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Volume 56(2); April 2024
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Review Article
Applicability of Spatial Technology in Cancer Research
Sangjeong Ahn, Hye Seung Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):343-356.   Published online January 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1302
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
This review explores spatial mapping technologies in cancer research, highlighting their crucial role in understanding the complexities of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME, which is an intricate ecosystem of diverse cell types, has a significant impact on tumor dynamics and treatment outcomes. This review closely examines cutting-edge spatial mapping technologies, categorizing them into capture-, imaging-, and antibody-based approaches. Each technology was scrutinized for its advantages and disadvantages, factoring in aspects such as spatial profiling area, multiplexing capabilities, and resolution. Additionally, we draw attention to the nuanced choices researchers face, with capture-based methods lending themselves to hypothesis generation, and imaging/antibody-based methods that fit neatly into hypothesis testing. Looking ahead, we anticipate a scenario in which multi-omics data are seamlessly integrated, artificial intelligence enhances data analysis, and spatiotemporal profiling opens up new dimensions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Navigating the landscape of plant proteomics
    Tian Sang, Zhen Zhang, Guting Liu, Pengcheng Wang
    Journal of Integrative Plant Biology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Distinctive Phenotypic and Microenvironmental Characteristics of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma Components in Gastric Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma
    Yoonjin Kwak, Soo Kyung Nam, Yujun Park, Yun-Suhk Suh, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Seong-Ho Kong, Do Joong Park, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Hyung-Ho Kim, Han-Kwang Yang, Hye Seung Lee
    Modern Pathology.2024; 37(10): 100568.     CrossRef
  • Effector Function Characteristics of Exhausted CD8+ T-Cell in Microsatellite Stable and Unstable Gastric Cancer
    Dong-Seok Han, Yoonjin Kwak, Seungho Lee, Soo Kyung Nam, Seong-Ho Kong, Do Joong Park, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Nak-Jung Kwon, Hye Seung Lee, Han-Kwang Yang
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(4): 1146.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic significance of CD8 and TCF1 double positive T cell subset in microsatellite unstable gastric cancer
    Juhyeong Park, Soo Kyung Nam, Yoonjin Kwak, Hyeon Jeong Oh, Seong-Ho Kong, Do Joong Park, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Han-Kwang Yang, Hye Seung Lee
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,585 View
  • 248 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
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Special Articles
Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2021
Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):357-371.   Published online March 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.253
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2021.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2021, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2022. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
The number of new cancer diagnoses in 2021 increased by 27,002 cases (10.8%) compared to 2020. In 2021, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 277,523 (age-standardized rate [ASR], 289.3 per 100,000) and 82,688 (ASR, 67.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.3% from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by non-significant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.8% from 2002 to 2013; 3.2% from 2013 to 2021). The 5-year relative survival between 2017 and 2021 was 72.1%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2.4 million in 2021.
Conclusion
In 2021, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients increased as healthcare utilization recovered from the coronavirus disease 2019–related declines of 2020. Revised cancer registration guidelines expanded the registration scope, particularly for stomach and colorectal cancer. Survival rates have improved over the years, leading to a growing population of cancer survivors, necessitating a comprehensive cancer control strategy. The long-term impact of the pandemic on cancer statistics requires future investigation.

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    Journal of Neuroscience Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sung-Hoon Jung, Youngil Koh, Min Kyoung Kim, Jin Seok Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Chang-Ki Min, Dok Hyun Yoon, Sung-Soo Yoon, Je-Jung Lee, Chae Moon Hong, Ka-Won Kang, Jihyun Kwon, Kyoung Ha Kim, Dae Sik Kim, Sung Yong Kim, Sung-Hyun Kim, Yu Ri Kim, Young Rok Do,
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  • Dietary isoflavone intake among breast cancer survivors and cancer-free women
    Sihan Song, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Dong-Young Noh, So-Youn Jung, Eun Sook Lee, Zisun Kim, Hyun Jo Youn, Jihyoung Cho, Young Bum Yoo, Se Kyung Lee, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Jin Nam, Yoo Seok Kim, Jun Won Min, Shinyoung Jun, Hyojee Joung, Jung Eun Lee
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    Hannah Yu, Eunjung Ryu
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(2): 171.     CrossRef
  • Chuna Manual Therapy or Electroacupuncture with Pregabalin for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
    Yeon-Woo Lee, Ilkyun Lee, Jin-Hyun Lee, Min-Geun Park, Ji-Hoon Kim, Yoon-Young Sunwoo, Man-Suk Hwang, Tae-Yong Park
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(13): 3916.     CrossRef
  • SMARCD3 Overexpression Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer
    Sun Yi Park, Ji-Ho Park, Jung Wook Yang, Eun-Jung Jung, Young-Tae Ju, Chi-Young Jeong, Ju-Yeon Kim, Taejin Park, Tae-Han Kim, Miyeong Park, Young-Joon Lee, Sang-Ho Jeong
    Cancers.2024; 16(12): 2282.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing psychological distress among breast cancer survivors using machine learning techniques
    Jin-Hee Park, Misun Chun, Sun Hyoung Bae, Jeonghee Woo, Eunae Chon, Hee Jun Kim
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Professional Self-Concept and Patient Safety Culture on Burnout among Nurses in a Cancer Hospital
    Soyoon Do, Eunjung Ryu
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2024; 24(2): 53.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Impact of Reactive Oxygen Species Modulator 1 in Surgically Resected Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinomas
    Tae-Woo Kim, Kiyong Na, Junyang Jung, Heejin Lim, Hyewon Seo, Seung Hyeun Lee
    Oncology.2024; 102(11): 969.     CrossRef
  • Performance of the National Cancer Screening Program for Gastric Cancer in Korea
    Young-Il Kim
    The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2024; 24(3): 231.     CrossRef
  • Sites of Metastasis and Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From the Korean Renal Cancer Study Group Database
    Chan Ho Lee, Minyong Kang, Cheol Kwak, Young Hwii Ko, Jung Kwon Kim, Jae Young Park, Seokhwan Bang, Seong Il Seo, Jungyo Suh, Wan Song, Cheryn Song, Hyung Ho Lee, Jinsoo Chung, Chang Wook Jeong, Jung Ki Jo, Seock Hwan Choi, Joongwon Choi, Changil Choi, Se
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evolving trends in treatment patterns for hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea from 2008 to 2022: a nationwide population-based study
    Ji Won Han, Won Sohn, Gwang Hyeon Choi, Jeong Won Jang, Gi Hyeon Seo, Bo Hyun Kim, Jong Young Choi
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 274.     CrossRef
  • Redefining the role of radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer management: innovations and future directions: A narrative review
    Jeong Il Yu
    Precision and Future Medicine.2024; 8(3): 74.     CrossRef
  • A 5-Year Mortality Prediction Model for Prostate Cancer Patients Based on the Korean Nationwide Health Insurance Claims Database
    Joungyoun Kim, Yong-Hoon Kim, Yong-June Kim, Hee-Taik Kang
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(10): 1058.     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal trajectories of frailty and cognitive decline among older Korean cancer survivors
    Ran Won, Heesook Son, Jeehee Han, Youn-Jung Son
    Geriatric Nursing.2024; 60: 636.     CrossRef
  • Breast Cancer Statistics in Korea, 2021
    Chihwan David Cha, Chan Sub Park, Hee-Chul Shin, Jaihong Han, Jung Eun Choi, Joo Heung Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Sae Byul Lee, Sang Eun Nam, Tae In Yoon, Young-Joon Kang, Zisun Kim, So-Youn Jung, Hyun-Ah Kim
    Journal of Breast Cancer.2024; 27(6): 351.     CrossRef
  • Tobacco Use in Korea: Current Epidemiology and Public Health Issues
    Jong Eun Park, Woo Min Jeong, Ye Jin Choi, So Young Kim, Kyoung Eun Yeob, Jong Hyock Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Endometrial cancer detected unusually after an ankle fracture secondary to severe anemia in an obese woman with heavy menstrual bleeding: A case report
    Hyung Yoon, Tae Go, Kyung Kim, Yong Song, Dong Suh, Ki Kim
    Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Updates in the 2024 Korean Thyroid Association Clinical Practice Guidelines for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: from Diagnosis to Initial Treatment
    Eun Kyung Lee
    International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(2): 259.     CrossRef
  • Determining risk‐adapted starting age and interval for breast cancer screening based on reproductive and hormonal factors
    Tung Hoang, Jeonghee Lee, So‐Youn Jung, Jeongseon Kim
    International Journal of Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Case Study of Korean Medicine in Treating Worsened Esophagitis Symptoms Following Anticancer Therapy in a Patient with Esophageal Cancer
    Eun-seo Kim, Soo-min Jo, Si-young Song, Geun-jeong Kim, Young-su Lee
    The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2024; 45(5): 895.     CrossRef
  • The Emerging Treatment of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin)-Unresponsive Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
    Jong Ho Park, Jong Jin Oh
    Journal of Urologic Oncology.2024; 22(3): 246.     CrossRef
  • Adherence to the Cancer Prevention Recommendations from World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research After Cancer Diagnosis on Mortality in South Korea
    Donghyun Won, Jeeyoo Lee, Sooyoung Cho, Ji Yoon Baek, Daehee Kang, Aesun Shin
    Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4049.     CrossRef
  • Trends in Thyroid Cancer Mortality Rates in Korea: Insights from National Health Database
    Won Gu Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 853.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Early Oral Feeding on Postoperative Outcomes after Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Soo Young Lee, Eon Chul Han
    Digestive Surgery.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Nationwide Incidence Trends of Pediatric Parotid Malignancy in Korea and a Retrospective Analysis of Single-Institution Surgical Experience of Parotidectomy
    Hyun Seong Kim, Seo Young Kim, Eun-Jae Chung, Seong Keun Kwon, Soon-Hyun Ahn, Yuh-Seog Jung, Jungirl Seok
    Korean Society of Head and Neck Oncology.2024; 40(2): 7.     CrossRef
  • Total gastrectomy patients had a lower diet volume and greater diet frequency than distal gastrectomy patients after 6 months
    Ye-Ji Kim, Sang-Ho Jeong, Eun-Jung Jung, Taejin Park, Jin-Kwon Lee, Tae-Han Kim, Young-Hye Kim, Jae-Seok Min, Miyeong Park, Young-Joon Lee
    Medicine.2024; 103(51): e40878.     CrossRef
  • Quality of life outcomes in terminal cancer patients attending regional cancer centers in South Korea: protocol for a prospective cohort study
    Jung hye Kwon, Jung Hun Kang, Jung-Sik Huh, Su-Jin Koh, Kyu-Hyoung Lim, Byungho Choi, Rock Bum Kim, Young Jin Choi, Eun-Kee Song, Hyun Woo Lee, Ye-Seul Kim, Se-Il Go, Hwan Jung Yun, Sun Jin Sym, Hyewon Ryu, Myung-won Lee
    BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Won Beom Jung
    Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(6): 527.     CrossRef
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  • 24 Web of Science
  • 34 Crossref
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Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2024
Kyu-Won Jung, Mee Joo Kang, Eun Hye Park, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):372-379.   Published online March 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.252
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2024 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2021 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2022 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2024. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend for prediction.
Results
In total, 292,221 new cancer cases and 83,770 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2024. The most common cancer site is expected to be the thyroid, followed by the colon and rectum, lung, breast, and stomach. These five cancers are expected to represent 55.7% of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer leading to death is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers.
Conclusion
The age-standardized incidence rates for female breast and prostate cancers are estimated to continue to increase. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

