Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Preferential Sensitivity of the EGFR L858M/L861R Mutation to Second-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Chaelin Lee, Sheehyun Kim, Soyeon Kim, Taekeun Park, Miso Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Jeonghwan Youk; Received March 11, 2025 Accepted August 19, 2025 Published online August 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.279 [Accepted]

Purpose
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently harbors targetable EGFR mutations. However, rare variants such as EGFR L858M or L861R remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to elucidate the oncogenic potential and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sensitivity of the EGFR L858M/L861R mutation to inform personalized treatment strategies.
Materials and Methods
Tumor samples from a NSCLC patient were analyzed using targeted panel sequencing and confirmed with the FoundationOne Liquid CDx assay. EGFR-mutant constructs, including L858M, L858R, L861R, L861Q, L858M/L861R, and L858R/L861Q, were generated and transduced into various cell lines. Cell viability, immunoblot, and soft agar colony formation assays were conducted to assess the oncogenicity and drug sensitivity, while computational protein modeling and docking simulations evaluated the drug-binding affinities of EGFR TKIs.
Results
Ba/F3 cells expressing the EGFR L858M/L861R mutation exhibited robust IL-3–independent proliferation accompanied by markedly increased EGFR phosphorylation, while NIH-3T3 cells showed anchorage-independent colony formation. Compared to other mutations, cells expressing EGFR L858M/L861R mutation were less sensitive to first-generation EGFR TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib) and third-generation EGFR TKIs (osimertinib, lazertinib), whereas second-generation EGFR TKIs (afatinib, poziotinib) demonstrated potent inhibitory effects. Computational modeling revealed a narrower drug-binding efficiency of first-generation inhibitors.
Conclusion
The EGFR L858M/L861R mutation drives strong oncogenic signaling and exhibits preferential sensitivity to second-generation EGFR TKIs. These findings underscore the importance of accurate molecular diagnosis for guiding effective, personalized therapeutic strategies in NSCLC.

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Real-World Outcomes and Subsequent Treatment Patterns in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Atypical EGFR Mutations Receiving First-Line Osimertinib Monotherapy
Jorge J. Nieva, Xuejun Wang, Deborah Doroshow, Leslie Servidio, Miranda Cooper, Yan Kwan Lau, Pritesh S. Karia, Jacqulyne Robichaux
Oncology and Therapy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Head and Neck cancer

Differential Efficacy of Alpelisib by PIK3CA Mutation Site in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Analysis from the KCSG HN 15-16 TRIUMPH Trial: Kyoo Hyun Kim, Shinwon Hwang, Min Kyoung Kim, Keon-Uk Park, Tak Yun, Keun-Wook Lee, Joo Hang Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Byoung Chul Cho, So Yeon Oh, Sang Hee Cho, Sangwoo Kim, Sung-Bae Kim, Min Hee Hong, Hye Ryun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(4):968-980. Published online January 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1195

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The TRIUMPH trial was a biomarker-driven umbrella trial for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). This analysis focuses on the PIK3CAα (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) inhibitor alpelisib (arm 1) in patients with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway alterations.
Materials and Methods
Patients with PI3K pathway altered tumors were enrolled in the alpelisib arm of the TRIUMPH study. We conducted a detailed analysis of the correlation between PI3K pathway mutations and treatment outcomes including disease control rate, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS).
Results
From October 2017 and August 2020, 203 were enrolled, with 42 treated with alpelisib. Response evaluation was possible for 33 patients. Genomic profiles revealed PIK3CA amplifications in 26.2%, and point mutations in E542K (26.2%), E545K (23.8%), and H1047R (9.5%). Neither PIK3CA amplification nor co-occurring TP53 mutations had a notable influence on alpelisib response or survival outcomes. Although the overall response rates were similar between helical domain mutations (E542, E545) and kinase domain mutation (H1047), patients with H1047 mutation exhibited significantly poorer PFS compared to those with non-H1047 PIK3CA alterations (1.6 vs. 7.3 months, p=0.017). OS in patients with H1047 kinase domain mutation showed a trend toward being shorter compared to others, though this difference did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion
Alpelisib showed differential efficacy based on PI3K pathway alterations in patients with R/M HNSCC and was well-tolerated. These findings suggest the usefulness of next-generation sequencing testing-based decision-making when using the targeted agents in R/M HNSCC. We need to confirm results in larger cohorts.

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Actualités 2025 par le comité de rédaction du Bulletin du Cancer : congrès ASCO, ESMO et au-delà
Stéphane Vignot, Audrey Bellesoeur, Delphine Borchiellini, Carole Bouleuc, Romain Cohen, Alexandre de Nonneville, Frédéric Delom, Serge Evrard, Nelly Firmin, Virginie Gandemer, Mohamed Khettab, Daniel Orbach, Manuel Rodrigues, Sébastien Thureau, Marie Wis
Bulletin du Cancer.2026; 113(1): 8. CrossRef
PIK3CA Mutations: Are They a Relevant Target in Adult Diffuse Gliomas?
Ana Tomás, Marta Pojo
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(11): 5276. CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

The Synergistic Effect of PARP Inhibitors and Irinotecan in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells: Songji Oh, Soyeon Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Jeonghwan Youk, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Miso Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(4):1040-1050. Published online January 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.728

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study focused on combining irinotecan with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to explore the potential for novel combination therapeutics in small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Materials and Methods
We selected 10 different SCLC cell lines with diverse mutational backgrounds in DNA damage response (DDR) pathway genes to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of three PARP inhibitors and irinotecan. After the cells were exposed to the drugs for 7 days, cell viability was measured, and a combination index was calculated. Apoptotic signaling was assessed via western blot, and DNA damage was evaluated using an alkaline comet assay.
Results
We assessed the synergistic effects of PARP inhibitors and irinotecan in in vitro SCLC models, which revealed increased sensitivity, particularly in cells harboring BRCA mutations. However, even in cells lacking mutations in DDR pathway genes, the combination of the two drugs exhibited a synergistic effect. When treated with 50 nM irinotecan, the IC₅₀ fold changes for PARP inhibitors were as follows: olaparib, 1,649±4,049; talazoparib, 25±34.21; venadaparib, 336±596.01. This combination enhanced apoptosis signaling and increased p-chk1 and p-p53 protein levels. Additionally, the treatment of PARP inhibitor with irinotecan increased DNA damage, as visualized by the alkaline comet assay.
Conclusion
This study provides preclinical evidence of the potential clinical benefits of combining irinotecan with PARP inhibitors in SCLC. Further clinical investigations are warranted to validate these findings for the development of more effective and personalized therapeutic strategies for SCLC patients.

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Genitourinary cancer

Pemetrexed Maintenance versus Observation in Patients with Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Who Completed First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy without Disease Progression (PREMIER, KCSG GU16-05): Inkeun Park, Shinkyo Yoon, Ilhwan Kim, Kwonoh Park, Suee Lee, Bhumsuk Keam, Joo-Hwan Park, Jin Young Kim, Yoon Ji Choi, Byeong Seok Sohn, Jae Lyun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(4):1167-1177. Published online December 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1003

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). Switch maintenance therapy after first-line (1L) treatment may delay disease progression. This study evaluated pemetrexed as switch maintenance therapy versus observation in aUC patients without disease progression after initial chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods
Eligible aUC patients who did not progress after 4-6 cycles of cisplatin or carboplatin-based chemotherapy were randomized 1:1 to receive maintenance pemetrexed (500 mg/m² intravenously every 3 weeks, up to 16 cycles) or observation. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), response rate, and safety.
Results
The trial was closed early due to slow accrual after avelumab approval. From October 2016 to December 2022, 97 patients were randomized to pemetrexed (n=49) or observation (n=48). The median age was 69 years (range, 43 to 90) and 66 (range, 33 to 82), respectively, with 63% and 73% of patients being male, respectively. The median PFS was 6.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 8.5) with pemetrexed versus 2.3 months (95% CI, 1.8 to 2.7) with observation (p=0.044; hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.99). The median OS was 18.1 months (95% CI, 6.9 to 29.4) for pemetrexed and 17.9 months (95% CI, 16.1 to 19.7) for observation (p=0.913; HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.73). Common adverse events in the pemetrexed group included anemia (30.6%), fatigue (18.4%), and neutropenia (12.2%), primarily grade 1 or 2.
Conclusion
The PREMIER trial showed that switch maintenance pemetrexed significantly prolonged PFS in aUC patients post-1L platinum-based chemotherapy, with a favorable safety profile. Further studies on combination maintenance therapies are warranted.

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Head and Neck cancer

Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel/Cisplatin/5-Fluorouracil Combined with Pegteograstim for Unresectable, Locally Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: KCSG HN18-07: Bhumsuk Keam, Ho Jung An, Seong Hoon Shin, Min Kyoung Kim, Jung Hae Cho, Seyoung Seo, Sung-Bae Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(3):701-708. Published online December 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1025

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) has not been established prospectively. We conducted a phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (TPF) in this population.
Materials and Methods
Eligible patients had unresectable, locally advanced SNSCC, defined as T3/4 category or potential compromise of critical organ function on surgery. Three TPF (docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1, 5-fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1-4 every 3 weeks) cycles were administered with prophylactic pegteograstim. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR); the secondary outcomes included 2-year progression-free survival (PFS), eyeball preservation rate, and safety.
Results
Among 28 patients screened, 25 were evaluable for efficacy (one screen-failure; two evaluable for safety only). The confirmed ORR was 72.0%. The definitive post-NAC treatment comprised chemoradiotherapy (n=15) and surgery (n=10). With a median follow-up of 25.5 months, median PFS was not reached and the 2-year PFS rate was 60.4%. Response to NAC was related to prolonged PFS (p=0.038). No patient underwent eyeball exenteration at the data cutoff point. Treatment-related adverse events of grade ≥ 3 were neutropenia (48.1%) including febrile neutropenia (14.8%), followed by acute kidney injury (22.2%), nausea/vomiting (11.1%), anemia (7.4%), thrombocytopenia (7.4%), and enterocolitis (3.7%).
Conclusion
TPF NAC showed a promising efficacy and might help preserve critical structures in this population, which needs to be validated in a large prospective trial (KCT0003377).

