Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Pediatric cancer

Epidemiologic and Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Renal Tumors in Korea: A Retrospective Analysis of The Korean Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Group (KPHOG) Data: Kyung-Nam Koh, Jung Woo Han, Hyoung Soo Choi, Hyoung Jin Kang, Ji Won Lee, Keon Hee Yoo, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo, Kyung Taek Hong, Jung Yoon Choi, Sung Han Kang, Hyery Kim, Ho Joon Im, Seung Min Hahn, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Hee-Jo Baek, Hoon Kook, Kyung Mi Park, Eu Jeen Yang, Young Tak Lim, Seongkoo Kim, Jae Wook Lee, Nack-Gyun Chung, Bin Cho, Meerim Park, Hyeon Jin Park, Byung-Kiu Park, Jun Ah Lee, Jun Eun Park, Soon Ki Kim, Ji Yoon Kim, Hyo Sun Kim, Youngeun Ma, Kyung Duk Park, Sang Kyu Park, Eun Sil Park, Ye Jee Shim, Eun Sun Yoo, Kyung Ha Ryu, Jae Won Yoo, Yeon Jung Lim, Hoi Soo Yoon, Mee Jeong Lee, Jae Min Lee, In-Sang Jeon, Hye Lim Jung, Hee Won Chueh, Seunghyun Won, the Korean Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Group (KPHOG); Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):279-290. Published online August 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.073

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Purpose
Renal tumors account for approximately 7% of all childhood cancers. These include Wilms tumor (WT), clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) and other rare tumors. We investigated the epidemiology of pediatric renal tumors in Korea.
Materials and Methods
From January 2001 to December 2015, data of pediatric patients (0–18 years) newly-diagnosed with renal tumors at 26 hospitals were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
Among 439 patients (male, 240), the most common tumor was WT (n=342, 77.9%), followed by RCC (n=36, 8.2%), CCSK (n=24, 5.5%), MRTK (n=16, 3.6%), CMN (n=12, 2.7%), and others (n=9, 2.1%). Median age at diagnosis was 27.1 months (range 0-225.5) and median follow-up duration was 88.5 months (range 0-211.6). Overall, 32 patients died, of whom 17, 11, 1, and 3 died of relapse, progressive disease, second malignant neoplasm, and treatment-related mortality. Five-year overall survival and event free survival were 97.2% and 84.8% in WT, 90.6% and 82.1% in RCC, 81.1% and 63.6% in CCSK, 60.3% and 56.2% in MRTK, and 100% and 91.7% in CMN, respectively (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The pediatric renal tumor types in Korea are similar to those previously reported in other countries. WT accounted for a large proportion and survival was excellent. Non-Wilms renal tumors included a variety of tumors and showed inferior outcome, especially MRTK. Further efforts are necessary to optimize the treatment and analyze the genetic characteristics of pediatric renal tumors in Korea.

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Hope and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of Wilms tumor: a single-center retrospective study in China
Kongkong Cui, Peng Hong, Jie Lin, Zaihong Hu, Zhiqiang Gao, XiaoMao Tian, Tao Lin, Qinlin Shi, Guanghui Wei
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Loss of YTHDF1 suppresses the progression of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney by regulating Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2 (GSTM2)
Qian-Wen Xiong, Yuntao Liu, Min He, Xiao-Die Shen, Manli Zhao, Shuang-Ai Liu, Gensheng Zhang, Qian Liu, Jinhu Wang, Wan-Xin Peng
Cell Biology and Toxicology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma Mimic Wilms Tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MR
Wenzhu Hu, Chunxia Qin, Fuqiang Shao, Mengting Li, Xiaoli Lan
Clinical Nuclear Medicine.2024; 49(4): 353. CrossRef
Progress towards Therapies for Solid Renal Tumors in Children
洁林
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(06): 245. CrossRef

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The Efficacy of Alternate Systemic Intravenous Chemotherapy and Intra-arterial Chemotherapy Approach for Eye Globe Salvage in Retinoblastoma: Jung Woo Han, Christopher Seungkyu Lee, Seung Min Hahn, Won Kee Ahn, Hyo Sun Kim, Hyeseon Yun, Sung Chul Lee, Byung Moon Kim, Dong Joon Kim, Chuhl Joo Lyu; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):270-278. Published online May 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1537