Citations

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  • Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine treatment on postsurgical recovery in gastric cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Soo-Dam Kim, Sook-Jin Pyo, Dong-Hyeon Kim, Hwa-Seung Yoo, So-Jung Park
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    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park
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  • The Role of Local Prostate and Metastasis-Directed Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer
    Seo Hee Choi, Seung-Hoon Beom, Young Deuk Choi, Won Sik Ham, Hyunho Han, Woong Kyu Han, Won Sik Jang, Seung Hwan Lee, Jaeho Cho
    Cancers.2024; 16(18): 3159.     CrossRef
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    Jianni Cong, Jiahuang Chi, Junli Zeng, Yilan Lin
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  • The Impact of the Dietary Inflammatory Index, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Smoking Status on the Incidence and Survival of Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Case–Control Study and a Prospective Study
    Ga Hyun Lee, Yeon Hee Kim, Sang Myung Woo, Woo Jin Lee, Sung-Sik Han, Sang-Jae Park, Sherry Price, Penias Tembo, James R. Hébert, Mi Kyung Kim
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Original Articles
General
Health Inequities in Cancer Incidence According to Economic Status and Regions Are Still Existed Even under Universal Health Coverage System in Korea: A Nationwide Population Based Study Using the National Health Insurance Database
Youngs Chang, Soo-Hee Hwang, Sang-A Cho, Hyejin Lee, Eunbyul Cho, Jin Yong Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):380-403.   Published online December 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.650
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the level of health equity in relation to cancer incidence.
Materials and Methods
We used the National Health Insurance claims data of the National Health Insurance Service between 2005 and 2022 and annual health insurance and medical aid beneficiaries between 2011 and 2021 to investigate the disparities of cancer incidence. We calculated age-sex standardized cancer incidence rates by cancer and year according to the type of insurance and the trend over time using the annual percentage change. We also compared the hospital type of the first diagnosis by cancer type and year and cancer incidence rates by cancer type and region in 2021 according to the type of insurance.
Results
The total cancer incidence increased from 255,971 in 2011 to 325,772 cases in 2021. The absolute difference of total cancer incidence rate between the NHI beneficiaries and the medical aid (MA) recipients increased from 510.1 cases per 100,000 population to 536.9 cases per 100,000 population. The odds ratio of total cancer incidence for the MA recipients increased from 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77 to 1.82) to 1.90 (95% CI, 1.88 to 1.93). Disparities in access to hospitals and regional cancer incidence were profound.
Conclusion
This study examined health inequities in relation to cancer incidence over the last decade. Cancer incidence was higher in the MA recipients, and the gap was widening. We also found that regional differences in cancer incidence still exist and are getting worse. Investigating these disparities between the NHI beneficiaries and the MA recipients is crucial for implementing of public health policies to reduce health inequities.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • National Expenditures on Anticancer and Immunomodulating Agents During 2013–2022 in Korea
    Jieun Yun, Youngs Chang, Minsol Jo, Yerin Heo, Dong-Sook Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A 5-Year Mortality Prediction Model for Prostate Cancer Patients Based on the Korean Nationwide Health Insurance Claims Database
    Joungyoun Kim, Yong-Hoon Kim, Yong-June Kim, Hee-Taik Kang
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(10): 1058.     CrossRef
  • 3,180 View
  • 172 Download
  • 2 Crossref
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Impact of Patient Sex on Adverse Events and Unscheduled Utilization of Medical Services in Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Songji Choi, Seyoung Seo, Ju Hyun Lee, Koung Jin Suh, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jwa Hoon Kim, Tae Won Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Sun Young Kim, Jeong Eun Kim, Sang-We Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Jae Cheol Lee, Chang-Min Choi, Shinkyo Yoon, Su-Jin Koh, Young Joo Min, Yongchel Ahn, Hwa Jung Kim, Jin Ho Baek, Sook Ryun Park, Jee Hyun Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):404-413.   Published online November 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.784
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The female sex is reported to have a higher risk of adverse events (AEs) from cytotoxic chemotherapy. Few studies examined the sex differences in AEs and their impact on the use of medical services during adjuvant chemotherapy. This sub-study aimed to compare the incidence of any grade and grade ≥ 3 AEs, healthcare utilization, chemotherapy completion rate, and dose intensity according to sex.
Materials and Methods
This is a sub-study of a multicenter cohort conducted in Korea that evaluated the impact of healthcare reimbursement on AE evaluation in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy between September 2013 and December 2016 at four hospitals in Korea.
Results
A total of 1,170 patients with colorectal, gastric, or non–small cell lung cancer were included in the study. Female patients were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and experienced less postoperative weight loss of > 10%. Females had significantly higher rates of any grade AEs including nausea, abdominal pain, stomatitis, vomiting, and neutropenia, and experienced more grade ≥ 3 neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting. The dose intensity of chemotherapy was significantly lower in females, and they also experienced more frequent dose reduction after the first cycle. Moreover, female patients receiving platinum-containing regimens had significantly higher rates of unscheduled outpatient visits.
Conclusion
Our study found that females experienced a higher incidence of multiple any-grade AEs and severe neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting, across various cancer types, leading to more frequent dose reductions. Physicians should be aware of sex differences in AEs for chemotherapy decisions.

