Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Integrative Genomic Analysis Reveals Molecular and Clinical Disparities between Bladder and Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in K-MASTER Program: Jiwon Kim, Jwa Hoon Kim, Kyong Hwa Park, Seok Ho Kang, Jae Lyun Lee, Woo Kyun Bae, Miso Kim, Jong Gwon Choi, Inkeun Park, Ji Hyun Park, Sang Joon Shin, Jungmin Jo, Se Hoon Park, Kwonoh Park, Ji Yoon Lee, Youjin Song, Dayoung Lee, Namsung Moon, Jason K. Sa, Yoon Ji Choi; Received January 22, 2026 Accepted August 3, 2026 Published online August 4, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0081 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The clinical outcome of urothelial carcinoma presents significant variability, reflecting its molecular composition, epidemiologic attributes, and primary site of origin. Despite histological similarities, upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) represent two distinct disease entities with disparate treatment responses and mutational patterns.
Materials and Methods
To assess the impact of molecular heterogeneity on treatment outcomes, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of 231 metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients, including 175 patients with BLCA and 56 patients with UTUC, in the K-MASTER program.
Results
Our investigation unveiled dynamic molecular properties and mutational patterns in key molecules, including TP53, FGFR3, CREBBP, and SPEN. BLCA patients demonstrated enrichment of APOBEC mutational signature activities, whereas UTUC patients were characterized by activation of the cell cycle pathway. Transcriptome analysis uncovered unique biological signatures, highlighting increased cell migration and WNT signaling in BLCA, while FGFR3 and stem-cell-like pathways predominated in UTUC. Moreover, our study highlighted increased resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy among UTUC patients. Importantly, tumor mutational burden (TMB) emerged as a robust independent predictor of immunotherapy response in BLCA. Additionally, a machine learning-based multivariable model identified FGFR3 mutation as a molecular determinant associated with favorable clinical outcomes, in contrast to FGFR2 mutations, which were linked to increased resistance to chemotherapy. The study also has limitations, including a limited sample size of UTUC patients and a lack of functional validation of the identified molecular mechanism.
Conclusion
Our findings provide unprecedented insights into the significance of molecular and clinical disparities in urothelial carcinoma, facilitating disease-specific treatment interventions.

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Real-World Efficacy of First-Line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab and Its Practical Predictive Biomarkers in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: First Analysis from RENOIR Study (KCSG GU22-13): Jwa Hoon Kim, Sang Joon Shin, Woo Kyun Bae, Se Hyun Kim, Jin Young Kim, Hyeon-Su Im, In-Ho Kim, Il Hwan Kim, Kwonoh Park, Eo Jin Kim, Mihong Choi, Joo Han Lim, Hyunho Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Jungmin Jo, Hyo Jin Lee, Dalyong Kim, Byeong Seok Sohn, Inkeun Park, Ji Hyun Park; Received August 8, 2025 Accepted October 11, 2025 Published online October 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.846 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
We investigated the real-world efficacy of first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NI) and its predictive clinicopathological biomarkers in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC).
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 466 patients with aRCC who started first-line NI between 2019 and 2023 at 21 Korean tertiary hospitals. The primary outcome was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary outcomes were duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and identification of practical clinicopathological biomarkers.
Results
Median age of patients was 65 years, and 77.7% were male. ORR was 44.8% including 5.2% of complete response, and median DoR was 39.8 months. Male sex and lung metastasis were predictive markers of objective response, and achieving complete response was significantly associated with a longer DoR (p=0.03). With a median follow-up duration of 23.7 months, the median PFS and OS were 11.5 and 44.2 months, respectively. Full exposure to 4 cycles of ipilimumab was significantly associated with better PFS and OS. Durable response could significantly predict better OS, whereas multiple metastatic sites (≥ 4) and poor IMDC risk were two independent predictors for inferior OS. Among the 50 patients who completed 2 years of NI treatment, continuation of nivolumab beyond 2 years has marginally improved OS (p=0.09).
Conclusion
First-line NI showed comparable and competent efficacy in Korean patients with aRCC. We suggest completing full exposure to ipilimumab and durable response as practical predictors of enriched benefits of NI in our real-world.

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Genitourinary cancer

Efficacy and Safety of Lenvatinib Plus Everolimus in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma after Immune Checkpoint and VEGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Treatment: So Heun Lee, Inkeun Park, Shinkyo Yoon, Jae Lyun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(3):897-905. Published online August 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.628

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Real-world data on the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib plus everolimus in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after failure of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and/or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)–targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain limited.
Materials and Methods
This single-center retrospective study included patients with metastatic RCC treated with lenvatinib plus everolimus as second-line or later therapy at Asan Medical Center, Korea, between September 2017 and June 2024. Data on dose adjustments, treatment response, survival, and adverse events were collected from electronic medical records. Primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), time to progression, adverse events, and prognostic factors.
Results
A total of 83 patients were included, predominantly with clear cell histology (90.4%). The median number of prior therapies was four (range, 1 to 7), with 80.7% receiving the combination as fourth-line or beyond. All had prior anti-angiogenic TKI exposure, 86.7% had received ICIs, and 37.3% had prior mTOR inhibitor therapy. The ORR was 40.0%, with disease control at 81.3%. Median PFS and OS were 5.4 months (95% confidence intervals [CI], 4.4 to 6.8) and 8.5 months (95% CI, 6.3 to 12.1), respectively. Efficacy was consistent across key subgroups. During the treatment, lenvatinib dose reductions were required in 55.4% of patients, and 26.5% experienced treatment interruptions. Grade ≥ 3 proteinuria occurred in 22.9%.
Conclusion
Lenvatinib plus everolimus demonstrated promising efficacy in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic RCC, including those previously exposed to VEGFR-targeted TKIs and/or ICIs. Further studies are warranted to optimize treatment strategies in this patient population.