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General

Association between Tumor Size at the Time of Disease Progression and Survival Outcomes: Chi Hoon Maeng, Bum Jun Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, In Sil Choi, Dae Young Zang, Bo-Hyung Kim, Minji Kwon, Dae Seog Heo, Bhumsuk Keam; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):362-368. Published online October 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.690

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study evaluates the prognostic significance of tumor size at disease progression (PD) and depth of response (DOR) in cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
We performed post hoc analysis using data from six prospective clinical trials conducted by the Korean Cancer Study Group. Patients with tumor size at PD was categorized into ‘Mild PD’ and ‘Significant PD’ based on the cutoff values of relative change from baseline using maximally selected rank statistics. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between PD and DOR categories.
Results
Among the 194 evaluable patients, 130 experienced PD. A 35.48% decrease from baseline in tumor size at PD was chosen for the cutoff between mild and significant PD for OS (mild PD: tumor size from the baseline ≤ −35.48%; significant PD > −35.48%). The mild PD had superior OS compared to the significant PD (25.8 vs. 12.8 months; Hazard ratio [HR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.266-0.843, p=0.009). When using an exploratory cutoff based on whether the tumor size was below vs. exceeded from the baseline (mild PD: tumor size from the baseline ≤ 0%; significant PD > 0%), OS remained significantly longer in the mild PD (17.1 vs. 11.8 months; HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.392-0.932, p=0.021). The greatest DOR was associated with the longest OS and PFS (p<0.001 for both).
Conclusion
Tumor size at PD and DOR were significant prognostic factors for progressive disease. Maintaining a sufficiently reduced tumor size even during PD was associated with better survival outcomes.

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Pathology features of recurrent meningioma
V.V. Ushanov, Yu.M. Zabrodskaya, A.Yu. Ulitin, D.A. Sitovskaya, A.S. Sharova, A.A. Paltsev, A.V. Vasilenko, K.K. Kukanov
Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology.2025; 87(5): 28. CrossRef

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The Survival and Financial Benefit of Investigator-Initiated Trials Conducted by Korean Cancer Study Group: Bum Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Bhumsuk Keam, Young-Hyuck Im, Jungsil Ro, Kyung Hae Jung, Seock-Ah Im, Tae Won Kim, Jae Lyun Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Sang-We Kim, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn, Byoung Chul Cho, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Yoon-Koo Kang, Jae Yong Cho, Hwan Jung Yun, Byung-Ho Nam, Dae Young Zang; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):39-46. Published online July 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.421

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) is a nationwide cancer clinical trial group dedicated to advancing investigator-initiated trials (IITs) by conducting and supporting clinical trials. This study aims to review IITs conducted by KCSG and quantitatively evaluate the survival and financial benefits of IITs for patients.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed IITs conducted by KCSG from 1998 to 2023, analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) gains for participants. PFS and OS benefits were calculated as the difference in median survival times between the intervention and control groups, multiplied by the number of patients in the intervention group. Financial benefits were assessed based on the cost of investigational products provided.
Results
From 1998 to 2023, KCSG conducted 310 IITs, with 133 completed and published. Of these, 21 were included in the survival analysis. The analysis revealed that 1,951 patients in the intervention groups gained a total of 2,558.4 months (213.2 years) of PFS and 2,501.6 months (208.5 years) of OS, with median gains of 1.31 months in PFS and 1.58 months in OS per patient. When analyzing only statistically significant results, PFS and OS gain per patients was 1.69 months and 3.02 months, respectively. Investigational drug cost analysis from six available IITs indicated that investigational products provided to 252 patients were valued at 10,400,077,294 won (approximately 8,046,481 US dollars), averaging about 41,270,148 won (approximately 31,930 US dollars) per patient.
Conclusion
Our findings, based on analysis of published research, suggest that IITs conducted by KCSG led to survival benefits for participants and, in some studies, may have provided financial benefits by providing investment drugs.

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Head and Neck cancer

Analysis of Response and Progression Patterns of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Recurrent or Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Post Hoc Analysis of Two KCSG Phase II Trials: Youjin Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Eun Joo Kang, Jin-Soo Kim, Hye Ryun Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jung Hye Kwon, Kyoung Eun Lee, Yaewon Yang, Yoon Hee Choi, Min Kyoung Kim, Jun Ho Ji, Tak Yun, Moon Young Choi, Ki Hyeong Lee, Sung-Bae Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1068-1076. Published online April 15, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.008

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
In this study, we evaluated 66 patients diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) enrolled in two Korean Cancer Study Group trials to investigate the response and progression patterns in recurrent and/or metastatic ACC treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs).
Materials and Methods
We evaluated 66 patients diagnosed with ACC who were enrolled in the Korean Cancer Study Group trials. The tumor measurements, clinical data, treatment outcomes, and progression patterns of therapy were analyzed.
Results
In the 66 patients (53 receiving axitinib and 13 receiving nintedanib), the disease control rate was 61%, and three patients achieved partial response. The median follow-up, median progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and 6-month PFS rate were 27.6%, 12.4%, and 18.1% months and 62.1%, respectively. Among 42 patients who experienced progression, 27 (64.3%) showed target lesion progression. Bone metastasis was an independent poor prognostic factor.
Conclusion
Overall, most patients demonstrated stable disease with prolonged PFS; however, prominent target lesion progression occurred in some patients. Thus, PFS may capture VEGFR-TKI efficacy better than the objective response rate.

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Case Report

Molecular and Treatment Characteristics of SMARCB1 or SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor: Retrospective Case Series: Hyeon Gyu Kang, Jiwon Koh, Tae Min Kim, Doo Hee Han, Tae-Bin Won, Dong-Wan Kim, Dong-Young Kim, Bhumsuk Keam; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):967-971. Published online February 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1308

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

SMARCB1 or SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinoma or thoracic undifferentiated tumor has aggressive nature with a poor prognosis. Patients with this disease were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry or next-generation sequencing. Those who were able to receive a surgery tended to be cured, while the others treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immune checkpoint inhibitor were often insensitive to these therapies. However, one having CD274 (PD-L1) amplification showed the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor and a good prognosis. We believed that this report could provide promising information for determining the optimal treatment option.

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Deficiency of SMARCB1 drives an immunosuppressive microenvironment in meningioma
Ben Jin, Hao Hu, Yanhua Lu, Xia Tian, Guanghui Hu, Jingjing Xu, Xingqi Wu, Long Zhang, Juxiang Chen, Miaoxia He
Acta Neuropathologica Communications.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Lung and Thoracic cancer

Analytical and Clinical Validation of a Highly Sensitive NGS-Based ctDNA Assay with Real-World Concordance in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Hanbaek Yi, Jeonghwan Youk, Yoojoo Lim, Hanseong Roh, Dongsoo Kyung, Hwang-Phill Kim, Duhee Bang, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae-Min Kim, Miso Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Tae-You Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):765-773. Published online January 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1294

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
There have been needs to improve the sensitivity of liquid biopsy. This report aims to report the analytical and clinical validation of a next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay.
Materials and Methods
Analytical validation was conducted in vitro by evaluating the limit of detection (LOD), precision, and specificity for various genomic aberrations. The real-world performance in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was assessed by comparing the results of AlphaLiquid100 to the tissue-based results.
Results
The LODs with 30 ng input DNA were 0.11%, 0.11%, 0.06%, 0.21%, and 2.13 copies for detecting single nucleotide variants, insertions, deletions, fusions, and copy number alterations (CNA), respectively. Quantitatively, single nucleotide variants/insertions and deletions, fusions, and CNAs showed a good correlation (R²=0.91, 0.40, and 0.65; y=0.95, 1.06, and 1.19) to the manufacturer’s values, and per-base specificities for all types of variants were near 100%. In real-world NSCLC (n=122), key actionable mutations in NSCLC were detected in 60.7% (74/122) with the ctDNA assay. Comparative analysis against the NGS-based tissue results for all key mutations showed positive percent agreement (PPA) of 85.3%. For individual genes, the PPA was as high as 95.7% for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and 83.3% for ALK translocations. AlphaLiquid100 detected drug-sensitive EGFR mutation at a variant allele frequency as low as 0.02% and also identified an EGFR mutation in a case where tissue sample missed. Blood samples collected post-targeted therapies revealed additional acquired mutations.
Conclusion
The AlphaLiquid100 ctDNA assay demonstrates robust analytical validity, offering clinically important information for NSCLC patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Trastuzumab deruxtecan in non-breast solid tumors: Expanding indications, efficacy, and future directions
A. Ghidini, R. Bukovec, L. Roncari, L. Dottorini, F. Petrelli
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2026; 220: 105158. CrossRef
Reporting of molecular test results from cell-free DNA analyses: expert consensus recommendations from the 2023 European Liquid Biopsy Society ctDNA Workshop
Vincent D. de Jager, Patrizio Giacomini, Jennifer A. Fairley, Rodrigo A. Toledo, Simon J. Patton, Simon A. Joosse, Claudia Koch, Zandra C. Deans, Sofia Agelaki, Claus Lindbjerg Andersen, Daniel Andersson, Beatriz Bellosillo, Inger Riise Bergheim, Daan van
eBioMedicine.2025; 114: 105636. CrossRef
Improvement of the sensitivity of circulating tumor DNA-based liquid biopsy: current approaches and future perspectives
Ekaterina S. Kuligina, Grigoriy A. Yanus, Evgeny N. Imyanitov
Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Next-generation sequencing impact on cancer care: applications, challenges, and future directions
Mariano Zalis, Gilson Gabriel Viana Veloso, Pedro Nazareth Aguiar Jr., Nathalia Gimenes, Marina Xavier Reis, Silvio Matsas, Carlos Gil Ferreira
Frontiers in Genetics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Profiling Cell-Free DNA from Malignant Pleural Effusion for Oncogenic Driver Mutations in Patients with Treatment-Naive Stage IV Adenocarcinoma: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Shih-Chieh Chang, Yu-Feng Wei, Chung-Yu Chen, Yi-Chun Lai, Po-Wei Hu, Jui-Chi Hung, Cheng-Yu Chang
Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy.2024; 28(6): 803. CrossRef
Concordance of ctDNA and tissue genomic profiling in advanced biliary tract cancer
Sohyun Hwang, Seonjeong Woo, Beodeul Kang, Haeyoun Kang, Jung Sun Kim, Sung Hwan Lee, Chang Il Kwon, Dong Soo Kyung, Hwang-Phill Kim, Gwangil Kim, Chan Kim, Hong Jae Chon
Journal of Hepatology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

