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Gastrointestinal cancer
Fecal Microbial Dysbiosis Is Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Korean Population
Jeongseon Kim, Madhawa Gunathilake, Hyun Yang Yeo, Jae Hwan Oh, Byung Chang Kim, Nayoung Han, Bun Kim, Hyojin Pyun, Mi Young Lim, Young-Do Nam, Hee Jin Chang
Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):198-211.   Published online July 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.382
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The association between the fecal microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has been suggested in epidemiologic studies. However, data from large-scale population-based studies are lacking.
Materials and Methods
In this case-control study, we recruited 283 CRC patients from the Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, Korea to perform 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. A total of 283 age- and sex-matched healthy participants were selected from 890 cohort of healthy Koreans that are publicly available (PRJEB33905). The microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) was calculated based on the differentially abundant species. The association between MDI and CRC risk was observed using conditional logistic regression. Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis was performed to integrate species data with microbial pathways obtained by PICRUSt2.
Results
There is a significant divergence of the microbial composition between CRC patients and controls (permutational multivariate analysis of variance p=0.001). Those who were in third tertile of the MDI showed a significantly increased risk of CRC in the total population (odds ratio [OR], 6.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.98 to 12.06; p-trend < 0.001) compared to those in the lowest tertile. Similar results were found for men (OR, 6.28; 95% CI, 3.04 to 12.98; p-trend < 0.001) and women (OR, 7.39; 95% CI, 3.10 to 17.63; p-trend < 0.001). Bacteroides coprocola and Bacteroides plebeius species and 12 metabolic pathways were interrelated in healthy controls that explain 91% covariation across samples.
Conclusion
Dysbiosis in the fecal microbiota may be associated with an increased risk of CRC. Due to the potentially modifiable nature of the gut microbiota, our findings may have implications for CRC prevention among Koreans.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Quantification of Naturally Occurring Prebiotics in Selected Foods
    Arianna Natale, Federica Fiori, Federica Turati, Carlo La Vecchia, Maria Parpinel, Marta Rossi
    Nutrients.2025; 17(4): 683.     CrossRef
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  • 1 Web of Science
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Magnetic Resonance-Based Texture Analysis Differentiating KRAS Mutation Status in Rectal Cancer
Ji Eun Oh, Min Ju Kim, Joohyung Lee, Bo Yun Hur, Bun Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Ji Yeon Baek, Hee Jin Chang, Sung Chan Park, Jae Hwan Oh, Sun Ah Cho, Dae Kyung Sohn
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):51-59.   Published online May 7, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.050
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Mutation of the Kirsten Ras (KRAS) oncogene is present in 30%-40% of colorectal cancers and has prognostic significance in rectal cancer. In this study, we examined the ability of radiomics features extracted from T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images to differentiate between tumors with mutant KRAS and wild-type KRAS.
Materials and Methods
Sixty patients with primary rectal cancer (25 with mutant KRAS, 35 with wild-type KRAS) were retrospectively enrolled. Texture analysis was performed in all regions of interest on MR images, which were manually segmented by two independent radiologists. We identified potentially useful imaging features using the two-tailed t test and used them to build a discriminant model with a decision tree to estimate whether KRAS mutation had occurred.
Results
Three radiomic features were significantly associated with KRASmutational status (p < 0.05). The mean (and standard deviation) skewness with gradient filter value was significantly higher in the mutant KRAS group than in the wild-type group (2.04±0.94 vs. 1.59±0.69). Higher standard deviations for medium texture (SSF3 and SSF4) were able to differentiate mutant KRAS (139.81±44.19 and 267.12±89.75, respectively) and wild-type KRAS (114.55±29.30 and 224.78±62.20). The final decision tree comprised three decision nodes and four terminal nodes, two of which designated KRAS mutation. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the decision tree was 84%, 80%, and 81.7%, respectively.
Conclusion
Using MR-based texture analysis, we identified three imaging features that could differentiate mutant from wild-type KRAS. T2-weighted images could be used to predict KRAS mutation status preoperatively in patients with rectal cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Frontiers in Oncology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Nomogram Development and External Validation for Predicting the Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in T1 Colorectal Cancer
Jung Ryul Oh, Boram Park, Seongdae Lee, Kyung Su Han, Eui-Gon Youk, Doo-Han Lee, Do-Sun Kim, Doo-Seok Lee, Chang Won Hong, Byung Chang Kim, Bun Kim, Min Jung Kim, Sung Chan Park, Dae Kyung Sohn, Hee Jin Chang, Jae Hwan Oh
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1275-1284.   Published online January 17, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.569
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) risk is crucial in determining further treatment strategies following endoscopic resection of T1 colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to establish a new prediction model for the risk of LNM in T1 CRC patients.
Materials and Methods
The development set included 833 patients with T1 CRC who had undergone endoscopic (n=154) or surgical (n=679) resection at the National Cancer Center. The validation set included 722 T1 CRC patients who had undergone endoscopic (n=249) or surgical (n=473) resection at Daehang Hospital. A logistic regression model was used to construct the prediction model. To assess the performance of prediction model, discrimination was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with area under the ROC curve (AUC), and calibration was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) goodness-of-fit test.
Results
Five independent risk factors were determined in the multivariable model, including vascular invasion, high-grade histology, submucosal invasion, budding, and background adenoma. In final prediction model, the performance of the model was good that the AUC was 0.812 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.770 to 0.855) and the HL chi-squared test statistic was 1.266 (p=0.737). In external validation, the performance was still good that the AUC was 0.771 (95% CI, 0.708 to 0.834) and the p-value of the HL chi-squared test was 0.040. We constructed the nomogram with the final prediction model.
Conclusion
We presented an externally validated new prediction model for LNM risk in T1 CRC patients, guiding decision making in determining whether additional surgery is required after endoscopic resection of T1 CRC.