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Diosmetin alleviates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by dually inhibiting angiogenesis and promoting CD8+T cell cytotoxicity
Xiaoxuan Duan, Xiaoshuo Dai, Xiaoya Li, Yingfei Wang, Kai Zhang, Wei Chen, Yihuan Chen, Jimin Zhao, Yan Qiao, Xiang Li, Saijun Mo, Fang Tian, Ziming Dong, Kangdong Liu, Jing Lu
Phytomedicine.2026; : 158036. CrossRef
1D228 Attenuates Sorafenib Resistance in Renal Cell Carcinoma Models by Dual Targeting c-Met and AXL
Hanxu Qian, Huimin Ren, Lei Xu, Xingge Hu, Yihong Sun, Qing Ju, Chenguo Zhang, Shuo Liu, Baijiao An, Chunhua Yang, Xingjie Liu, Yin Zhang
Cells.2026; 15(16): 1450. CrossRef

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General

Barriers to Clinical Trial Enrollment: KCSG Survey–Based Perspectives of Medical Oncologists, Patients, and Their Caregivers: Chi Hoon Maeng, Inkeun Park, In Hee Lee, Ho Jung An, Hyun Jeong Shim, Sang-Cheol Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(3):720-727. Published online July 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.523

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Despite the critical role of clinical trials in advancing cancer treatment, patient enrollment remains challenging in South Korea. We aimed to identify key barriers to clinical trial participation from the perspectives of medical oncologists, patients, and caregivers.
Materials and Methods
Two web-based surveys were conducted in August 2022: one involving 100 Korean Cancer Study Group–affiliated medical oncologists, and another involving 100 cancer patients and 100 caregivers. Structured questionnaires were used to assess experiences, perceived barriers, and access to trial-related information. Focus group interviews (FGIs) were conducted with six patients and caregivers to explore qualitative insights in greater depth.
Results
Among oncologists, 98% had prior experience with clinical trials; the same proportion expressed willingness to refer patients to other institutions. However, 76% reported failed or abandoned referral attempts, primarily due to insufficient information on trial eligibility and enrollment status. Although 86% of patients and caregivers were aware of the clinical trial, only 23% had actual participation experience. Physician recommendations emerged as the most influential factor driving participation. Nonetheless, most reported difficulties in accessing reliable trial information, citing unfamiliarity with search tools, complex content, and absence of centralized platforms. The FGI findings supported these results, highlighting the importance of physician guidance and identifying limited access to information as major barriers to enrollment.
Conclusion
Despite positive attitudes, clinical trial participation remains constrained by fragmented referral systems and inaccessible information. Establishing a coordinated, interinstitutional referral platform and improving user-friendly information delivery may enhance enrollment and promote equitable access to cancer clinical trials in South Korea.

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Genitourinary cancer

A Multicenter Phase II Study of Modified FOLFIRINOX for First-Line Treatment for Advanced Urachal Cancer (ULTIMA; KCSG GU20-03): Inkeun Park, Jae Lyun Lee, Shinkyo Yoon, Sang Joon Shin, Seong-Hoon Shin, Jung Hoon Kim, Kwonoh Park, Hyo Jin Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):284-291. Published online February 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1231

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of first-line modified FOLFIRINOX in patients with advanced urachal cancer.
Materials and Methods
The ULTIMA trial (NCT04611724) is a single-arm, open-label, multicenter phase II study evaluating modified FOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m² over 2 hours, irinotecan 150 mg/m² over 1.5 hours, leucovorin 400 mg/m² over 2 hours, and 5-fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m² over 46 hours) plus prophylactic pegteograstim in patients with recurrent or metastatic urachal cancer every 2 weeks for up to 12 cycles, or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the incidence of febrile neutropenia.
Results
Between April 2021 and November 2023, 21 patients with advanced urachal cancer were enrolled across five cancer centers. The median age was 50 years (range, 28 to 68 years), with 15 male patients. The most common metastatic site was the lung (47.6%), followed by lymph nodes (38.1%) and peritoneal seeding (33.3%). Two patients and 11 patients achieved a complete and partial response, respectively, yielding an ORR of 61.9%. The study met its primary endpoint in the first stage. With a median follow-up of 23.3 months, the median PFS was 9.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7 to 11.9), and the median OS was 19.7 months (95% CI, 14.3 to 25.1). The treatment regimen was well tolerated, with no unexpected adverse events, and no instances of febrile neutropenia or grade 4 adverse events.
Conclusion
In this preliminary analysis of the ULTIMA trial, Modified FOLFIRINOX demonstrated a promising ORR and PFS in patients with advanced urachal cancer. Completing the full study is essential to confirm the potential role of this regimen in the management of advanced urachal cancer.

