis if they had received two or more cycles of chemotherapy, their objective tumor responses were measured and if their paraffin-embedded tumor samples were available. The ERCC1 expression was examined by performing immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and the patients were divided into two groups (positive or negative) according to the presence of IHC staining of the tumor cell nuclei.

Results

Of the 32 eligible patients, 21 patients (66%) had tumor with a positive expression of ERCC1 and the remaining 11 patients had tumor with a negative ERCC1-expression. The ERCC1-negative patients achieved a higher response rate than that of the ERCC1-positive patients (44% vs. 28%, respectively), although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.42). The median survival time for the all patients was 14.6 months (95% CI: 13.6 to 15.6 months). The one-year survival rate was similar for the ERCC1-negative patients (61%) and the ERCC1-positive patients (70%).

Conclusion

In the current study, the tumor ERCC1 expression by IHC staining could not predict the clinical response or survival of AGC patients who were treated with cisplatin-based first-line chemotherapy. The ERCC1 protein expression does not appear to be a useful tool for the selection of tailored chemotherapy for these patients.

Citations

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Histopathological regression of gastric adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy: a critical review
Eduardo Henrique Cunha Neves Filho, Rosane Oliveira de Sant'Ana, Luiz Vianney Saldanha Cidrão Nunes, Adriana Pinheiro Bezerra Pires, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Saldanha da Cunha
APMIS.2017; 125(2): 79. CrossRef
Predictive biomarkers for targeted and cytotoxic agents in gastric cancer for personalized medicine
Shalong Wang, Lianwen Yuan
BioScience Trends.2016; 10(3): 171. CrossRef
Influence of ERCC1 and ERCC4 polymorphisms on response to prognosis in gastric cancer treated with FOLFOX-based chemotherapy
Zheng-mao Lu, Tian-hang Luo, Ming-ming Nie, Guo-en Fang, Li-ye Ma, Xu-chao Xue, Guo Wei, Chong-we Ke, Jian-wei Bi
Tumor Biology.2014; 35(4): 2941. CrossRef
The prognostic value of ERCC1 expression in gastric cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy: a meta-analysis
Kong-Kong Wei, Lei Jiang, Yao-Yao Wei, Yu-Feng Wang, Xuan-Kun Qian, Qiang Dai, Quan-Lin Guan
Tumor Biology.2014; 35(9): 8721. CrossRef
Predictive value of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 expression for platinum-based chemotherapy and survival in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis
Anqi Yao, You Wang, Xiaohong Peng, Rong Ye, Qiaoli Wang, Yuexiao Qi, Fuxiang Zhou
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2014; 140(12): 2107. CrossRef
Correlation between expressions of ERCC1/TS mRNA and effects of gastric cancer to chemotherapy in the short term
Liqi Chen, Guoli Li, Jieshou Li, Chaogang Fan, Jian Xu, Bo Wu, Kun Liu, Caihua Zhang
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2013; 71(4): 921. CrossRef
ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism and the risk and invasiveness of cervical cancer in Korean women
Seung‐Su HAN, Jae Weon KIM, Sang Hoon LEE, Dong Ho KIM, Noh‐Hyun PARK, Yong‐Sang SONG, Soon‐Beom KANG
Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
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Joshua D. Lawson, Jason K. Sicklick, Paul T. Fanta
Current Problems in Cancer.2011; 35(3): 97. CrossRef

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Case Reports

Three Cases of Synchronous Solid Tumor and Multiple Myeloma: Sang Hoon Ji, Joon Oh Park, Jeeyun Lee, Mi Jung Oh, Do Hyoung Lim, Byeong-Bae Park, Keun Woo Park, Se-Hoon Lee, Kihyun Kim, Won Seog Kim, Chul Won Jung, Young Suk Park, Young-Hyuck Im, Won Ki Kang, Mark H Lee, Keunchil Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2004;36(5):338-340. Published online October 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2004.36.5.338