9,280 View
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Head and Neck cancer

A Phase II Trial of Nintedanib in Patients with Metastatic or Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: In-Depth Analysis of Nintedanib Arm from the KCSG HN 15-16 TRIUMPH Trial: Kyoo Hyun Kim, Sun Min Lim, Hee Kyung Ahn, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Keun-Wook Lee, Myung-Ju Ahn, Bhumsuk Keam, Hye Ryun Kim, Hyun Woo Lee, Ho Jung An, Jin-Soo Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):37-47. Published online July 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.433

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Precision oncology approach for recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is necessary due to its dismal prognosis. We performed a genomic profile-based umbrella trial of patients with platinum-refractory HNSCC (KCSG-TRIUMPH). Here, we present an in-depth report of the the nintedanib arm (arm 3) of the current trial.
Materials and Methods
The TRIUMPH study was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial, in which patients were assigned to treatment arms based on next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based, matching genomic profiles. Patients whose tumors harbor fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) alteration were enrolled in the nintedanib arm (arm 3) as part of the TRIUMPH study. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), safety, and biomarker analysis.
Results
Between October 2017 and August 2020, 207 were enrolled in the TRIUMPH study, and eight were enrolled in the nintedanib arm. ORR and disease control rate were 42.9% and 57.1%, respectively. The median PFS was 5.6 months and the median duration of response was 9.1 months. Median OS was 11.1 months. One patient maintained the partial response for 36 months. Overall, the toxicity profiles were manageable.
Conclusion
Single-agent nintedanib has demonstrated significant efficacy in FGFR-mutated, recurrent or metastatic HNSCC patients, with tolerable toxicity profiles. The results from the study have provided the basis for routine NGS screening and FGFR-targeted therapy. Because of the small number of patients due to slow accrual in this study, further studies with a larger cohort are warranted for statistical power.

Citations

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Predictive and Prognostic Value of p16 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Molecular Targeted Agents or Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Subgroup Analysis of the TRIUMPH Study
Hyerim Ha, Sang Hoon Chun, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Hyun Chang, Jang Ho Cho, Der Sheng Sun, Sang Hee Cho, Jung Hye Kwon, Kyoung Eun Lee, In Gyu Hwang, Hyo Jung Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Seong Hoon Shin, Sung-Bae Kim, Joo Hang Kim, Hwan Jung Yun
Cancer Investigation.2026; : 1. CrossRef
Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) with inhibitors in head and neck cancers: Their roles, mechanisms and challenges
Daowen Luo, Sirinart Kumfu, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
Biochemical Pharmacology.2025; 235: 116845. CrossRef
Functional Characterization of Variants of Unknown Significance of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors 1-4 and Comparison With AI Model–Based Prediction
Martin Ziegler, Nadira Khoury, Louisa Maxine Hommerich, Heike Adler, Sonja Loges
JCO Precision Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and biological impact of clinically relevant gene fusions in head and neck cancers
Emily L. Hoskins, Raven Vella, Julie W. Reeser, Michele R. Wing, Eric Samorodnitsky, Altan Turkoglu, Leah Stein, Elizabeth Breuning, Zachary A. Risch, Wilnelly M. Hernandez-Sanchez, Lianbo Yu, Michelle Churchman, Nancy Single, Jad Chahoud, Antonio Jimeno,
npj Precision Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular insights into immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Toward a promising treatment strategy
HYEON JI KIM, BO KYUNG JOO, JIN-SEOK BYUN, DO-YEON KIM
Oncology Research.2025; 33(6): 1271. CrossRef
One-pot synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new quinoline/pyrimido-diazepines as pulmonary antifibrotic agents
Michael Atef Fawzy, Karim Hagag Ibrahim, Ashraf A Aly, Asmaa H Mohamed, Sara Mohamed Naguib Abdel Hafez, Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher, Eslam B Elkaeed, Aisha A Alsfouk, El-Shimaa MN Abdelhafez
Future Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 16(21): 2211. CrossRef
Critical review of the current and future prospects of VEGF-TKIs in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
Prashant Puttagunta, Saagar V. Pamulapati, James E. Bates, Jennifer H. Gross, William A. Stokes, Nicole C. Schmitt, Conor Steuer, Yong Teng, Nabil F. Saba
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Targeting CD73 to Overcomes Resistance to First-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Miso Kim, Soyeon Kim, Jeemin Yim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1134-1143. Published online May 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.311

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
In patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) improve response rate and survival. However, most patients eventually develop resistance. This study aimed to identify the role of CD73 in EGFR-mutant NSCLC and explore whether CD73 inhibition may serve as a therapeutic strategy in NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated the prognostic role of CD73 expression in EGFR-mutant NSCLC using tumor samples from a single institution. We silenced CD73 in EGFR-TKI–resistant cell lines using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting CD73 and also transfected a vector alone as a negative control. Using these cell lines, cell proliferation and viability assays, immunoblot assays, cell cycle analysis, colony-forming assays, flow cytometry, and apoptosis analysis were performed.
Results
High expression of CD73 was associated with shorter survival in patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant NSCLC treated with first-generation EGFR-TKI. CD73 inhibition synergistically inhibited cell viability with first-generation EGFR-TKI treatment compared with the negative control. When CD73 inhibition and EGFR-TKI treatment were combined, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest was induced through the regulation of p21 and cyclin D1. In addition, the apoptosis rate was increased in CD73 shRNA-transfected cells treated with EGFR-TKI.
Conclusion
High expression of CD73 adversely affects the survival of patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. The study demonstrated that inhibiting CD73 in EGFR-TKI–resistant cell lines resulted in increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which overcame the acquired resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs. Further research is needed to determine whether blocking CD73 plays a therapeutic role in EGFR-TKI–resistant patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

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Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Reveals Proteins Associated With Osimertinib Resistance
Albano Cáceres‐Verschae, Petra Hååg, Sofia Joelsson, Per Hydbring, Bo Franzén, Ákos Végvári, Inger Johanne Z. Eide, Nupur Agarwal, Siddharth Sourabh Sahu, Fredrik Stridfeldt, Luigi De Petris, Apurba Dev, Simon Ekman, Odd Terje Brustugun, Rolf Lewensohn, K
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Simultaneous blockade of the CD73/EGFR axis inhibits tumor growth
Keivan Ardeshiri, Hadi Hassannia, Ghasem Ghalamfarsa, Hanieh Jafary, Farhad Jadidi
IUBMB Life.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the Expression of CD73 in Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR Genomic Alterations
Elodie Long-Mira, Christophe Bontoux, Guylène Rignol, Véronique Hofman, Sandra Lassalle, Jonathan Benzaquen, Jacques Boutros, Salomé Lalvée-Moret, Katia Zahaf, Virginie Lespinet-Fabre, Olivier Bordone, Sophia Maistre, Christelle Bonnetaud, Charlotte Cohen
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Assessing the impact of CD73 inhibition on overcoming anti-EGFR resistance in glioma cells
LUIZ FERNANDO LOPES SILVA, JULIETE NATHALI SCHOLL, AUGUSTO FERREIRA WEBER, CAMILA KEHL DIAS, PAULINE RAFAELA PIZZATO, VINíCIUS PIERDONá LIMA, JEAN SÉVIGNY, ANA MARIA OLIVEIRA BATTASTINI, FABRÍCIO FIGUEIRÓ
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CD39 and CD73: biological functions, diseases and therapy
Jie Shen, Bin Liao, Li Gong, Sha Li, Juan Zhao, Huiyao Yang, Yi Gong, Yongsheng Li
Molecular Biomedicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of CD73: Explore its association with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment
Chen Chen, Sasa Liu, Yanfen Ma
Heliyon.2024; 10(22): e40329. CrossRef

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Efficacy of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation According to the Risk of Extracranial Recurrence in Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Tae Hoon Lee, Joo-Hyun Chung, Hong-Gyun Wu, Suzy Kim, Joo Ho Lee, Bhumsuk Keam, Jin-Soo Kim, Ki Hwan Kim, Byoung Hyuck Kim, Hak Jae Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):875-884. Published online February 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1583

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for “early brain metastasis”, which occurs before extracranial recurrence (ECR), and “late brain metastasis”, which occurs after ECR, in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 271 LS-SCLC patients who underwent definitive chemoradiation. All patients were initially staged with brain magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Intracranial recurrence (ICR), ECR, progression-free rate (PFR), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed as clinical endpoints. The competing risk of the first recurrence with ICR (ICRfirst) was evaluated. Significantly associated variables in multivariate analysis of ECR were considered as ECR risk factors. Patients were stratified according to the number of ECR risk factors.
Results
The application of PCI was associated with higher PFR (p=0.008) and OS (p=0.045). However, PCI was not associated with any of the clinical endpoints in multivariate analysis. The competing risk of ICRfirst was significantly decreased with the application of PCI (hazard ratio, 0.476; 95% confidence interval, 0.243 to 0.931; p=0.030). Stage III disease, sequential, and stable disease after thoracic radiation were selected as ECR risk factors. For patients without these risk factors, the application of PCI was significantly associated with increased OS (p=0.048) and a decreased risk of ICRfirst (p=0.026).
Conclusion
PCI may play a role in preventing early brain metastasis rather than late brain metastasis after ECR, suggesting that only patients with a low risk of ECR may currently benefit from PCI.