Citations

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Patient-derived d-MMR/MSI phenotype urachal cancer organoids for personalized drug screening
Kuangen Zhang, Xinyi Li, Zhenting Zhang, Ning Zhang, Xin Yao, Rong Liu
Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Robotic Partial Cystectomy and Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Node-Positive Urachal Adenocarcinoma in a 34-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report
Stefanie Herrmann, Christian Gilfrich, Stephan Siepmann, Julio Ruben Rodas Garzaro, Fabian Eder, Stephan Schleder, Philipp Aubele, Felix Keil, Matthias May, Anton Kravchuk
Current Oncology.2026; 33(4): 190. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib in advanced urachal cancer (RUN-SC-0102): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial in China
Mengyang Ju, Wenfeng Li, Linjun Hu, Xiongjun Ye, Wangjun Yan, Sheng Zhang
eClinicalMedicine.2026; 96: 103978. CrossRef
Enteric-type urachal adenocarcinoma harboring an EIF3E::RSPO2 fusion with durable response to immune checkpoint inhibition: a case report
S. Ahmed, S. Sundar
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Expression of Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targets in Urachal and Primary Bladder Adenocarcinomas
Csilla Olah, Dániel Juhász, Bálint Dér, Vanda Selmeczi, Michael Rink, Margit Fisch, András Kiss, Boris Hadaschik, Péter Nyirády, Henning Reis, Tibor Szarvas
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer.2026; : 102690. CrossRef
Metastatic urachal carcinoma treated with trifluridine/tipiracil and bevacizumab: a case report
Takafumi Kitazono, Taichi Isobe, Satoshi Nishiyori, Wataru Kusano, Kenro Tanoue, Tomoyasu Yoshihiro, Hirofumi Ohmura, Kyoko Yamaguchi, Mamoru Ito, Kenji Tsuchihashi, Koichi Akashi, Eishi Baba
International Cancer Conference Journal.2025; 14(3): 280. CrossRef
Urachal cancer: a clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic update
Henning Reis, Tibor Szarvas, Gladell P. Paner
Current Opinion in Urology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Pemetrexed Maintenance versus Observation in Patients with Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Who Completed First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy without Disease Progression (PREMIER, KCSG GU16-05): Inkeun Park, Shinkyo Yoon, Ilhwan Kim, Kwonoh Park, Suee Lee, Bhumsuk Keam, Joo-Hwan Park, Jin Young Kim, Yoon Ji Choi, Byeong Seok Sohn, Jae Lyun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(4):1167-1177. Published online December 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1003

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). Switch maintenance therapy after first-line (1L) treatment may delay disease progression. This study evaluated pemetrexed as switch maintenance therapy versus observation in aUC patients without disease progression after initial chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods
Eligible aUC patients who did not progress after 4-6 cycles of cisplatin or carboplatin-based chemotherapy were randomized 1:1 to receive maintenance pemetrexed (500 mg/m² intravenously every 3 weeks, up to 16 cycles) or observation. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), response rate, and safety.
Results
The trial was closed early due to slow accrual after avelumab approval. From October 2016 to December 2022, 97 patients were randomized to pemetrexed (n=49) or observation (n=48). The median age was 69 years (range, 43 to 90) and 66 (range, 33 to 82), respectively, with 63% and 73% of patients being male, respectively. The median PFS was 6.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 8.5) with pemetrexed versus 2.3 months (95% CI, 1.8 to 2.7) with observation (p=0.044; hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.99). The median OS was 18.1 months (95% CI, 6.9 to 29.4) for pemetrexed and 17.9 months (95% CI, 16.1 to 19.7) for observation (p=0.913; HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.73). Common adverse events in the pemetrexed group included anemia (30.6%), fatigue (18.4%), and neutropenia (12.2%), primarily grade 1 or 2.
Conclusion
The PREMIER trial showed that switch maintenance pemetrexed significantly prolonged PFS in aUC patients post-1L platinum-based chemotherapy, with a favorable safety profile. Further studies on combination maintenance therapies are warranted.

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Clinical Outcomes of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Genitourinary Tract and the Prognostic Significance of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Jaewon Hyung, Hyung-Don Kim, Gi Hwan Kim, Yong Mee Cho, Yeon-Mi Ryu, Sang-Yeob Kim, Inkeun Park, Shinkyo Yoon, Jae Lyun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):624-633. Published online November 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1076

