Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

General

Association between Tumor Size at the Time of Disease Progression and Survival Outcomes: Chi Hoon Maeng, Bum Jun Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, In Sil Choi, Dae Young Zang, Bo-Hyung Kim, Minji Kwon, Dae Seog Heo, Bhumsuk Keam; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):362-368. Published online October 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.690

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study evaluates the prognostic significance of tumor size at disease progression (PD) and depth of response (DOR) in cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
We performed post hoc analysis using data from six prospective clinical trials conducted by the Korean Cancer Study Group. Patients with tumor size at PD was categorized into ‘Mild PD’ and ‘Significant PD’ based on the cutoff values of relative change from baseline using maximally selected rank statistics. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between PD and DOR categories.
Results
Among the 194 evaluable patients, 130 experienced PD. A 35.48% decrease from baseline in tumor size at PD was chosen for the cutoff between mild and significant PD for OS (mild PD: tumor size from the baseline ≤ −35.48%; significant PD > −35.48%). The mild PD had superior OS compared to the significant PD (25.8 vs. 12.8 months; Hazard ratio [HR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.266-0.843, p=0.009). When using an exploratory cutoff based on whether the tumor size was below vs. exceeded from the baseline (mild PD: tumor size from the baseline ≤ 0%; significant PD > 0%), OS remained significantly longer in the mild PD (17.1 vs. 11.8 months; HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.392-0.932, p=0.021). The greatest DOR was associated with the longest OS and PFS (p<0.001 for both).
Conclusion
Tumor size at PD and DOR were significant prognostic factors for progressive disease. Maintaining a sufficiently reduced tumor size even during PD was associated with better survival outcomes.

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The Survival and Financial Benefit of Investigator-Initiated Trials Conducted by Korean Cancer Study Group: Bum Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Bhumsuk Keam, Young-Hyuck Im, Jungsil Ro, Kyung Hae Jung, Seock-Ah Im, Tae Won Kim, Jae Lyun Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Sang-We Kim, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn, Byoung Chul Cho, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Yoon-Koo Kang, Jae Yong Cho, Hwan Jung Yun, Byung-Ho Nam, Dae Young Zang; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):39-46. Published online July 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.421

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) is a nationwide cancer clinical trial group dedicated to advancing investigator-initiated trials (IITs) by conducting and supporting clinical trials. This study aims to review IITs conducted by KCSG and quantitatively evaluate the survival and financial benefits of IITs for patients.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed IITs conducted by KCSG from 1998 to 2023, analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) gains for participants. PFS and OS benefits were calculated as the difference in median survival times between the intervention and control groups, multiplied by the number of patients in the intervention group. Financial benefits were assessed based on the cost of investigational products provided.
Results
From 1998 to 2023, KCSG conducted 310 IITs, with 133 completed and published. Of these, 21 were included in the survival analysis. The analysis revealed that 1,951 patients in the intervention groups gained a total of 2,558.4 months (213.2 years) of PFS and 2,501.6 months (208.5 years) of OS, with median gains of 1.31 months in PFS and 1.58 months in OS per patient. When analyzing only statistically significant results, PFS and OS gain per patients was 1.69 months and 3.02 months, respectively. Investigational drug cost analysis from six available IITs indicated that investigational products provided to 252 patients were valued at 10,400,077,294 won (approximately 8,046,481 US dollars), averaging about 41,270,148 won (approximately 31,930 US dollars) per patient.
Conclusion
Our findings, based on analysis of published research, suggest that IITs conducted by KCSG led to survival benefits for participants and, in some studies, may have provided financial benefits by providing investment drugs.

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A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study to Evaluate Ethanol-Induced Symptoms in Patients Receiving Docetaxel Chemotherapy: Young-Woong Won, Jin-Hyoung Kang, Jung Hye Kwon, Dong-Hoe Koo, Jung Hun Kang, Chi Hoon Maeng, Hee Kyung Ahn, Sung Yong Oh, Dae-Won Lee, Joohyuk Sohn, So Yeon Oh, Kyung Hee Lee, Su-Jin Koh, Keun Seok Lee, Chan-Kyu Kim, Ji-Yeon Kim, Jun Ho Ji, Sung-Bae Kim, Joo Young Ha, Ho Young Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1096-1103. Published online April 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1565