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The association between a multiple myeloma and a secondary solid tumor is not well established. Some reports showed an increased risk of secondary solid neoplasms in multiple myeloma patients, but others have not. Three cases of the synchronous occurrence of multiple myelomas and solid tumors, namely, a small cell carcinoma of the lung, an adenocarcinoma of the colon and a squamous carcinoma of the pyriform sinus were experienced at our hospital. Therefore, herein is reported the clinical courses and treatment results. The stage of multiple myeloma was Durie-Salmon stage I in all of three cases; therefore, the solid tumors were treated as a primary target because the prognosis of early stage multiple myeloma is generally better than that of advanced solid tumor, while a smoldering or stage I myeloma do not need primary therapy until progression of the multiple myeloma. Two patients died of their solid tumors, but one patient is alive.

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Koki Tamai, Hajime Hirose, Yo Akazawa, Yukihiro Yoshikawa, Masatoshi Nomura, Hiroshi Takeyama, Masahiro Tokunaga, Mitsuyoshi Tei, Shu Okamura, Yusuke Akamaru
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M. F. Petrukhnova, O. O. Voronkova, O. E. Buyanova, O. N. Antyufeeva, A. E. Kamalova, M. V. Kozhevnikova, I. S. Ilgisonis, Yu. N. Belenkov
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Fang Ye, Huan Wang, Ningning Li, Aijun Liu, Wenming Chen
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2024; 67(2): 390. CrossRef
Simultaneous multiple myeloma and non‑small cell lung carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Huan-Huan Dong, Jing Li, Lin Kang, Qiang Wei, Yan Li
Oncology Letters.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Rapid progression of gastric cancer with liver metastasis after discontinuation of lenalidomide in a patient with concurrent multiple myeloma: A case report
Naoto Ujiie, Yoshitaka Enomoto, Naruhito Takido, Yasushi Kawaharada, Masashi Zuguchi, Yosuke Kubota
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2021; 81: 105834. CrossRef
Bortezomib combined with lenalidomide as the first-line treatment for the rare synchronous occurrence of multiple myeloma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Wenli Zuo, Xinghu Zhu, Jingke Yang, Zhenyang Mei, Mei Deng, Quande Lin, Yongping Song, Qingsong Yin
Medicine.2017; 96(1): e5787. CrossRef
Drastic Response to Nivolumab in a Case Demonstrating a Rapid Recurrence of Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma That Developed After Chemotherapy for Comorbid Myeloma Kidney
Aya Yamamoto, Takashi Iwata, Koji Hashimoto
Haigan.2017; 57(7): 849. CrossRef
Challenges in managing a patient with multiple primary malignancies
Nataliya Mar, David Askin, Jerry George, Colette Spaccavento, Robert Graham, Lynn Ratner
Community Oncology.2012; 9(12): 377. CrossRef
¿Asociación entre colangiocarcinoma y mieloma múltiple?
Laura Gómez-Escolar Viejo, Gema Soler Sala, Vanessa Castaño Giraldo, José María Palazón Azorín, Miguel Pérez-Mateo Regadera
Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2008; 31(6): 402. CrossRef
Synchronous Presentation of Multiple Myeloma and Lung Cancer
Rishu Agarwal, Ritu Gupta, Archana Bhaskar, Atul Sharma, Sanjay Thulkar, Lalit Kumar
Journal of Clinical Oncology.2008; 26(35): 5814. CrossRef

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Use of GCDFP-15 (BRST-2) as a Specific Immunocytochemical Marker for Diagnosis of Gastric Metastasis of Breast Carcinoma: Keon Woo Park, Young Hyuck Im, Jeeyun Lee, Eungho Kim, Hyuk Lee, Bong Geun Song, Joon Oh Park, Kihyun Kim, Chul Won Jung, Young Suk Park, Won Ki Kang, Mark H Lee, Keunchil Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(5):460-464. Published online October 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.5.460

Abstract PDF

Metastasis of breast cancer to the stomach is relatively uncommon and typically occurs in patients with disseminated diseases. This may cause difficulty in differentiating it from primary gastric carcinoma. The correct diagnosis of the primary source is important, since the treatment and prognosis of metastatic breast cancer is quite different from those of metastatic gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical staining with GCDFP-15 (gross cystic disease fluid protein-15) can be used to differentiate primary gastric carcinoma and gastric metastasis from breast cancer. We report two cases of gastric metastasis of breast cancer by describing their clinical course, illustrating the histologic findings, and showing the results of immunohistochemical staining with GCDFP-15.