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Genetic Risk Score, Combined Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Young Ae Cho, Jeonghee Lee, Jae Hwan Oh, Hee Jin Chang, Dae Kyung Sohn, Aesun Shin, Jeongseon Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1033-1040.   Published online October 18, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.447
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Both genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer, but each individual factor has a limited effect. Therefore, we investigated the association between colorectal cancer and the combined effects of genetic factors or/and lifestyle risk factors.
Materials and Methods
In a case-control study of 632 colorectal cancer patients and 1,295 healthy controls, we quantified the genetic risk score for colorectal cancer using 13 polymorphisms. Furthermore, we determined a combined lifestyle risk score including obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary inflammatory index. The associations between colorectal cancer and risk score using these factors were examined using a logistic regression model.
Results
Higher genetic risk scores were associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89 to 3.49 for the highest tertile vs. lowest tertile). Among the modifiable factors, previous body mass index, physical inactivity, heavy alcohol consumption, and a high inflammatory diet were associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. A higher lifestyle risk score was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR, 5.82; 95% CI, 4.02 to 8.44 for the highest tertile vs. lowest tertile). This association was similar in each genetic risk category.
Conclusion
Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with a substantially reduced risk of colorectal cancer regardless of individuals’ genetic risk.

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The Impact of Surgical Timing on Pathologic Tumor Response after Short Course and Long Course Preoperative Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Sea-Won Lee, Jong Hoon Lee, In Kyu Lee, Seong Taek Oh, Dae Yong Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Jae Hwan Oh, Ji Yeon Baek, Hee Jin Chang, Hee Chul Park, Hee Cheol Kim, Eui Kyu Chie, Taek-Keun Nam, Hong Seok Jang
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(3):1039-1050.   Published online November 21, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.252
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
A pooled analysis of multi-institutional trials was performed to analyze the effect of surgical timing on tumor response by comparing short course concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with long course CCRT followed by delayed surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer.
Materials and Methods
Three hundred patients with cT3-4N0-2 rectal adenocarcinoma were included. Long course patients from KROG 14-12 (n=150) were matched 1:1 to 150 short course patients from KROG 10-01 (NCT01129700) and KROG 11-02 (NCT01431599) according to stage, age, and other risk factors. The primary endpoint was to determine the interval between surgery and the last day of neoadjuvant CCRT which yields the best tumor response after the short course and long course CCRT. Downstaging was defined as ypT0-2N0M0 and pathologic complete response (ypCR) was defined as ypT0N0M0, respectively.
Results
Both the long and short course groups achieved lowest downstaging rates at < 6 weeks (long 20% vs. short 8%) and highest downstaging rates at 6-7 weeks (long 44% vs. short 40%). The ypCR rates were lowest at < 6 weeks (both long and short 0%) and highest at 6-7 weeks (long 21% vs. short 11%) in both the short and long course arms. The downstaging and ypCR rates of long course group gradually declined after the peak at 6-7 weeks and those of the short course group trend to constantly increase afterwards.
Conclusion
It is optimal to perform surgery at least 6 weeks after both the short course and long course CCRT to obtain maximal tumor regression in locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.

