Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

Pembrolizumab for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma in Korea: Ji Yun Lee, Ji Hyun Kwon, Joon Young Hur, Jun Ho Yi, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyungwoo Cho, Young Rok Do, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hye Jin Kang, Yougil Koh, Won Sik Lee, Sung Nam Lim, Sang Eun Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):681-687. Published online November 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1042

Purpose
Programmed death-1 blockade with pembrolizumab has shown promising activity in relapsed/refractory (R/R) extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL), but studies are limited, with small patient numbers.
Materials and Methods
Thirteen institutes involved with the Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma, a Korean lymphoma study group, collected the clinical data of 59 patients treated with pembrolizumab as salvage therapy between 2016 and 2022.
Results
The median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 22 to 87 years), and 76.3% had advanced Ann Abor stage disease. Pembrolizumab was given to 35.6%, 40.7%, and 23.7% of the patients as second-, third-, and fourth- or higher-line chemotherapy, respectively. The overall response rate was 40.7%, with 28.8% having complete response. The estimated 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates for all patients were 21.5% and 28.7%, respectively; for responders, the rates were 53.0% and 60.7%, respectively. Although not statistically significant, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.93 to 3.94; p=0.078) and stage III or IV disease (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 0.96 to 6.96; p=0.060) were associated with a trend toward shorter PFS in multivariate analysis. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were noted in 12 patients (20.3%); neutropenia (10.2%), fatigue (6.8%), and pneumonitis (5.1%) were most common AEs.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while pembrolizumab had a modest effect on patients with R/R NKTCL, it may be a useful salvage therapy for patients with localized disease and good performance status.

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An evaluation of sugemalimab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma
Yingfang Feng, Xia Liu, Jingwei Yu, Zheng Song, Lanfang Li, Lihua Qiu, Shiyong Zhou, Zhengzi Qian, Xianhuo Wang, Huilai Zhang
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy.2025; 25(1): 9. CrossRef
Pembrolizumab

Reactions Weekly.2024; 2025(1): 390. CrossRef

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Current Treatment Patterns and the Role of Upfront Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: A Korean Nationwide, Multicenter Prospective Registry Study (CISL 1404): Hyungwoo Cho, Dok Hyun Yoon, Dong-Yeop Shin, Youngil Koh, Sung-Soo Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Young Rok Do, Gyeong-Won Lee, Jae-Yong Kwak, Yong Park, Min Kyoung Kim, Hye Jin Kang, Jun Ho Yi, Kwai Han Yoo, Won Sik Lee, Byeong Bae Park, Jae Cheol Jo, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Hyo Jung Kim, Seong Hyun Jeong, Young-Woong Won, Byeong Seok Sohn, Ji-Hyun Kwon, Cheolwon Suh, Won Seog Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):684-692. Published online January 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1434

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We conducted a nationwide, multicenter, prospective registry study for newly diagnosed patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) to better define the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, survival outcomes, and the role of upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in these patients.
Materials and Methods
Patients with PTCL receiving chemotherapy with curative intent were registered and prospectively monitored. All patients were pathologically diagnosed with PTCL.
Results
A total of 191 patients with PTCL were enrolled in this prospective registry study. PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) was the most common pathologic subtype (n=80, 41.9%), followed by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) (n=60, 31.4%). With a median follow-up duration of 3.9 years, the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 39.5% and 60.4%, respectively. The role of upfront ASCT was evaluated in patients who were considered transplant-eligible (n=59). ASCT was performed as an upfront consolidative treatment in 32 (54.2%) of these patients. There were no significant differences in PFS and OS between the ASCT and non-ASCT groups for all patients (n=59) and for patients with PTCL-NOS (n=26). However, in patients with AITL, the ASCT group was associated with significantly better PFS than the non-ASCT group, although there was no significant difference in OS.
Conclusion
The current study demonstrated that the survival outcomes with the current treatment options remain poor for patients with PTCL-NOS. Upfront ASCT may provide a survival benefit for patients with AITL, but not PTCL-NOS.

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Successful Treatment, with Chemotherapy and Intravenous Administration of Ascorbic Acid, of a Patient with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified
Chiaki Tokoro, Atsushi Tashiro, Kenji Ina, Yoshiteru Tanaka, Hiroyuki Kobayakawa, Takashi Yoshida, Satoshi Kayukawa
Journal of Cancer Research Updates.2024; 13: 1. CrossRef
Role of upfront autologous transplant for peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients achieving a complete remission with first-line therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
L. Girard, Y. J. Koh, L. P. Koh, Y. L. Chee, H. L. Chan, J. Lee, S. de Mel, L. M. Poon, M. Samuel
Bone Marrow Transplantation.2024; 59(6): 838. CrossRef
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and correlated neoplasms with T-cell follicular helper phenotype: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic advances
Luís Alberto de Pádua Covas Lage, Hebert Fabricio Culler, Cadiele Oliana Reichert, Sheila Aparecida Coelho da Siqueira, Juliana Pereira
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Advances in the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Qingyang Zhang, Le Yin, Qinqiao Lai, Yan Zhao, Hongling Peng
Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2023; 23(8): 4219. CrossRef