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Small cell carcinoma of the genitourinary tract (GU SCC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. There are only limited treatment options due to insufficient understanding of the disease. In this study, we analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients with GU SCC and their association with the tumor immune phenotype.
Materials and Methods
Patients diagnosed with GU SCC were included. Survival outcomes according to the primary location (prostate and non-prostate) and stages (limited disease [LD] and extensive disease [ED]) were analyzed. We performed multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) in non-prostate SCC patients and analyzed the immune cell population.
Results
A total of 77 patients were included in this study. Their median age was 71 years, 67 patients (87.0%) were male, and 48 patients (62.3%) had non-prostate SCC. All patients with ED (n=31, 40.3%) received etoposide plus platinum (EP) as initial treatment and median overall survival (OS) was 9.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1 to 18.6). Patients with LD (n=46, 59.7%) received EP followed by radiotherapy or surgery, and 24-months OS rate was 63.6% (95% CI, 49.9 to 81.0). The multiplex IHC analysis of 21 patients with non-prostate SCC showed that patients with a higher density of programmed death-ligand 1–expressing CD68+CD206+ M2-like macrophages had significantly worse OS outcomes with an adjusted hazards ratio of 4.17 (95% CI, 1.25 to 14.29; adjusted p=0.02).
Conclusion
Patients with GU SCC had a poor prognosis, even those with localized disease. The tumor immune phenotypes were significantly associated with survival. This finding provides new insights for treating GU SCC.

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Special Article

Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Solid Cancer: A Joint Report from KSMO and KSP: Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun Min Lim, Han Sang Kim, Choong-kun Lee, Jee Hung Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Jina Yun, So Yeon Park, Hye Seung Lee, Yong Mee Cho, Soo Jeong Nam, Kiyong Na, Sun Och Yoon, Ahwon Lee, Kee-Taek Jang, Hongseok Yun, Sungyoung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Wan-Seop Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):721-742. Published online November 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1043

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based genetic testing has become crucial in cancer care. While its primary objective is to identify actionable genetic alterations to guide treatment decisions, its scope has broadened to encompass aiding in pathological diagnosis and exploring resistance mechanisms. With the ongoing expansion in NGS application and reliance, a compelling necessity arises for expert consensus on its application in solid cancers. To address this demand, the forthcoming recommendations not only provide pragmatic guidance for the clinical use of NGS but also systematically classify actionable genes based on specific cancer types. Additionally, these recommendations will incorporate expert perspectives on crucial biomarkers, ensuring informed decisions regarding circulating tumor DNA panel testing.

Citations

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Long-Term Response Without Immune-Related Adverse Events to Atezolizumab Treatment in TMB-High Thymoma: A Case Report from the KOSMOS-II Study
In Hee Lee, Moonsik Kim, An Na Seo, Soo Jung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(3): 958. CrossRef
Real-World Genomic Landscape of Korean Gastric Cancer: Integrating Biomarker Associations and Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Seong-Keun Yoo, Soomin Ahn, Jinha Hwang, Jongwu Kim, Yunjin Go, Minsuk Kwon, Sung Hee Lim, Seung Tae Kim, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Jeeyun Lee
JCO Precision Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Biomarker Testing Practices for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Survey Insights from South Korean Pathology Laboratories
Sehui Kim, Dajeong Kim, Lucia Kim, Wan-Seop Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Batch Effects in Tumor-Only Next-Generation Sequencing Panel Sequencing and Implications for Copy Number Variant Detection
Chung Lee, Sejoon Lee, Hyun-Hee Koh, Milim Kim, Hyang Joo Ryu, Heejung Park, Jin Woo Park, Taek Chung, Ji Hyun Park, Kyung A. Kim, Byungsoo Ahn, Hoe In Jung, Won Young Park, Hyo Sup Shim, Inho Park
The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Genomic Landscape of Metastatic Urothelial Cancer in a Multicenter Cohort From Argentina
Federico Cayol, Iván Macharashvili, Jessica Barochiner, María Pía Dominguez, Emiliano Menna, Pablo Jose Perez Mesa, Julieta Pandolfi, Omar Carranza, Rodrigo Sanchez, Andrea Marchioni, Geraldine Gueron, Luz Pena, Matias Cerini, Hernan Cutuli, Hernan Garcia
JCO Global Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Real-World Data: Implementation and Outcomes of Next-Generation Sequencing in the MENA Region
Rami Mahfouz, Reine Abou Zeidane, Tasnim Diab, Ali Tarhini, Eman Sbaity, Houry Kazarian, Yomna El Zibaoui, Nour Sabiha Naji, Mounir Barake, Hazem I. Assi
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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology.2025; : 261. CrossRef
Utilization, Reimbursement, and Barriers to Accessing Sequencing Tests for Cancer Care in the Asia-Pacific Region: KSMO Initiatives to Address Cancer Care Inequity
Omali Pitiyarachchi, Aaron C. Tan, Tawasapon Thambamroong, Rogelio Velasco Jr, Yuji Uehara, Daphne Lee, Hsiang-Fong Kao, Vivek Agarwala, Yueh Ni Lim, Dimas Priantono, Ardhi Rahman Ahani, Kyaw Zin Win, Young Saing Kim, Changhoon Yoo
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Erratum

ERRATUM: Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing and the Molecular Tumor Board for Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Report from KSMO and KCSG Precision Medicine Networking Group: Shinkyo Yoon, Miso Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Han Sang Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jihun Kim, Hongseok Yun, Changhoon Yoo, Hee Kyung Ahn, Hyo Song Kim, In Hee Lee, In-Ho Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Jaekyung Cheon, Jin Won Kim, Jina Yun, Sun Min Lim, Yongjun Cha, Se Jin Jang, Dae Young Zang, Tae Won Kim, Jin Hyoung Kang, Jee Hyun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):1061-1061. Published online April 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1115.E; Corrects: Cancer Res Treat 2022;54(1):1