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Several previous studies and case reports have reported ethanol-induced symptoms in patients receiving anticancer drugs containing ethanol. Most docetaxel formulations contain ethanol as a solvent. However, there are insufficient data on ethanol-induced symptoms when docetaxel-containing ethanol is administered. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and pattern of ethanol-induced symptoms during and after docetaxel administration. The secondary purpose was to explore the risk factors for ethanol-induced symptoms.
Materials and Methods
This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study. The participants filled out ethanol-induced symptom questionnaire on the day of chemotherapy and the following day.
Results
Data from 451 patients were analyzed. The overall occurrence rate of ethanol-induced symptoms was 44.3% (200/451 patients). The occurrence rate of facial flushing was highest at 19.7% (89/451 patients), followed by nausea in 18.2% (82/451 patients), and dizziness in 17.5% (79/451 patients). Although infrequent, unsteady walking and impaired balance occurred in 4.2% and 3.3% of patients, respectively. Female sex, presence of underlying disease, younger age, docetaxel dose, and docetaxel-containing ethanol amount were significantly associated with the occurrence of ethanol-induced symptoms.
Conclusion
The occurrence of ethanol-induced symptoms was not low in patients receiving docetaxel-containing ethanol. Physicians need to pay more attention to the occurrence of ethanol-induced symptoms and prescribe ethanol-free or low-ethanol-containing formulations to high-risk patients.

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Ethanol intoxication in paediatric patients receiving intravenous etoposide as conditioning regimen for allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Pauline Claraz, Marie de Tersant, Valentine Feyants, Julie Roupret-Serzec, Thomas Storme, Jean-Hugues Dalle
Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of self-assembling properties of paclitaxel-biotin conjugates
Dmitry V. Beigulenko, Anna Yu. Belyaeva, Ekaterina S. Kazakova, Maria M. Antonova, Aleksander S. Peregudov, Aleksey A. Nikitin, Tatyana S. Kovshova, Yulia V. Ermolenko, Konstantin A. Kochetkov
Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects.2024; 40: 101375. CrossRef

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Perspectives on Professional Burnout and Occupational Stress among Medical Oncologists: A Cross-sectional Survey by Korean Society for Medical Oncology (KSMO): Yun-Gyoo Lee, Chi Hoon Maeng, Do Yeun Kim, Bong-Seog Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1002-1009. Published online July 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.190

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of burnout and occupational stress among medical oncologists in Korea.
Methods
A survey was conducted of medical oncologists who were members of Korean Society for Medical Oncology (KSMO) using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and supplemental questions about work and lifestyle factors.
Results
Among 220 active KSMO members, 111 responses were collected. The median age was 42 years (range, 32 to 63 years). Two-thirds of responders worked 6 days per week and half of them worked a total of 60-80 hours per week. Each medical oncologist treated a median of 90-120 patients per week in outpatient clinics and 20-30 patients per week in patient practices. MBI subscales indicated a high level of emotional exhaustion in 74%, a high level of depersonalization in 86%, and a low level of personal accomplishment in 65%: 68% had professional burnout according to high emotional exhaustion and high depersonalization scores. The risk of burnout was higher for medical oncologists aged from 30-39 than 40-49 years, and unmarried than married. Considering personal accomplishment, females had a higher risk of burnout. The median score of occupational stress was 63 (range, 43 to 88). Having night-duty call was the strongest risk factor on more stress. A higher stress score was associated with a higher prevalence of burnout.
Conclusion
Burnout and occupational stress are quite common amongst Korean medical oncologists. Achieving a healthy work-life balance, ensuring balanced workload distribution, and engaging in proper stress relief solutions are necessary.