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  • Association between personality types and low anterior resection syndrome in rectal cancer patients following surgery
    Ting‐Yu Chiang, Yu‐Jen Hsu, Yih‐Jong Chern, Chun‐Kai Liao, Wen‐Sy Tsai, Pao‐Shiu Hsieh, Hung‐Chih Hsu, Yu‐Fen Lin, Hsiu‐Lan Lee, Jeng‐Fu You
    Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Lateral Lymph Node Size and Tumor Distance From Anal Verge Accurately Predict Positive Lateral Pelvic Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Cohort Study
    Jung Hoon Bae, Jumyung Song, Ji Hoon Kim, Bong-Hyeon Kye, In Kyu Lee, Hyeon-Min Cho, Yoon Suk Lee
    Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2023; 66(6): 785.     CrossRef
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    Jung Hoon Bae, Jumyung Song, Ri Na Yoo, Ji Hoon Kim, Bong-Hyeon Kye, In Kyu Lee, Hyeon-Min Cho, Yoon Suk Lee
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(6): 1556.     CrossRef
  • Does a long interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery benefit the clinical outcomes of locally advanced rectal cancer? A systematic review and meta analyses
    Miao Yu, Deng-Chao Wang, Sheng Li, Li-Yan Huang, Jian Wei
    International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2022; 37(4): 855.     CrossRef
  • Predicting Factors of Complete Pathological Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
    AmirHossein Latif, Mohammad Shirkhoda, Mohammad Reza Rouhollahi, Saeed Nemati, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh, Kazem Zendehdel, Ahmad Reza Soroush, Aidin Yaghoobi Notash
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    M. Yu. Fedyanin
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    Wang Qiaoli, Huang Yongping, Xiong Wei, Xu Guoqiang, Ju Yunhe, Liu Qiuyan, Li Cheng, Guo Mengling, Li Jiayi, Xiong Wei, Yang Yi
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  • Comparison of long course and short course preoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Yongjun Yu, Yuwei Li, Chen Xu, Zhao Zhang, Xipeng Zhang
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Redefining the Positive Circumferential Resection Margin by Incorporating Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Treatment Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Multicenter Validation Study
Joo Ho Lee, Eui Kyu Chie, Seung-Yong Jeong, Tae-You Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Sun Young Kim, Ji Yeon Baek, Hee Jin Chang, Min Ju Kim, Sung Chan Park, Jae Hwan Oh, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee, Doo Ho Choi, Hee Chul Park, Sung-Bum Kang, Jae-Sung Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(2):506-517.   Published online May 24, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.607
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study was conducted to validate the prognostic influence of treatment response among patients with positive circumferential resection margin for locally advanced rectal cancer.
Materials and Methods
Clinical data of 197 patientswith positive circumferentialresection margin defined as ≤ 2 mm after preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision between 2004 and 2009were collected forthis multicenter validation study. All patients underwent median 50.4Gy radiationwith concurrentfluoropyrimidine based chemotherapy. Treatmentresponse was dichotomized to good response, including treatmentresponse of grade 2 or 3, and poor response, including grade 0 or 1.
Results
After 52 months median follow-up, 5-year overall survival (OS) for good responders and poor responders was 79.1% and 48.4%, respectively (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, circumferential resection margin involvement and treatment response were a prognosticator for OS and locoregional recurrence-free survival. In subgroup analysis, good responders with close margin showed significantly better survival outcomes for survival. Good responders with involved margin and poor responders with close margin shared similar results, whereas poorresponderswith involved margin hadworst survival (5-year OS, 81.2%, 57.0%, 50.0%, and 32.4%, respectively; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Among patients with positive circumferential resection margin after preoperative chemoradiotherapy, survival of the good responders was significantly better than poor responders. Subgroup analysis revealed that definition of positive circumferential resection margin may be individualized as involvement for good responders, whereas ≤ 2 mm for poor responders.

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  • Tailored Strategy for Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma (GRECCAR 4): Long-term Results From a Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Phase II Trial
    Philippe Rouanet, Eric Rullier, Bernard Lelong, Philippe Maingon, Jean-Jacques Tuech, Denis Pezet, Florence Castan, Stephanie Nougaret
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    Iresha Ratnayake, Jason Park, Natalie Biswanger, Allison Feely, Grace Musto, Kathleen Decker
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What Is the Ideal Tumor Regression Grading System in Rectal Cancer Patients after Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy?
Soo Hee Kim, Hee Jin Chang, Dae Yong Kim, Ji Won Park, Ji Yeon Baek, Sun Young Kim, Sung Chan Park, Jae Hwan Oh, Ami Yu, Byung-Ho Nam
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(3):998-1009.   Published online October 22, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.254
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Tumor regression grade (TRG) is predictive of therapeutic response in rectal cancer patients after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by curative resection. However, various TRG systems have been suggested, with subjective categorization, resulting in interobserver variability. This study compared the prognostic validity of four different TRG systems in order to identify the most ideal TRG system. Materials and Methods This study included 933 patients who underwent preoperative CRT and curative resection. Primary tumors alone were graded according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), Dworak, and Ryan TRG systems, and both primary tumors and regional lymph nodes were graded according to a modified Dworak TRG system. The ability of each TRG system to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed using chisquare and C statistics.
Results
All four TRG systems were significantly predictive of both RFS and OS (p < 0.001 each), however none was a better predictor of prognosis than ypStage. Among the four TRGs, the mDworak TRG system was a better predictor of RFS and OS than the AJCC, Dworak, and Ryan TRG systems, and both the chi-square and C statistics were higher for the former, although the differences were not statistically significant. The combination of ypStage and the modified Dworak TRG better predicted RFS and OS than ypStage alone. Conclusion The modified Dworak TRG system for evaluation of entire tumors including regional lymph nodes is a better predictor of survival than current TRG systems for evaluation of the primary tumor alone.