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Citations

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Real-World Data: Implementation and Outcomes of Next-Generation Sequencing in the MENA Region
Rami Mahfouz, Reine Abou Zeidane, Tasnim Diab, Ali Tarhini, Eman Sbaity, Houry Kazarian, Yomna El Zibaoui, Nour Sabiha Naji, Mounir Barake, Hazem I. Assi
Diagnostics.2025; 15(10): 1183. CrossRef

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Special Article

Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing and the Molecular Tumor Board for Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Report from KSMO and KCSG Precision Medicine Networking Group: Shinkyo Yoon, Miso Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Han Sang Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jihun Kim, Hongseok Yun, Changhoon Yoo, Hee Kyung Ahn, Hyo Song Kim, In Hee Lee, In-Ho Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Jaekyung Cheon, Jin Won Kim, Jina Yun, Sun Min Lim, Yongjun Cha, Se Jin Jang, Dae Young Zang, Tae Won Kim, Jin Hyoung Kang, Jee Hyun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):1-9. Published online December 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1115; Correction in: Cancer Res Treat 2023;55(3):1061

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming essential in the fields of precision oncology. With implementation of NGS in daily clinic, the needs for continued education, facilitated interpretation of NGS results and optimal treatment delivery based on NGS results have been addressed. Molecular tumor board (MTB) is multidisciplinary approach to keep pace with the growing knowledge of complex molecular alterations in patients with advanced solid cancer. Although guidelines for NGS use and MTB have been developed in western countries, there is limitation for reflection of Korea’s public health environment and daily clinical practice. These recommendations provide a critical guidance from NGS panel testing to final treatment decision based on MTB discussion.

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Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(3): 958. CrossRef
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Clinical implementation of next-generation sequencing testing and genomically-matched therapy: a real-world data in a tertiary hospital
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Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Expert Consensus on Molecular Tumor Boards in Taiwan: Joint Position Paper by the Taiwan Oncology Society and the Taiwan Society of Pathology
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Journal of Cancer Research and Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Pragmatic nationwide master observational trial based on genomic alterations in advanced solid tumors: KOrean Precision Medicine Networking Group Study of MOlecular profiling guided therapy based on genomic alterations in advanced Solid tumors (KOSMOS)-II
Sun Young Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, Tae-Yong Kim, Sook Ryun Park, Shinkyo Yoon, Soohyeon Lee, Se-Hoon Lee, Tae Min Kim, Sae-Won Han, Hye Ryun Kim, Hongseok Yun, Sejoon Lee, Jihun Kim, Yoon-La Choi, Kui Son Choi, Heejung Chae, Hyewon Ryu, Gyeong-Won Lee, Dae Youn
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Combining germline, tissue and liquid biopsy analysis by comprehensive genomic profiling to improve the yield of actionable variants in a real-world cancer cohort
I. Vanni, L. Pastorino, V. Andreotti, D. Comandini, G. Fornarini, M. Grassi, A. Puccini, E. T. Tanda, A. Pastorino, V. Martelli, L. Mastracci, F. Grillo, F. Cabiddu, A. Guadagno, S. Coco, E. Allavena, F. Barbero, W. Bruno, B. Dalmasso, S. E. Bellomo, C. M
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Clinical practice recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing in patients with solid cancer: a joint report from KSMO and KSP
Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun
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Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Solid Cancer: A Joint Report from KSMO and KSP
Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun
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International Journal of Cancer.2023; 153(3): 571. CrossRef
Establishing molecular pathology curriculum for pathology trainees and continued medical education: a collaborative work from the Molecular Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists
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Clinical Implication of Molecular Tumor Board
Soohyeon Lee
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Somatic Mutations of TP53 Identified by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Are Poor Prognostic Factors for Primary Operable Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Study
Jung Ho Park, Mi Jung Kwon, Jinwon Seo, Ho Young Kim, Soo Kee Min, Lee Su Kim
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15,471 View
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Original Articles

Genitourinary Cancer

Use of Gemcitabine plus Carboplatin is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Urothelial Carcinoma Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4-5: Hyung-Don Kim, Hyeon-Su Im, Jwa Hoon Kim, Hyehyun Jeong, Shin Kyo Yoon, Inkeun Park, Jae Lyun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1166-1173. Published online March 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.091

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes with gemcitabine-carboplatin (GCb), the standard treatment for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) who are ineligible for cisplatin-based regimens, in advanced UC patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 30 mL/min.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study involving GCb-treated advanced UC patients with GFR < 60 mL/min (n=89) was performed. Clinical outcomes were compared between subgroups with GFR < 30 mL/min and GFR ≥ 30 mL/min but < 60 mL/min.
Results
Most baseline characteristics were comparable between the two subgroups. Patients with GFR < 30 mL/min had a significantly lower objective response rate (12.5%) compared to those with higher GFR levels (56.7%) (p=0.004). The number of GCb cycles was significantly lower in patients with GFR < 30 mL/min (median 2 cycles) than in those with higher GFR levels (median 6 cycles) (p=0.002). Compared to those with GFR ≥ 30 mL/min but < 60 mL/min, patients with GFR < 30 mL/min showed significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001 for both). Further stratification of patient subgroups according to their GFR (i.e., GFR ≥ 45 mL/min but < 60 mL/min vs. GFR ≥ 30 mL/min but < 45 mL/min vs. GFR < 30 mL/min) revealed significantly different PFS and OS (p < 0.001 for both).
Conclusion
The use of GCb is discouraged in advanced UC patients with GFR < 30 mL/min. Alternative therapeutic approaches with better efficacy are warranted for these patients.

