Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Gastrointestinal cancer

Analysis of Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA in Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Modified FOLFIRINOX: Clinical Relevance of DNA Damage Repair Gene Alteration Detection: Dong-Hoon Lim, Hyunseok Yoon, Kyu-pyo Kim, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Sang Soo Lee, Do Hyun Park, Tae Jun Song, Dae Wook Hwang, Jae Hoon Lee, Ki Byung Song, Song Cheol Kim, Seung-Mo Hong, Jaewon Hyung, Changhoon Yoo; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1313-1320. Published online May 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.452

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Purpose
There are no reliable biomarkers to guide treatment for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) in the neoadjuvant setting. We used plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing to search biomarkers for patients with BRPC receiving neoadjuvant mFOLFIRINOX in our phase 2 clinical trial (NCT02749136).
Materials and Methods
Among the 44 patients enrolled in the trial, patients with plasma ctDNA sequencing at baseline or post-operation were included in this analysis. Plasma cell-free DNA isolation and sequencing were performed using the Guardant 360 assay. Detection of genomic alterations, including DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, were examined for correlations with survival.
Results
Among the 44 patients, 28 patients had ctDNA sequencing data qualified for the analysis and were included in this study. Among the 25 patients with baseline plasma ctDNA data, 10 patients (40%) had alterations of DDR genes detected at baseline, inclu-ding ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2 and MLH1, and showed significantly better progression-free survival than those without such DDR gene alterations detected (median, 26.6 vs. 13.5 months; log-rank p=0.004). Patients with somatic KRAS mutations detected at baseline (n=6) had significantly worse overall survival (median, 8.5 months vs. not applicable; log-rank p=0.003) than those without. Among 13 patients with post-operative plasma ctDNA data, eight patients (61.5%) had detectable somatic alterations.
Conclusion
Detection of DDR gene mutations from plasma ctDNA at baseline was associated with better survival outcomes of pati-ents with borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant mFOLFIRINOX and may be a prognostic biomarker.

Citations

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A Review of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in Pancreatic Cancer: Ready for the Clinic?
Purvi Jonnalagadda, Virginia Arnold, Benjamin A. Weinberg
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Practical Approach to Interpreting Circulating Tumor DNA in the Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers
Zexi Allan, David S Liu, Margaret M Lee, Jeanne Tie, Nicholas J Clemons
Clinical Chemistry.2024; 70(1): 49. CrossRef
High somatic mutations in circulating tumor DNA predict response of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to first-line nab-paclitaxel plus S-1: prospective study
Lei Huang, Yao Lv, Shasha Guan, Huan Yan, Lu Han, Zhikuan Wang, Quanli Han, Guanghai Dai, Yan Shi
Journal of Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Decoding the Dynamics of Circulating Tumor DNA in Liquid Biopsies
Khadija Turabi, Kelsey Klute, Prakash Radhakrishnan
Cancers.2024; 16(13): 2432. CrossRef
Building on the clinical applicability of ctDNA analysis in non-metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Ibone Labiano, Ana E. Huerta, Maria Alsina, Hugo Arasanz, Natalia Castro, Saioa Mendaza, Arturo Lecumberri, Iranzu Gonzalez-Borja, David Guerrero-Setas, Ana Patiño-Garcia, Gorka Alkorta-Aranburu, Irene Hernández-Garcia, Virginia Arrazubi, Elena Mata, Davi
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Liquid biopsy analysis of lipometabolic exosomes in pancreatic cancer
Wei Guo, Peiyao Ying, Ruiyang Ma, Zuoqian Jing, Gang Ma, Jin Long, Guichen Li, Zhe Liu
Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews.2023; 73: 69. CrossRef

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Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Who Underwent Surgery Following Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX: So Heun Lee, Dae Wook Hwang, Changhoon Yoo, Kyu-pyo Kim, Sora Kang, Jae Ho Jeong, Dongwook Oh, Tae Jun Song, Sang Soo Lee, Do Hyun Park, Dong Wan Seo, Jin-hong Park, Ki Byung Song, Jae Hoon Lee, Woohyung Lee, Yejong Park, Bong Jun Kwak, Heung-Moon Chang, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Song Cheol Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):956-968. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.409