Citations

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  • Cancer care for transgender and gender‐diverse people: Practical, literature‐driven recommendations from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer
    Elizabeth J. Cathcart‐Rake, Alexandre Chan, Alvaro Menendez, Denise Markstrom, Carla Schnitzlein, Yee Won Chong, Don S. Dizon
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    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Farmacia Hospitalaria.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 2 Web of Science
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Radiation Oncologists’ Perspectives on Oligometastatic Disease: A Korean Survey Study
Chai Hong Rim, Won Kyung Cho, Jong Hoon Lee, Young Seok Kim, Yang-Gun Suh, Kyung Hwan Kim, Ah Ram Chang, Eui Kyu Chie, Yong Chan Ahn, on behalf of the Oligometastasis Working Group, Korean Cancer Association
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):414-421.   Published online November 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.876
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Perspectives of radiation oncologists on oligometastatic disease was investigated using multi-layered survey.
Materials and Methods
Online survey on the oligometastatic disease was distributed to the board-certified regular members of the Korean Society for Radiation Oncology. The questionnaire consisted of four domains: five questions on demographics; five on the definition of oligometastatic disease; four on the role of local therapy; and three on the oligometastatic disease classification, respectively.
Results
A total of 135 radiation oncologists participated in the survey. The median length of practice after board certification was 22.5 years (range, 1 to 44 years), and the vast majority (94.1%) answered affirmatively to the clinical experience in oligometastatic disease management. Nearly two-thirds of the respondents considered the number of involved organs as an independent factor in defining oligometastasis. Most frequently perceived upper limit on the numerical definition of oligometastasis was 5 (64.2%), followed by 3 (26.0%), respectively. Peritoneal and brain metastasis were nominated as the sites to be excluded from oligometastastic disease by 56.3% and 12.6% of the participants, respectively. Vast majority (82.1%) agreed on the role of local treatment in the management of oligometastatic disease. Majority (72%) of the participants acknowledged the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)–European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classification of oligometastatic disease, however, only 43.3% answered that they applied this classification in their clinical practice. Underlying reasons against the clinical use were ‘too complicated’ (66.0%), followed by ‘insufficient supporting evidence’ (30.0%), respectively.
Conclusion
While most radiation oncologists supported the role of local therapy in oligometastatic disease, there were several inconsistencies in defining and categorizing oligometastatic disease. Continued education and training on oligometastatic disease would be also required to build consensus among participating caregivers.

Citations

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  • Efficacy Analysis of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Oligometastatic Tumors: A Retrospective Study
    Qian Sun, Hanqing Zhao, Xianwen Zhang, Suli Zhang, Zelai He, Gengming Wang, Hao Jiang, Aili Xuan, Xianming Li
    Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A new proposal of simplified classification of non-small cell lung cancer oligometastases for easy applicability through systematic literature analysis and meta-analysis validation
    Hanseung Kang, Woohyeon Do, Yong Chan Ahn, Eui Kyu Chie, Chai Hong Rim
    European Journal of Cancer.2024; 212: 115043.     CrossRef
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  • 140 Download
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
The Real-World Outcome of First Line Atezolizumab in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Myeong Geun Choi, Yeon Joo Kim, Jae Cheol Lee, Wonjun Ji, In-Jae Oh, Sung Yong Lee, Seong Hoon Yoon, Shin Yup Lee, Jeong Eun Lee, Eun Young Kim, Chang-Min Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):422-429.   Published online October 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.913
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy has improved survival outcomes in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, their real-world effectiveness remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in ES-SCLC in actual clinical settings.
Materials and Methods
In this multicenter prospective cohort study, patients with ES-SCLC receiving or scheduled to receive atezolizumab in combination with etoposide and carboplatin were enrolled between June 2021 and August 2022. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate.
Results
A total of 100 patients with ES-SCLC were enrolled from seven centers. Median age was 69 years, and 6% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ≥ 2. The median PFS was 6.0 months, the 1-year OS rate was 62.2%, and the median OS was 13.5 months. An ECOG PS of 2-3 and progressive disease as the best response were poor prognostic factors for PFS, while an ECOG PS of 2-3 and brain metastasis were associated with poor prognosis for OS. In addition, consolidative thoracic radiotherapy was found to be an independent favorable prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio, 0.336; p=0.021). Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 7% of patients, with treatment-related deaths occurring in 2% of patients.
Conclusion
We provided evidence of the favorable real-world effectiveness and safety of atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in ES-SCLC patients, including in the elderly and those with poor ECOG PS. Additional consolidative thoracic radiotherapy may also benefit ES-SCLC patients.
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Intrathoracic Progression Is Still the Most Dominant Failure Pattern after First-Line Chemo-immunotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Implications for Thoracic Radiotherapy
Dowook Kim, Hak Jae Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Joo Ho Lee, Suzy Kim, Tae Min Kim, Jin-Soo Kim, Byoung Hyuck Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):430-441.   Published online November 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.931
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to compare the failure patterns before and after the introduction of immunotherapy and to determine the role of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) treatment.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 294 patients with ES-SCLC, of which 62.2% underwent chemotherapy alone, 13.3% underwent chemotherapy followed by consolidative TRT (TRT group), and 24.5% underwent chemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI group). We performed propensity-score matching (PSM) to compare each treatment group.
Results
The median follow-up duration was 10.4 months. At the first relapse, in the cohort showing objective response, the proportion of cases showing intrathoracic progression was significantly lower in the TRT group (37.8%) than in the chemotherapy-alone (77.2%, p < 0.001) and the ICI (60.3%, p=0.03) groups. Furthermore, in the subgroup analysis, TRT showed benefits related to intrathoracic progression-free survival (PFS) in comparison with ICI in patients with less than two involved extrathoracic sites (p=0.008) or without liver metastasis (p=0.02) or pleural metastasis (p=0.005) at diagnosis. After PSM, the TRT group showed significantly better intrathoracic PFS than both chemotherapy-alone and ICI groups (p < 0.001 and p=0.04, respectively), but showed no significant benefit in terms of PFS and overall survival in comparison with the ICI group (p=0.17 and p=0.31, respectively).
Conclusion
In ES-SCLC, intrathoracic progression was the most dominant failure pattern after immunotherapy. In the era of chemoimmunotherapy, consolidative TRT can still be considered a useful treatment strategy for locoregional control.

Citations

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  • Radiotherapy(R) Integration(I) Strategy for Small(S)-Cell Lung Cancer in Extensive(E) Stage (RISE) with up to 10 metastases- a study protocol of a randomized phase II trial
    Łukasz Kuncman, Jacek Fijuth, Damian Tworek, Ewa Sierko, Paweł Cisek, Michał Masłowski, Maja Lisik-Habib, Magdalena Orzechowska, Katarzyna Galwas-Kliber, Adam Antczak, Izabela Chmielewska, Barbara Ziółkowska, Marta Kurczewska-Michalak, Wojciech Kuźnicki,
    BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical outcomes and synergistic effect between radiotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a real-world study
    Meiling Sun, Huaijun Ji, Fang Deng, Jingyi Li, Ning Xu, Yu Li
    BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,631 View
  • 183 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Genomic Landscape of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
Hyun Jung Kwon, Sejoon Lee, Yeon Bi Han, Jeonghyo Lee, Soohyeon Kwon, Hyojin Kim, Jin-Haeng Chung
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):442-454.   Published online November 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.764
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare aggressive subtype of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with limited therapeutic strategies. We attempted to elucidate the evolutionary trajectories of PSC using multiregional and longitudinal tumor samples.
Materials and Methods
A total of 31 patients were enrolled in this study and 11 longitudinal samples were available from them. Using whole exome sequencing data, we analyzed the mutational signatures in both carcinomatous and sarcomatous areas in primary tumors of the 31 patients and longitudinal samples obtained from 11 patients. Furthermore, digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry using the Ventana SP263 assay were performed.
Results
TP53 was identified as the most frequently altered gene in the primary (74%) and metastatic (73%) samples. MET exon 14 skipping mutations, confirmed by ddPCR, and TP53 mutations were mutually exclusive; whereas, MET exon 14 skipping mutations frequently co-occurred with MDM2 amplification. Metastatic tumors showed dissimilar genetic profiles from either primary component. During metastasis, the signatures of APOBEC decreased in metastatic lesions compared with that in primary lesions. PSC showed higher MET and KEAP1 mutations and stronger PD-L1 protein expression compared with that recorded in other NSCLCs.
Conclusion
Decreased APOBEC signatures and subclonal diversity were detected during malignant progression in PSC. Frequent MET mutations and strong PD-L1 expression distinguished PSC from other NSCLCs. The aggressiveness and therapeutic difficulties of PSC were possibly attributable to profound intratumoral and intertumoral genetic diversity. Next-generation sequencing could suggest the appropriate treatment strategy for PSC.