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Peng-Yue Zhao, Zhen-Ting Zhao, Song-Yan Li, Fiona Simpson, Xiao-Hui Du
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Prognostic Role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast Cancer
Natalia Sauer, Igor Matkowski, Grażyna Bodalska, Marek Murawski, Piotr Dzięgiel, Jacek Calik
Cells.2023; 12(18): 2252. CrossRef
Gastric Metastasis from Breast Cancer
So Yoon Yoon, Ki-Nam Shim
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2013; 61(1): 54. CrossRef
Colon Obstruction due to Colonic Metastasis of a Breast Carcinoma
Do Hyoung Kim, In Kyu Lee, Chang Hyun Oh, Yoon Suk Lee, Jong Kyung Park, Woo Chan Park, Hae Myung Jeon, Jae Ho Byun, Gyeoung-Sin Park, Suk Kyun Chang
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2008; 24(2): 144. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis in Solid Tumors; Clinical Manifestation and Treatment: Joon Oh Park, Hyun Joon Shin, Hyung Jong Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Hei Cheul Jeung, Seung Min Kim, Nae Choon Yoo, Hyun Cheol Chung, Joo Hang Kim, Byung Soo Kim, Jin Sik Min, Jae Kyung Roh; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2001;33(1):34-40.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis occurs in about 5% of patients with solid tumor and is being diagnosed with increasing frequency as patients live longer and as neuro-imaging studies improve. In general, the most commom cancers that involved the leptomeninges are breast cancer, lung cancer, and malignant melanoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We investigated 25 patients presented with multiple neurologic symptoms and signs who were diagnosed with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis at the Yonsei Cancer Center from January 1990 to December 1999.
RESULTS
The primary disease of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis were stomach cancer (10 cases), breast cancer (7 cases), lung cancer (5 cases), unknown primary cancer (2 cases) and common bile duct cancer (1 case). All patients were presented with multiple neurologic symptoms and signs involving the central nervous system (CNS), cranial nerve or spinal nerves. Twenty-one of twenty- five patients were treated with intrathecal chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combination therapy. Fourteen of them (66.7%) experienced improvement or stabilization of neurologic symptom and sign. The median survival was 122 days (10-2190).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, although early diagnosis and active treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis may improve the quality of life in selected patients, the median survival was relatively short. Therefore, new diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis were needed.

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Results of Definitive Radiation Therapy in Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Sang Wook Lee, Chang Ok Suh, Eun Ji Chung, Gwi Eon Kim, Kyung Ran Park, Kang Kyoo Lee, Ik Jae Lee, Tchan Kyu Park, Jaewook Kim, Jong Taek Park, Jae Uk Shim, Joon Oh Park; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2001;33(1):21-26.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To define the clinical features and pattern of failure and to evaluate the results of radiation treatment in of adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From Jun. 1981 to Dec. 1997, 43 patients with adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were retrospectively analyzed external radiation treatment and HDR-ICR from Yonsei cancer center and Wonju cristian hospital. The median age was 51. Stage distribution according to FIGO were stage 1b in 10, 2a in 5, 2b in 18, 3b in 9, 4a in 1. Median follow-up period was 41 months.
RESULTS
Overall survival rate and disease free survival rate were 57.2% and 60.2%. Complete response rate was 86.0%. Locoregional failure was observed in seven patients.
CONCLUSION
Major pattern of failure was locoregional failure. Adenosquamous cell carcinoma was not more aggressive than other pathologic types.