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Purpose
The advances in the treatment of retinoblastoma have enabled salvaging the globe in advanced stages with intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC). We developed a strategy of alternate application of systemic intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) and IAC (referred to as alternate systemic IVC and IAC; ASIAC) to reduce central nervous metastases during IAC and examined its efficacy and safety in eye globe salvage in this study.
Materials and Methods
Between January 2010 and February 2021, 43 eyes of 40 patients received ASIAC treatment for retinoblastoma at the Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the eye salvage rate (ESR), defined from diagnosis to enucleation. High-risk retinoblastoma was defined as group D or E by the International Classification of Retinoblastoma.
Results
The study enrolled 38 and five cases of high-risk and low-risk retinoblastoma, respectively. In total, 178 IAC and 410 IVC courses were administered, with a median of 4 (interquartile range [IQR], 3.0 to 5.0) IAC and 9 (IQR, 6.0 to 11) IVC courses per eye, respectively. The 5-year ESR was 60.4%±8.7% for the whole cohort, 100% for low-risk retinoblastoma, and 53.6%±9.8% for high-risk retinoblastoma. Among those diagnosed since 2015, the 5-year ESR for high-risk retinoblastoma was 63.5%±14.0%. Fifteen eyes underwent enucleation; no viable tumor was found in three enucleated eyes. There were no deaths in this cohort.
Conclusion
Primary IAC-IVC (i.e., ASIAC) for patients with retinoblastoma was tolerable and effective in salvaging the eye and maintaining survival.

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Intra-arterial chemotherapy for unilateral advanced intraocular retinoblastoma: A long-term review of a case series
Yixiao Li, Minglei Han, Dan Song, Jing Li, Zhuang Liu, Xin Zhang, Liang Wang, Lei Guo
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2025; 21(2): 442. CrossRef
Selective ophthalmic arterial injection using a balloon catheter for retinoblastoma: a seven-year clinical evaluation
Sota Oguro, Yi Ning Chen, Takashi Yamane, Makoto Mohri, Shigenobu Suzuki
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology.2024; 68(4): 346. CrossRef
Hematological Second Primary Malignancy in Pediatric Retinoblastoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Seung Hyun Park, Hyun Young Park, Heejin Kim, Jung Woo Han, Jin Sook Yoon
Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.2024; 40(5): 487. CrossRef

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Clinical Risk Factors Influencing Dental Developmental Disturbances in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Chung-Min Kang, Seung Min Hahn, Hyo Sun Kim, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Jae-Ho Lee, Jinae Lee, Jung Woo Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(3):926-935. Published online October 10, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.296