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Efficacy evaluation of prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited stage small‑cell lung cancer in the magnetic resonance imaging era: A meta‑analysis
Lihua Shao, Yumei Dong, Meiqiao Jiang, Haixia Song, Yuexiao Qi, Liyun Guo, Jinhui Tian, Shihong Wei
Oncology Letters.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

6,067 View
150 Download
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1 Crossref

Breast cancer

A Phase II Trial of S-1 and Oxaliplatin in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated with Anthracycline and Taxane (KCSG-BR07-03): Dae-Won Lee, Bhumsuk Keam, Keun Seok Lee, Jin-Hee Ahn, Joohyuk Sohn, Jin Seok Ahn, Moon Hee Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Kyung Eun Lee, Hyo Jung Kim, Si-Young Kim, Yeon Hee Park, Chan-Young Ock, Kyung-Hun Lee, Sae-Won Han, Sung-Bae Kim, Young Hyuck Im, Hyun Cheol Chung, Do-Youn Oh, Seock-Ah Im; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):523-530. Published online November 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1360

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This single-arm phase II trial investigate the efficacy and safety of S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
Patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes were enrolled. Patients received S-1 (40-60 mg depending on patient’s body surface area, twice a day, day 1-14) and oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2, day 1) in 3 weeks cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor 1.1. Secondary endpoints included time-to-progression (TTP), duration-of-response (DoR), overall survival (OS), and adverse events.
Results
A total of 87 patients were enrolled from 11 institutions in Korea. Hormone receptor was positive in 54 (62.1%) patients and six (6.9%) had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive disease. Forty-eight patients (85.1%) had visceral metastasis and 74 (55.2%) had more than three sites of metastases. The ORR of SOX regimen was 38.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.9 to 50.0) with a median TTP of 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 6.9). Median DoR and OS were 10.3 months (95% CI, 5.5 to 15.1) and 19.4 (95% CI, not estimated) months, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in 28 patients (32.1%) and thrombocytopenia was observed in 23 patients (26.6%).
Conclusion
This phase II study showed that SOX regimen is a reasonable option in metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes.

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Therapeutic challenges in breast cancer: Navigating the impact of oxidative stress on treatment efficacy and toxicity
Dariush Haghmorad, Fatemeh Tavassoli Razavi, Yasamin Eivazzadeh, Esmaeil Yazdanpanah, Niloufar Orooji
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2025; 190: 118364. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of utidelone in pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer in China: a multicenter, real-world study
Shihui Hu, Tengfei Chao, Ning Xie, Quchang Ouyang, Fei Xu, Hong Wang, Yannan Zhao, Chengcheng Gong, Biyun Wang
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Unraveling the immune landscape and therapeutic biomarker PMEPA1 for oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer: A comprehensive approach
Zhengguang Zhang, Tianming Lu, Zhe Zhang, Zixian Liu, Ruoning Qian, Ruogu Qi, Fuqiong Zhou, Min Li
Biochemical Pharmacology.2024; 222: 116117. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of utidelone plus capecitabine in advanced first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer: A multicenter real-world study
Pingping Bi, Xi Wang, Rui Liu, Xiuqin Li, Shanrong Wei, Jiawen Zhao, Xin Tan, Fan Zhang, Qing Mao, Ying Zhang, Baoyan Tang, Xueqiong Xun, Rong Guo, Kai Zheng, Shaoqiang Zhou, Shicong Tang
Surgery Open Science.2023; 16: 171. CrossRef

6,718 View
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4 Crossref

Lung and Thoracic cancer

Acquired Resistance Mechanism of EGFR Kinase Domain Duplication to EGFR TKIs in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chaelin Lee, Miso Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Tae Min Kim, Soyeon Kim, Sun-Wha Im, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Bhumsuk Keam, Ja-Lok Ku, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):140-149. Published online May 3, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.385

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase domain duplication (EGFR-KDD) is a rare and poorly understood oncogenic mutation in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to investigate the acquired resistance mechanism of EGFR-KDD against EGFR-TKIs.
Materials and Methods
We identified EGFR-KDD in tumor tissue obtained from a patient with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and established the patient-derived cell line SNU-4784. We also established several EGFR-KDD Ba/F3 cell lines: EGFR-KDD wild type (EGFR-KDD^WT), EGFR-KDD domain 1 T790M (EGFR-KDD^D1T), EGFR-KDD domain 2 T790M (EGFR-KDD^D2T), and EGFR-KDD both domain T790M (EGFR-KDD^BDT). We treated the cells with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and performed cell viability assays, immunoblot assays, and ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) mutagenesis screening.
Results
In cell viability assays, SNU-4784 cells and EGFR-KDD^WT Ba/F3 cells were sensitive to 2nd generation and 3rd generation EGFR TKIs. In contrast, the T790M-positive EGFR-KDD Ba/F3 cell lines (EGFR-KDD^T790M) were only sensitive to 3rd generation EGFR TKIs. In ENU mutagenesis screening, we identified the C797S mutation in kinase domain 2 of EGFR-KDD^BDT Ba/F3 cells. Based on this finding, we established an EGFR-KDD domain 1 T790M/domain 2 cis-T790M+C797S (EGFR-KDD^T/T+C) Ba/F3 model, which was resistant to EGFR TKIs and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody combined with EGFR TKIs.
Conclusion
Our study reveals that the T790M mutation in EGFR-KDD confers resistance to 1st and 2nd generation EGFR TKIs, but is sensitive to 3rd generation EGFR TKIs. In addition, we identified that the C797S mutation in kinase domain 2 of EGFR-KDD^T790M mediates a resistance mechanism against 3rd generation EGFR TKIs.

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Colorectal cancer harboring EGFR kinase domain duplication response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Tomohiro Kondo, Osamu Kikuchi, Yoshihiro Yamamoto, Tomohiko Sunami, Yafeng Wang, Keita Fukuyama, Tomoki Saito, Hideto Nakahara, Sachiko Minamiguchi, Masashi Kanai, Atsushi Sueyoshi, Manabu Muto
The Oncologist.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation of T22306 as a Potent Third-generation EGFR Inhibitor for NSCLC Treatment
Ran Wang, Wei Ruan, Dang Fan, Li Long, Han Zhang, Min Li, Shan Xu, Linxiao Wang
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry.2025; 25(15): 1128. CrossRef
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Domain Duplication in Lung Adenocarcinoma with Sensitive Response to Afatinib: A Case Report and Literature Review
Shuangru Chen, Liting Zhang, Jun Wang, Jiayao Lu, Ye Chen, Mingzhu Ling
Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy.2025; Volume 16: 97. CrossRef
A Constitutive EGFR Kinase Dimer to Study Inhibitor Pharmacology
Justin J. Kim, Ilse K. Schaeffner, David E. Heppner, Ciric To, Pasi A. Jänne, Tyler S. Beyett, Michael J. Eck
Molecular Pharmacology.2024; 105(2): 97. CrossRef
Tumor-associated Macrophages Mediate Gefitinib Resistance in Lung Cancer through HGF/c-met Signaling Pathway
Xiali Tang, Yu Chen, Demin Jiao, Xiang Liu, Jun Chen, Yongyang Liu, Chunyan Jiang, Qingyong Chen
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 24(1): 30. CrossRef
Research progress on the role of bypass activation mechanisms in resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer
Ziyang Jiang, Zhihan Gu, Xiaomin Yu, Tao Cheng, Bofu Liu
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of Casein-Derived Tripeptides Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro on Hepatic Glucose Metabolism
Chenyang Wang, Lin Zheng, Mouming Zhao
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2023; 71(48): 18802. CrossRef
Erlotinib

Reactions Weekly.2022; 1907(1): 208. CrossRef

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Head and Neck cancer

Induction Chemotherapy as a Prognostication Index and Guidance for Treatment of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Concept of Chemo-Selection (KCSG HN13-01): Yun-Gyoo Lee, Eun Joo Kang, Bhumsuk Keam, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Jin-Soo Kim, Keon Uk Park, Kyoung Eun Lee, Hyo Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Min Kyoung Kim, Hee Kyung Ahn, Seong Hoon Shin, Hye Ryun Kim, Sung-Bae Kim, Hwan Jung Yun; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):109-117. Published online April 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1329

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Certain patient subgroups who do not respond to induction chemotherapy (IC) show inherent chemoresistance in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of IC, and role of IC in guiding the selection of a definitive locoregional therapy.
Materials and Methods
Out of the 445 patients in multi-institutional LA-HNSCC cohort, 158 (36%) receiving IC were enrolled. The study outcome was to assess overall survival (OS) through IC responsiveness and its role to select subsequent treatments.
Results
Among 135 patients who completed subsequent treatment following IC, 74% responded to IC (complete response in 17% and partial response in 58%). IC-non-responders showed 4.5 times higher risk of mortality than IC-responders (hazard ratio, 4.52; 95% confidence interval, 2.32 to 8.81; p < 0.001). Among IC-responders, 84% subsequently received definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and OS was not differed by surgery or CCRT (p=0.960). Regarding IC-non-responders, 54% received CCRT and 46% underwent surgery, and OS was poor in CCRT (24-month survival rate of 38%) or surgery (24-month survival rate of 63%).
Conclusion
Response to IC is a favorable prognostic factor. For IC-responders, either surgery or CCRT achieved similar survival probabilities. For IC-non-responder, multidisciplinary approach was warranted reflecting patients’ preference, morbidity, and prognosis.