Citations

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Real‐World Outcomes of First‐Line Systematic Treatment in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma With Renal Impairment (YUSHIMA Study)
Tomoki Kimura, Motohiro Fujiwara, Yuya Maezawa, Kensaku Ishihara, Naoki Inoue, Kenji Tanabe, Keita Izumi, Masahiro Toide, Takanobu Yamamoto, Sho Uehara, Saori Araki, Masaharu Inoue, Ryoji Takazawa, Noboru Numao, Yukihiro Ohtsuka, Yuma Waseda, Hajime Tanak
International Journal of Urology.2025; 32(10): 1369. CrossRef
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Jong Jin Oh, Sung Kyu Hong
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Umut Selamet, Rebecca S. Ahdoot, Reed Salasnek, Lama Abdelnour, Ramy M. Hanna
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Management of bladder cancer in older patients
Shingo Hatakeyama, Shintaro Narita, Kazutaka Okita, Takuma Narita, Hiromichi Iwamura, Naoki Fujita, Junichi Inokuchi, Yoshiyuki Matsui, Hiroshi Kitamura, Chikara Ohyama
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022; 52(3): 203. CrossRef

8,762 View
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5 Web of Science
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Bevacizumab Plus Erlotinib Combination Therapy for Advanced Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis in Korean Patients: Yeonjoo Choi, Bhumsuk Keam, Miso Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Dalyong Kim, Jong Gwon Choi, Ja Young Seo, Inkeun Park, Jae Lyun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1549-1556. Published online March 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.086

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is a rare genetic syndrome resulting from germline mutations in fumarate hydratase. The combination of bevacizumab plus erlotinib showed promising interim results for HLRCC-associated RCC. Based on these results, we analyzed the outcome of bevacizumab plus erlotinib in Korean patients with HLRCC-associated RCC.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus erlotinib in patients with HLRCC-associated RCC who were confirmed to have germline mutations in fumarate hydratase. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR), while the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Result
We identified 10 patients with advanced HLRCC-associated RCC who received bevacizumab plus erlotinib. Median age at diagnosis was 41 years, and five of the patients had received the combination as first- or second-line treatments. The ORR was 50% and the median PFS and OS were 13.3 and 14.1 months, respectively. Most adverse events were predictable and manageable by conventional measures, except for one instance where a patient died of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Conclusion
This is the first real-world outcome of the treatment of advanced HLRCC-associated RCC. Bevacizumab plus erlotinib therapy showed promising activity with moderate toxicity. We should be increasingly aware of HLRCC-associated RCC and bevacizumab plus erlotinib should be a first-line treatment for this condition, unless other promising data are published.

Citations

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Patrick C. Mullane, Xiaohua Qian, Hubert D. Lau, Alarice Cheng‐Yi Lowe
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346 Download
54 Web of Science
54 Crossref

Chemotherapy versus Best Supportive Care in Advanced Biliary Tract Carcinoma: A Multi-institutional Propensity Score Matching Analysis: Jun Ho Ji, Young Saing Kim, Inkeun Park, Soon Il Lee, Rock Bum Kim, Joon Oh Park, Sung Yong Oh, In Gyu Hwang, Joung-Soon Jang, Haa-Na Song, Jung-Hun Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(3):791-800. Published online August 23, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.044

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Although chemotherapy is recommended by various guidelines for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC), the evidence supporting its use over best supportive care (BSC) is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival benefit of chemotherapy over that of BSC in advanced BTC patients.
Materials and Methods
Advanced BTC patientswith a good performance status (Eastern CooperativeOncologyGroup [ECOG] 0-2) were eligible for the study. Data were retrospectively collected from four tertiary cancer centers and analyzed using propensity score matching (PSM). Of the 604 patients enrolled, 206 received BSC and 398 received chemotherapy. PSM analysis was performed using the following variables: age, ECOG status, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, white blood cell level, albumin level, total bilirubin level, and aspartate aminotransferase level. The sample size of each group was 164 patients after PSM. Median survival was compared between the two groups by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were investigated using Cox proportional regression analysis.
Results
In post-PSM analysis, the respective median survival for the chemotherapy and BSC groups was dependent on the following prognostic factors: total population, 12.0 months vs. 7.5 months (p=0.001); locally advanced disease, 16.7 months vs. 13.4 months (p=0.490); cancer antigen 19-9 ≤ 100 IU/mL, 12.7 months vs. 10.6 months (p=0.330); and CEA ≤ 3.4 ng/mL, 17.1 months vs. 10.6 months (p=0.052).
Conclusion
Chemotherapy improved overall survival of patients with advanced BTC who had a good performance status. However, this survival benefit was not observed in BTC patients with locally advanced disease or with lower tumor marker. Individualized approach is needed for initiation of palliative chemotherapy in advanced BTC.