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Endoscopic Criteria for Evaluating Tumor Stage after Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Kyung Su Han, Dae Kyung Sohn, Dae Yong Kim, Byung Chang Kim, Chang Won Hong, Hee Jin Chang, Sun Young Kim, Ji Yeon Baek, Sung Chan Park, Min Ju Kim, Jae Hwan Oh
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):567-573.   Published online September 22, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.195
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Local excision may be an another option for selected patients with markedly down-staged rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT), and proper evaluation of post-CRT tumor stage (ypT) is essential prior to local excision of these tumors. This study was designed to determine the correlations between endoscopic findings and ypT of rectal cancer.
Materials and Methods
In this study, 481 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent preoperative CRT followed by surgical resection between 2004 and 2013 at a single institution were evaluated retrospectively. Pathological good response (p-GR) was defined as ypT ≤ 1, and pathological minimal or no response (p-MR) as ypT ≥ 2. The patients were randomly classified according to two groups, a testing (n=193) and a validation (n=288) group. Endoscopic criteria were determined from endoscopic findings and ypT in the testing group and used in classifying patients in the validation group as achieving or not achieving p-GR.
Results
Based on findings in the testing group, the endoscopic criteria for p-GR included scarring, telangiectasia, and erythema, whereas criteria for p-MR included nodules, ulcers, strictures, and remnant tumors. In the validation group, the kappa statistic was 0.965 (p < 0.001), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.362, 0.963, 0.654, and 0.885, respectively.
Conclusion
The endoscopic criteria presented are easily applicable for evaluation of ypT after preoperative CRT for rectal cancer. These criteria may be used for selection of patients for local excision of down-staged rectal tumors, because patients with p-MR could be easily ruled out.

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    William C. Chapman, Emre Gorgun, Sumeyye Yilmaz, David R. Rosen, Michael A. Valente, Joshua Sommovilla, Arielle E. Kanters, Andrei S. Purysko, Alok A. Khorana, Smitha S. Krishnamurthi, Sudha R. Amarnath, Hermann Kessler, Scott R. Steele, David Liska
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Second Primary Cancer after Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Cancer
Myong Cheol Lim, Young-Joo Won, Jiwon Lim, Yeon-Joo Kim, Sang Soo Seo, Sokbom Kang, Eun Sook Lee, Jae Hwan Oh, Joo-Young Kim, Sang-Yoon Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):641-649.   Published online July 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.326
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the incidence and survival outcomes of second primary cancers after the diagnosis of cervical cancer.
Materials and Methods
Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry between 1993 and 2010 were reviewed and analyzed. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of second primary cancers among women with cervical cancer were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed for cervical cancer patients with or without a second primary cancer.
Results
Among 72,805 women with cervical cancer, 2,678 (3.68%) developed a second primary cancer within a mean follow-up period of 7.34 years. The overall SIR for a second cancer was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.12). The most frequent sites of second primary cancers were the vagina, bone and joints, vulva, anus, bladder, lung and bronchus, corpus uteri, and esophagus. However, the incidence rates of four second primary cancers (breast, rectum, liver, and brain) were decreased. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 78.3% and 72.7% in all women with cervical cancer, and for women with a second primary cancer, these rates were 83.2% and 65.5% from the onset of cervical cancer and 54.9% and 46.7% from the onset of the second primary cancer, respectively.
Conclusion
The incidence rates of second primary cancers were increased in women with cervical cancer compared to the general population, with the exception of four decreasing cancers. The 10-year overall survival rates were decreased in cervical cancer patients with a second primary cancer.