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Circulating tumor DNA determines induction chemotherapy response in HPV associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study
Zachary M. Huttinger, Emile Gogineni, Sujith Baliga, Dukagjin M. Blakaj, Priyanka Bhateja, Marcelo Bonomi, Stephen Y. Kang, Matthew O. Old, Nolan B. Seim, Kyle K. VanKoevering, Amit Agrawal, Enver Ozer, James W. Rocco, Catherine T. Haring
Oral Oncology.2025; 161: 107179. CrossRef
Treatment patterns, outcomes, healthcare resource utilization, and costs associated with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Japan
Kenichi Nibu, Makoto Tahara, Noriko Yoshimi, Ramzi Argoubi, Vanessa Rascon-Velasco, Makan Rahshenas, Sarah Bobiak, Ember Lu
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment De-Escalation: From Historical Failures to Contemporary HPV-Driven Paradigms
Alvaro Sanabria, Juan P. Rodrigo, Anna Luíza Damaceno Araújo, Luiz P. Kowalski
Cancers.2025; 18(1): 23. CrossRef
Clinical decision pathway and management of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A multidisciplinary consensus in Asia-Pacific
Ye Guo, Torahiko Nakashima, Byoung Chul Cho, Darren W.-T. Lim, Muh-Hwa Yang, Pei-Jen Lou, June Corry, Jin Ching Lin, Guo Pei Zhu, Kyung Hwan Kim, Bin Zhang, Zhiming Li, Ruey-Long Hong, Junice Yi Siu Ng, Ee Min Tan, Yan Ping Liu, Con Stylianou, Carmel Spit
Oral Oncology.2024; 148: 106657. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant programmed cell death 1 blockade combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Ping Han, Faya Liang, Pan Song, Taowei Wu, Yangyang Li, Ming Gao, Peiliang Lin, Jianming Fan, Xiaoming Huang
Holistic Integrative Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical prognostic factors to guide treatment strategy for HPV‑positive oropharyngeal cancer using treatment outcomes of induction chemotherapy: A real‑world experience
Hyun Bang, Hyeon-Jong Kim, Seung Lee, Hyun Shim, Jun Hwang, Woo Bae, Ik-Joo Chung, Sang-Hee Cho
Oncology Letters.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of induction chemotherapy in advanced‐stage olfactory neuroblastoma
Sung‐Woo Cho, Bhumsuk Keam, Keun‐Wook Lee, Ji‐Won Kim, Doo Hee Han, Hyun Jik Kim, Jeong‐Whun Kim, Dong‐Young Kim, Chae‐Seo Rhee, Yun Jung Bae, Ji‐Hoon Kim, Keun‐Yong Eom, Hong‐Gyun Wu, Yong Hwy Kim, Chae‐Yong Kim, Sun Ha Paek, Hyojin Kim, Tae‐Bin Won
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology.2024; 14(12): 1882. CrossRef
Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Oral Cavity Cancer
B. B. Vyzhigina, M. A. Kropotov, B. I. Dolgushin, D. A. Safarov, I. V. Pogrebnyakov, S. B. Alieva
Journal of oncology: diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy.2024; 7(3): 62. CrossRef
Response to induction chemotherapy as a prognostic indicator in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Francesca Huwyler, Roland Giger, Ruben Bill, Daniel Rauch, Simon Haefliger
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Response to induction chemotherapy in sinonasal malignancies: A single‐institutional experience
Sarah C. Nyirjesy, Rachel Fenberg, Margaret A. Heller, Ryan T. Judd, Michael M. Li, Brandon Koch, Marcelo Bonomi, Ricardo L. Carrau, Kyle K. VanKoevering
Head & Neck.2023; 45(6): 1445. CrossRef
Human Papillomavirus-Related Non-Metastatic Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Local Treatment Options and Future Perspectives
Michaela Svajdova, Pavol Dubinsky, Tomas Kazda, Branislav Jeremic
Cancers.2022; 14(21): 5385. CrossRef

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Sarcoma

Real-World Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for Patients with Advanced Angiosarcoma who Received Systemic Treatment: Changhee Park, Miso Kim, Yoonjin Kwak, Kyung Chul Moon, Se Hyun Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Yu Jung Kim, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wan Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1195-1203. Published online February 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1337

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Angiosarcoma is a highly aggressive mesenchymal tumor. Although systemic chemotherapy is often considered for the inoperable or metastatic angiosarcoma, the outcome of such treatment is unsatisfactory and poorly delineated.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed electronic medical records of 75 patients with angiosarcoma who were treated with systemic chemotherapy for inoperable or metastatic disease. Patients were classified as having liver involvement if they had either primary or metastatic hepatic lesions.
Results
Among the patients evaluated, 51 patients were male (68%) and 24 patients (32%) had primary cutaneous angiosarcoma. Liver involvement was present in 28 patients (37.3%). A total of 59 patients received first-line weekly paclitaxel (wPac) and showed an objective response rate (ORR) of 23.7% (n=14), a median progression free survival (mPFS) of 4.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0–6.1), and a median overall survival (mOS) of 10.2 months (95% CI 7.0–14.6). Among patients without liver involvement, patients receiving wPac (n=35) had significantly prolonged mPFS (5.8 vs. 3.2 months, respectively, p=0.014) with a tendency for prolonged mOS (13.8 vs. 11.6 months, respectively, p=0.13) than those receiving other regimens (n=12). A total of 24 patients received second- or later-line pazopanib monotherapy and showed an ORR of 16.7% (n=4), a mPFS of 2.4 months (95% CI 1.8–4.3) and a mOS of 5.4 months (95% CI 3.5–NA).
Conclusion
Treatment with first-line wPac and later-line pazopanib seems to provide survival benefit, especially for patients with advanced angiosarcoma without liver involvement.

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Fernanda Picozzi, Alessandro Ottaiano, Antonella Lucia Marretta, Mariachiara Santorsola, Lucia Cannella, Antonio Pizzolorusso, Francesco Caraglia, Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati, Alessandra Bracigliano, Ottavia Clemente, Ines Simeone, Michele Caraglia
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Aonghus Joyce, Gráinne Murphy, Cynthia C Heffron, David Aherne, Richard M Bambury
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Clinicopathological features, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors of angiosarcoma: a 21-year experience at one center
Chenyan Fang, Xiaoting Zeng, Qing Ji, Tao Zhu, Meiyu Fang, Jun Cao
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Yasuhiro Fujisawa, Yasuo Yoshioka, Koji Yoshino, Taku Fujimura, Yoichi Naito, Mamiko Masuzawa, Kohei Oashi, Eiji Nakano, Hiroshi Kato, Yusuke Muto, Hiroshi Koga, Tomomitsu Miyagaki, Hiroshi Uchi, Yasuhiro Nakamura, Kenji Asagoe
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Michelle Mai, Sapana Gupta, Kanhai Farrakhan, Shaolei Lu, Paul Akerman, May Min
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Skin Cancer.2025; 40(2): 80. CrossRef
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Hitoshi Suzuki, Mari Shinoda, Daisuke Ito, Shin Shomura, Kentaro Inoue, Kazuo Fukutome, Akira Shimamoto, Hisamichi Yuda
Haigan.2024; 64(7): 917. CrossRef
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Kensuke Kitsugi, Kazuhito Kawata, Moe Matsumoto, Masahiro Umemura, Tomohiko Hanaoka, Maho Yamashita, Shingo Takatori, Jun Ito, Kazuyoshi Ohta, Takeshi Chida, Hidenao Noritake, Takafumi Suda
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Yuta Ushida, Takafumi Sato, Tomotaka Kato, Yasuyuki Shigematsu, Hiromichi Ito, Takeshi Suzuki, Yosuke Inoue, Yoshihiro Ono, Atsushi Oba, Yu Takahashi
Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 15(2): 427. CrossRef
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Siwei Bi, Ai Zhong, Xiya Yin, Jingyi Li, Ying Cen, Junjie Chen
Current Treatment Options in Oncology.2022; 23(2): 137. CrossRef
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The Oncologist.2022; 27(10): 809. CrossRef

11,033 View
187 Download
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11 Crossref

Head and Neck Cancer

Outcomes and Biomarkers of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Refractory Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: KCSG HN18-12: Yun-Gyoo Lee, Hyun Chang, Bhumsuk Keam, Sang Hoon Chun, Jihyun Park, Keon Uk Park, Seong Hoon Shin, Ho Jung An, Kyoung Eun Lee, Keun-Wook Lee, Hye Ryun Kim, Sung-Bae Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, In Gyu Hwang; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):671-677. Published online December 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.824

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) after platinum-containing chemotherapy. We also identified clinical biomarkers which may be predictive of patient prognosis.
Materials and Methods
We analyzed 125 patients with R/M HNSCC who received ICIs, retrospectively. Overall response rate (ORR) was the primary study outcome. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the secondary study outcomes.
Results
The patients received anti–programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) (n=73, 58%), anti–programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (n=24, 19%), or a combination of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 and anti–cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (n=28, 22%). The median age was 57 years (range, 37 to 87). The location of the primary tumor was in the oral cavity in 28% of the cases, followed by oropharynx (27%), hypopharynx (20%), and larynx (12%). The ORR was 15% (19/125). With 12.3 months of median follow-up, median PFS was 2.7 months. Median OS was 10.8 months. A neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 4 was significantly associated with poor response to ICIs (odds ratio, 0.30; p=0.022). A sum of the target lesions > 40 mm (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; p=0.046] and a NLR > 4 (HR, 1.75; p=0.009) were considered to be predictive markers of short PFS. A poor performance status (HR, 4.79; p < 0.001), a sum of target lesions > 40 mm (HR, 1.93; p=0.025), and an NLR > 4 (HR, 3.36; p < 0.001) were the significant predictors for poor survival.
Conclusion
ICIs exhibited favorable antitumor activity in R/M HNSCC. Clinically, our findings can be used to recognize patients benefit from receiving ICI.

