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Original Articles
Association of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines with Gastric Cancer Risk: A Case-Cohort Study
Seungju Baek, Eunjung Park, Eun Young Park
Received July 29, 2024  Accepted November 18, 2024  Published online November 19, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.718    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the association between inflammatory cytokines and the risk of gastric cancer (GC).
Materials and Methods
We conducted a case-cohort study using Korean National Cancer Center Community (KNCCC) cohort data to investigate the associations between pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and GC risk in the Korean general population (GC cases: n=159, subcohort: n=822). Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using Quantikine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.
Results
Compared to those with the lowest serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, the risk of GC significantly increased in the second (hazard ratio [HR], 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73 to 6.99), third (HR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.91 to 7.29), and fourth quartiles (HR, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.93 to 7.48). Elevated levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.21) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.73 to 3.58) were also associated with an increased risk of GC.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate associations between pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) and the risk of GC, suggesting that regulating these cytokine levels may aid in GC prevention.
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General
Adherence to Cancer Prevention Guidelines and Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Jin-Kyoung Oh, Minji Han, Byungmi Kim, Eun Young Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):15-27.   Published online March 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1031
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to estimate the risk of cancer incidence and mortality according to adherence to lifestyle-related cancer prevention guidelines.
Materials and Methods
Men and women who participated in the general health screening program in 2002 and 2003 provided by the National Health Insurance Service were included (n=8,325,492). Self-reported smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity habits and directly measured body mass index were collected. The participants were followed up until the date of cancer onset or death or 31 December 2018. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for cancer incidence and mortality according to different combinations of lifestyle behaviors.
Results
Only 6% of men and 15% of women engaged in healthy behavior at baseline, such as not smoking, not drinking alcohol, being moderately or highly physically active, and within a normal body mass index range. Compared to the best combination of healthy lifestyle behaviors, the weak and moderate associations with increased all cancer incidence (HR < 1.7) and mortality (HR < 2.5) were observed in those with heavy alcohol consumption and in former or current smokers. HRs of cancer mortality were significantly increased among current smokers in most combinations.
Conclusion
Compared to full adherence to cancer prevention recommendations, unhealthy behaviors increase cancer risk. As few people meet these recommendations, there is a great opportunity for cancer prevention.

Citations

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  • A comparative study of health behaviors in adult male cancer survivors and the general male population in Korea: from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey VII-VIII (2016–2021)
    Hyein Jung, Yoonjoo Choi, Byungmi Kim
    Supportive Care in Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Increased risk of cardiovascular disease among kidney cancer survivors: a nationwide population-based cohort study
    Minji Jung, Eunjung Choo, Shufeng Li, Zhengyi Deng, Jinhui Li, Mingyi Li, Satvir Basran, Sukhyang Lee, Marvin E. Langston, Benjamin I. Chung
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cancer survivors’ adherence to the American cancer society and American institute of cancer research dietary guidelines in Lebanon
    Jana Jabbour, Remie El Helou, Ruba Hadla, Riwa Azar, Maria Mezher, Farah Naja, Sally Temraz
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal Trends of Comorbidities and Survival Among Kidney Cancer Patients in Asian Population
    Minji Jung, Eunjung Choo, Jinhui Li, Zhengyi Deng, Marvin E. Langston, Sukhyang Lee, Benjamin I. Chung
    Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Combinations of lifestyle behaviors and cancer risk among Korean adults
    Ngoc Minh Luu, Thi Tra Bui, Thi Phuong Thao Tran, Thi Huyen Trang Nguyen, Jin-Kyoung Oh
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Individual and joint effect of socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors on cancer in Korea
    Chi Lan Tran, Kui Son Choi, Sun‐Young Kim, Jin‐Kyoung Oh
    Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(16): 17389.     CrossRef
  • Tumorkachexie: die Bedeutung von Ernährung und Bewegung in der Onkologie
    Yurdagül Zopf, Hans Joachim Herrmann, Dejan Reljic, Luisa Marie Hardt
    Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin.2023; 15(06): 12.     CrossRef
  • Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research and Korean Cancer Prevention Guidelines and cancer risk: a prospective cohort study from the Health Examinees-Gem study
    Jeeyoo Lee, Aesun Shin, Woo-Kyoung Shin, Ji-Yeob Choi, Daehee Kang, Jong-Koo Lee
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023070.     CrossRef
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and Lung Cancer Risk: A Propensity Score Analyses
Byungmi Kim, Eun Young Park, Jinsun Kim, Eunjung Park, Jin-Kyoung Oh, Min Kyung Lim
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):130-139.   Published online March 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1106
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Occupational exposure to pesticides is thought to be associated with lung cancer, but studies have yielded conflicting results. We performed a propensity score (PS) based analyses to evaluate the relationship between occupational exposure to pesticides and lung cancer risk in the Korea National Cancer Center community-based cohort study (KNCCCS).