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Prognostic Factors for Risk Stratification of Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Who Were Treated with Gemcitabine-Based Chemotherapy: Inkeun Park, Seung Joon Choi, Young Saing Kim, Hee Kyung Ahn, Junshik Hong, Sun Jin Sym, Jinny Park, Eun Kyung Cho, Jae Hoon Lee, Yong Ju Shin, Dong Bok Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(4):1264-1273. Published online March 23, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.250

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Purpose
The aim of this study was to verify prognostic factors including sarcopenia in patients with recurrent or metastatic pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Materials and Methods Medical records and computed tomography scan of consecutive patients treated with palliative gemcitabine-based chemotherapy from 2008 to 2014 were reviewed. The lumbar skeletal muscle index at third lumbar spine level was computed, and together with clinicolaboratory factors, univariate and multivariable analyses for overall survival (OS) were performed.
Results
A total of 88 patients were found. Median age was 65 years, and male patients were predominant (67.0%). Most patients had initially metastatic disease (72.7%), and gemcitabine monotherapy was administered in 29 patients (33.0%) while gemcitabine plus erlotinib was administered in 59 patients (67.0%). Seventy-six patients (86.3%) had sarcopenia. With a median follow-up period of 44.3 months (range, 0.6 to 44.3 months), median OS was 5.35 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.11 to 6.59). In univariate and multivariable analysis, high carcinoembryonic antigen level (hazard ratio [HR], 4.18; 95% CI, 1.95 to 8.97; p < 0.001), initially metastatic disease (HR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.55 to 7.32; p=0.002), sarcopenia (HR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.20 to 7.36; p=0.019), neutrophilia (HR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.27 to 6.79; p=0.012), and high lactate dehydrogenase level (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.07 to 3.58; p=0.029) were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion Five independent prognostic factors in patients with recurrent or metastatic pancreatic cancer who received gemcitabine-based chemotherapy were identified. These findings may be helpful in prediction of prognosis in clinical practice and can be used as a stratification factor for clinical trials.

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Efficacy of Imatinib in Patients with Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha–Mutated Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Changhoon Yoo, Min-Hee Ryu, Jungmin Jo, Inkeun Park, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Yoon-Koo Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):546-552. Published online June 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.015

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The incidence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) harboring platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mutations is low, therefore further investigation of the efficacy of imatinib in this subgroup was needed.
Materials and Methods
Patients with PDGFRA-mutant GISTs who received imatinib as primary therapy for advanced disease between January 2000 and June 2012 were identified from the GIST registry of Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Results
KIT and PDGFRA genotyping in 823 patients identified 18 patients (2%) with PDGFRA mutations who were treated with first-line imatinib. Exon 18 D842V substitution, non-D842V exon 18 mutations, and exon 12 mutations were detected in nine (50%), four (22%), and five (28%) patients, respectively. Objective response rate differed significantly between patients with the D842V mutation and those with non-D842V mutations (0% [0/5] vs. 71% [5/7], p=0.03). In all patients, median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 24.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0 to 57.2) and 51.2 months (95% CI, 37.1 to 65.3), respectively. Significantly, poorer PFS was observed for patients with D842V-mutant GISTs than those with non-D842V PDGFRA-mutant GISTs: median 3.8 months (95% CI, 1.4 to 6.3) versus 29.5 months (95% CI, 18.3 to 40.7) (p < 0.001). Patients with the D842V mutation had poorer OS than those with non-D842V PDGFRA mutations: median 25.2 months (95% CI, 12.7 to 37.8) versus 59.8 months (95% CI, 43.0 to 76.5) (p=0.02).
Conclusion
Imatinib is active against non-D842V PDGFRA-mutant GISTs, whereas GISTs harboring the D842V mutation are primarily resistant to imatinib.

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Randomized Phase II Study of Pemetrexed Versus Gefitinib in Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Young Saing Kim, Eun Kyung Cho, Hyun Sun Woo, Junshik Hong, Hee Kyung Ahn, Inkeun Park, Sun Jin Sym, Sun Young Kyung, Shin Myung Kang, Jeong-Woong Park, Sung Hwan Jeong, Jinny Park, Jae Hoon Lee, Dong Bok Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):80-87. Published online March 2, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.307

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed versus gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with chemotherapy. Materials and Methods Patients with advanced (stage IIIB or IV) or recurrent NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg/m² of pemetrexed intravenously every 3 weeks or gefitinib 250 mg/day orally. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months.
Results
A total of 95 patients were enrolled (47 for pemetrexed and 48 for gefitinib). Most patients were male (72%) and current/ex-smokers (69%), and 80% had non-squamous cell carcinoma. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status was determined in 38 patients (40%); one patient per each arm was positive for EGFRmutation. The 6-month PFS rates were 22% and 15% for pemetrexed and gefitinib, respectively (p=0.35). Both arms showed an identical median PFS of 2.0 months and a median overall survival (OS) of 8.5 months. In EGFR wild-type patients, higher response rate (RR) and longer PFS as well as OS were achieved via pemetrexed compared with gefitinib, although there were no significant differences (RR: 39% vs. 9%, p=0.07; median PFS: 6.6 months vs. 3.1 months, p=0.45; median OS: 29.6 months vs. 12.9 months, p=0.62). Toxicities were mild in both treatment arms. Frequently reported toxicities were anemia and fatigue for pemetrexed, and skin rash and anorexia for gefitinib. Conclusion Both pemetrexed and gefitinib had similar efficacy with good tolerability as second-line treatment in unselected patients with advanced NSCLC. However, pemetrexed is considered more effective than gefitinib for EGFR wild-type patients.