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Angeline A. Truong, Rex H. Lee, Xin Wu, Alain P. Algazi, Hyunseok Kang, Ivan H. El‐Sayed, Jonathan R. George, Chase M. Heaton, William R. Ryan, Yena Jeon, Mi‐Ok Kim, Patrick K. Ha, Katherine C. Wai
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.2025; 172(2): 548. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Progressive Disease After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Seo Yoon Jang, Yun‐Gyoo Lee, Sang Hoon Chun, Ji Hyun Park, Keon Uk Park, Hyun Chang, Keun‐Wook Lee, Hye Ryun Kim, Seong Hoon Shin, Ho Jung An, Kyoung Eun Lee, In Gyu Hwang, Myung‐Ju Ahn, Sung‐Bae Kim, Bhumsuk Keam
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Palliative medicine

Difficulties Doctors Experience during Life-Sustaining Treatment Discussion after Enactment of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Act: A Cross-Sectional Study: Shin Hye Yoo, Wonho Choi, Yejin Kim, Min Sun Kim, Hye Yoon Park, Bhumsuk Keam, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):584-592. Published online November 19, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.735

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate difficulties doctors experience during life-sustaining treatment (LST) discussion with seriously ill patients and their families after enactment of the LST Decisions Act in February 2018.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a tertiary hospital in the Republic of Korea in August 2019. Six hundred eighty-six doctors who care for seriously ill patients were given a structured questionnaire, and difficulties during the discussion were examined.
Results
One hundred thirty-two doctors completed the questionnaire. Eighty-five percent answered they treat cancer patients. Most (86.4%) experienced considerable difficulties during LST discussions (mean score, 7.4±1.6/10). The two most common difficulties were communication with patients and family and determining when to discuss LST. Two-thirds of doctors found direct discussions with the patient difficult and said they would initiate LST discussions only with family. LST discussions were actually initiated later than considered appropriate. When medically assessing whether the patient is imminently dying, 56% of doctors experienced disagreements with other doctors, which could affect their decisions.
Conclusion
This study found that most doctors experienced serious difficulties regarding communication with patients and family and medical assessment of dying process during LST discussions. To alleviate these difficulties, further institutional support is needed to improve the LST discussion between doctors, patients, and family.

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Awareness, attitudes, and educational needs regarding the life-sustaining treatment decision-making act in Korea among healthcare providers and medical students: a comparative analysis
Jooseon Lee, So-yun Kim, Duk-ki Kim, Green Hong, Song I Lee
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Navigating shared decision-making after the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act: a qualitative study of in-depth interviews with terminal cancer patients, families, and healthcare professionals
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Jung Sun Kim, Jeongmi Shin, Nam Hee Kim, Sun Young Lee, Shin Hye Yoo, Bhumsuk Keam, Dae Seog Heo
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Ethical Issues Referred to Clinical Ethics Support at a University Hospital in Korea: Three-Year Experience After Enforcement of Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Act
Shin Hye Yoo, Yejin Kim, Wonho Choi, Jeongmi Shin, Min Sun Kim, Hye Yoon Park, Bhumsuk Keam, Jae-Joon Yim
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Boram Kim, Junyong Lee, Youn Seon Choi
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Cancer Research and Treatment.2022; 54(1): 20. CrossRef
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Yajing Zhong, Alice Cavolo, Veerle Labarque, Chris Gastmans
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Dalyong Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Soo-Young Yu, Jung Hye Kwon, Hee Kyung Ahn, Jee Hyun Kim, Seyoung Seo, Chi Hoon Maeng, Seungtaek Lim, Do Yeun Kim, Sung Joon Shin
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2021; 24(4): 204. CrossRef

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Implication of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Act on End-of-Life Care for Korean Terminal Patients: Jung Sun Kim, Shin Hye Yoo, Wonho Choi, Yejin Kim, Jinui Hong, Min Sun Kim, Hye Yoon Park, Bhumsuk Keam, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(3):917-924. Published online March 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.740

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Life-sustaining treatment (LST) decisions for patients and caregivers at the end-of-life (EOL) process are supported by the “Act on Hospice and Palliative Care and Decisions on LST for Patients at the EOL,” enforced in February 2018. Itremains unclear whether the act changes EOL decisions and LST implementation in clinical practice. For this study, we investigated patients’ decision-making regarding LSTs during the EOL process since the act’s enforcement.
Materials and Methods
Retrospective reviews were conducted on adult patients who were able to decide to terminate LST and died at Seoul National University Hospital between February 5, 2018, and February 5, 2019. We examined demographics, who made the decisions, the type and date of documentation confirming patient's LST, and whether the LST was withheld or withdrawn.
Results
Of 809 patients who were enrolled, 29% (n=231) completed forms regarding LST themselves, and 71% (n=578) needed family members to decide. The median time from confirmation of the EOL process to death and from the Advance Statement to death were 2 and 5 days, respectively (both ranges, 0 to 244). In total, 90% (n=727) of patients withheld treatment, and 10% (n=82)withdrew it. We found a higher withdrawal rate when family members made the decisions (13.3% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
After the act’s enforcement, withdrawing LSTs became lawful and self-determination rates increased. Family members still make 71% of decisions regarding LSTs, but these are often inconsistent with the patients’ wishes; thus, further efforts are needed to integrate the new act into clinical practice.

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Bevacizumab Plus Erlotinib Combination Therapy for Advanced Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis in Korean Patients: Yeonjoo Choi, Bhumsuk Keam, Miso Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Dalyong Kim, Jong Gwon Choi, Ja Young Seo, Inkeun Park, Jae Lyun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1549-1556. Published online March 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.086

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is a rare genetic syndrome resulting from germline mutations in fumarate hydratase. The combination of bevacizumab plus erlotinib showed promising interim results for HLRCC-associated RCC. Based on these results, we analyzed the outcome of bevacizumab plus erlotinib in Korean patients with HLRCC-associated RCC.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus erlotinib in patients with HLRCC-associated RCC who were confirmed to have germline mutations in fumarate hydratase. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR), while the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Result
We identified 10 patients with advanced HLRCC-associated RCC who received bevacizumab plus erlotinib. Median age at diagnosis was 41 years, and five of the patients had received the combination as first- or second-line treatments. The ORR was 50% and the median PFS and OS were 13.3 and 14.1 months, respectively. Most adverse events were predictable and manageable by conventional measures, except for one instance where a patient died of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Conclusion
This is the first real-world outcome of the treatment of advanced HLRCC-associated RCC. Bevacizumab plus erlotinib therapy showed promising activity with moderate toxicity. We should be increasingly aware of HLRCC-associated RCC and bevacizumab plus erlotinib should be a first-line treatment for this condition, unless other promising data are published.

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The Prognostic Value of Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio before Radical Radiotherapy in Patients with Non-metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis: Jae Sik Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Dae Seog Heo, Doo Hee Han, Chae-Seo Rhee, Ji-hoon Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Hong-Gyun Wu; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1313-1323. Published online January 29, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.503

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
We first analyzed the prognostic power of albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) before radical radiotherapy (RT) in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.
Materials and Methods
The records of 170 patients with biopsy-proven, non-metastatic NPC treated by radical RT between 1998 and 2016 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Median follow-up duration was 50.6 months. All patients received intensity-modulated RT and cisplatin based chemotherapy before, during, or after RT. The major treatment of patients was based on concurrent chemoradiotherapy (92.4%). The AAPR was calculated by the last value of both albumin and alkaline phosphatase within 1 month immediately preceding RT. The optimal cut-off level of AAPR was determined by using Cutoff Finder, a web-based system. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed.
Results
The optimal cut-off level of AAPR was 0.4876. After PSM analysis of whole cohort, an AAPR was not related to survival outcomes. In PSM analysis for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC), an AAPR ≥ 0.4876 was related to better overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and locoregional relapse–free survival (LRRFS) (OS: hazard ratio [HR], 0.341; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.144 to 0.805; p=0.014; PFS: HR, 0.416; 95% CI, 0.189 to 0.914; p=0.029; and LRRFS: HR, 0.243; 95% CI, 0.077 to 0.769; p=0.016, respectively).
Conclusion
The AAPR, inexpensive and readily derived from a routine blood test, could be an independent prognostic factor for patients with LA-NPC. And it might help physicians determine treatment plans by identifying the patient's current status. Future prospective clinical trials to validate its prognostic value are needed.

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235 Download
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Alterations in PD-L1 Expression Associated with Acquisition of Resistance to ALK Inhibitors in ALK-Rearranged Lung Cancer: Su-Jung Kim, Soyeon Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Miso Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Yusoo Lee, Jaemoon Koh, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1231-1240. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.486

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the resistance of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‒positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to ALK inhibitors and the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death–ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway, we evaluated alterations in PD-L1 following acquisition of resistance to ALK inhibitors in ALK-positive lung cancer.
Materials and Methods
We established ALK inhibitor-resistant cell lines (H3122CR1, LR1, and CH1) by exposing the parental H3122 ALK-translocated NSCLC cell line to ALK inhibitors. Then, the double-resistant cell lines H3122CR1LR1 and CR1CH1 were developed by exposing the H3122CR1 to other ALK inhibitors. We compared the alterations in PD-L1 expression levels using western blotting, flow cytometry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated gene expression using RNA sequencing. The expression of PD-L1 in the tumors from 26 ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC patients (11 ALK inhibitor-naïve and 15 ALK inhibitor-resistant patients) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and analyzed.
Results
PD-L1 was expressed at higher levels in ALK inhibitor-resistant cell lines than in the ALK inhibitor-naïve parental cell line at the total protein, surface protein, and mRNA levels. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression in the double-resistant cell lines was much higher than that in the single resistant cell lines. RNA sequencing demonstrated that expression of immune-related genes were largely involved in ALK inhibitor resistance. The mean value of the PD-L1 H-score was 6.5 pre-treatment and 35.0 post-treatment, and the fold difference was 5.42 (p=0.163).
Conclusion
PD-L1 expression increased following acquisition of ALK inhibitor resistance in ALK-positive NSCLC cell lines and tumors.