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  • PD-L1 Expression and Its Modulating Factors in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
    Shipra Agarwal, Chan Kwon Jung, Pranitha Gaddam, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Takuya Higashiyama, Jen-Fan Hang, Wei-An Lai, Somboon Keelawat, Zhiyan Liu, Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park, Junya Fukuoka, Shinya Satoh, Zhanna Mussazhanova, Masahiro Nakashima, Kennichi Ka
    American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 48(10): 1233.     CrossRef
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Tissue and Plasma-Based Highly Sensitive Blocker Displacement Amplicon Nanopore Sequencing for EGFR Mutations in Lung Cancer
Patinya Akkhasutthikun, Pornchai Kaewsapsak, Pattaraporn Nimsamer, Pavit Klomkliew, Suthida Visedthorn, Pragwalai Chanchaem, Chinachote Teerapakpinyo, Sunchai Payungporn, Sutima Luangdilok
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):455-463.   Published online November 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1108
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is a widely prevalent oncogene driver in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in East Asia. The detection of EGFR mutations is a standard biomarker test performed routinely in patients with NSCLC for the selection of targeted therapy. Here, our objective was to develop a portable new technique for detecting EGFR (19Del, T790M, and L858R) mutations based on Nanopore sequencing.
Materials and Methods
The assay employed a blocker displacement amplification (BDA)–based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique combined with Nanopore sequencing to detect EGFR mutations. Mutant and wild-type EGFR clones were generated from DNA from H1650 (19Del heterozygous) and H1975 (T790M and L858R heterozygous) lung cancer cell lines. Then, they were mixed to assess the performance of this technique for detecting low variant allele frequencies (VAFs). Subsequently, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from patients with NSCLC were used for clinical validation.
Results
The assay can detect low VAF at 0.5% mutant mixed in wild-type EGFR. Using FFPE DNA, the concordance rates of EGFR 19Del, T790M, and L858R mutations between our method and Cobas real-time PCR were 98.46%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. For cfDNA, the concordance rates of EGFR 19Del, T790M, and L858R mutations between our method and droplet digital PCR were 94.74%, 100%, and 100%, respectively.
Conclusion
The BDA amplicon Nanopore sequencing is a highly accurate and sensitive method for the detection of EGFR mutations in clinical specimens.

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  • Cancer liquid biopsies by Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing of cell-free DNA: from basic research to clinical applications
    Hua-Qi Si, Peng Wang, Fei Long, Wei Zhong, Yuan-Dong Meng, Yuan Rong, Xiang-Yu Meng, Fu-Bing Wang
    Molecular Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Development of the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines: Recommendations on Radial Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound for Diagnosing Lung Cancer - An Updated Meta-Analysis
Soo Han Kim, Hyun Sung Chung, Jinmi Kim, Mi-Hyun Kim, Min Ki Lee, Insu Kim, Jung Seop Eom
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):464-483.   Published online November 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.749
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) accurately locates peripheral lung lesions (PLLs) during transbronchial biopsy (TBB). We performed an updated meta-analysis of the diagnostic yield of TBB for PLLs using RP-EBUS to generate recommendations for the development of the Korean Association of Lung Cancer guidelines.
Materials and Methods
We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (from January 2013 to December 2022), and performed a meta-analysis using R software. The diagnostic yield was evaluated by dividing the number of successful diagnoses by the total lesion number. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify related factors.
Results
Forty-one studies with a total of 13,133 PLLs were included. The pooled diagnostic yield of RP-EBUS was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 0.75). Significant heterogeneity was observed among studies (χ2=292.38, p < 0.01, I2=86.4%). In a subgroup analysis, there was a significant difference in diagnostic yield based on RP-EBUS findings (within, adjacent to, invisible), with a risk ratio of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.23 to 1.72) between within and adjacent to, 4.20 (95% CI, 1.89 to 9.32) between within and invisible, and 2.59 (95% CI, 1.32 to 5.01) between adjacent to and invisible. There was a significant difference in diagnostic yield based on lesion size, histologic diagnosis, computed tomography (CT) bronchus sign, lesion character, and location from the hilum. The overall complication rate of TBB with RP-EBUS was 6.8% (bleeding, 4.5%; pneumothorax, 1.4%).
Conclusion
Our study showed that TBB with RP-EBUS is an accurate diagnostic tool for PLLs with good safety profiles, especially for PLLs with within orientation on RP-EBUS or positive CT bronchus sign.
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Revolutionizing Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis: Ultra-High-Sensitive ctDNA Analysis for Detecting Hotspot Mutations with Long-term Stored Plasma
Ji-Young Lee, Seyeon Jeon, Ha Ra Jun, Chang Ohk Sung, Se Jin Jang, Chang-Min Choi, Sung-Min Chun
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):484-501.   Published online October 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.712
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has great potential in clinical oncology. The prognostic and predictive values of cfDNA in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been reported, with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), KRAS, and BRAF mutations in tumor-derived cfDNAs acting as biomarkers during the early stages of tumor progression and recurrence. However, extremely low tumor-derived DNA rates hinder cfDNA application. We developed an ultra-high-sensitivity lung version 1 (ULV1) panel targeting BRAF, KRAS, and EGFR hotspot mutations using small amounts of cfDNA, allowing for semi-quantitative analysis with excellent limit-of-detection (0.05%).
Materials and Methods
Mutation analysis was performed on cfDNAs extracted from the plasma of 104 patients with NSCLC by using the ULV1 panel and targeted next-generation sequencing (CT-ULTRA), followed by comparison analysis of mutation patterns previously screened using matched tumor tissue DNA.
Results
The ULV1 panel demonstrated robust selective amplification of mutant alleles, enabling the detection of mutations with a high degree of analytical sensitivity (limit-of-detection, 0.025%-0.1%) and specificity (87.9%-100%). Applying ULV1 to NSCLC cfDNA revealed 51.1% (23/45) samples with EGFR mutations, increasing with tumor stage: 8.33% (stage I) to 78.26% (stage IV). Semi-quantitative analysis proved effective for low-mutation-fraction clinical samples. Comparative analysis with PANAMutyper EGFR exhibited substantial concordance (κ=0.84).
Conclusion
Good detection sensitivity (~80%) was observed despite the limited volume (1 mL) and long-term storage (12-50 months) of plasma used and is expected to increase with high cfDNA inputs. Thus, the ULV1 panel is a fast and cost-effective method for early diagnosis, treatment selection, and clinical follow-up of patients with NSCLC.

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  • Longitudinal dynamics of circulating tumor DNA for treatment monitoring in patients with breast cancer recurrence
    Tae-Kyung Robyn Yoo, Ji-Young Lee, Hwan Park, Whi-Kyung Cho, Seyeon Jeon, Ha Ra Jun, Sae Byul Lee, Il Yong Chung, Hee Jeong Kim, Beom Seok Ko, Jong Won Lee, Byung Ho Son, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Jae Ho Jeong, Jeong Eun Kim, Jin-Hee Ahn, Kyung Hae Jung, Sung-Bae Kim
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,342 View
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Clinical Effect of Endosonography on Overall Survival in Patients with Radiological N1 Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Bo-Guen Kim, Byeong-Ho Jeong, Goeun Park, Hong Kwan Kim, Young Mog Shim, Sun Hye Shin, Kyungjong Lee, Sang-Won Um, Hojoong Kim, Jong Ho Cho
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):502-512.   Published online December 4, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.840
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
It is unclear whether performing endosonography first in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with radiological N1 (rN1) has any advantages over surgery without nodal staging. We aimed to compare surgery without endosonography to performing endosonography first in rN1 on the overall survival (OS) of patients with NSCLC.
Materials and Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of patients with rN1 NSCLC between 2013 and 2019. Patients were divided into ‘no endosonography’ and ‘endosonography first’ groups. We investigated the effect of nodal staging through endosonography on OS using propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.
Results
In the no endosonography group, pathologic N2 occurred in 23.0% of patients. In the endosonography first group, endosonographic N2 and N3 occurred in 8.6% and 1.6% of patients, respectively. Additionally, 51 patients were pathologic N2 among 249 patients who underwent surgery and mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND) in endosonography first group. After PSM, the 5-year OSs were 68.1% and 70.6% in the no endosonography and endosonography first groups, respectively. However, the 5-year OS was 80.2% in the subgroup who underwent surgery and MLND of the endosonography first group. Moreover, in patients receiving surgical resection with MLND, the endosonography first group tended to have a better OS than the no endosonography group in adjusted analysis using various models.
Conclusion
In rN1 NSCLC, preoperative endosonography shows better OS than surgery without endosonography. For patients with rN1 NSCLC who are candidates for surgery, preoperative endosonography may help improve survival through patient selection.
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Breast cancer
Pyrotinib Combined with Vinorelbine in Patients with Previously Treated HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Prospective Study
Kuikui Jiang, Ruoxi Hong, Wen Xia, Qianyi Lu, Liang Li, Jianhao Huang, Yanxia Shi, Zhongyu Yuan, Qiufan Zheng, Xin An, Cong Xue, Jiajia Huang, Xiwen Bi, Meiting Chen, Jingmin Zhang, Fei Xu, Shusen Wang
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):513-521.   Published online October 12, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.786
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new combination treatment of vinorelbine and pyrotinib in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and provide higher level evidence for clinical practice.
Materials and Methods
This was a prospective, single-arm, phase 2 trial conducted at three institutions in China. Patients with HER2-positive MBC, who had previously been treated with trastuzumab plus a taxane or trastuzumab plus pertuzumab combined with a chemotherapeutic agent, were enrolled between March 2020 and December 2021. All patients received pyrotinib 400 mg orally once daily plus vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 intravenously or 60-80 mg/m2 orally on day 1 and day 8 of 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints included the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival, and safety.
Results
A total of 39 patients were enrolled. All patients had been pretreated with trastuzumab and 23.1% (n=9) of them had accepted trastuzumab plus pertuzumab. The median follow-up time was 16.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3 to 27.2), and the median PFS was 6.4 months (95% CI, 4.0 to 8.8). The ORR was 43.6% (95% CI, 27.8% to 60.4%) and the DCR was 84.6% (95% CI, 69.5% to 94.1%). The median PFS of patients with versus without prior pertuzumab treatment was 4.6 and 8.3 months (p=0.017). The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhea (28.2%), neutrophil count decreased (15.4%), white blood cell count decreased (7.7%), vomiting (5.1%), and anemia (2.6%).
Conclusion
Pyrotinib plus vinorelbine showed promising efficacy and tolerable toxicity as second-line treatment in patients with HER2-positive MBC.