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The Efficacy and Safety of Docetaxel in Patients with Anthracychne pretreated Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Phase II Study: Joong Bae Ahn, Kwang Yong Shim, Joon Oh Park, Hei Chul Jung, Nae Choon Yoo, Hyun Cheol Chung, Joo Hang Kim, Jin Hyuk Choi, Hyun Soo Kim, Hugh Chul Kim, Woo Kun Kim, Jae Kyung Roh; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(2):235-243.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Tbis phase II study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel in patients with anthracycline-pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From September 1996 to January 1998, 27 patients with metastatic breast cancer from 31 to 63 years of age with a performance status of 0 to 2 were registered in the phase II trial. All patients had metastatic breast cancer which had progressed or relapsed 2 during or after treatment with an anthracycline-based regimen. Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 was ad- ministered over 1 hour every 21 days until disease progression was documented or until toxic effects precluded further therapy. All patients received dexamethasone orally at the dose of 16 mg on days -1, 0, 1 of each cycle.
RESULTS
Objective responses were seen in 9 of 25 assessable patients (two complete and seven partial responses), with an overall objective response rale of 36%. The median duration of response was 36 weeks (range 19.0~40.5). The median time to progression and survival duration were 17.5 and 69 weeks, respectively, for assessable patients. One hundred fifty cycles (median, five) of docetaxel were administered. Among 27 patients assessable for toxicity, the following side effects were reported: nadir neutropenia grade 3 (4 patients) and grade 4 (22 patients); grade 2 stomatitis (6 patients); grade 2 alopecia (5 patients); grade 2 to 3 neurosensory toxicity (4 patients); no hypersensitivity reaction; mild fluid retention (4 patients).
CONCLUSION
Docetaxel is an active agent in patients with antracycline-pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Docetaxel was associated with severe but reversible neutropenia. Dexamethasone prevented hypersensitivity reactions and appeared to ameliorate fluid retention.

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Tumor - specific Virus Replication and Cytotoxicity of E1B 55 kD - deleted Adenovirus: Jaesung Kim, Boyoung Lee, Jinahn Kim, Joong Bae Ahn, Joon Oh Park, Nae Chun Yoo, Joo Hang Kim, Jae Kyung Roh, Jin Sik Min, Byung Soo Kim, Heuiran Lee; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(1):200-209.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To overcome the limitations of cancer gene therapy using replication-incom- petent adenovirus, we generated E1B 55 kD-deleted adenovirus (YKL-1) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and homologous recombination. We then investigated tumor-specific virus replication and cytotoxicity of YKL-1 in vitro and in vivo.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
YKL-1 was constructed by reintroducting E1A and E1B 19 kD into pTG-CMV El/E3-deficient adenoviral vector and inducing homologous recombination in E. coli. The recombinant vector pYKL-1 was transfected into 293 cells to generate YKL-1. The properties of newly constructed YKL-1 was defined by PCR and immuno- blotting analysis. Virus replication was examined by infecting human normal and cancer cells on 6-wells at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 for 3 days. Virus was then recovered and titered. Cytopathic effect was analyzed by infecting human normal and cancer cells on 24-wells at MOIs of 10, 1 or 0.1 for 7 to 10 days and staining them with crystal violet solution. Inhibition of tumor growth was examined in human cancer cell xenografts in nu/nu mice by intratumoral injection of YKL-l.
RESULTS
PCR and immunoblotting analysis confirmed that YKL-1 contained E1A and E1B 19 kD but not E1B 55 kD. In human normal cells, virus replication and subsequent cytopathic effect of E1B 55 kD-deleted adenovirus YKL-1 was markedly attenuated by larger than 2 to 3 log in magnitude, compared to that of wild-type ad-XJ. In contrast, YKL-1 was capable of replicating and inducing cytotoxicity i.n most human cancer cells. C33A and Hep3B containing p53 mutation were much more sensitive, whereas HeLa and H460 with wild type p53 were relatively resistant to YKL-1. Finally, the tumor growth was dramatically retarded by intratumoral injection of YKL-1 in C33A cervical cancer xenograft and the histology showed significant necrosis by intratumoral injection of YKL-1.
CONCLUSION
The results here demonstrated the ability of preferential virus replication and cytotoxicity of ElB 55 kD-deleted adenovirus YKL-1 in human cancer cells. Therefore, these indicated a promising potential of YKL-1 as an antitumoral virus agent and a selective replication-competent virus vector.