Citations

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Immunomodulatory role of oncogenic alterations in non-small cell lung cancer: a review of implications for immunotherapy
Maritza Ramos-Ramírez, Enrique Caballe-Pérez, José Lucio-Lozada, Eunice Romero-Nuñez, Cesar Castillo-Ruiz, Lorena Dorantes-Sánchez, Diana Flores-Estrada, Gonzalo Recondo, Pedro Barrios-Bernal, Luis Cabrera-Miranda, Heyman Bravo-Dominguez, Norma Hernández-
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of PD-L1 expression and clinical outcomes in ROS1 - rearranged advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with crizotinib
Huixian Zhang, Ziheng Zhang, Ningning Yan, Xingya Li
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Co-Occurrence of ALK rearrangement and KRAS G12C mutation in NSCLC: Report of two cases
M Siringo, F Larocca, A Spagnuolo, G Gentile, M Anile, D Diso, D Santini, A Gelibter
Current Problems in Cancer: Case Reports.2024; 14: 100291. CrossRef
Characterizing the immune tumor microenvironment in ALK fusion-positive lung cancer: state-of-the-art and therapeutical implications
Marco Sposito, Serena Eccher, Luca Pasqualin, Ilaria Mariangela Scaglione, Alice Avancini, Daniela Tregnago, Ilaria Trestini, Jessica Insolda, Adele Bonato, Stefano Ugel, Lisa Derosa, Michele Milella, Sara Pilotto, Lorenzo Belluomini
Expert Review of Clinical Immunology.2024; 20(8): 959. CrossRef
Comparing Genomic Profiles of ALK Fusion-Positive and ALK Fusion-Negative Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Wenchao Xia, Jing Yang, Hongbin Li, Ling Li, Jinfeng Liu
Global Medical Genetics.2024; 11(2): 175. CrossRef
Changes of tumor microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer after TKI treatments
Shanshan Chen, Jingyi Tang, Fen Liu, Wei Li, Ting Yan, Dangang Shangguan, Nong Yang, Dehua Liao
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
High PD-L1 Expression Correlates with an Immunosuppressive Tumour Immune Microenvironment and Worse Prognosis in ALK-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Xia Tian, Yalun Li, Qin Huang, Hao Zeng, Qi Wei, Panwen Tian
Biomolecules.2023; 13(6): 991. CrossRef
Spoilt for choice: different immunosuppressive potential of anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors for non small cell lung cancer
Annkristin Heine, Stefanie Andrea Erika Held, Solveig Nora Daecke, Chrystel Flores, Peter Brossart
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-special immunity and immunotherapy
Ye Guo, Hanfei Guo, Yongfei Zhang, Jiuwei Cui
Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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ARIH1 signaling promotes anti-tumor immunity by targeting PD-L1 for proteasomal degradation
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Nature Communications.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Pan-cancer Analysis of Tumor Mutational Burden and Homologous Recombination DNA Damage Repair Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing
Hai-Yun Wang, Ling Deng, Ying-Qing Li, Xiao Zhang, Ya-Kang Long, Xu Zhang, Yan-Fen Feng, Yuan He, Tao Tang, Xin-Hua Yang, Fang Wang
Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(4): 973. CrossRef
Multiplexed electrokinetic sensor for detection and therapy monitoring of extracellular vesicles from liquid biopsies of non-small-cell lung cancer patients
Sara Cavallaro, Petra Hååg, Siddharth S. Sahu, Lorenca Berisha, Vitaliy O. Kaminskyy, Simon Ekman, Rolf Lewensohn, Jan Linnros, Kristina Viktorsson, Apurba Dev
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Enhanced histone H3 acetylation of the PD-L1 promoter via the COP1/c-Jun/HDAC3 axis is required for PD-L1 expression in drug-resistant cancer cells
Haifang Wang, Chen Fu, Jun Du, Hongsheng Wang, Rui He, Xiaofeng Yin, Haixia Li, Xin Li, Hongxia Wang, Kui Li, Lei Zheng, Zongcai Liu, Yurong Qiu
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging Roles of ALK in Immunity and Insights for Immunotherapy
Lan Wang, Vivian Wai Yan Lui
Cancers.2020; 12(2): 426. CrossRef
Utility of PD‐L1 immunocytochemistry using body‐fluid cell blocks in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Seung Geun Song, Jonghoon Lee, Jaemoon Koh, Sehui Kim, Doo Hyun Chung, Yoon Kyung Jeon
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PLAC8 overexpression correlates with PD-L1 upregulation and acquired resistance to chemotherapies in gallbladder carcinoma
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The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer
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Thoracic Cancer.2019; 10(11): 2117. CrossRef

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Acquired Resistance of MET-Amplified Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to the MET Inhibitor Capmatinib: Seulki Kim, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Soyeon Kim, Miso Kim, Yong-Oon Ahn, Bhumsuk Keam, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):951-962. Published online October 10, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.052

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Amplified mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor, MET, is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that has been considered a druggable target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although multiple MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being actively developed for MET-driven NSCLC, the mechanisms of acquired resistance to MET-TKIs have not been well elucidated. To understand the mechanisms of resistance and establish therapeutic strategies, we developed an in vitro model using the MET-amplified NSCLC cell line EBC-1.
Materials and Methods
We established capmatinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines and identified alternative signaling pathways using 3′ mRNA sequencing and human phospho-RTK arrays. Copy number alterations were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and cell proliferation assay; activation of RTKs and downstream effectors were compared between the parental cell line EBC-1 and the resistant cell lines.
Results
We found that EBC-CR1 showed an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‒dependent growth and sensitivity to afatinib, an irreversible EGFR TKI. EBC-CR2 cells that had overexpression of EGFR-MET heterodimer dramatically responded to combined capmatinib with afatinib. In addition, EBC-CR3 cells derived from EBC-CR1 cells that activated EGFR with amplified phosphoinositide-3 kinase catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA) were sensitive to combined afatinib with BYL719, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) inhibitor.
Conclusion
Our in vitro studies suggested that activation of EGFR signaling and/or genetic alteration of downstream effectors like PIK3CA were alternative resistance mechanisms used by capmatinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines. In addition, combined treatments with MET, EGFR, and PI3Kα inhibitors may be effective therapeutic strategies in capmatinib-resistant NSCLC patients.

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Correspondence

TRIUMPH Trial: One Small Step Could Become One Giant Leap for Precision Oncology in Head and Neck Cancer: Bhumsuk Keam, Hye Ryun Kim, Hwan Jung Yun; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):413-414. Published online July 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.335

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Laura M. Yee, Lisa M. McShane, Boris Freidlin, Margaret M. Mooney, Edward L. Korn
The Cancer Journal.2019; 25(4): 254. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Investigating the Feasibility of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing to Guide the Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Sun Min Lim, Sang Hee Cho, In Gyu Hwang, Jae Woo Choi, Hyun Chang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Keon Uk Park, Ji-Won Kim, Yoon Ho Ko, Hee Kyung Ahn, Byoung Chul Cho, Byung-Ho Nam, Sang Hoon Chun, Ji Hyung Hong, Jung Hye Kwon, Jong Gwon Choi, Eun Joo Kang, Tak Yun, Keun-Wook Lee, Joo-Hang Kim, Jin Soo Kim, Hyun Woo Lee, Min Kyoung Kim, Dongmin Jung, Ji Eun Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Hwan Jung Yun, Sangwoo Kim, Hye Ryun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):300-312. Published online May 9, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.012

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a deadly disease in which precision medicine needs to be incorporated. We aimed to implement next-generation sequencing (NGS) in determining actionable targets to guide appropriate molecular targeted therapy in HNSCC patients.
Materials and Methods
Ninety-three tumors and matched blood samples underwent targeted sequencing of 244 genes using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform with an average depth of coverage of greater than 1,000×. Clinicopathological data from patients were obtained from 17 centers in Korea, and were analyzed in correlation with NGS data.
Results
Ninety-two of the 93 tumors were amenable to data analysis. TP53 was the most common mutation, occurring in 47 (51%) patients, followed by CDKN2A (n=23, 25%), CCND1 (n=22, 24%), and PIK3CA (n=19, 21%). The total mutational burden was similar between human papillomavirus (HPV)–negative vs. positive tumors, although TP53, CDKN2A and CCND1 gene alterations occurred more frequently in HPV-negative tumors. HPV-positive tumors were significantly associated with immune signature-related genes compared to HPV-negative tumors. Mutations of NOTCH1 (p=0.027), CDKN2A (p < 0.001), and TP53 (p=0.038) were significantly associated with poorer overall survival. FAT1 mutations were highly enriched in cisplatin responders, and potentially targetable alterations such as PIK3CA E545K and CDKN2A R58X were noted in 14 patients (15%).
Conclusion
We found several targetable genetic alterations, and our findings suggest that implementation of precision medicine in HNSCC is feasible. The predictive value of each targetable alteration should be assessed in a future umbrella trial using matched molecular targeted agents.