Materials and Methods
During the follow-up period, 123 incidental lung cancer cases were identified, of the 7,471 subjects in the final statistical analysis. Information about occupational exposure to pesticides and other factors was collected at enrollment (2003-2010). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted. Four PS-based approaches (i.e., matching, stratification, inverse probability-of-treatment weighting, and the use of the PS as a covariate) were adopted, and the results were compared. PS was obtained from the logistic regression model. Absolute standardized differences according to occupational exposure to pesticides were provided to evaluate the balance in baseline characteristics.
Results
In the Cox proportional hazards regression model, the hazard ratio (HR) for lung cancer according to occupational exposure to pesticides was 1.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 2.98). With all the propensity score matching (PSM) methods, the HRs for lung cancer based on exposure to pesticides ranged from 1.65 (95% CI, 1.04 to 2.64) (continuous term with PSM) to 2.84 (95% CI, 1.81 to 4.46) (stratification by 5 strata of the PS). The results varied slightly based on the method used, but the direction and statistical significance remained the same.
Conclusion
Our results strengthen the evidence for an association between occupational exposure to pesticides and the risk of lung cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Lifestyle, Environmental, Occupational, and Dietary Risk Factors in Small-Cell vs. Non-Small-Cell Advanced Lung Cancer Patients: Is There a Connection?
    Jelena Jovičić-Bata, Danica Sazdanić-Velikić, Mirjana Ševo, Maja Milanović, Teodora Tubić, Milorad Bijelović, Nataša Milošević, Nataša Milić
    Cancers.2025; 17(5): 864.     CrossRef
  • Flavonoids as Insecticides in Crop Protection—A Review of Current Research and Future Prospects
    Verónica Pereira, Onofre Figueira, Paula C. Castilho
    Plants.2024; 13(6): 776.     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive assessment of pesticide use patterns and increased cancer risk
    Jacob Gerken, Gear Thomas Vincent, Demi Zapata, Ileana G. Barron, Isain Zapata
    Frontiers in Cancer Control and Society.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dietary Exposure to Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues and Their Effects on Human Fertility and Embryo Development: A Global Overview
    Ambra Colopi, Eugenia Guida, Silvia Cacciotti, Serena Fuda, Matteo Lampitto, Angelo Onorato, Alice Zucchi, Carmela Rita Balistreri, Paola Grimaldi, Marco Barchi
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(16): 9116.     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal study and predictive modelling of urinary pesticide metabolite concentrations in residents of Guangzhou, China
    Xiangyu Jia, Xiaotong Li, Fenfang Deng, Jia He, Qin Li, Chongshan Guo, Jun Yuan, Lei Tan
    Chemosphere.2024; 365: 143353.     CrossRef
  • Trend Analysis of Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Xiamen (2011-2020)
    Jianni Cong, Jiahuang Chi, Junli Zeng, Yilan Lin
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2024; Volume 17: 2375.     CrossRef
  • Geographical disparities in cancer and occupational exposure to pesticides in a French-West Indies territory (2006–2019)
    Rémi Houpert, Jacqueline Véronique-Baudin, Thierry Almont, Murielle Beaubrun-Renard, Manon Boullard, Aimée Pierre-Louis, Mylène Vestris, Stephen Ulric-Gervaise, Christelle Montabord, Jonathan Macni, Emmanuelle Sylvestre, Clarisse Joachim
    BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Different types of pesticide exposure and lung cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study cohort: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Yu Wang, Jingxuan Yang, Xialian Hu, Jingyi Shi, Jiaxin Deng
    Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2024; 79(7-8): 263.     CrossRef
  • How Does Environmental and Occupational Exposure Contribute to Carcinogenesis in Genitourinary and Lung Cancers?