Citations

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Real-World Effectiveness of Second-Line Therapies in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Insights From Propensity-Weighted Comparative Analyses of Longitudinal EHR Data
Gary C.N. Hettinger, Qi Long, Ravi B. Parikh
Clinical Lung Cancer.2026; 27(2): 227. CrossRef
Adverse event profiles of EGFR-TKI: network meta-analysis and disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database
Jing Shi, Xinya Liu, Mengjiao Gao, Jian Yu, Ting Chai, Yun Jiang, Jiawei Li, Yuanming Zhang, Li Wu
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A network meta-analysis of immunotherapy-based treatments for advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer
Himani Aggarwal, Kerigo Ndirangu, Katherine B Winfree, Catherine Elizabeth Muehlenbein, Emily Zhu, Vanita Tongbram, Howard Thom
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Toxicity profile of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with lung cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Yi Zhao, Bo Cheng, Zisheng Chen, Jianfu Li, Hengrui Liang, Ying Chen, Feng Zhu, Caichen Li, Ke Xu, Shan Xiong, Weixiang Lu, Zhuxing Chen, Ran Zhong, Shen Zhao, Zhanhong Xie, Jun Liu, Wenhua Liang, Jianxing He
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2021; 160: 103305. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Pemetrexed and Gefitinib in the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Zhihao Zhang, Xiyong Wang, Huaiqing Xiao, Dongqiang Wu, Dongliang Zhang, Qun Yu, Linna Yuan, Tao Huang
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
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Xiaoxin Lu, Shengshu Li, Weizong Chen, Dongyang Zheng, Yuzhu Li, Fang Li
Medicine.2020; 99(29): e21170. CrossRef
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Huiyu Wang, Zunjing Zhang, Feng Liu, Miaoying Zhou, Handi Lv
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Esther HA Sim, Ian A Yang, Richard Wood-Baker, Rayleen V Bowman, Kwun M Fong
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Case Report

Oxaliplatin-Induced Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report: Hyun Sun Woo, Kyoung Hwa Lee, Phill Hoon Yoon, Su Ji Kim, Inkeun Park, Young Saing Kim, Hee Kyung Ahn, Junshik Hong, Dong Bok Shin, Sun Jin Sym; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):949-953. Published online October 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.052

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum derivative used for metastatic or advanced colorectal cancer treatment. Although myelosuppression is the most common cause of oxaliplatin-induced thrombocytopenia, rare cases of oxaliplatin-induced immunemediated thrombocytopenia are reported. We report a case of a 57-year-old woman with colon cancer who developed gum bleeding and petechiae after oxaliplatin infusion. Laboratory tests revealed grade 4 thrombocytopenia and grade 4 neutropenia. She recovered from the thrombocytopenia and accompanying neutropenia within 4 days with no recurrence following discontinuation of oxaliplatin. Physicians need to be aware of the risk of severe acute thrombocytopenia following oxaliplatin administration.

Citations

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Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of Oxaliplatin-induced immune thrombocytopenia
Nan Huang, Zheng Liu, Ronghui Li, Haibo Lei, Xiang Liu
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Ju Li, Wanqing Wang, Kaipeng Jiang, Jiuwei Cui, Chang Wang, Tingting Liang, Yizhuo Wang, Shuhan Liu, Wenshuo Zhou
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2024; 55(3): 1144. CrossRef
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Khin Pyai, David I LeRoy, Joseph Attallah, Hosam Hakim, Zyad Kafri
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Marek Kos, Piotr Tomaka, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Julia Wojnicka, Anna Błażewicz, Ewelina Grywalska, Krzysztof Bojarski
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You Zou, Shuang Liu, Jianhong Wu, Zhen Sun
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A case of idiosyncratic liver injury after oxaliplatin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Shinji Honda, Masayuki Tsujimoto, Tetsuya Minegaki, Tomohiko Mori, Junji Muraoka, Kohshi Nishiguchi
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics.2020; 45(2): 373. CrossRef
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Benjamin K. Gersten, Tracy S. Fitzgerald, Katharine A. Fernandez, Lisa L. Cunningham
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Haider Ghazanfar, Iqra Nawaz, Nisha Ali
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Oxaliplatin Treatment Alters Systemic Immune Responses
Vanesa Stojanovska, Monica Prakash, Rachel McQuade, Sarah Fraser, Vasso Apostolopoulos, Samy Sakkal, Kulmira Nurgali
BioMed Research International.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
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