Citations

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  • Unraveling the future: Innovative design strategies and emerging challenges in HER2-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy
    Sixiang Zheng, Ruixian Chen, Lele Zhang, Lun Tan, Lintao Li, Fangyi Long, Ting Wang
    European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 276: 116702.     CrossRef
  • Pyrotinib combined with metronomic etoposide in heavily pretreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: a single-arm, phase II study
    Jiaxuan Liu, Maiyue He, Mingxia Jiang, Shihan Zhou, Mengqi Zhang, Yiqun Li, Shanshan Chen, Ruigang Cai, Hongnan Mo, Bo Lan, Fei Ma, Binghe Xu, Qiao Li
    BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 181 Download
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Temporal Trend in Uptake of the National General Health Checkups and Cancer Screening Program among Korean Women with Breast Cancer
Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Chihwan Cha, Boyoung Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):522-530.   Published online October 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.729
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study assessed the temporal trends of uptake of national general health and cancer screening among women with breast cancer in Korea between 2009 and 2016.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Participants included 101,403 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2016. Information on participation in national screening programs, including breast cancer screening, general health, and gastric, colorectal, and cervical cancers, up to 2020 was collected. Screening participation rates within the first 2 and 5 years postdiagnosis were calculated by diagnosis year and fitted with joinpoint regression models to assess temporal trends.
Results
Overall, the participation rate in breast cancer screening within 2 years postdiagnosis increased from 10.9% to 14.0% from 2009-2016, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 3.7% (p < 0.05). The participation rate in breast cancer screening was lower than that in general health checkup and screening for other cancers within 2 and 5 years postdiagnosis. A steady increase in screening trends was also observed for general health, gastric, colorectal, and cervical cancers, with APC of 5.3%, 5.7%, 6.9%, and 7.6% in the 2-year postdiagnosis rate, and APC of 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.7%, and 4.4% in 5-year postdiagnosis rate, respectively. The screening rate was highest among age groups 50-59 and 60-69 in 2009 and significant upward trends were observed in all age groups for general health checkup and gastric, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening.
Conclusion
Among female breast cancer survivors in Korea, the uptake rate of screenings for general health and various cancers, including breast, gastric, colorectal, and cervical cancers, has shown a gradual increase in recent years.

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  • Identifying potential medical aid beneficiaries using machine learning: A Korean Nationwide cohort study
    Junmo Kim, Su Hyun Park, Hyesu Lee, Su Kyoung Lee, Jihye Kim, Suhyun Kim, Yong Jin Kwon, Kwangsoo Kim
    International Journal of Medical Informatics.2025; 195: 105775.     CrossRef
  • Screening Adherence for Second Primary Malignancies in Breast Cancer Survivors: Behaviors, Facilitators, and Barriers to Enhance Quality Care
    Fernanda Mesa-Chavez, Misael Salazar-Alejo, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
    Seminars in Oncology.2024; 51(5-6): 156.     CrossRef
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  • 91 Download
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Implication of Pre- and Post-radiotherapy ctDNA Dynamics in Patients with Residual Triple-Negative Breast Cancer at Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Findings from a Prospective Observational Study
Tae Hoon Lee, Haeyoung Kim, Yeon Jeong Kim, Woong-Yang Park, Won Park, Won Kyung Cho, Nalee Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):531-537.   Published online November 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.996
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aims to determine the association between pre- and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) dynamics and oncological outcomes in patients with residual triple-negative breast cancer who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).
Materials and Methods
Between March 2019 and July 2020, 11 nonmetastatic patients with residual disease who underwent surgery after NAC were prospectively enrolled. In each patient, tumor specimens obtained during surgery and blood samples collected at three time points during PORT (T0: pre-PORT, T1: 3 weeks after PORT, T2: 1 month after PORT) were sequenced, targeting 38 cancer-related genes. Disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated and the association between DFS and ctDNA dynamics was analyzed.
Results
At T0, ctDNA was detected in three (27.2%) patients. The ctDNA dynamics were as follows: two showed a decreasing ctDNA variant allele frequency (VAF) and reached zero VAF at T2, while one patient exhibited an increasing VAF during PORT and maintained an elevated VAF at T2. After a median follow-up of 48 months, two patients experienced distant metastasis without any locoregional failures. All failures occurred in patients with ctDNA positivity at T0 and a decreased VAF after PORT. The 4-year DFS rates according to the T0 ctDNA status were 67% (positive ctDNA) and 100% (negative ctDNA) (p=0.032).
Conclusion
More than a quarter of the patients with residual disease after post-NAC surgery exhibited pre-PORT ctDNA positivity, and ctDNA positivity was associated with poor DFS. For patients with pre-PORT ctDNA positivity, the administration of a more effective systemic treatment should be considered.

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  • Multiple drugs

    Reactions Weekly.2024; 2033(1): 183.     CrossRef
  • 3,594 View
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Genomic Characteristics and Its Therapeutic Implications in Breast Cancer Patients with Detectable Molecular Residual Disease
Shu Zhang, Yan Jiang, Lu Zhou, Jing Xu, Gang Zhang, Lu Shen, Yan Xu
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):538-548.   Published online December 5, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1059
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Molecular residual disease (MRD) is the main cause of postoperative recurrence of breast cancer. However, the baseline tumor genomic characteristics and therapeutic implications of breast cancer patients with detectable MRD after surgery are still unknown.
Materials and Methods
In this study, we enrolled 80 patients with breast cancer who underwent next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing of 1,021 cancer-related genes performed on baseline tumor and postoperative plasma, among which 18 patients had detectable MRD after surgery.
Results
Baseline clinical characteristics found that patients with higher clinical stages were more likely to have detectable MRD. Analysis of single nucleotide variations and small insertions/deletions in baseline tumors showed that somatic mutations in MAP3K1, ATM, FLT1, GNAS, POLD1, SPEN, and WWP2 were significantly enriched in patients with detectable MRD. Oncogenic signaling pathway analysis revealed that alteration of the Cell cycle pathway was more likely to occur in patients with detectable MRD (p=0.012). Mutational signature analysis showed that defective DNA mismatch repair and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mediated somatic hypermutation (SHM) were associated with detectable MRD. According to the OncoKB database, 77.8% (14/18) of patients with detectable MRD had U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved mutational biomarkers and targeted therapy.
Conclusion
Our study reports genomic characteristics of breast cancer patients with detectable MRD. The cell cycle pathway, defective DNA mismatch repair, and AID-mediated SHM were found to be the possible causes of detectable MRD. We also found the vast majority of patients with detectable MRD have the opportunity to access targeted therapy.
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Assessment of Eligibility and Utilization of Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Korean Breast Cancer Patients (KROG 22-15)
Seok-Joo Chun, Ji Hwan Jo, Yong Bae Kim, Sangjoon Park, Sung-Ja Ahn, Su Ssan Kim, Kyubo Kim, Kyung Hwan Shin
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):549-556.   Published online December 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1109
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
We investigated the proportions of patients eligible for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) among those with pT1-2N0 breast cancer, based on the criteria set by the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), the Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO), the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), and the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBS). Additionally, we analyzed the rate of APBI utilization among eligible patients.
Materials and Methods
Patients diagnosed with pT1-2N0 breast cancer in 2019 were accrued in four tertiary medical centers in Korea. All patients had undergone breast conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy, either whole breast irradiation or APBI. To determine which guideline best predicts the use of APBI in Korea, the F1 score and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) were determined for each guideline.
Results
A total of 1,251 patients were analyzed, of whom 196 (15.7%) underwent APBI. The percentages of eligible patients identified by the ASTRO, GEC-ESTRO, ABS, and ASBS criteria were 13.7%, 21.0%, 50.5%, and 63.5%, respectively. APBI was used to treat 54.4%, 37.2%, 27.1%, and 23.7% of patients eligible by the ASTRO, GEC-ESTRO, ABS, and ASBS criteria, respectively. The ASTRO guideline exhibited the highest F1 score (0.76) and MCC (0.67), thus showing the best prediction of APBI utilization in Korea.
Conclusion
The proportion of Korean breast cancer patients who are candidates for APBI is substantial. The actual rate of APBI utilization among eligible patients may suggest there is a room for risk-stratified optimization in offering radiation therapy.