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Clinicopathological Features and Type of Surgery for Lynch Syndrome: Changes during the Past Two Decades
Il Tae Son, Duck-Woo Kim, Seung-Yong Jeong, Young-Kyoung Shin, Myong Hoon Ihn, Heung-Kwon Oh, Sung-Bum Kang, Kyu Joo Park, Jae Hwan Oh, Ja-Lok Ku, Jae-Gahb Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):605-611.   Published online May 26, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.092
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The Korean Hereditary Tumor Registry, the first and one of the largest registries of hereditary tumors in Korea, has registered about 500 families with hereditary cancer syndromes. This study evaluates the temporal changes in clinicopathologic features and surgical patterns of Lynch syndrome (LS) patients.
Materials and Methods
Data on 182 unrelated LS patients were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into the period 1 group (registered in 1990-2004) and 2 (registered in 2005-2014). The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared to identify changes over time.
Results
The period 1 group included 76 patients; the period 2 group, 106 patients. The mean ages at diagnosis were 45.1 years (range, 13 to 85 years) for group 1 and 49.7 years (range, 20 to 84 years) for group 2 (p=0.015). The TNM stage at diagnosis did not differ significantly— period 1 group: stage 0-I (n=18, 23.7%), II (n=37, 48.7%), III (n=19, 25.0%), and IV (n=2, 2.6%); period 2 group: stage 0-I (n=30, 28.3%), II (n=35, 33.0%), III (n=37, 34.9%), and IV (n=4, 3.8%). Extended resection was more frequently performed (55/76, 72.4%) in the period 1 group than period 2 (49/106, 46.2%) (p=0.001).
Conclusion
Colorectal cancer in patients with LS registered at the Korean Hereditary Tumor Registry is still diagnosed at an advanced stage, more than two decades after registry’s establishment. Segmental resection was more frequently performed in the past decade. A prompt nationwide effort to raise public awareness of hereditary colorectal cancer and to support hereditary cancer registries is required in Korea.

Citations

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    Min Hyun Kim, Duck-Woo Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Su Kyung Bang, Soo Hyun Seo, Kyung Un Park, Heung-Kwon Oh, Sung-Bum Kang
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    Kyoung-Jin Park, Dong Kyung Chang, Hee Cheol Kim, Jong-Won Kim
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Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer after Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy: Case-Matched Study of Short-Term Outcomes
Yong Sok Kim, Min Jung Kim, Sung Chan Park, Dae Kyung Sohn, Dae Yong Kim, Hee Jin Chang, Byung-Ho Nam, Jae Hwan Oh
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):225-231.   Published online March 11, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.365
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Robotic surgery is expected to have advantages over laparoscopic surgery; however, there are limited data regarding the feasibility of robotic surgery for rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Therefore, we evaluated the short-term outcomes of robotic surgery for rectal cancer. Materials and Methods Thirty-three patients with cT3N0-2 rectal cancer after preoperative CRT who underwent robotic low anterior resection (R-LAR) between March 2010 and January 2012 were matched with 66 patients undergoing laparoscopic low anterior resection (L-LAR). Perioperative clinical outcomes and pathological data were compared between the two groups.
Results
Patient characteristics did not differ significantly different between groups. The mean operation time was 441 minutes (R-LAR) versus 277 minutes (L-LAR; p < 0.001). The open conversion rate was 6.1% in the R-LAR group and 0% in the L-LAR group (p=0.11). There were no significant differences in the time to flatus passage, length of hospital stay, and postoperative morbidity. In pathological review, the mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 22.3 in R-LAR and 21.6 in L-LAR (p=0.82). Involvement of circumferential resection margin was positive in 16.1% and 6.7%, respectively (p=0.42). Total mesorectal excision (TME) quality was complete in 97.0% in R-LAR and 91.0% in L-LAR (p=0.41). Conclusion In our study, short-term outcomes of robotic surgery for rectal cancer after CRT were similar to those of laparoscopic surgery in respect to bowel function recovery, morbidity, and TME quality. Well-designed clinical trials are needed to evaluate the functional results and longterm outcomes of robotic surgery for rectal cancer.

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Clinical Outcomes of Local Excision Following Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Nam Kwon Lee, Dae Yong Kim, Sun Young Kim, Jae Hwan Oh, Won Park, Doo Ho Choi, Taek-Keun Nam, Kyung-Ja Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(2):158-164.   Published online April 15, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.2.158
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

To evaluate the treatment outcomes of local excision following preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who have not undergone radical surgery for any reason.

Materials and Methods

The data of 27 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by local excision were analyzed retrospectively. The primary endpoint was the 5-year relapse-free survival rate, and the secondary endpoint was the pattern of recurrence.

Results

The median follow-up time was 81.8 months (range, 28.6 to 138.5 months). The 5-year local relapse-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were 88.9%, 81.1%, 77.8%, and 85.0%, respectively. Six (22%) patients developed treatment failure; one (4%) patient had local recurrence only, three (11%) patients had distant recurrence only, and two (7%) patients had both. The 5-year LRFS, DMFS, RFS, and OS for patients with ypT0-1 compared with ypT2-3 were 94.1% vs. 77.8% (p=0.244), 94.1% vs. 55.6% (p=0.016), 88.2% vs. 55.6% (p=0.051), and 94.1% vs. 66.7% (p=0.073), respectively.