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A New Prognostic Index for Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma:Incorporation of Serum β-2 Microglobulin to PINK: Sora Kang, Hyungwoo Cho, Shin Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Eun Hee Kang, Jung Sun Park, Yoon Sei Lee, Chan-Sik Park, Heounjeong Go, Jooryung Huh, Jin Sook Ryu, Sang-Wook Lee, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Young Hyeh Ko, Cheolwon Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):314-324. Published online March 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.015

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Prognostic Index for Natural Killer Lymphoma (PINK) is the most widely accepted prognostic model for patients withextranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) treated with non-anthracycline–based therapy. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of serum β-2 microglobulin (β2M) in the context of PINK and proposed a new prognostic model.
Materials and Methods
A total of 138 patients who were newly diagnosed with ENKTL and treated with non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy were identified. The cut-off value of high serum β2M was calculated by maximal-chi square methods (4.1 mg/L). A new prognostic model incorporating serum β2M into PINK was proposed and validated in an independent validation cohort (n=88).
Results
The patients’ median age was 53.5 years (range, 19 to 80 years). Patients with high serum β2M levels had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In multivariate analysis, high serum β2M was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS. A new PINK-B (Prognostic Index for Natural Killer Lymphoma-serum β-2 microglobulin) model stratifiedpatients into three groups with distinct OS and PFS in the training cohort (3-year OS, 84.1% [95% confidence interval, 75.1 to 94.2], 46.8% [36.1 to 60.8] and 17.6% [6.3 to 49.2] for the low-, intermediate, and high-risk groups, respectively; 3-year PFS, 70.6% [59.4 to 83.8], 35.9% [25.9 to 49.8], and 7.35% [1.1 to 46.7] for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively). The PINK-B model was further validated in an independent cohort.
Conclusion
Serum β2M is an independent prognostic factor for ENKTL patients. The new serum β2M-based prognostic model may be useful for identifying ultra-high-risk patients, and it can easily be adopted into daily clinical practice.

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Elevated serum IL-6 and total IgEAb are associated with poor survival in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma
Yun Hui, Yingjun Gao, Jiawei Li, Qingtao Kong, Yuanyuan Duan, Haibo Liu, Fang Liu, Hong Sang
Annals of Hematology.2024; 103(4): 1285. CrossRef
Prognostic Impact of Serum β2-Microglobulin Levels in Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated with ABVD or Equivalent Regimens: A Comprehensive Analysis of 915 Patients
Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos, Maria Arapaki, Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos, Athanasios Liaskas, Fotios Panitsas, Marina P. Siakantaris, Maria Dimou, Styliani I. Kokoris, Sotirios Sachanas, Marina Belia, Chrysovalantou Chatzidimitriou, Elianna A. Konstantin
Cancers.2024; 16(2): 238. CrossRef
Prognostic Value of18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics in Extranodal Nasal-Type NK/T Cell Lymphoma
Yu Luo, Zhun Huang, Zihan Gao, Bingbing Wang, Yanwei Zhang, Yan Bai, Qingxia Wu, Meiyun Wang
Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(2): 189. CrossRef
A novel prognostic index for extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma in the era of pegaspargase/L-asparaginase
Ziyuan Shen, Xudong Zhang, Yujie Li, Xicheng Chen, Xing Xing, Hao Zhang, Jingjing Ye, Ling Wang, Tao Jia, Taigang Zhu, Yuqing Miao, Chunling Wang, Hui Liu, Liang Wang, Wei Sang
Future Oncology.2024; 20(28): 2071. CrossRef

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Hematologic Malignancy

Prognostic Stratification of Patients with Burkitt Lymphoma Using Serum β2-microglobulin Levels: Hyung-Don Kim, Hyungwoo Cho, Shin Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Eun Hee Kang, Jung Sun Park, Chan-Sik Park, Jooryung Huh, Jin Sook Ryu, Sang-Wook Lee, Dok-Hyun Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Young Hyeh Ko, Won Seog Kim, Cheolwon Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):847-856. Published online December 17, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1060

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum β2-microglobulin for patients with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and to propose a risk-stratifying classification system.
Materials and Methods
A prospective registry-based cohort study of BL patients treated with dose-intensive or effective dose-adjusted chemotherapies (n=81) was conducted. Survival outcomes were compared based on previously reported risk groups and/or serum β2-microglobulin levels. A risk-stratifying classification system incorporating serum β2-microglobulin levels was proposed and validated in an independent validation cohort (n=60).
Results
The median age was 47 years, and 57 patients (70.4%) were male. Patients with high serum β2-microglobulin levels (> 2 mg/L) had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.01 for both). Serum β2-microglobulin levels further stratified patients in the low-risk and high-risk groups in terms of PFS (p=0.010 and p=0.044, respectively) and OS (p=0.014 and p=0.026, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that a high serum β2-microglobulin level (> 2 mg/L) was independently associated with a shorter PFS (hazards ratio [HR], 3.56; p=0.047) and OS (HR, 4.66; p=0.043). The new classification system incorporating the serum β2-microglobulin level allowed the stratification of patients into three distinct risk subgroups with 5-year OS rates of 100%, 89.5%, and 62.5%. In an independent cohort of BL, the system was validated by stratifying patients with different survival outcomes.
Conclusion
Serum β2-microglobulin level is an independent prognostic factor for BL patients. The proposed β2-microglobulin–based classification system could stratify patients with distinct survival outcomes, which may help define appropriate treatment approaches for individual patients.