    Massimiliano Cani, Fabio Turco, Simona Butticè, Ursula Maria Vogl, Consuelo Buttigliero, Silvia Novello, Enrica Capelletto
    Cancers.2023; 15(10): 2836.     CrossRef
  • How to promote agricultural enterprises to reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers? An evolutionary game approach
    Qizheng He, Yong Sun, Maoan Yi, Huimin Huang
    Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk
    Shaimaa A. Shehata, Eman A. Toraih, Ezzat A. Ismail, Abeer M. Hagras, Ekramy Elmorsy, Manal S. Fawzy
    Cancers.2023; 15(18): 4525.     CrossRef
  • Respiratory Tract Cancer Incidences across Industry Groups: A Nationwide Cohort Study with More Than 70 Million Person-Years of Follow-Up
    Seong-Uk Baek, Woo-Ri Lee, Ki-Bong Yoo, Jun-Hyeok Choi, Kyung-Eun Lee, Wanhyung Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Cancers.2022; 14(21): 5219.     CrossRef
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SUVmax Predicts Disease Progression after Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy in Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Yoo-Kang Kwak, Hee Hyun Park, Kyu Hye Choi, Eun Young Park, Soo Yoon Sung, Sea-Won Lee, Ji Hyun Hong, Hyo Chun Lee, Ie Ryung Yoo, Yeon Sil Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):85-97.   Published online May 17, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.007
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) is gaining evidence as a predictive factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is the standard treatment in early-stage NSCLC when a patient is unsuitable for surgery. We performed a study to assess the prognostic clinical significance of PET-CT after SABR in early-stage NSCLC.
Materials and Methods
Seventy-six patients with stage I NSCLC treated with SABR were investigated. Total radiation dose ranged from 36 to 63 Gy in three to eight fractions depending on tumor location and size. Respiratory motion control was implemented at simulation and during treatment. PET-CT prior to SABR was performed in 66 patients (86.8%).
Results
Median follow-up time was 32 months (range, 5 to 142 months). Local control rate at 1, 2, and 5 years were 95.9%, 92.8%, and 86.7%, respectively. Overall survival (OS) at 1, 2, and 5 years were 91.0%, 71.3%, and 52.1% respectively. Cause-specific survival at 1, 2, and 5 years were 98.6%, 93.1%, and 84.3% respectively. Tumor size and pre-SABR maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) demonstrated statistical significance in the Kaplan-Meier survival analyses with log-rank test. In multivariate analyses pre-SABR SUVmax remained statistically significant in correlation to OS (p=0.024; hazard ratio [HR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 8.8) and with marginal significance in regards to regional progression-free survival (p=0.059; HR, 32.5; 95% CI, 2.6 to 402.5).
Conclusion
Pre-SABR SUVmax demonstrated a predictive power in statistical analyses. Tumors with SUVmax above 6 at diagnosis were associated with inferior outcomes.