Conclusion

Local excision following preoperative chemoradiotherapy may be an alternative treatment for highly selected patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who have achieved ypT0-1 after preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

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Increasing Trend of Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Korea, 1999-2009
Aesun Shin, Kyee-Zu Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Sohee Park, Young-Joo Won, Jeongseon Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Jae Hwan Oh
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):219-226.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.219
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
This study was conducted in order to demonstrate changing trends in colorectal cancer incidence according to sex, age group, and anatomical location in the Korean population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry between 1999 and 2009 were analyzed. Annual percent changes (APCs) of sex- and age-specific incidence rates for cancer of the proximal colon (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision [ICD-10] code C18.0-18.5), distal colon (C18.6-18.7), and rectum (C19-20), and male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated.
RESULTS
The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of colorectal cancer was 27 (per 100,000) in 1999 and increased to 50.2 in 2009 among men (APC, 6.6%). The ASR for women was 17.2 in 1999 and 26.9 in 2009 (APC, 5.1%). The rectum was the most common site of cancer among both men and women during 1999 and 2009. However, the distal colon had the highest APC (10.8% among men and 8.4% among women), followed by the proximal colon (7.9% among men and 6.6% among women), and rectum (5.2% among men and 2.4% among women). The proportion of rectal cancer decreased from 51.5% in 1999 to 47.1% in 2009 among men, and from 50.5% to 42.8% among women. An increase in the male-to-female IRR was observed for distal colon cancer and rectal cancer, whereas the IRR for proximal colon cancer was stable.
CONCLUSION
The rapid increase in colorectal cancer incidence is mainly attributed to the increase in colon cancer, especially distal colon cancer, and may be explained by a transition of risk factors for subsites or by the effect of colorectal cancer screening.

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Combination Chemotherapy of Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin in 5-Fluorouracil-Pretreated Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Soo Mee Bang, Eun Kyung Cho, Jae Hwan Oh, Heung Moon Chang, Jin Seok Ahn, Jung Ae Lee, Young Iee Park, Myung Jue Ahn, Young Suk Park, Dong Bok Shin, Jae Hoon Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2001;33(5):414-419.   Published online October 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2001.33.5.414
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of oxaliplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who previously treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between April 1999 and January 2001, thirty-two patients were enrolled in this study. Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 was given intravenously (IV) on day 1 as was 5-FU 500 mg/m2 IV followed by continuous infusion of 5-FU 3,000 mg/m2 and LV 100 mg/m2 for 48 hours administered every 3 weeks. Six patients had received 5-FU as an adjuvant setting and 26 patients as a palliative regimen.
RESULTS
The median age of the patients was 50 years (range; 19-69) and the dominant sites of metastasis were the liver, lung or both in 9, 5 and 2 patients respectively. In 30 evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 27% including 1 complete response and 7 partial responses. The median response duration was 28 weeks (95% confidence interval; 22~34 weeks) and the median progression free survival of all patients was 24 weeks (95% confidence interval; 15~33 weeks). A median 5 cycles (range; 2~9) and total 155 cycles were performed in 32 patients. 150 cycles were evaluable for toxicity. The most common hematologic toxicity was grade 1~2 anemia in 78 cycles (52%). Leukopenia (39%) and thrombocytopenia (23%) were fully reversible. The most common non-hematologic toxicity was nausea/vomiting (43/30%) followed by diarrhea (23%), hepatotoxicity (21%) and neurotoxicity (21%). One patient ceased therapy due to grade 4 diarrhea. No other severe toxicity interrupted this treatment.
CONCLUSION
Oxaliplatin, 5-FU and LV in combination showed significant activity in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer with favorable toxicity.