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Job stress and burnout affecting the mental health of Korean medical faculty members: constructing causality among latent variables
Ji-Hyun Seo, Hwa-ok Bae
Korean Journal of Medical Education.2024; 36(1): 27. CrossRef
Pilotstudie zu beruflicher Gratifikation und Gesundheit
I. Böckelmann, I. Zavgorodnii, O. Litovchenko, M. Krasnoselskyi, B. Thielmann
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie.2024; 74(3): 118. CrossRef
Associations among the workplace violence, burnout, depressive symptoms, suicidality, and turnover intention in training physicians: a network analysis of nationwide survey
Je-Yeon Yun, Sun Jung Myung, Kyung Sik Kim
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Work-Related Stress, Health Status, and Status of Health Apps Use in Korean Adult Workers
Won Ju Hwang, Minjeong Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(6): 3197. CrossRef

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Comparison of Total Body Irradiation (TBI) Conditioning with Non-TBI for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed or Relapsed Mature T- and NK-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Chi Hoon Maeng, Young Hyeh Ko, Do Hoon Lim, Eun Suk Kang, Joon Young Choi, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):92-103. Published online May 9, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.476

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Purpose
This retrospective study was conducted for comparison of survival outcomes and toxicities of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) based on the use of total body irradiation (TBI) as a part of the conditioning regimen in patients with mature T- and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas.
Materials and Methods
Patients who underwent ASCT in the upfront or salvage setting between January 2000 and December 2013 were analyzed. Patients were dichotomized according to the TBI group (n=38) and non-TBI group (n=60) based on the type of conditioning regimen for ASCT.
Results
Patients with responsive disease underwent upfront ASCT (TBI, n=16; non-TBI, n=29) whereas patients with refractory disease (TBI, n=9; non-TBI, n=12) or relapsed disease (TBI, n=13; non-TBI, n=19) underwent ASCT after salvage treatment. Hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities were manageable, and the median cumulative toxicity score according to Seattle criteria was estimated as 2 (range, 0 to 7) in both groups. No significant difference in 100-day mortality was observed between the TBI (13%, 5/38) and non-TBI (12%, 12/60) groups, and most deaths were related to disease progression. There was no difference in overall and progression-free survival; however, the TBI group showed a trend of better survival in upfront and salvage ASCT than the non-TBI group. However, patients with refractory disease showed the worst outcome regardless of the use of TBI. Patients who showed complete response before ASCT showed better progression-free survival than thosewho showed partial response.
Conclusion
TBI could be used as an effective part of conditioning for ASCT in patients with mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas.

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Whole body irradiation with intensity-modulated helical tomotherapy prior to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: analysis of organs at risk by dose and its effect on blood kinetics
Mümtaz Köksal, Jonathan Baumert, Danny Jazmati, Felix Schoroth, Stephan Garbe, David Koch, Davide Scafa, Gustavo R. Sarria, Christina Leitzen, Gregor Massoth, Achilles Delis, Annkristin Heine, Tobias Holderried, Peter Brossart, Thomas Müdder, Leonard C. S
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(10): 7007. CrossRef
The impacts of total body irradiation on umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Hao Wang, Kristin N. Berger, Elizabeth L. Miller, Wei Fu, Larisa Broglie, Frederick D. Goldman, Heiko Konig, Su Jin Lim, Arthur S. Berg, Julie-An Talano, Melanie A. Comito, Sherif S. Farag, Jeffrey J. Pu
Therapeutic Advances in Hematology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Helical versus static approaches to delivering tomotherapy to the junctional target for patients taller than 135 cm undergoing total body irradiation
Mümtaz Köksal, Jonathan Baumert, Felix Schoroth, Thomas Müdder, Davide Scafa, David Koch, Christina Leitzen, Gustavo R. Sarria, Leonard C. Schmeel, Frank A. Giordano
European Journal of Medical Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
National survey of myeloablative total body irradiation prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Japan: survey of the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group (JROSG)
Naoya Ishibashi, Toshinori Soejima, Hiroki Kawaguchi, Takeshi Akiba, Masatoshi Hasegawa, Kouichi Isobe, Hitoshi Ito, Michiko Imai, Yasuo Ejima, Masaharu Hata, Keisuke Sasai, Emiko Shimoda, Toshiya Maebayashi, Masahiko Oguchi, Tetsuo Akimoto
Journal of Radiation Research.2018; 59(4): 477. CrossRef

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A Retrospective Analysis for Patients with HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer Who Were Treated with Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy: In the Perspectives of Ethnicity and Histology: Jun Ho Yi, Jung Hun Kang, In Gyu Hwang, Hee Kyung Ahn, Hyun Jin Baek, Soon Il Lee, Do Hyoung Lim, Young-Woong Won, Jun Ho Ji, Hyo Song Kim, Sun Young Rha, Sung Yong Oh, Kyung Eun Lee, Taekyu Lim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Moon Jin Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):553-560. Published online August 10, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.155