Citations

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  • Enhanced NSCLC subtyping and staging through attention-augmented multi-task deep learning: A novel diagnostic tool
    Runhuang Yang, Weiming Li, Siqi Yu, Zhiyuan Wu, Haiping Zhang, Xiangtong Liu, Lixin Tao, Xia Li, Jian Huang, Xiuhua Guo
    International Journal of Medical Informatics.2025; 193: 105694.     CrossRef
  • Invasive Nodal Staging via Endobronchial Ultrasound and Outcome in Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer – Results from a Single Institution Study
    Benjamin George, Atallah Baydoun, Samar Bhat, Lauryn Bailey, Theodore Arsenault, Yilun Sun, Yuxia Zhang, Yiran Zheng, Prashant Vempati, Tarun Podder, Tithi Biswas
    Clinical Lung Cancer.2024; 25(4): e181.     CrossRef
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    Yongming Wu, Wenpeng Song, Denian Wang, Junke Chang, Yan Wang, Jie Tian, Sicheng Zhou, Yingxian Dong, Jing Zhou, Jue Li, Ziyi Zhao, Guowei Che
    World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Tumor to liver maximum standardized uptake value ratio of FDG-PET/CT parameters predicts tumor treatment response and survival of stage III non-small cell lung cancer
    Pengfei Zhang, Wei Chen, Kewei Zhao, Xiaowen Qiu, Tao Li, Xingzhuang Zhu, Peng Sun, Chunsheng Wang, Yipeng Song
    BMC Medical Imaging.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of response to stereotactic body radiation therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer: PET response criteria in solid tumors versus response evaluation criteria in solid tumors
    Jixia Han, Qi Song, Feng Guo, Rui Du, Henghu Fang, Jingbo Kang, Zejun Lu
    Nuclear Medicine Communications.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yu-Sen Huang, Jenny Ling-Yu Chen, Hsin-Ming Chen, Li-Hao Yeh, Jin-Yuan Shih, Ruoh-Fang Yen, Yeun-Chung Chang
    BMC Cancer.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Potential role of functional imaging in predicting outcome for patients treated with carbon ion therapy: a review
    Giulia Riva, Sara Imparato, Giovanni Savietto, Mattia Pecorilla, Alberto Iannalfi, Amelia Barcellini, Sara Ronchi, Maria Rosaria Fiore, Chiara Paganelli, Giulia Buizza, Mario Ciocca, Guido Baroni, Lorenzo Preda, Ester Orlandi
    The British Journal of Radiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prognostic value of metabolic signature on 18F-FDG uptake in breast cancer patients after radiotherapy
    Jin Meng, Emmanuel Deshayes, Li Zhang, Wei Shi, Xiaomeng Zhang, Xingxing Chen, Xin Mei, Jinli Ma, Yizhou Jiang, Jiong Wu, Zhimin Shao, Xiaoli Yu, Zhaozhi Yang, Xiaomao Guo
    Molecular Therapy - Oncolytics.2021; 23: 412.     CrossRef
  • Parámetros cuantitativos de la PET/TC con 18F-FDG como factores pronósticos en el cáncer de pulmón localizado e inoperable
    J.R. Infante, J. Cabrera, J.I. Rayo, C. Cruz, J. Serrano, M. Moreno, A. Martínez, P. Jiménez, A. Cobo
    Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular.2020; 39(6): 353.     CrossRef
  • 18F-FDG PET/CT quantitative parameters as prognostic factors in localized and inoperable lung cancer
    J.R. Infante, J. Cabrera, J.I. Rayo, C. Cruz, J. Serrano, M Moreno, A. Martínez, P. Jiménez, A. Cobo
    Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular (English Edition).2020; 39(6): 353.     CrossRef
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Development and Validation of Ovarian Symptom Index-18 and Neurotoxicity-4 for Korean Patients with Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer
Maria Lee, Yumi Lee, Kidong Kim, Eun Young Park, Myong Cheol Lim, Jung-Sup Kim, Hee Seung Kim, Yong-Beom Kim, Yong-Man Kim, Jungnam Joo, Sang Yoon Park, Chel Hun Choi, Jae-Hoon Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):112-118.   Published online March 7, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.361
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop Korean versions of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network/Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (NCCN-FACT) Ovarian Symptom Index-18 (NFOSI-18) and FACT/Gynecologic Oncology Group (FACT-GOG) Neurotoxicity 4-item (NTX-4), evaluating their reliability and reproducibility.