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Although studies regarding dental developmental disturbances after childhood cancer treatment have increased, they have many limitations. Studies analyzing the significance of independent clinical risk factors with regard to the dental health status are also rare. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for dental developmental disturbances, particularly severe disturbances, in childhood cancer survivors (CCS).
Materials and Methods
Oral examinations and retrospective reviews of medical and panoramic radiographs were performed for 196 CCS (mean age, 15.6 years). Cancer type, age at diagnosis, treatment modality, type and accumulated dose of administered drugs, and dose and site of radiation were recorded. Dental developmental disturbances were diagnosed using panoramic radiographs and graded for severity according to the Modified Dental Defect Index (MDDI). Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyseswere performed to determine the association between dental abnormalities and clinical factors.
Results
In total, 109 CCS (55.6%) exhibited at least one dental anomaly, and the median value of MDDI was 2.5. Microdontia (30.6%) was the most prevalent anomaly, followed by tooth agenesis (20.4%), V-shaped roots (14.8%), and taurodontism (10.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed that a young age at diagnosis (≤ 3 years), a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the use of multiple classes of chemotherapeutic agents (≥ 4 classes), and the use of heavy metal agents were significant risk factors for severe dental disturbances.
Conclusion
CCS with any of the above risk factors for severe developmental disturbances should be comprehensively followed up to minimize adverse consequences to their dental development and preserve their future dental health.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Bone age and dental late effects in childhood cancer survivors: Radiographic findings in a Brazilian sample
Híttalo Carlos Rodrigues De Almeida, Cleomar Donizeth Rodrigues, Luiz Pedro Mendes De Azevedo, Aronita Rosenblatt, Márcia Maria Fonseca Da Silveira, Ana Paula Veras Sobral
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry.2025; 35(1): 45. CrossRef
A Case of Severe Early Childhood Caries Occurring in a Childhood Cancer Patient
Tatsuya Akitomo, Noriko Niizato, Shunya Ikeda, Yuya Ito, Eimi Tabata, Chieko Mitsuhata, Ryota Nomura
Children.2025; 12(3): 261. CrossRef
Dental Health of Childhood Cancer Survivors—A Report From the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (SCCSS)
Carina Nigg, Corinne Matti, Philippa Jörger, Andre O. von Bueren, Cornelia Filippi, Tamara Diesch‐Furlanetto, Zuzana Tomášiková, Claudia E. Kuehni, Grit Sommer
Pediatric Blood & Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Best clinical practise guidance for oral health care management of long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS): an EAPD policy document
K. Seremidi, S. Gizani, M. Anderson, G. Dahllöf, M. Barr-Agholme, S. Parekh, G. Tsilingaridis
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of, and risk factors for, dental sequelae in adolescents who underwent cancer therapy during childhood
Judit Rabassa‐Blanco, Lluís Brunet‐Llobet, Paula Marcote‐Sinclair, Sol Balsells‐Mejía, María Genoveva Correa‐Llano, Jaume Miranda‐Rius
Oral Diseases.2024; 30(2): 604. CrossRef
A Narrative Review of the Association between Dental Abnormalities and Chemotherapy
Tatsuya Akitomo, Yasuko Tsuge, Chieko Mitsuhata, Ryota Nomura
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(16): 4942. CrossRef
Parental awareness and dental health behavior of children with congenital heart disease, with diabetes mellitus, or undergoing anti-cancer treatment, compared to healthy children
Elinor Halperson, Hanan Badarneh, Ella Zion, Helly Kruchenezki, Gal Goldstein, Sagui Gavri, David Zangen, Avia Fux-Noy
Frontiers in Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Dental dysplasia in childhood cancer survivors: a case series of permanent tooth abnormalities
Yumi Muraki, Atsushi Shioyasono, Mika Nishii, Daisuke Takeda, Junya Kusumoto, Masaya Akashi
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Dental and maxillofacial outcomes in childhood head and neck cancer survivors: a retrospective study and dental care considerations
Kaio Heide Sampaio Nobrega, Riéli Elis Schulz, Fabio Abreu Alves, Cecilia Maria Lima da Costa, Juliane Piragine Araujo
Journal of Oral Diagnosis.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Dental caries and dental developmental defects as adverse effects of antineoplastic treatment in childhood cancer survivors
K. Seremidi, K. Kavvadia, A. Kattamis, A. Polychronopoulou
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.2023; 24(3): 357. CrossRef
Tooth Abnormalities and Their Age-Dependent Occurrence in Leukemia Survivors
Anna Jodłowska, Lidia Postek-Stefańska
Cancers.2023; 15(22): 5420. CrossRef
Assessment of Risk Factors for Dental Developmental Disorders in Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Jihyun Lee, Hyung-Jun Choi, Jaeho Lee, Je Seon Song, Chung-Min Kang
THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2023; 50(4): 421. CrossRef
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Tian Tian, Kanako Miyazaki, Yuta Chiba, Keita Funada, Tomomi Yuta, Kanji Mizuta, Yao Fu, Jumpei Kawahara, Xue Han, Yuna Ando, Ami Funada, Aya Yamada, Tsutomu Iwamoto, Seiji Nakamura, Ichiro Takahashi, Satoshi Fukumoto, Keigo Yoshizaki
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The prevalence of dental developmental anomalies among childhood cancer survivors according to types of anticancer treatment
Elinor Halperson, Vered Matalon, Gal Goldstein, Shirly Saieg Spilberg, Karin Herzog, Avia Fux-Noy, Aviv Shmueli, Diana Ram, Moti Moskovitz
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Systemic Anticancer Therapy Details and Dental Adverse Effects in Children
Anna Jodłowska, Lidia Postek-Stefańska
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(11): 6936. CrossRef
Oligomicrodontia in a Pediatric Cancer Survivor after Chemotherapy: A Case Report
Ana Zulijani, Martina Žigante, Luka Morelato, Berislav Perić, Ana Milardović
Healthcare.2022; 10(8): 1521. CrossRef
Oral and dental late effects in long-term survivors of childhood embryonal brain tumors
Kristine Eidal Tanem, Einar Stensvold, Petter Wilberg, Anne B. Skaare, Petter Brandal, Bente Brokstad Herlofson
Supportive Care in Cancer.2022; 30(12): 10233. CrossRef
Dental developmental complications in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: A study using CMC clinical data warehouse
Jaehyun Kim, Hee Jin Lim, Ja Hyeong Ku, Yoon-Ah Kook, Nack-Gyun Chung, Yoonji Kim, Nazmul Haque
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The Broad Variability in Dental Age Observed among Childhood Survivors Is Cancer Specific
Patrycja Proc, Joanna Szczepańska, Małgorzata Zubowska, Beata Zalewska-Szewczyk, Wojciech Młynarski
Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(1): 252. CrossRef
Dental late effects of antineoplastic treatment on childhood cancer survivors: Radiographic findings
Kyriaki Seremidi, Katerina Kavvadia, Antonis Kattamis, Argyro Polychronopoulou
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry.2021; 31(6): 742. CrossRef
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Pediatric Blood & Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-Term Effects of Childhood Cancer Treatment on Dentition and Oral Health: A Dentist Survey Study from the DCCSS LATER 2 Study
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Pediatric Dental Journal.2020; 30(1): 45. CrossRef
Oral and dental considerations in pediatric cancers
Priyanshi Ritwik, Tammuella E. Chrisentery-Singleton
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Late effects of chemo and radiation treatment on dental structures of childhood cancer survivors. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Kyriaki Seremidi, Dimitrios Kloukos, Argy Polychronopoulou, Antonis Kattamis, Katerina Kavvadia
Head & Neck.2019; 41(9): 3422. CrossRef
Caring for survivors of childhood cancer: it takes a village
Ailin Song, Jonathan D. Fish
Current Opinion in Pediatrics.2018; 30(6): 864. CrossRef