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Purpose
While the Trastuzumab for Gastric Cancer (ToGA) trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab-based chemotherapy in HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer, the overall survival (OS) benefit was not found in Asian and diffuse-type cancer patients. The aim of the study is to investigate predictive markers for trastuzumab-based chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods
Data of patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer treated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively.
Results
A total of 168 Asian patients were included. The median age was 60 years (range, 27 to 85 years) and the male:female ratio was 118 (70.2%):50 (29.8%). Fourteen (8.3%), 63 (37.5%), 75 (44.6%), and 11 (6.5%) patients had well, moderately, poorly-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma, respectively. With 14 complete responses and 73 partial responses, the response rate was 50.6%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7 to 11.7), and the median OS was 18.5 months (95% CI, 16.4 to 50.6). Next, we investigated the effect of poorly-differentiated histology (PDH, poorly-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma+signet ring cell carcinoma) on clinical outcomes. The median PFS (8.9 months vs. 11.5 months, p=0.16) was slightly inferior in PDH patients, and the median OS was significantly shorter in PDH patients (14.6 months vs. 19.0 months, p=0.025).
Conclusion
While subset analysis of the ToGA trial demonstrated that trastuzumab-based chemotherapy may not be beneficial for Asians and patients with PDH, our data may suggest that even in Asian patients and patients with PDH, trastuzumab-based chemotherapy could be associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer.

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Timing to Surgery and Lymph Node Upstaging in Gastric Cancer: An NCDB Analysis
Maria Cristina Riascos, Jacques A. Greenberg, Federico Palacardo, Rodrigo Edelmuth, V. Colby Lewis, Anjile An, Haythem Najah, Hala Al Asadi, Parima Safe, Brendan M. Finnerty, Paul J. Christos, Thomas J. Fahey, Rasa Zarnegar
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2024; 31(3): 1714. CrossRef
Deviating HER2 test results in gastric cancer: analysis from the prospective multicenter VARIANZ study
Katharina Kolbe, Ivonne Haffner, Katrin Schierle, Dieter Maier, Birgitta Geier, Birgit Luber, Hendrik Bläker, Christian Wittekind, Florian Lordick
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(3): 1319. CrossRef
Trastuzumab Combined With Ramucirumab and Paclitaxel in Patients With Previously Treated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Chang Gon Kim, Minkyu Jung, Hyo Song Kim, Choong-kun Lee, Hei-Cheul Jeung, Dong-Hoe Koo, Woo Kyun Bae, Dae Young Zang, Bum Jun Kim, Hyunki Kim, Un-Jung Yun, Jingmin Che, Sejung Park, Tae Soo Kim, Woo Sun Kwon, Juin Park, Sang Woo Cho, Chung Mo Nam, Hyun C
Journal of Clinical Oncology.2023; 41(27): 4394. CrossRef
Novel HER2-targeted therapy to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-amplified gastric cancer
Juin Park, Sun Kyoung Kang, Woo Sun Kwon, Inhye Jeong, Tae Soo Kim, Seo Young Yu, Sang Woo Cho, Hyun Cheol Chung, Sun Young Rha
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Do proton pump inhibitors affect the effectiveness of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Wan-Ying Lin, Shih-Syuan Wang, Yi-No Kang, Andrea S. Porpiglia, Yu Chang, Chin-Hsuan Huang, Ronak Bhimani, Eahab Abdul-Lattif, Muneeba Azmat, Tsu-Hsien Wang, Yu-Shiuan Lin, Yu-Cheng Chang, Kuan-Yu Chi
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of Trastuzumab in Routine Clinical Practice: A Population-based Study of Patients with HER-2-positive Oesophageal, Gastroesophageal and Gastric Cancer
S.J. Merchant, W. Kong, B. Gyawali, T. Hanna, W. Chung, S. Nanji, S.V. Patel, C.M. Booth
Clinical Oncology.2021; 33(3): 202. CrossRef
Trastuzumab-based palliative chemotherapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer: a single-center real-world data
Tae-Hwan Kim, Hun Do Cho, Yong Won Choi, Hyun Woo Lee, Seok Yun Kang, Geum Sook Jeong, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Mi Sun Ahn, Seung-Soo Sheen
BMC Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
HER2 Expression, Test Deviations, and Their Impact on Survival in Metastatic Gastric Cancer: Results From the Prospective Multicenter VARIANZ Study
Ivonne Haffner, Katrin Schierle, Elba Raimúndez, Birgitta Geier, Dieter Maier, Jan Hasenauer, Birgit Luber, Axel Walch, Katharina Kolbe, Jorge Riera Knorrenschild, Albrecht Kretzschmar, Beate Rau, Ludwig Fischer von Weikersthal, Miriam Ahlborn, Gabriele S
Journal of Clinical Oncology.2021; 39(13): 1468. CrossRef
Current therapeutic options for gastric adenocarcinoma
C.R. Akshatha, Smitha Bhat, R. Sindhu, Dharini Shashank, Sarana Rose Sommano, Wanaporn Tapingkae, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Shashanka K. Prasad
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2021; 28(9): 5371. CrossRef
Efficacy of Trastuzumab and Potential Risk Factors on Survival in Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Atakan Topcu, Muhammed Mustafa Atci, Saban Secmeler, Mehmet Besiroglu, Murat Ayhan, Metin Ozkan, Oktay Bozkurt, Zuhat Urakci, Seval Ay, Caglayan Geredeli, Ayse Irem Yasin, Haci Mehmet Turk
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Reliability of Conclusions from Early Analyses of Real-World Data for Newly Approved Drugs in Advanced Gastric Cancer in the United States