Materials and Methods
In converting NFOSI-18 and NTX-4, the following steps were performed: forward translation, backward translation, expert review, pretest of preliminary format, and finalization of Korean versions (K-NFOSI-18 and K-NTX-4). Patients were enrolled from six institutions where each had completed chemotherapy for ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer at least 1 month earlier. In addition to demographics obtained by questionnaire, all subjects were assessed via K-NFOSI-18, K-NTX-4, and a Korean version of the EuroQoL-5 Dimension. Internal structural validity and reliability were evaluated using item internal consistency, item discriminant validity, and Cronbach's α. To evaluate test-retest reliability, K-NFOSI-18 and K-NTX-4 were readministered after 7-21 days, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated.
Results
Of the 250 women enrolled during the 3-month recruitment period, 13 withdrew or did not respond, leaving 237 (94.8%) for the analyses. Mean patient age was 54.3±10.8 years. Re-testing was performed in 190 patients (80.2%). The total K-NFOSI-18 and K-NTX-4 scores were 49 (range, 20 to 72) and 9 (range, 0 to 16), respectively, with high reliability (Cronbach's α=0.84 and 0.89, respectively) and reproducibility (ICC=0.77 and 0.84, respectively) achieved in retesting.
Conclusion
Both NFOSI-18 and NTX-4 were successfully developed in Korean with minimal modification. Each Korean version showed high internal consistency and reproducibility.

Citations

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  • Peripheral Neuropathy Instruments for Individuals with Cancer: A COSMIN-Based Systematic Review of Measurement Properties
    Silvia Belloni, Arianna Magon, Chiara Giacon, Francesca Savioni, Gianluca Conte, Rosario Caruso, Cristina Arrigoni
    Current Oncology.2024; 31(12): 7828.     CrossRef
  • Assessing the quality of patient-reported outcome measurements for gynecological cancers: a systematic review
    Charlotte L Moss, Teresa Guerrero-Urbano, Ingrid White, Benjamin Taylor, Rebecca Kristeleit, Ana Montes, Louis Fox, Katharina Beyer, Monika Sztankay, Maria M Ratti, Elena S Sisca, Alexandra Derevianko, Steven MacLennan, Nicholas Wood, Lisa M Wintner, Miek
    Future Oncology.2023; 19(9): 663.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network/Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Ovarian Symptom Index-18 (NFOSI-18) and Neurotoxicity-4 (NTX-4) for Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer
    Husnu Tore Yavuzsen, Sukriye Cansu Gulteki̇n, Karya Polat, Murat Keser, Zeynep Gulsum Guc, Merve Keskinkilic, Tugba Yavuzsen, Didem Karadibak, Sourav Panja
    European Journal of Cancer Care.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
  • Assessing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy with patient reported outcome measures: a systematic review of measurement properties and considerations for future use
    Tiffany Li, Susanna B. Park, Eva Battaglini, Madeleine T. King, Matthew C. Kiernan, David Goldstein, Claudia Rutherford
    Quality of Life Research.2022; 31(11): 3091.     CrossRef
  • Influence of chemotherapy on postural control and quality of life in women with gynaecological cancer: a protocol of a prospective observational study
    Aline Reinmann, Anne-Violette Bruyneel, Joseph Gligorov, Serge Mesure, Christophe Combescure, Thibaud Koessler, Alexandre Bodmer
    BMJ Open.2022; 12(9): e061664.     CrossRef
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Scientific Evidence Supporting Policy Change: A Study on Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Non-smoking Areas of PC Rooms in Korea
Soon-Yeol Hong, Min Kyung Lim, E Hwa Yun, Eun Young Park, Bo Yoon Jeong, Wonho Yang, Do-Hoon Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):834-837.   Published online August 12, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.151
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The objective of this study was to measure secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in personal computer (PC) rooms with the purpose of determining the strength of scientific evidence supporting the legislative ban on smoking in PC rooms located in the Republic of Korea.