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  • Impact of the ASTRO 2024 Guideline on Partial Breast Irradiation Eligibility in Breast Cancer Patients (KROG 24-01)
    Seok-Joo Chun, Sangjoon Park, Yong Bae Kim, Sung-Ja Ahn, Kyubo Kim, Kyung Hwan Shin
    Practical Radiation Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,878 View
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PD-L1 (SP142) Expression in Primary and Recurrent/Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancers and Its Clinicopathological Significance
Eun Kyung Han, Ji Won Woo, Koung Jin Suh, Se Hyun Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, So Yeon Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):557-566.   Published online December 12, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1025
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) SP142 assay identifies patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who are most likely to respond to the anti–PD-L1 agent atezolizumab. We aimed to compare PD-L1 (SP142) expression between primary and recurrent/metastatic TNBCs and elucidate the clinicopathological features associated with its expression.
Materials and Methods
Primary and recurrent/metastatic TNBCs tested with PD-L1 (SP142) were collected, and clinicopathological information of these cases was obtained through a review of slides and medical records.
Results
PD-L1 (SP142) positivity was observed in 50.9% (144/283) of primary tumors and 37.8% (31/82) of recurrent/metastatic TNBCs with a significant difference. Recurrent or metastatic sites were associated with PD-L1 positivity, with high PD-L1 positivity in the lung, breast, and soft tissues, and low positivity in the bone, skin, liver, and brain. When comparing PD-L1 expression between primary and matched recurrent/metastatic TNBCs using 55 paired samples, 20 cases (36.4%) showed discordance; 10 cases revealed positive conversion, and another 10 cases revealed negative conversion during metastatic progression. In primary TNBCs, PD-L1 expression was associated with a higher histologic grade, lower T category, pushing border, and higher tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte infiltration. In survival analyses, PD-L1 positivity, especially high positivity, was found to be associated with favorable prognosis of patients.
Conclusion
PD-L1 (SP142) expression was lower in recurrent/metastatic TNBCs, and substantial cases showed discordance in its expression between primary and recurrent/metastatic sites, suggesting that multiple sites may need to be tested for PD-L1 (SP142) when considering atezolizumab therapy. PD-L1 (SP142)–positive TNBCs seems to be associated with favorable clinical outcomes.

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  • Solamargine inhibits gastric cancer progression via inactivation of STAT3/PD‑L1 signaling
    Xiongxiang Liu, Lin Song, Wen Liu, Bin Liu, Lang Liu, Yao Su
    Molecular Medicine Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Positivity Using SP142 in Patients With Advanced Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Pathmanathan Rajadurai, Ning Yi Yap, Seow Fan Chiew, Reena Rahayu Md Zin, Suria Hayati Md Pauzi, Aniqah Shamimi Binti Jaafar, Azyani Yahaya, Lai Meng Looi
    Journal of Breast Cancer.2024; 27(6): 362.     CrossRef
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Therapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Arm, Phase II Study
Sehhoon Park, Yurimi Lee, Jiyun Lee, Yang Won Min, Hong Kwan Kim, Joon Young Choi, Hyun Ae Jung, Yong Soo Choi, Yoon-La Choi, Young Mog Shim, Jong-Mu Sun
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):567-579.   Published online October 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.897
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have shown efficacy in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) therapy. However, data is still limited regarding neoadjuvant immunotherapy for operable ESCC.
Materials and Methods
Patients with clinical stage T2 or T3 and N0 ESCC received three cycles of nivolumab therapy every two weeks before surgical resection. The primary endpoint is major pathologic responses (MPR) rate (≤ 10% of residual viable tumor [RVT]).
Results
Total 20 patients completed the planned nivolumab therapy. Among them, 17 patients underwent surgery as protocol, showing MPR in two patients (MPR rate, 11.8%), including one pathologic complete response, on conventional pathologic response evaluation. Pathologic response was re-evaluated using the immune-related pathologic response criteria based on immune-related RVT (irRVT). Three patients were classified as immunologic major pathologic response (iMPR; ≤ 10% irRVT, iMPR rate: 17.6%), five as pathologic partial response (> 10% and < 90% irRVT), and nine as pathologic nonresponse (≥ 90% irRVT). The combined positive score (CPS) for PD-L1 in the baseline samples was predictable for iMPR, with the probability as 37.5% in CPS ≥ 10 (3/8) and 0% in CPS < 10 (0/9).
Conclusion
Although the efficacy of neoadjuvant nivolumab therapy was modest in unselected ESCC patients, further researches on neoadjuvant immunotherapy are necessary in patients with PD-L1 expressed ESCC.
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NESC Multicenter Phase II Trial in the Preoperative Treatment of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Chemotherapy (Docetaxel-Cisplatin-5FU+Lenograstim) Followed by Chemoradiation Based 5FU and Oxaliplatin and Surgery
Laurent Mineur, Frederi Plat, Françoise Desseigne, Gael Deplanque, Mohamed Belkacemi, Laurence Moureau-Zabotto, Carlos D. Beyrne, Khadija Jalali, Stéphane Obled, Denis Smith, Léa Vazquez, Rania Boustany
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):580-589.   Published online October 5, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.812
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) is expected to increase the rate of curative resection and complete histological response. In this trial, we investigated the efficacy of a neoadjuvant CRT regimen in gastric adenocarcinoma (NCT01565109 trial).
Materials and Methods
Patients with stage IB to IIIC gastric adenocarcinoma, endoscopy ultrasound and computed tomography–scan diagnosed, were eligible for this phase II trial. Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of 2 cycles of chemotherapy with DCF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil [5FU]) followed by preoperative CRT with oxaliplatin, continuous 5FU and radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions per week for 5 weeks) administered before surgery. R0-resection rate, pathological complete response (pathCR) rate, and survival (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) were evaluated as primary endpoints.
Results
Among 33 patients included, 32 patients (97%) received CRT and 26 (78.8%) were resected (R0 resection for all patients resected). Among resected patients, we report pathCR in 23,1% and pathologic major response (tumor regression grade 2 according to Mandard’s classification) in 26,9%. With a median follow-up duration of 5.82 years (range, 0.4 to 9.24 years), the estimated median OS for all 33 patients was not reached; 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 85%, 61%, and 52%, respectively. Among resected patients, those whose histological response was tumor grade regression (TRG) 1-2 had significantly better OS and PFS rates than those with a TRG 3-4-5 response (p=0.019 and p=0.016, respectively).
Conclusion
Promising results from trials involving preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery in gastric cancer need to be further evaluated in a phase III trial.