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Purpose
The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy following curative-intent surgery in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients who had received neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX is unclear. This study aimed to assess the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in this patient population.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included 218 patients with localized non-metastatic PDAC who received neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX and underwent curative-intent surgery (R0 or R1) between January 2017 and December 2020. The association of adjuvant chemotherapy with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated in overall patients and in the propensity score matched (PSM) cohort. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the pathology-proven lymph node status.
Results
Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 149 patients (68.3%). In the overall cohort, the adjuvant chemotherapy group had significantly improved DFS and OS compared to the observation group (DFS: median, 13.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.0 to 19.1] vs. 8.2 months [95% CI, 6.5 to 12.0]; p < 0.001; and OS: median, 38.0 months [95% CI, 32.2 to not assessable] vs. 25.7 months [95% CI, 18.3 to not assessable]; p=0.005). In the PSM cohort of 57 matched pairs of patients, DFS and OS were better in the adjuvant chemotherapy group than in the observation group (p < 0.001 and p=0.038, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was a significant favorable prognostic factor (vs. observation; DFS: hazard ratio [HR], 0.51 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.71; p < 0.001]; OS: HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.71; p < 0.001]).
Conclusion
Among PDAC patients who underwent surgery following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX, adjuvant chemotherapy may be associated with improved survival. Randomized studies should be conducted to validate this finding.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The survival effect of neoadjuvant therapy and neoadjuvant plus adjuvant therapy on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with different TNM stages: a propensity score matching analysis based on the SEER database
Hao Hu, Yang Xu, Qiang Zhang, Yuan Gao, Zhenyu Wu
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2024; 24(6): 467. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Whom, when and how
Nebojsa Manojlovic, Goran Savic, Stevan Manojlovic
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2024; 16(5): 1223. CrossRef
Case Study on Analysing the Early Disease Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Korean Association for Clinical Oncology
Sijithra Ponnarassery Chandran, N. Santhi
American Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024; 47(10): 475. CrossRef
Evaluating the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing radical pancreatectomy after neoadjuvant therapy—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiahao Wu, Yike Zhang, Haodong Wang, Wenyi Guo, Chengqing Li, Yichen Yu, Han Liu, Feng Li, Lei Wang, Jianwei Xu
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic factors in localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy and resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ammar A Javed, Alyssar Habib, Omar Mahmud, Asad Saulat Fatimi, Mahip Grewal, Nabiha Mughal, Jin He, Christopher L Wolfgang, Lois Daamen, Marc G Besselink
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab in Patients with Refractory Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Tumor Proportion Score as a Potential Biomarker for Response: Junho Kang, Jae Ho Jeong, Hee-Sang Hwang, Sang Soo Lee, Do Hyun Park, Dong Wook Oh, Tae Jun Song, Ki-Hun Kim, Shin Hwang, Dae Wook Hwang, Song Cheol Kim, Jin-hong Park, Seung-Mo Hong, Kyu-pyo Kim, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Changhoon Yoo; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(2):594-603. Published online December 18, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.493

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Purpose
The current standard chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) has limited benefit, and novel therapies need to be investigated.
Materials and Methods
In this prospective cohort study, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)–positive BTC patients who progressed on first-line gemcitabine plus cisplatin were enrolled. Pembrolizumab 200 mg was administered intravenously every 3 weeks.
Results
Between May 2018 and February 2019, 40 patients were enrolled. Pembrolizumab was given as second-line (47.5%) or ≥ third-line therapy (52.5%). The objective response rate was 10% and 12.5% by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) v1.1 and immune- modified RECIST (imRECIST) and median duration of response was 6.3 months. Among patients with progressive disease as best response, one patient (1/20, 5.0%) achieved complete response subsequently. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 1.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0 to 3.0) and 4.3 months (95% CI, 3.5 to 5.1), respectively, and objective response per imRECIST was significantly associated with PFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p=0.001). Tumor proportion score ≥ 50% was significantly associated with higher response rates including the response after pseudoprogression (vs. < 50%; 37.5% vs. 6.5%; p=0.049).
Conclusion
Pembrolizumab showed modest anti-tumor activity in heavily pretreated PD-L1–positive BTC patients. In patients who showed objective response, durable response could be achieved.

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Clinical Outcomes of Second-Line Chemotherapy after Progression on Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Kyoungmin Lee, Kyunghye Bang, Changhoon Yoo, Inhwan Hwang, Jae Ho Jeong, Heung-Moon Chang, Dongwook Oh, Tae Jun Song, Do Hyun Park, Sang Soo Lee, Sung Koo Lee, Myung-Hwan Kim, Jin-hong Park, Kyu-pyo Kim, Baek-Yeol Ryoo; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):254-262. Published online July 9, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.190

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Since the introduction of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (nab-P+GEM) as first-line (1L) treatment for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPDAC), optimal second-line (2L) chemotherapy after progression is unclear. We assessed clinical outcomes of 2L chemotherapy for disease that progressed on 1L nab-P+GEM.
Materials and Methods
Among the 203 patients previously treated with 1L nab-P+GEM for mPDAC at Asan Medical Center, between February and December 2016, records of 120 patients receiving 2L chemotherapy after progression on nab-P+GEM were retrospectively reviewed. The response rate and survival were evaluated along with analysis of prognostic factors.
Results
Fluoropyrimidine-oxaliplatin doublets (FOLFOX or XELOX) were used in 78 patients (65.0%), fluoropyrimidine monotherapy in 37 (30.8%), and liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil in two (1.7%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.29 months and 7.33 months from the start of 2L therapy. Fluoropyrimidine-oxaliplatin regimens and fluoropyrimidine monotherapy did not yield significantly different median PFS (2.89 months vs. 3.81 months, p=0.40) or OS (7.04 months vs. 7.43 months, p=0.86). A high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (> 2.2) and a short time to progression with 1L nab-P+GEM (< 6.4 months) were independent prognostic factors of poor OS with 2L therapy.
Conclusion
2L fluoropyrimidine-oxaliplatin doublets and fluoropyrimidine monotherapy after failure of 1L nab-P+GEM had modest efficacy, with no differences in treatment outcomes between them. Further investigation is warranted for the optimal 2L chemo-regimens and sequencing of systemic chemotherapy for patients with mPDAC.

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