Materials and Methods
From June to September 2012, particulate matter (PM2.5) and air nicotine concentration (ANC) were measured in the smoking and non-smoking areas of PC rooms in Goyang City, Korea. In 28 randomly sampled PC rooms, field investigators completed an observational questionnaire on building characteristics, smoking policies, and evidence of smoking. The geometric means (GM) of PM2.5 and ANC in smoking and non-smoking areas were compared.
Results
Evidence of smoking was identified in both the smoking and non-smoking areas of all PC rooms. The GMs of PM2.5 and ANC in both areas were high and did not differ significantly (174.77 μg/m3 and 48.95 μg/m3 in smoking areas; 93.38 μg/m3 and 41.30 μg/m3 in non-smoking areas). Overall PM2.5 concentrations were 5.5-fold higher than those listed in the World Health Organization guidelines.
Conclusion
This study supported previous reports that a partial smoking ban did not protect individuals from SHS exposure. Furthermore, the results from our study suggest how research can support policy. Countries in which smoke-free policies are not yet comprehensive may find our results useful.
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Consequences of Incomplete Smoke-Free Legislation in the Republic of Korea: Results from Environmental and Biochemical Monitoring: Community Based Study
Eun Young Park, E Hwa Yun, Min Kyung Lim, Do-Hoon Lee, Wonho Yang, Bo Yoon Jeong, Sang-Hyun Hwang
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):376-383.   Published online April 24, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.269
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
In some countries with high smoking prevalence, smoke-free legislation has only been implemented in specific public places, as opposed to a comprehensive ban on smoking in all public places. The purpose of this study was to provide valid data on second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure that reflect the consequences of incomplete smoke-free legislation, and provide a rationale for expanding this legislation.
Materials and Methods
Indoor and outdoor environmental exposure (fine particulate matter [PM2.5], air nicotine, and dust 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone [NNK]) was monitored in 35 public places where smoking is prohibited by law in Goyang, Republic of Korea. Biomarkers of SHS exposure (urinary cotinine, hair nicotine, and urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanol) were measured in 37 non-smoking employees. Geometric means and standard deviations were used in comparison of each measure.
Results
Considerable exposure of SHS was detected at all indoor monitoring sites (PM2.5, 95.5 μg/m3 in private educational institutions; air nicotine, 0.77 μg/m3 in large buildings; and dust NNK, 160.3 pg/mg in large buildings); environmental measures were higher in private or closed locations, such as restrooms. Outdoor measures of SHS exposure were lowest in nurseries and highest in government buildings. Biochemical measures revealed a pattern of SHS exposure by monitoring site, and were highest in private educational institutions.