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340 Download
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Outcomes of Treatment for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: Different Clinical Features Associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: In Kyung Hwang, Seung Min Hahn, Hyo Sun Kim, Sang Kyum Kim, Hyo Song Kim, Kyoo‑Ho Shin, Chang Ok Suh, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Jung Woo Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(3):717-726. Published online December 1, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.271

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are a rare subtype of sarcoma that occur spontaneously or in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). This study aimed to clinically differentiate these types of MPNSTs.
Materials and Methods
The study reviewed 95 patients diagnosed with and treated for MPNST at Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea over a 27-year period. The clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes of sporadic MPNST (sMPNST) and NF-1 associated MPNST (NF-MPNST) cases were compared.
Results
Patients with NF-MPNST had a significantly lower median age (32 years vs. 45 years for sMPNST, p=0.012), significantly larger median tumor size (8.2 cm vs. 5.0 cm for sMPNST, p < 0.001), and significantly larger numbers of imaging studies and surgeries (p=0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). The 10-year overall survival (OS) rate of the patients with MPNST was 52±6%. Among the patients with localized MPNST, patients with NF-MPNST had a significantly lower 10-year OS rate (45±11% vs. 60±8% for sMPNST, p=0.046). Univariate analysis revealed the resection margin, pathology grade, and metastasis to be significant factors affecting the OS (p=0.001, p=0.020, and p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis of the patients with localized MPNST identified R2 resection and G1 as significant prognostic factors for OS.
Conclusion
NF-MPNST has different clinical features from sMPNST and requires more careful management. Further study will be needed to develop specific management plans for NF-MPNST.

Citations

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Clinical Outcome of Relapsed or Refractory Burkitt Lymphoma and Mature B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children and Adolescents: Hyery Kim, Eun Sil Park, Soo Hyun Lee, Hong Hoe Koo, Hyo Sun Kim, Chuhl Joo Lyu, So Eun Jun, Young Tak Lim, Hee Jo Baek, Hoon Kook, Ji Won Lee, Hyoung Jin Kang, Kyung Duk Park, Hee Young Shin, Hyeo Seop Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(4):358-365. Published online July 21, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.047

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Despite the rapid improvement in survival rate from Burkitt lymphoma and mature B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in children, a small subset of patients do not respond to first-line chemotherapy or experience relapse (RL). Herein, we report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients.
Materials and Methods
RL or refractory Burkitt lymphoma and mature B-ALL in 125 patients diagnosed from 1990 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
Nineteen patients experienced RL or progressive disease (PD). Among them, 12 patients had PD or RL less than six months after initial treatment and seven had late RL. Seven patients achieved complete response (CR), 11 had PD, and one had no more therapy. Six patients who achieved CR survived without evidence of disease and four of them underwent high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by stem cell transplantation (SCT). However, 11 patients who failed to obtain CR eventually died of their disease. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 31.6±10.7%. OS of patients with late RL was superior to that of patients with early RL (57.1±18.7%, vs. 16.7±10.8%, p=0.014). Achievement of CR after reinduction had significant OS (p < 0.001). OS for patients who were transplanted was superior (p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, achievement of CR after reinduction chemotherapy showed an association with improved OS (p=0.05).
Conclusion
Late RL and chemotherapy-sensitive patients have the chance to achieve continuous CR using HDC/SCT, whereas patients who are refractory to retrieval therapy have poor prognosis. Therefore, novel salvage strategy is required for improvement of survival for this small set of patients.

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