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  • Efficacy of Cisplatin-Containing Chemotherapy Regimens in Patients of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Obaid Ur Rehman, Eeshal Fatima, Zain Ali Nadeem, Arish Azeem, Jatin Motwani, Habiba Imran, Hadia Mehboob, Alishba Khan, Omer Usman
    Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2024; 55(2): 559.     CrossRef
  • The Comparison of FLOT and DCF Regimens as Perioperative Treatment for Gastric Cancer
    Gökhan Uçar, Serhat Sekmek, İrfan Karahan, Yakup Ergün, Özlem Aydın İsak, Sezai Tunç, Mutlu Doğan, Fatih Gürler, Doğan Bayram, Yusuf Açıkgöz, Selin Aktürk Esen , Burak Civelek, Fahriye Tuğba Köş , Öznur Bal, Efnan Algın, Tülay Eren, Gökşen İnanç İmamoğ
    Oncology.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
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A Phase 1b/2a Study of GC1118 with 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin and Irinotecan (FOLFIRI) in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Keun-Wook Lee, Sae-Won Han, Tae Won Kim, Joong Bae Ahn, Ji Yeon Baek, Sang Hee Cho, Howard Lee, Jin Won Kim, Ji-Won Kim, Tae-You Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Seung-Hoon Beom, Yongjun Cha, Yoonjung Choi, Seonhui Kim, Yung-Jue Bang
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):590-601.   Published online December 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1117
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
GC1118 is a novel antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with enhanced blocking activity against both low- and high-affinity EGFR ligands. A phase 1b/2a study was conducted to determine a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of GC1118 in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) (phase 1b) and to assess the safety and efficacy of GC1118 plus FOLFIRI as a second-line therapy for recurrent/metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) (phase 2a).
Materials and Methods
Phase 1b was designed as a standard 3+3 dose-escalation study with a starting dose of GC1118 (3 mg/kg/week) in combination with biweekly FOLFIRI (irinotecan 180 mg/m2; leucovorin 400 mg/m2; 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 bolus and 2,400 mg/m2 infusion over 46 hours) in patients with solid tumors refractory to standard treatments. The subsequent phase 2a part was conducted with objective response rate (ORR) as a primary endpoint. Patients with KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild-type, EGFR-positive, recurrent/metastatic CRC resistant to the first-line treatment were enrolled in the phase 2a study.
Results
RP2D of GC1118 was determined to be 3 mg/kg/wk in the phase 1b study (n=7). Common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) observed in the phase 2a study (n=24) were acneiform rash (95.8%), dry skin (66.7%), paronychia (58.3%), and stomatitis (50.0%). The most common ADR of ≥ grade 3 was neutropenia (33.3%). ORR was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.5 to 62.0), and median progression-free survival was 6.7 months (95% CI, 4.0-8.0).
Conclusion
GC1118 administered weekly at 3 mg/kg in combination with FOLFIRI appears as an effective and safe treatment option in recurrent/metastatic CRC.

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  • Drug combinations of camptothecin derivatives promote the antitumor properties
    Zhen Liu, Yajie Yuan, Ning Wang, Peng Yu, Yuou Teng
    European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 279: 116872.     CrossRef
  • 3,341 View
  • 127 Download
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A Single-Arm Phase II Study of Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer
Ting Liu, Qing Li, Zhen Lin, Chunhua Liu, Wei Pu, Shasha Zeng, Jun Lai, Xuebin Cai, Lisha Zhang, Shuyang Wang, Miao Chen, Wei Cao, Hongfeng Gou, Qing Zhu
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):602-615.   Published online October 12, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.726
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) have a poor survival. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen in Chinese advanced BTC patients.
Materials and Methods
Eligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic BTC administrated intravenous 100 mg/m2 nab-paclitaxel, 800 mg/m2 gemcitabine, and 25 mg/m2 cisplatin every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and adverse events, while exploratory endpoint was the association of biomarkers with efficacy.
Results
After the median follow-up of 25.0 months, the median PFS and OS of 34 enrolled patients were 7.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4 to 13.7) and 16.4 months (95% CI, 10.9 to 23.6), respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events at ≥ 3 grade were neutropenia (26.5%) and leukopenia (26.5%). Survival analyses demonstrated that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels could monitor patients’ survival outcomes. A significant increase in the number of infiltrating CD4+ cells (p=0.008) and a decrease in programmed death-1–positive (PD-1+) cells (p=0.032) were observed in the response patients.
Conclusion
In advanced BTC patients, nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen showed therapeutic potential. Potential prognostic factors of CEA levels, number of CD4+ cells and PD-1+ cells may help us maximize the efficacy benefit.

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  • Efficacy and biomarker analysis of second‐line nab‐paclitaxel plus sintilimab in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer
    Xiaofen Li, Nan Zhou, Yu Yang, Zijian Lu, Hongfeng Gou
    Cancer Science.2024; 115(7): 2371.     CrossRef
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Genitourinary cancer
Physical Activity and Bladder Cancer Risk: Findings of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study
Hang An, Keyang Liu, Kokoro Shirai, Ryo Kawasaki, Akiko Tamakoshi, Hiroyasu Iso
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):616-623.   Published online October 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.962
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The association of physical activity with the risk of bladder cancer remains inconsistent among Asian populations. We aimed to examine the association in a large Japanese cohort.
Materials and Methods
In a population-based prospective cohort study, a total of 50,374 Japanese adults aged 40-79 years without a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease who had information on physical activity from self-administrated questionnaires were used for analysis. We performed Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident bladder cancer after adjusting for several potential confounders.
Results
During the median 17.5 years of follow-up, 153 incident bladder cancers (116 men and 37 women) were identified. After the multivariable adjustment, HRs (95% CI) of bladder cancer concerning those with recreational sports participation of 1-2 hr/wk, 3-4 hr/wk, and 5 hr/wk and more were 0.67 (0.38-1.20), 0.79 (0.36-1.74), and 0.28 (0.09-0.89), respectively (p for trend=0.017). Compared with mostly sitting at the workplace, occupational physical activity of standing and walking were associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer (HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.85]). Hours of daily walking were not associated with the risk. The lower risk of bladder cancer was more evident for recreational sports (HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.10 to 1.00]), and for occupational standing and walking activity at work (HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.98]) among men.
Conclusion
Recreational sports participation and occupational physical activity were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer among Japanese, especially in men.
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Clinical Outcomes of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Genitourinary Tract and the Prognostic Significance of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Jaewon Hyung, Hyung-Don Kim, Gi Hwan Kim, Yong Mee Cho, Yeon-Mi Ryu, Sang-Yeob Kim, Inkeun Park, Shinkyo Yoon, Jae Lyun Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):624-633.   Published online November 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1076
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Small cell carcinoma of the genitourinary tract (GU SCC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. There are only limited treatment options due to insufficient understanding of the disease. In this study, we analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients with GU SCC and their association with the tumor immune phenotype.
Materials and Methods
Patients diagnosed with GU SCC were included. Survival outcomes according to the primary location (prostate and non-prostate) and stages (limited disease [LD] and extensive disease [ED]) were analyzed. We performed multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) in non-prostate SCC patients and analyzed the immune cell population.
Results
A total of 77 patients were included in this study. Their median age was 71 years, 67 patients (87.0%) were male, and 48 patients (62.3%) had non-prostate SCC. All patients with ED (n=31, 40.3%) received etoposide plus platinum (EP) as initial treatment and median overall survival (OS) was 9.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1 to 18.6). Patients with LD (n=46, 59.7%) received EP followed by radiotherapy or surgery, and 24-months OS rate was 63.6% (95% CI, 49.9 to 81.0). The multiplex IHC analysis of 21 patients with non-prostate SCC showed that patients with a higher density of programmed death-ligand 1–expressing CD68+CD206+ M2-like macrophages had significantly worse OS outcomes with an adjusted hazards ratio of 4.17 (95% CI, 1.25 to 14.29; adjusted p=0.02).
Conclusion
Patients with GU SCC had a poor prognosis, even those with localized disease. The tumor immune phenotypes were significantly associated with survival. This finding provides new insights for treating GU SCC.
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Oncological Outcomes in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Enzalutamide with versus without Confirmatory Bone Scan
Chang Wook Jeong, Jang Hee Han, Dong Deuk Kwon, Jae Young Joung, Choung-Soo Kim, Hanjong Ahn, Jun Hyuk Hong, Tae-Hwan Kim, Byung Ha Chung, Seong Soo Jeon, Minyong Kang, Sung Kyu Hong, Tae Young Jung, Sung Woo Park, Seok Joong Yun, Ji Yeol Lee, Seung Hwan Lee, Seok Ho Kang, Cheol Kwak
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):634-641.   Published online December 5, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.848
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
In men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), new bone lesions are sometimes not properly categorized through a confirmatory bone scan, and clinical significance of the test itself remains unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the performance rate of confirmatory bone scans in a real-world setting and their prognostic impact in enzalutamide-treated mCRPC.
Materials and Methods
Patients who received oral enzalutamide for mCRPC during 2014-2017 at 14 tertiary centers in Korea were included. Patients lacking imaging assessment data or insufficient drug exposure were excluded. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included performance rate of confirmatory bone scans in a real-world setting. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed.
Results
Overall, 520 patients with mCRPC were enrolled (240 [26.2%] chemotherapy-naïve and 280 [53.2%] after chemotherapy). Among 352 responders, 92 patients (26.1%) showed new bone lesions in their early bone scan. Confirmatory bone scan was performed in 41 patients (44.6%), and it was associated with prolonged OS in the entire population (median, 30.9 vs. 19.7 months; p < 0.001), as well as in the chemotherapy-naïve (median, 47.2 vs. 20.5 months; p=0.011) and post-chemotherapy sub-groups (median, 25.5 vs. 18.0 months; p=0.006). Multivariate Cox regression showed that confirmatory bone scan performance was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.69; p=0.002).
Conclusion
Confirmatory bone scan performance was associated with prolonged OS. Thus, the premature discontinuation of enzalutamide without confirmatory bone scans should be discouraged.