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The Risk of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer according to Chemotherapy Regimens: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors versus Cytotoxic Chemotherapy: Ji Young Choi, Miso Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Seong Jin Jo; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):169-177. Published online April 5, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.491

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Despite the successful use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in cancer patients, their effect on herpes zoster development has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TKI and cytotoxic chemotherapy on the risk of herpes zoster development in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a medical review of all eligible NSCLC patients in Seoul National University hospital between 2002 and 2015. We classified patients based on whether they previously underwent EGFR TKI therapy into either the TKI group or the cytotoxic group. We compared the incidence rates of herpes zoster during TKI therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Additionally, the longitudinal risk of herpes zoster from TKIs was analyzed using the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of the TKI group to the cytotoxic group and the log-rank test of the Kaplan-Meier method.
Results
Of the 2,981 NSCLC patients, 54 patients (1.54%) developed herpes zoster. In the TKI group (2,002 patients), the IRR of herpes zoster during TKI therapy compared to that during cytotoxic chemotherapy was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53 to 2.09). The IRR of the TKI group compared to the cytotoxic group was 1.33 (95% CI, 0.64 to 2.76). The Kaplan-Meier cumulative risk of both groups was not significantly different.
Conclusion
Our results show that the incidence rate of herpes zoster in the TKI group was not statistically different from the incidence in the cytotoxic group during and after chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.

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Jiyun Jung, Seong-Yeon Park, Jae-Yoon Park, Dalyong Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Sungim Choi
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The Impact of Skin Problems on the Quality of Life in Patients Treated with Anticancer Agents: A Cross-Sectional Study: Jaewon Lee, Jin Lim, Jong Seo Park, Miso Kim, Tae-Yong Kim, Tae Min Kim, Kyung-Hun Lee, Bhumsuk Keam, Sae-Won Han, Je-Ho Mun, Kwang Hyun Cho, Seong Jin Jo; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(4):1186-1193. Published online December 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.435

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Patients treated with anticancer agents often experience a variety of treatment-related skin problems, which can impair their quality of life.
Materials and Methods
In this cross-sectional study, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and clinical information were evaluated in patients under active anticancer treatment using a questionnaire survey and their medical records review.
Results
Of 375 evaluated subjects with anticancer therapy, 136 (36.27%) and 114 (30.40%) were treated for breast cancer and colorectal cancer, respectively. We found that women, breast cancer, targeted agent use, and longer duration of anticancer therapy were associated with higher dermatology-specific quality of life distraction. In addition, itching, dry skin, easy bruising, pigmentation, papulopustules on face, periungual inflammation, nail changes, and palmoplantar lesions were associated with significantly higher DLQI scores. Periungual inflammation and palmoplantar lesions scored the highest DLQI.
Conclusion
We believe our findings can be helpful to clinicians in counseling and managing the patients undergoing anticancer therapy.

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Brigitte Dreno, Jean Michel Amici, Ann Laure Demessant-Flavigny, Charlotte Wright, Charles Taieb, Seemal R Desai, Andrew Alexis
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Hae-Jin Suh Oh, Ángeles Flórez Menéndez, Víctor Sacristán Santos, Ángeles Rodríguez Martínez, Francisca Fernández Ribeiro, Lucía Vilanova-Trillo, Manuel Constenla Figueiras, Manuel Pereiro Ferreiros
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Dermatologic conditions in women receiving systemic cancer therapy
Michelle N. Ferreira, Julie Y. Ramseier, Jonathan S. Leventhal
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The Effect of Hospice Consultation on Aggressive Treatment of Lung Cancer: Shin Hye Yoo, Bhumsuk Keam, Miso Kim, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(3):720-728. Published online July 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.169

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The aims of this study were to investigate trends of aggressive treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients at the end-of-life (EOL) during the recent 5 years and examine the relationship between hospice consultation (HC) and aggressive care.
Materials and Methods
The medical records of 789 patients with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC at Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) who received palliative chemotherapy and died from 2010 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Indicators of aggressive treatment were evaluated, and the association of HC with these indicators was analyzed.
Results
During the last 5 years, the frequency of HC increased from 26.7% to 43.6%. The time interval from last chemotherapy to death increased, and the proportion of patients who received palliative chemotherapy, visited an emergency room, were admitted to intensive care unit, during the last month of life, and died in SNUH significantly decreased over time. Referral to HC was significantly associated with lower intensive care unit admission rates, lower out-of-hospital death rates, and less use of the chemotherapy within 1 month prior to death. Overall survival did not differ by HC.
Conclusion
The pattern of cancer care nearthe EOL has become less aggressivewhen HCwas provided. The positive association of HCwith better EOL care suggests that providing HC at the optimal time might help to avoid futile aggressive treatment.

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Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Use at the End of Life in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Jeong-Han Kim, Jiwon Yu, Shin Hye Yoo, Jin-Ah Sim, Bhumsuk Keam, Dae Seog Heo
JAMA Network Open.2025; 8(9): e2530980. CrossRef
Hospice delivery models and survival differences in the terminally ill: a large cohort study
Wei-Shu Lai, I-Ting Liu, Jui-Hung Tsai, Pei-Fang Su, Pin-Hsuan Chiu, Ying-Tzu Huang, Ge-Lin Chiu, Yu-Yeh Chen, Peng-Chan Lin
BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care.2024; 14(e1): e1134. CrossRef
Use of high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for patients with terminal cancer at the end of life
Jung Sun Kim, Jeongmi Shin, Nam Hee Kim, Sun Young Lee, Shin Hye Yoo, Bhumsuk Keam, Dae Seog Heo
Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(13): 14612. CrossRef
Antibiotic prescription patterns during last days of hospitalized patients with advanced cancer: the role of palliative care consultation
Jeong-Han Kim, Shin Hye Yoo, Bhumsuk Keam, Dae Seog Heo
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.2023; 78(7): 1694. CrossRef
Discussing POLST-facilitated hospice care enrollment in patients with terminal cancer
Ho Jung An, Hyun Jeong Jeon, Sang Hoon Chun, Hyun Ae Jung, Hee Kyung Ahn, Kyung Hee Lee, Min-ho Kim, Ju Hee Kim, Jaekyung Cheon, Su-Jin Koh
Supportive Care in Cancer.2022; 30(9): 7431. CrossRef
Perceptions on the current content and pedagogical approaches used in end-of-life care education among undergraduate nursing students: a qualitative, descriptive study
Wenjing Cao, Chunyan Li, Qianqian Zhang, Huiru Tong
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Increased in-hospital mortality and emergent cases in patients with stage IV cancer
Elleana J. Majdinasab, Yana Puckett, Kevin Y. Pei
Supportive Care in Cancer.2021; 29(6): 3201. CrossRef
Changes of End of Life Practices for Cancer Patients and Their Association with Hospice Palliative Care Referral over 2009-2014: A Single Institution Study
Hyun Jung Jho, Eun Jung Nam, Il Won Shin, Sun Young Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2020; 52(2): 419. CrossRef
Implication of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Act on End-of-Life Care for Korean Terminal Patients
Jung Sun Kim, Shin Hye Yoo, Wonho Choi, Yejin Kim, Jinui Hong, Min Sun Kim, Hye Yoon Park, Bhumsuk Keam, Dae Seog Heo
Cancer Research and Treatment.2020; 52(3): 917. CrossRef
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JinShil Kim, Jiin Choi, Mi-Seung Shin, Miyeong Kim, EunJu Seo, Minjeong An, Jae Lan Shim, Seongkum Heo, Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(9): e0238567. CrossRef
Duration of palliative care before death in international routine practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Roberta I. Jordan, Matthew J. Allsop, Yousuf ElMokhallalati, Catriona E. Jackson, Helen L. Edwards, Emma J. Chapman, Luc Deliens, Michael I. Bennett
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Relationship Between Preferences for Advance Directive Treatments and Decisional Conflicts Among Low-Income, Home-Based Cancer Management Recipients in Korea
Miyeong Kim, Seongkum Heo, Jung-Yi Hur, JaeLan Shim, JinShil Kim
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Amanda J.W. Gibson, Haocheng Li, Adrijana D’Silva, Anifat A. Elegbede, Roxana A. Tudor, Shannon Otsuka, D. Gwyn Bebb, Winson Y. Cheung
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Nauzley C Abedini, Rachel K Hechtman, Achintya D Singh, Rafina Khateeb, Jason Mann, Whitney Townsend, Vineet Chopra
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Comparison of Native Escherichia coli L-Asparaginase versus Pegylated Asparaginase, in Combination with Ifosfamide, Methotrexate, Etoposide, and Prednisolone, in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: Hyun Jee Kim, Chan-Young Ock, Tae Min Kim, Sung Hee Lee, Ju-Yeun Lee, Sun hoi Jung, Yoon Sook Cho, Miso Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Dong-Wan Kim, Il Han Kim, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(3):670-680. Published online July 3, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.051

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare asparaginase-related toxicities in two asparaginase preparations, namely native Escherichia coli L-asparaginase (L-ASP) and pegylated asparaginase (PEG-ASP) in combination with ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and prednisolone (IMEP) in natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NTCL).
Materials and Methods
A total of 41 NTCL patients who received IMEP plus native E. coli L-ASP or PEG-ASP at Seoul National University Hospital were included in this study between January 2013 and March 2016. IMEP/ASP treatment consisted of ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide, plus native E. coli L-ASP (6,000 IU/m² on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11) or PEG-ASP (2,500 IU/m² on day 1) every 3 weeks. ASP-related toxicities, toxicity patterns, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were compared between the different treatment groups.
Results
The frequency of ASP-related toxicities was similar between the IMEP plus native E. coli L-ASP group and the PEG-ASP group apart from hypofibrinogenemia (native E. coli L-ASP vs. PEG-ASP group, 86.4% vs. 36.8%; p=0.001). Although post-treatment transaminase and albumin levels were significantly high and low, respectively, hepatotoxicity gradients before and after treatment did not differ significantly between the groups. Since PEG-ASP was given at an outpatient clinic in some patients, length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the IMEP plus PEG-ASP group (median, 4.0 vs. 6.0 days; p=0.002). A favorable tendency of clinical outcomes was observed in NTCL patients treated with IMEP plus PEG-ASP (complete remission rate, 73.7% vs. 45.5%; p=0.067).
Conclusion
IMEP plus PEG-ASP showed similar ASP-related toxicities, shorter length of hospital stay, and a trend towards improved clinical outcomes compared with IMEP plus native E. coli L-ASP in NTCL.

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