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  • Oxaliplatin/5-FU without Leucovorin Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
    Byoung Yong Shim, Kang Moon Lee, Hyeon-Min Cho, Hyun Jin Kim, Hong Joo Cho, Jinmo Yang, Jun-Gi Kim, Hoon-Kyo Kim
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2005; 37(4): 212.     CrossRef
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A Survey for the Hospital Utilization of Cancer patients in Inchon
Woo Chul Kim, Yun Chul Hong, Yoo Kyung Pu, Jae Hwan Oh, Joo Young Kim, Ze Hong Woo, Tae Hoon Lee, Heechoul Ohrr, Don Hee Ahn, John J K Loh
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(2):386-395.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hospital utilization of cancer patients in Inchon and to assess the feasibility of Inchon Cancer Registry (ICR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We used two data sources from Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and Korean Medical Insurance (KMI) for analysis.
RESULTS
KCCR data analysis showed that 50.8% of cancer patients visited hospitals in Seoul, 46% visited hospitals in Inchon, and 2.6% in other areas at first visit. The analysis of KMI data showed that 43% of cancer patients visited hospital in Seoul, 38.5% visited hospitals in Inchon, and 18.5% in other areas at first visit. From these results, we found many cancer patients visited hospitals located in Seoul. We estimated that 52.1% would be missed when we performed cancer registry project in Inchon area alone from the KCCR data analysis. On the other hand, 60% would be missed from the KMI data. However, if we used registration data at the nation-wide level and actively registered cancer patient data in Inchan, expected unregistration rates would be 5%.
CONCLUSION
Even though registration rate to KCCR was relatively low (74%) in Inhon and many patients were treated in other area, we are convinced that almast all cancer patients would be registered because most cancer patients visited at least one of the cancer registry hospitals at the nation-wide level. Therefore, if ICR used KCCR and encouraged the hospitals in Inchon to actively participate in cancer registration, the population-based cancer registration in Inchon would be possible.
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Germline Mutation of BRCA2 Gene in Korean Breast / Ovarian Cancer Families
Yong Jin Won, Jae Hwan Oh, Ji Hyun Kim, Dong Young Noh, Kuk Jin Choe, Soon Beom Kang, Lee Su Kim, Man Su Ro, Nam Sun Paik, Dae Hyun Yang, Se Min Oh, Soon Nam Lee, Kyung Kook Kim, Jae Gahb Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(2):242-252.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Recent discovery of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes has made it possible to perform presymptomatic diagnosis in hereditary breast/ovarian cancer families. We have previously reported germline mutations of the BRCA1 gene in Korean hereditary breast/ovarian cancer families. In that study two out of 13 families were found to have germline mutations in BRCA1 gene. One was a nonsense mutation in codon 1815, and the other was a frameshift mutation due to 2 base-pair deletion in codon 1701 of BRCA1 gene. This study was intended to identify germline mutations of the BRCA2 gene in Korean breast/ovarian cancer families.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Peripheral blood DNA was obtained from 10 breast cancer patients registered at the Korean Hereditary Tumor Registry with positive family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Exons 11 and 27 of the BRCA2 gene(together accounting for 50% of the coding region of the BRCA2 gene) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and screened for mutations by in vitro transcription/translation method. For confirmation of the mutations, automatic sequencing of the PCR products displaying abnormal truncated protein bands was perfomed.
RESULT
We identified an abnormal truncated protein in the exon 11 of the BRCA2 gene from a member of hereditary breast cancer family, SNU-B4. Sequencing analysis revealed a 4 bp deletion in codons 1248-49 of the exon 11, resulting in frameshift that led to premature stop codon and truncation of the protein product.
CONCLUSION
We have identified a germline mutation from a Korean hereditary breast cancer family. So far only one case of the same mutation has been registered in Database of BRCA2 mutation (BIC) by a commercial genetic diagnosis company, Myriad Genetics, Inc. Identification of the germline mutation in BRCA2 gene should aid in the accurate presymptomatic diagnosis of the at-risk members in this family.
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Germline Mutations of BRCA1 Gene in Korean Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer Families
Yong Jin Won, Jae Hwan Oh, Xiao Hong Huang, Dong Young Noh, Kuk Jin Choe, Soon Beom Kang, Lee Su Kim, Man Su Noh, Nam Sun Paik, Dae Hyun Yang, Se Min Oh, Soon Nam Lee, Jae Gahb Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(5):713-723.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
To understand the involvement of BRCA1 gene in Korean breast and/or ovarian cancer families.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Germline mutations of BRCA1 gene were analyzed in 13 families which included 3 hereditary site-specific breast cancer families, 6 suspected breast cancer families, and 3 suspected breast-ovarian cancer family, and one Li-Fraumeni family by screening BRCA1 gene using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified genomic DNA and confirmed the results by sequencing.
RESULTS
Including one family with previously reported nonsense mutation of BRCA1 gene, we detected two mutations in unrelated families. One newly identified mutation was frame shift mutation resulting from TG deletion in codon 1701, which results in a truncated BRCA1 protein, at codon 1714.
CONCLUSION
The proportion of families who inherit the mutated BRCA1 gene seems to be small among Korean breast and/or ovarian cancer families.
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A Study on Cancer Frequent Families and Their Hereditary Tendency