Lisa M Hess, Michael Grabner, Liya Wang, Astra M Liepa, Xiaohong Ivy Li, Zhanglin Lin Cui, Lee Bowman, William R Schelman
Pragmatic and Observational Research.2020; Volume 11: 27. CrossRef
Targeting HER2-positive gastric cancer with a novel 18F-labeled ZHER2:342 probe
Yunyun Pan, Zhengyang Yang, Yuping Xu, Zhicheng Bai, Donghui Pan, Runlin Yang, Lizhen Wang, Wenxian Guan, Min Yang
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Clinical significance of overexpression of NRG1 and its receptors, HER3 and HER4, in gastric cancer patients
Sumi Yun, Jiwon Koh, Soo Kyung Nam, Jung Ok Park, Sung Mi Lee, Kyoungyul Lee, Kyu Sang Lee, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Do Joong Park, Hyung-Ho Kim, Gheeyoung Choe, Woo Ho Kim, Hye Seung Lee
Gastric Cancer.2018; 21(2): 225. CrossRef
Correlation of trastuzumab-based treatment with clinical characteristics and prognosis in HER2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: A retrospective single center analysis
A. Ilhan-Mutlu, H. Taghizadeh, A. Beer, W. Dolak, A. Ba-Ssalamah, S. F. Schoppmann, M. Hejna, P. Birner, M. Preusser
Cancer Biology & Therapy.2018; 19(3): 169. CrossRef
Docetaxel, oxaliplatin, 5FU, and trastuzumab as first-line therapy in patients with human epidermal receptor 2-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer
Giandomenico Roviello, Roberto Petrioli, Valerio Nardone, Pietro Rosellini, Andrea Giovanni Multari, Raffaele Conca, Michele Aieta
Medicine.2018; 97(20): e10745. CrossRef

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Changes in the Mean Corpuscular Volume after Capecitabine Treatment Are Associated with Clinical Response and Survival in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: Hyun Ae Jung, Hyun-Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Se Hoon Park, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):72-77. Published online August 21, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.172