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Clinical Significance of Urokinase - type Plasminogen Activator Receptor ( uPAR ) Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues: Soo Jung Gong, Sun Young Rha, Hei Chul Jung, Joon Oh Park, Nae Choon Yoo, Jae Kyung Roh, Woo Ick Yang, Kyong Sik Lee, Jin Sik Min, Byung Soo Kim, Hyun Cheol Chung; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(1):53-59.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Cancer invasion is induced by several proteolytic enzyme systems associated with the destruction of basement membrane and extracellular matrix. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) have been reported as prognostic factors in breast cancer patients and plasminogen activation is regulated by various factor such as uPAR and growth factor. So we examined the tissue levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in breast cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Tissue uPAR levels were measured by ELISA assay in 268 breast cancer patients.
RESULTS
The median and mean values of tissue uPAR level in breast cancer were 3.5 ng/mg and 4.8+-3.6 ng/mg cytosol protein, respectively. Tissue uPAR level was the highest in T1 stage, but there was no statistical significance between T stage (p >0.05). In nodal stage, there was also no difference in the value of uPAR according to progression. And the value of uPAR expression was not associated with estrogen and progesteron receptor status, number of involved node and percent of node involvement. In TNM stage, tissue uPAR levels were higher in patients with stage I-II than in patients with stage III-IV (p=0.027). In univariate analysis, nodal factor (p=0.0023) and TNM stage (p=0.0004) were significantly associated with overall survival. But, multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage was the only significant prognostic factor (p=0.0002). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that uPAR is mainly associated with initial tumor invasion and other factors might be involved in later stages of cancer progression.

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Clinical Relevance of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator ( uPA ) , uPA Receptor , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Co-expression from Tissue and Serum of Breast Cancer as Targets of Biotherapy: Sun Young Rha, Joon Oh Park, Soo Jung Gong, Se Ho Park, Nae Choon Yoo, Woo Ick Yang, Jae Kyung Roh, Jin Sik Min, Kyong Sik Lee, Byung Soo Kim, Hyun Cheol Chung; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(2):256-266.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We measured and compared the uPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and uPA receptor (uPAR) levels in breast cancer tissues and blood of the patients to evaluate their clinical relevance for biotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
uPA, PAI-1 (Monozyme, Netherland), uPAR (American Diagnostics, USA) levels were measured by ELISA assay in 192 breast cancer tissues, in 18 normal breast tissues and in 163 blood from breast cancer patients. RESULTS: There was a tendency of uPA increment from ductal carcinoma in situ while increment of PAI-1 and uPAR occurred from Ti. With the progression of cancer, uPA, PAI-1, uPAR tended to decrease; however, the uPA/uPAR, uPA/PAI-1 ratios remained unchanged. There was a correlation of uPA expression between normal and cancer tissues ( r(2)= 0.49). Correlation of uPA and PAI-1 was found in normal tissue and stage I cancer tissue while correlation of uPAR and PAI-1 was found with cancer progression. Between cancer tissue and blood significant correlations were found in uPA, PAI-1, uPAR levels.
CONCLUSION
uPA, PAI-1, uPAR levels in cancer tissue elevated from the early stage maintaining correlative expressions with cancer progression. A positive correlation between cancer tissue and blood level suggested the applicability of the levels of uPA, PAI-1 or uPAR for detecting patients for biotherapy.