Minyoung Kim, Soo Tae Kim, Jin Pok Kim, Kwi Won Park, Hyo Seop Ahn, Seung Keun Oh, Kyk Jin Choe, Kyu Joo Park, Jae Hwan Oh, Jae Gagb Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(5):857-869.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Authors have defined "Cancer Frequent Family (CFF)" as a family that yresents with clustering of different types of cancers among its members, but does not satisfy the arite- ria of any known hereditary cancer syndromes. The inclusion criteria for CFF are: three or more cancer patients (1) among siblings or (2) in more tbsn two successive generations or (3) in 3 or more cousins, with at least one of the patients diagnosed before the age of 50. Gastric cancer after age of 45 and primary liver cancer were excluded. By screening family history of cancer patients admitted to Seoul National University Hospital since l992, nine families fulfiling the CFF criteria were identified. Among 294 family members from these 9 families, thirty-six(12%) were affected with cancer. A total of 41 primary cancers affecting 10 different organs were found, with the average age at diaenosis of the first primary cancer being 47. Five members were affected with double primary cancers; four with 2 colorectal cancers and one with a rectal cancer and a malignant thymoma. Colorectal cancer was by far the most common malignancy encountered, accounting for 5l% of all the malignancies found. The average age at diagnosis of colorectal cancers in CFF was significantly younger than that of sporedic cases(43 vs 56, P<0.01). The incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer was aleo high(24%) in this group. On the basis of familial aggregation, younger age of onset, and multiplicity of tumors in affected individuals, hereditary backgrounds can be suspected in colorectal cancer patients of CFF families. Our resuits indicate that clustering of different malignancies in a family may suggest possible hereditary causes and that regular screening may aid in the early detection of other affected individuals in CFF families
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Germline Mutation of BRCA1 Gene in Korean Breast and Overian Cancer Patients
Jae Hwan Oh, Dong Young Noh, Kuk Jin Choe, Soon Beom Kang, Lee Su Kim, Man Su Ro, Nam Sun Paik, Dae Hyun Yang, Se Min Oh, Soon Nam Lee, Jae Gahb Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(6):1061-1070.
AbstractAbstract PDF
We analyzed germline mutations of the BRCAl gene in 29 Korean breast cancer patients, which included ¨c 10 breast cancer patients with family history of breast or ovarian cancer, ¨e 7 early onset breast cancer patients without family history of breast or ovarian cancer(1ess than 40 years old at diagnosis) and ¨e 12 breast cancer patients without family history of breast or ovarian cancer(more than 40 years old at diagnosis), and 1 hereditary ovarian cancer patient. One nonsense mutation at codon 1815 encoding a truncated protein was detected in a breast cancer patient with family history of ovarian cancer. One missense mutation at codon 1630 was detected in a group of breast cancer patients without family history(more than 40 years old at diagnosis), but still not determined whether it was polymorphism or not. Three polymorphisms were detected, which included 2 cases of silent mutation and a case of missense mutation. In early onset breast cancer group and a familial ovarian cancer patient, there was no detected mutation. We confirmed a germline BRCAl gene mutation in one Korean patient of hereditary breast-ovarian cancer family.
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Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer in Korean
Jae Hwan Oh, Hye Jung Han, Ja Lok Ku, Yuan Ying, Kwang Yun Kim, Kwang Yun Kim, Sung Kim, Young Jin Kim, Chung Yong Kim, Jin Cheon Kim, Jin Cheon Kim, Nam Geun Oh, Choong Yoon, Kee Hyung Lee, Kuk Jin Cho
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1996;28(2):207-215.
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Hereditaty nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) accounts for about 5% of all colorectal cancer. Mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes (hMLH1, hMSH2 and PMS families) are responsible to HNPCC. To study the characteristics and optimal treatment modality of Korean HNPCC patients, we analysed the 29 HNPCC families registered in the Korean Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Registry. The control group consisted of 791 colorectal cancer patients treated in Seoul National University Hospital between 199I and 1994. Twenty-nine HNPCC families included 116 (79 males and 37 females) colorectal cancer patients. Following findings were significantly different from those of control group. ¨c Their average age at diagnosis was younger (44 years) than that of control group (56 years). ¨e Thirty-nine percent of colorectal cancer were located proximal to splenic flexure compared to 24% of cantrol group. ¨e Fifty percent of cancers located in sigmoid colon or rectum, but in control group 73% of cancers located in those area. In Western series, however, only 23.3% of cancers located in the sigmoid colon or rectum. Operative and pathologic records were available from 45 HNPCC patients. Forty-four percent of those 45 HNPCC patients had multiple colorectal cancers including polyps. Thirty-eight percent of HNPCC Patients had the tumors in both sides of the large bowel. Forty-five patients received 52 operations, but only 13 cases (25% ) were total or subtotal colectomy. Endometrial cancer and stomach cancer were the most frequent extracolonic cancers in HNPCC. HNPCC should be suspected in colorectal cancer patients with early age of onset and proximal colon involvement, or multiple colorectal cancers. We confirmed that the extent of the resection for HNPCC patients should be more than subtotal colectomy. Screening for endometrial and stomach cancer was necessary in families with those cancers. Especially woman with HNPCC should be considered hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy at the time of colectomy.
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