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Capecitabine is known to increase mean corpuscular volume (MCV). To define the incidence of capecitabine-induced macrocytosis and its association with chemotherapy outcomes, we investigated data of 89 patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) who were enrolled in a randomized chemotherapy trial involving capecitabine. Materials and Methods Chemotherapy-naïve AGC patients were treated with capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2/day on days 1-14) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m2 on day 1), with or without epirubicin (50 mg/m2 on day 1). Complete blood counts including MCV were measured at baseline and on day 1 of each 3-week chemotherapy course. Macrocytosis was defined as a MCV increase > 10 fL from baseline. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for analysis of the impact of clinical and MCV values on chemotherapy outcomes. Results At baseline, the mean MCV was 88.2 fL (normal range, 80 to 100 fL). During chemotherapy, MCV increased in a dose-dependent manner with a mean increase of 11.3 fL. MCV elevation after capecitabine treatment in 74 patients (90%) and 44 patients (42%) developed macrocytosis. Results of multivariate analysis showed that development of macrocytosis was independent of baseline hemoglobin level, liver metastasis, performance status, or liver function. The number of chemotherapy cycles showed strong association with development of macrocytosis and hematologic adverse events. In addition, a significant association was observed between macrocytosis and clinical response or survival. Conclusion Macrocytosis developed with more frequent and prolonged use of capecitabine. It is possible that association with treatment outcomes warrants further investigation.

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Hidemasa Nagai, Norihiro Yuasa, Eiji Takeuchi, Hideo Miyake, Yuichiro Yoshioka, Kanji Miyata
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Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Is macrocytosis a potential biomarker of the efficacy of dose-dense paclitaxel–carboplatin combination therapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer?
Tihana Boraska Jelavić, Toni Boban, Luka Brčić, Eduard Vrdoljak
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Mean Corpuscular Volume is a Prognostic Factor for Patients after Curative Resection for Stage II Colorectal Cancer
Takahiro HOSOI, Norihiro YUASA, Eiji TAKEUCHI, Yasutomo GOTO, Hideo MIYAKE, Hidemasa NAGAI, Yuichiro YOSHIOKA, Kanji MIYATA
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Elevated red cell distribution width contributes to a poor prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma
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Nomogram to Predict Treatment Outcome of Fluoropyrimidine/Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Hyun Ae Jung, Antoine Adenis, Jeeyun Lee, Se Hoon Park, Chi Hoon Maeng, Silvia Park, Hee Kyung Ahn, Young Mog Shim, Nicolas Penel, Young-Hyuck Im; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(4):285-294. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.4.285

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PURPOSE
The degree of benefit from palliative chemotherapy differs widely among patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (MESCC). The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram to predict survival and aid physicians and patients in the decision-making process regarding treatment options.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Clinicopathologic variables and treatment outcomes of 239 patients who were diagnosed with MESCC and received either fluorouracil/cisplatin (FP) or capecitabine/cisplatin (XP) as first-line chemotherapy were reviewed. A nomogram was developed as a prognostic scoring system incorporating significant clinical and laboratory variables based on a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. An independent series of 61 MESCC patients treated with FP served as an independent data set for nomogram validation.
RESULTS
No difference in response rate was observed between the FP group (44.8%) and the XP group (54.2%). Similarly, no significant differences in median progression-free survival and median overall survival were observed between regimen groups. Multivariate analysis showed that poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] status> or =2), weight loss (10% of the weight loss for 3 months), low albumin level (< or =3.5 g/dL), and absence of previous esophagectomy at the time of chemotherapy were significantly associated with low OS in both groups (p<0.05). Based on these findings, patients were classified into favorable (score, 0 to 90), intermediate (91-134), and poor (>135) prognostic groups. The median survival for those with a favorable ECOG was 13.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.8 to 18.6 months), for intermediate 11.2 months (95% CI, 8.7 to 11.9 months), and for poor, 7.0 months (95% CI, 3.6 to 10.0 months). External validation of the nomogram in a different patient cohort yielded significantly similar findings.
CONCLUSION
The nomogram described here predicts survival in MESCC patients and could serve as a guide for the use of FP/XP chemotherapy in MESCC patients.

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Case Report

A Case of Organizing Pneumonia Associated with Rituximab: Chi Hoon Maeng, Sang Ouk Chin, Byung Hyuk Yang, Si-young Kim, Hwi-Joong Youn, Kyung Sam Cho, Sun Kyung Baek, Sun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2007;39(2):88-91. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2007.39.2.88

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Rituximab is a human/murine chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used to treat CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although most of the adverse effects associated with rituximab are usually reversible and temporary infusion-related reactions, including fever, chills, flushing and skin reactions, there are several reports of pulmonary events after long-term administration of rituximab. We present a case of asymptomatic nodular organizing pneumonia occurring during rituximab-based chemotherapy in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

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