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Plasma TGF-beta1 as a Tumor Marker in Breast Cancer Patients: Hwa Young Lee, Sun Young Rah, Soo Jung Gong, Joong Bae Ahn, Kwang Yong Shim, Joon Oh Park, Hyun Ja Kwon, Nae Choon Yoo, Sook Jung Jeong, Hyun Cheol Chung, Joo Hang Kim, Kyong Sik Lee, Jin Sik Min, Byung Soo Kim, Jae Kyung Roh; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(5):935-942.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Transforming Growth Factor-beta1(TGF-beta1) is the most potent inhibitor of the progression of normal mammary epithelial cells through the cell cycle. However, advanced breast cancers are mostly refractory to TGF-beta mediated growth inhibition and produce large amounts of TGF-beta, which may enhance tumor cell invasion and metastasis by its effects on extracellular matrix. Yet, little is known about the association of TGF-beta1 with progression of malignant disease in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the preoperative and postoperative plama level of TGF- in breast cancer and analyzed the utility of plasma TGF-beta1 as possible tumor marker.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to measure plasma TGF-beta1 level in 45 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and in 15 normal healthy people, and the results were compared with clinicopathologic characteristics.
RESULTS
The mean plasma TGF-beta1 levels were 1.73+/-0.47 ng/ml in normal people and 5.05+/-1.41 ng/ml in breast cancer patiens. In 37 operated patients, the preoperative plasma TGF-beta1 level was 6.34+/-1.34 ng/ml and decreased to 4.48+/-1.07 ng/ml in patients with follow-up after surgery and 4.74+/-0.79 ng/ml in patients with chemotherapy. However, there was no significant correlation between plasma TGF-beta1 level and known prognostic factors including tumor size, LN involvement, tumor grade, hormone receptor status, and pathology.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that the plasma TGF-g level can be a tumor marker in breast cancer patients and the association with progression of breast cancer will be explored in future studies.

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Microsatellite Instability Correlate with a Prognosis in Breast Cancer: Hwa Young Lee, Chengshi Quan, Soo Jung Gong, Joon Oh Park, Joong Bae Ahn, Kwang Yong Shim, Sun Young Rha, Nae Choon Yoo, Woo Ick Yang, Joo Hang Kim, Jae Kyung Roh, Kyong Sik Lee, Byung Soo Kim, Hyun Cheol Chung; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(5):914-920.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Microsatellite instability in patients with defects in the mismatch repair system resulting in RER has a high risk of accumulating mutations in oncogene and tumor suppressor gene. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of microsatellite instability in breast cancer by comparing PCR-amplified sequences from frozen samples of normal and tumor tissue fram affected patients. We also investigated whether RER was associated with TGF-beta RII mutation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty surgically resected breast cancer specimens from Jan. 1996 to June, 1997 were used for study. Microsatellite instability(referred to as replication error, RER) at three loci with BAT 26, BAT 40, TA10 was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and the results were compared with clinicopathologic characteristics.
RESULTS
Of the 50 breast cancer patients, 14(28%) were RER(+) at one or more microsatellite loci, and 4(8%) showed TGF-beta RII mutation. Microsatellite instability was significantly correlated with lymph node involvement(especially in case of 4 or more lymph nodes involvement). But we could not find any correlation between RER and other prognostic factors including tumor size, tumor grade, hormone receptor status and pathology. One of fourteen tumors with RER(+) showed TGF-beta RII mutstion. There was no signiticant correlation between RER(+) and TGF-beta type II receptor gene mutation.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that microsatellite instability would be useful prognostic factor in unilateral breast cancer patients, and the role of targeting to gene mutation will be explored in future studies.