Conclusion
The evidence of SHS exposure in legislative smoke-free places in Korea suggests that incomplete smoke free legislation and lack of enforcement of it might not protect people from exposure to smoke. Therefore, active steps should be taken toward a comprehensive ban on smoking in all public places and its enforcement.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Environmental tobacco smoke at home and in public places prior to smoking ban enforcement: Assessment by hair analysis in a population of young adult students
    Claire Roseren, Sylvia Binck, François Faÿs, Maria Ruiz‐Castell, Hanen Samouda, Brice M. R. Appenzeller
    Drug Testing and Analysis.2023; 15(9): 962.     CrossRef
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    Myung-Bae Park, Tae Sic Lee, Jee Eun Oh, Do Hoon Lee
    Indoor and Built Environment.2022; 31(2): 510.     CrossRef
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    Qing Zhong, Yilin Li, Xin Mei, Junlin Li, Yuanxia Huang
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  • Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: Inconsistency between Self-Response and Urine Cotinine Biomarker Based on Korean National Data during 2009–2018
    Boram Sim, Myung-Bae Park
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(17): 9284.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of Non-Smokers’ Exposure Using Indirect Smoking Indicators and Time Activity Patterns
    Byung Lyul Woo, Min Kyung Lim, Eun Young Park, Jinhyeon Park, Hyeonsu Ryu, Dayoung Jung, Marcus J. Ramirez, Wonho Yang
    Sustainability.2020; 12(21): 9099.     CrossRef
  • Towards smoke-free cars in the Republic of Korea: Evidence from environmental and biochemical monitoring of thirdhand smoke exposure in taxis
    Eun Park, Min Lim, Sun Yeol Hong, Jee Oh, Bo Jeong, E Yun, Wonho Yang, Do-Hoon Lee
    Tobacco Induced Diseases.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sònia Torres, Carla Merino, Beatrix Paton, Xavier Correig, Noelia Ramírez
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(12): 2693.     CrossRef
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Perceptions of Cancer Risk and Cause of Cancer Risk in Korean Adults
Su Yeon Kye, Eun Young Park, Kyounghee Oh, Keeho Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(2):158-165.   Published online September 15, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.024
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of perceived risk for cancer; to explore associations between sociodemographics and family history of cancer and perceived cancer risk; to identify perceived cause of cancer risk; and to examine the associations between sociodemographics and family history of cancer and perceived cause of cancer risk. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,009 participants aged 30-69 years, selected from a population-based database in October 2009 through multiple-stratified random sampling. Information was collected about the participants’ perceived cancer risk and perceived cause of cancer risk. Results Overall, 59.5% of the respondents thought they had the chance of developing cancer. Female sex, younger age, lower income, and family history of cancer were positively associated with perceived cancer risk. The most important perceived cause of cancer risk was stress. There was a difference between sociodemographics and family history of cancer and perceived cause of cancer risk. Conclusion Factors affecting perceptions of cancer risk and cause of cancer risk need to be addressed in risk communications. The results provide important directions for the development of educational strategies to promote awareness and self-appraisal of cancer risk and risk factors.

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The Inhibitory Effect of Amiloride on the Growth of Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells in Vitro
Seung Su Kang, Duck Kyung Kong, Chee Whan No, Byung Joo Choi, Moo In Park, Seun Ja Park, Keun Young Park, Ja Young Koo
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2001;33(2):113-120.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
In the present study the effects of amiloride on the growth of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line, AGS cells were examined with or without the addition of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The growth of AGS cells was examined by counting number of cells on two and four days post-treatment with 50 micrometer, 100 micrometer, 200 micrometer, 400 micrometer, 800 micrometer, amiloride, and 0.1 microgram/ml, 0.3 microgram/ml 5-FU, after plating AGS cells into 6 well plates at a density of 10 x 10(4) cells/well. The reversibility of the effects of amiloride was examined on two to eight days post-treatment with 400 micrometer amiloride after seeding 2 x 10(4) cells/dish. Cell cycle analysis was performed after four day-treatment with 400 micrometer amiloride.
RESULTS
Amiloride (50~800 micrometer) significantly inhibited the growth of AGS in a dose-dependent fashion (p<0.05). The inhibitory effect of amiloride on growth of AGS was reversible since removal of amiloride after 24 hours treatment led to resumption of rapid growth up to control levels. Amiloride combined with 5-FU markedly inhibited the growth of AGS in a dose-dependent fashion compared to that of amiloride or 5-FU alone (p<0.05). The fraction of S phase, G0-G1 phase and G2-M phase was 19.3%, 55.7%, 18.8%, in the amioride group (400 micrometer) and 43.9%, 37.4%, 25.1% in the control group, respectively, showing significantly higher G1 fraction in amiloride group compared to control.
CONCLUSION
This is the first paper which reported that amiloride inhibited in vitro growth of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and that its effect of growth inhibition may be synergistic with 5-FU. Amiloride given with or without 5-FU may be useful agent in the treatment of gastric carcinomas. The inhibitory effects of amiloride on the growth of AGS may be mediated in part by blocking G1-S transition of cell cycle.
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