Citations

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Prognostic Factors for Survival in Adults With Burkitt Lymphoma: A Systematic Review
Aythami de Armas‐Castellano, Diego Infante‐Ventura, Tasmania del Pino‐Sedeño, Yadira González Hernández, Raul Quiros, Beatriz León‐Salas, Vincent Ribrag, María M. Trujillo‐Martín
Cancer Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The clinical significance and prognostic value of serum beta-2 microglobulin in adult lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a multicenter analysis of 326 patients
Ze Jin, Yi Miao, Jie Zhang, Jing Zhang, Chunling Wang, Xuzhang Lu, Yuqing Miao, Miao Sun, Yunping Zhang, Yun Zhuang, Haiwen Ni, Jingyan Xu, Wanchuan Zhuang, Min Zhao, Jianfeng Zhu, Min Xu, Guoqiang Lin, Haiying Hua, Xiaoyan Xie, Maozhong Xu, Tao Jia, Liji
Annals of Hematology.2024; 103(7): 2257. CrossRef
Prognostic Value of18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics in Extranodal Nasal-Type NK/T Cell Lymphoma
Yu Luo, Zhun Huang, Zihan Gao, Bingbing Wang, Yanwei Zhang, Yan Bai, Qingxia Wu, Meiyun Wang
Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(2): 189. CrossRef
The Role of Beta2-Microglobulin in Central Nervous System Disease
Zhen-Yuan Liu, Feng Tang, Jin-Zhou Yang, Xi Chen, Ze-Fen Wang, Zhi-Qiang Li
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum beta2-microglobulin acts as a biomarker for severity and prognosis in glioma patients: a preliminary clinical study
Zhen-Yuan Liu, Feng Tang, Jing Wang, Jin-Zhou Yang, Xi Chen, Ze-Fen Wang, Zhi-Qiang Li
BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum beta2-microglobulin and peripheral blood eosinophils for the assessment of severity and prognosis with omicron variant COVID-19 infection
Jie Tan, Hanxi Fang, Xiao Hu, Ming Yue, Junling Yang
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel inflammation-related prognostic model for predicting the overall survival of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A real-world data analysis
Zhentian Wu, Chenyi Wang, Yao Lyu, Zheshen Lin, Ming Lu, Shixiong Wang, Bingxuan Wang, Na Yang, Yeye Li, Jianhong Wang, Xiaohui Duan, Na Zhang, Jing Gao, Yuan Zhang, Miaowang Hao, Zhe Wang, Guangxun Gao, Rong Liang
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Beta2-microglobulin is a valuable marker and identifies a poor-prognosis subgroup among intermediate-risk patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Ning-Chun Chen, Hung Chang, Hsiao-Wen Kao, Che-Wei Ou, Ming-Chung Kuo, Po-Nan Wang, Tung-Liang Lin, Jin-Hou Wu, Yu-Shin Hung, Yi-Jiun Su, Yuen-Chin Ong, Hsuan-Jen Shih
Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2023; 23(7): 3759. CrossRef
Tuberculosis combined with Burkitt lymphoma in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature review
Jian-Nan Hu, Mu-Qing Yu, Li-Juan Hua, Chen Bao, Qian Liu, Chao Liu, Zi-Ling Li, Xi Wang, Shu-Yun Xu
Medicine.2023; 102(18): e33671. CrossRef
Elevated serum beta-2 microglobulin level predicts short-term poor prognosis of patients with de novo acute omicron variant COVID-19 infection
Shengping Gong, Ruishuang Ma, Ting Zhu, Xiaoqin Ge, Rongrong Xie, Qingsong Tao, Cong Shi
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
An Externally Validated Nomogram for Predicting the Overall Survival of Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Based on Clinical Characteristics and Systemic Inflammatory Markers
Yajiao Liu, Li Sheng, Haiying Hua, Jingfen Zhou, Ying Zhao, Bei Wang
Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic significance of serum β2-microglobulin levels in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified
Hyung-Don Kim, Hyungwoo Cho, Byeong Seok Sohn, Chan-Sik Park, Jooryung Huh, Jin Sook Ryu, Sang-Wook Lee, Sang Eun Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Young Hyeh Ko, Won Seog Kim, Cheolwon Suh
Leukemia & Lymphoma.2022; 63(1): 124. CrossRef

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