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Clinical Significance of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Expression from Serum and Tissue of Gastric Cancer Patients: Hyun Cheol Chung, Joon Oh Park, Hyun Ja Kwon, Tae Soo Kim, Hei Cheol Chung, Soo Jung Gong, Hwa Young Lee, Sun Young Rha, Nae Choon Yoo, Joo Hang Kim, Jae Kyung Roh, Sung Hoon Noh, Jin Sik Min, Byung Soo Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(5):765-773.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We measured the gastric cancer tissue uPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels and compared them to those of the peripheral and portal blood levels to evaluate the correlation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Tissue uPA and PAI-1 levels were measured by ELISA assay (Monozyme, Netherland) in paired 85 normal and cancer tissues resected from gastric cancer patients. In 50 patients, blood uPA and PAI-1 levels were measured from pre- operative peripheral and portal blood, post-operative portal blood.
RESULTS
Gastric cancer tissue uPA and PAI-1 levels increased from the early stage. The elevated cancer-to-normal ratios of the uPA and PAI-1 were constant from stage I to IV. There were correlations of uPA between normal and cancer tissues (r2=0.38) and between peripheral and pre-resection portal blood level (r2=0.64). There were no correlations between tissue PAI-1 level and blood PAI-1 levels. However, there were correlations in PAI- 1/uPA ratio between cancer tissue and peripheral blood (r2=0.25), peripheral blood and pre- resection portal blood (r2=0.60).
CONCLUSION
Even if the cancer tissue levels of uPA and PAI-1 increased from the early stage of gastric cancer, only blood uPA level correlated with tissue uPA level. A modest correlation found in PAI-1/uPA ratio between cancer tissue and blood suggests applicability of blood PAI-1/uPA ratio in predicting tissue uPA, PAI-1 expression.

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Synchronous Expression of Circulating Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) During Gastric Cancer Progression: Hei Cheol Chung, Joon Oh Park, Sun Young Rha, Hyun Cheol Chung, Soo Jung Gong, Choong Bae Kim, Joo Hang Kim, Jae Kyung Roh, Jin Sik Min, Byung Soo Kim, Sung Hoon Noh; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(1):81-92.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The circulating forms of ICAM-1 (cICAM-1) and VCAM-1 (cVCAM-1) has been reported from supernatant of cytokine activated endothelial cells, cancer cells and from cancer patient serum even though the biological significance of the cCAMs are not fully elucidated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
To evaluate the correlation of the expression of cICAM-1 and cVCAM-1 and prognosis in gastric cancer, we measured cICAM-1 and cVCAM-1 levels in 20 healthy volunteers and 142 gastric cancer patients' sera by ELISA assay. Also we compared cCAMs levels with vascular endothelial growth factor (sVEGF) and FP. Ninety-five patients were operable and 47 patients were advanced or relapsed state at the time of the study. In 28 operable patients, we simultaneously sampled portal and peripheral vein and measured the cCAMs.
RESULTS
The cCAMs level and positive rate in serum increased with cancer progression from healthy control, operable to advanced or relapsed gastric cancer. In advanced cancer, cICAM-1 level increased with liver metastasis. The cICAM-1 level in portal blood was correlated modestly with that in peripheral blood. And in cVCAM-1 positive subgroup, cCAM-1 level correlated with cVCAM-1 level. The peripheral cICAM-1 level decreased in 6% compared to that of portal cICAM-1 level while peripheral cVCAM-1 level increased in 1% compared to that of portal level. Synchronous expression of both cCAMs was found in 58.3% of the patients with liver metastasis and 22.9% of the patients without liver metastasis (p=0.03). But, there were no correlation between cCAMs and FP expression regardless of liver metastasis. The sVEGF level correlated with neither cICAM-1 nor cVCAM-1 level regardless of liver metastasis. The median disease-free and overall survival of patients with synchronous cICAM-1 and cVCAM-1 expression was 8 months and 9 months, while in patients without co-expression it was more than 24 months and 23 months respectively.
CONCLUSION
We suggest that synchronous cICAM-1 and cVCAM-1 elevation may be a useful monitor of tumor burden and progression in gastric cancer, especially in liver metastasis.

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A Retrospective Comparison of Infusional 5-Fluorouracil , Doxorubicin , Mitomycin - C ( Modified FAM ) Combination Chemotherapy Versus Palliative Therapy in: Joon Oh Park, Jae Kyung Roh, Hyun Cheol Chung, Hyun Jin Noh, Jae Yong Cho, Sun Young Rha, Chong In Lee, Cheol Woo Kim, Joo Hang Kim, Choong Bai Kim, Sung Hoon Noh, Kyong Sik Lee, Jin Sik Min, Byung S; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(2):165-175.

Abstract PDF: In Korea, gastric cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. About one-third of the patients with gastric cancer is unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Their median survival is less than 6 months with very poor prognosis. Accordingly, various regimens of chemotherapy have been proposed as intensive treatment for unresectable patients. After MacDonald et aL reported 42% response rate and 9 months response duration using combination of 5-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin and Mitomycin-CFAM), it became the most widely used regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, despite of high initial response rate, there was no survival benefit in randomised comparative trials. To increase the drug effect, we modified the standard FAM regimen by continuously infusing the 5- Fluorouracil instead of bolus injection(modified FAM). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical recoreds of 409 patients with histologically proven advanced gastric cancer in Yonsei University Medical Center and Yonsei Cencer Center between Jan. 1, 1991 and Dec. 31, 1993. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of infusional FAM combination chemotherapy compared with other palliative therapy in advanced gastric cancer. Among 409 patients, 266 were male and 143 were female with a median age of 57-year(range: 15~75). There were 202 patients in mFAM-treated group and 207 patients in control group. In mFAM-treated group, 140 patients had no surgery, 30 patients underwent a palliative bypass and 32 patients underwent a palliative resection. In control group, 151 patients had no surgery, 33 patients underwent a palliative bypass and 23 patients underwent a palliative resection. In preoperative staging, 257 patients had locally advanced disease, 48 had carcinomatosis and 104 had distant metastasis. There was no difference of distribution in age, sex, perfomance status, preoperative stege and treatment modalities between mFAM-treated and control group. 1) Among 154 of evaluable patients, no CRs were observed. PR were seen in 17.5% of patients in mFAM-treated group. The median response duration was 30 weeks and progression free survival was 23 weeks. 2) Higher 1-year survival rate was demonstrated in mFAM-treated group comparing to control group(34.1% vs 22.5)(p=0.0135). 3) Median survival was longer in mFAM-treated group than that of control group(40 week vs 28 week). 4) The toxicities were relatively tolerable and reversible. This results proposed that the infusional FAM combination chemotherapy showed a probalbility of survival pralongation, especially combined with palliative surgery in advanced gastric cancer. Further prospective randomized study will be warranted.

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Detection of Soluble c-erbB-2 Oncoproteins in the Serum of Gastric Cnacer patients as a Tumor Marker: Hyung Cheol Chung, Joong Bae Ahn, Joon Oh Park, Jae Yong Cho, Sun Young Rha, Chong In Lee, Hye Ran Lee, Nae Choon Yoo, Joo Hang Kim, Jae Kyung Roh, Sung Hoon Noh, Jin Sik Min, Byung Soo Kim, Ho Yeon; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(2):175-184.

Abstract PDF: A soluble fragment of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein become detectable in the serum of the breast cancer petients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). To evaluate the clinical sig- nificance of soluble c-erbB-2 in gastric cancer, we measured the serum levels in 45 normal healthy persons and in 86 gastric cancer patients. Fifty-five patients were underwent surgery(47 curative surgery, 8 palliative surgery) and thirty-one patients were inoperable(18 advanced, 8 relapsed, 6 progressed after palliative surgery). The c-erbB-2 serum levels were below 14 U/ml in normal persons. Three of 86(3.5%) sam- ples from gastric cancer patients had elevated serum c-erbB-2 leveL In 55 operated patients, all serum samples were negative for c-erbB-2. Elevated serum levels were predominantly found in patients with initially advanced cancers(3/18: 16.7%). In 22 operated cases, immunohisto- chemical staining showed 36.4% c-erbB-2 positive ratio(8/22) in tissues. Comparing the results from sera and tissues studies, the sensitivity of serum ELISA assay was too low even if the specificity was high. Our data suggest that the soluble c-erbB-2 oncoprotein can be a tumor marker only in advanced stage of gastric cancer. Further studies are warrented to elucidate the discrepancy between the serum and tissue results in oprable early stage gastric cancer.

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