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  • ECM-mimicking hydrogel models of human adipose tissue identify deregulated lipid metabolism in the prostate cancer-adipocyte crosstalk under antiandrogen therapy
    Agathe Bessot, Joan Röhl, Maria Emmerich, Anton Klotz, Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran, Christoph Meinert, David Waugh, Jacqui McGovern, Jenni Gunter, Nathalie Bock
    Materials Today Bio.2025; 30: 101424.     CrossRef
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Pediatric cancer
Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy Increases the Risk of Secondary Malignant Neoplasm in Pediatric Solid Tumors
Hana Lim, Minji Im, Eun Seop Seo, Hee Won Cho, Hee Young Ju, Keon Hee Yoo, Sung Yoon Cho, Jong-Won Kim, Do Hoon Lim, Ki Woong Sung, Ji Won Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):642-651.   Published online November 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.999
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for secondary malignant neoplasms (SMN) in pediatric solid tumors, focusing on the effects of tandem high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT).
Materials and Methods
Patients (aged < 19 years) diagnosed with or treated for pediatric solid tumors between 1994 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The cumulative incidence of SMN was estimated using competing risk methods by considering death as a competing risk.
Results
A total of 1,435 patients (413 with brain tumors and 1,022 with extracranial solid tumors) were enrolled. Seventy-one patients developed 74 SMNs, with a 10-year and 20-year cumulative incidence of 2.680±0.002% and 10.193±0.024%, respectively. The types of SMN included carcinoma in 28 (37.8%), sarcoma in 24 (32.4%), and hematologic malignancy in 15 (20.3%) cases. Osteosarcoma and thyroid carcinoma were the most frequently diagnosed tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that radiotherapy (RT) > 2, 340 cGy, and tandem HDCT were significant risk factors for SMN development. The SMN types varied according to the primary tumor type; carcinoma was the most frequent SMN in brain tumors and neuroblastoma, whereas hematologic malignancy and sarcomas developed more frequently in patients with sarcoma and retinoblastoma, respectively.
Conclusion
The cumulative incidence of SMN in pediatric patients with solid tumors was considerably high, especially in patients who underwent tandem HDCT or in those who received RT > 2,340 cGy. Therefore, the treatment intensity should be optimized based on individual risk assessment and the long-term follow-up of pediatric cancer survivors.

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  • Rising Prevalence of Low-Frequency PPM1D Gene Mutations after Second HDCT in Multiple Myeloma
    Katja Seipel, Nuria Z. Veglio, Henning Nilius, Barbara Jeker, Ulrike Bacher, Thomas Pabst
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(8): 8197.     CrossRef
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Long-term Outcomes of Protocol-Based Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Medulloblastoma
Won Kee Ahn, Seung Min Hahn, Hong In Yoon, Jeongshim Lee, Eun Kyung Park, Kyu Won Shim, Dong Seok Kim, Chang-Ok Suh, Se Hoon Kim, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Jung Woo Han
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):652-664.   Published online November 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.865
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The Korean Society of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (KSPNO) conducted treatment strategies for children with medulloblastoma (MB) by using alkylating agents for maintenance chemotherapy or tandem high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) according to the risk stratification. The purpose of the study was to assess treatment outcomes and complications based on risk-adapted treatment and HDC.
Materials and Methods
Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with MB were enrolled in this study. Patients in the standard-risk (SR) group received radiotherapy (RT) after surgery and chemotherapy using the KSPNO M051 regimen. Patients in the high-risk (HR) group received two and four chemotherapy cycles according to the KSPNO S081 protocol before and after reduced RT for age following surgery and two cycles of tandem HDC with ASCR consolidation treatment.
Results
In the SR group, 24 patients showed 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) estimates of 86.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.6 to 100) and 95.8% (95% CI, 88.2 to 100), respectively. In the HR group, more infectious complications and mortality occurred during the second HDC than during the first. In the HR group, the 5-year EFS and OS estimates were 65.5% (95% CI, 51.4 to 83.4) and 72.3% (95% CI, 58.4 to 89.6), respectively.
Conclusion
High intensity of alkylating agents for SR resulted in similar outcomes but with a high incidence of hematologic toxicity. Tandem HDC with ASCR for HR induced favorable EFS and OS estimates compared to those reported previously. However, infectious complications and treatment-related mortalities suggest that a reduced chemotherapy dose is necessary, especially for the second HDC.

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  • Ferroptosis Transcriptional Regulation and Prognostic Impact in Medulloblastoma Subtypes Revealed by RNA-Seq
    Christophe Desterke, Yuanji Fu, Jenny Bonifacio-Mundaca, Claudia Monge, Pascal Pineau, Jorge Mata-Garrido, Raquel Francés
    Antioxidants.2025; 14(1): 96.     CrossRef
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Sarcoma
Case Series of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients with Brain Metastasis with Implications from Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis
Changhee Park, Rokhyun Kim, Jaeyong Choi, Miso Kim, Tae Min Kim, Ilkyu Han, Jong-Il Kim, Han-Soo Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):665-674.   Published online September 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.864
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Brain metastasis rarely occurs in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Here, we present five cases of STS with brain metastases with genetic profiles.
Materials and Methods
We included five patients from Seoul National University Hospital who were diagnosed with STS with metastasis to the brain. Tissue from the brain metastasis along with that from the primary site or other metastases were used for DNA and RNA sequencing to identify genetic profiles. Gene expression profiles were compared with sarcoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas.
Results
The overall survival after diagnosis of brain metastasis ranged from 2.2 to 34.3 months. Comparison of mutational profiles between brain metastases and matched primary or other metastatic samples showed similar profiles. In two patients, copy number variation profiles between brain metastasis and other tumors showed several differences including MYCL, JUN, MYC, and DDR2 amplification. Gene ontology analysis showed that the group of genes significantly highly expressed in the brain metastasis samples was enriched in the G-protein coupled receptor activity, structural constituent of chromatin, protein heterodimerization activity, and binding of DNA, RNA, and protein. Gene set enrichment analysis showed enrichment in the pathway of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Conclusion
The five patients had variable ranges of clinical courses and outcomes. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of STS with brain metastasis implicates possible involvement of complex expression modification and epigenetic changes rather than the addition of single driver gene alteration.
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Hematologic malignancy
A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Bortezomib in Combination with Thalidomide in Treatment-Naïve Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Patients
Ja Min Byun, Junghoon Shin, Sang-A Kim, Hyunkyung Park, Jiyun Lee, Dong-Yeop Shin, Junshik Hong, Jeong-Ok Lee, Soo-Mee Bang, Inho Kim, Sung-Soon Yoon, Youngil Koh
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):675-680.   Published online September 25, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.681
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Despite the recent success of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors for the treatment of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), their indefinite treatment duration ultimately tantamount to substantial financial and emotional burden. On the other hand, fixed duration of proteasome inhibitors (PI) have shown rapid and reasonable response in WM treatment. Despite the well-known synergism between PI and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD), there is no trials evaluating such combination in WM.
Materials and Methods
Based on above, we designed this phase II study to investigate the efficacy and safety of 6 cycles of 28-day bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTD) regimen for treatment-naïve WM.
Results
A total of 15 patients were enrolled: major response rate was 64.3%, and overall response rate was 78.6%. During the median follow-up of 41 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 13 months and overall survival 40 months. For responders, median duration of response was 13 months and median PFS 19 months. The most common adverse event (AE) of any grade was constipation (57.1%). The most common grade ≥ 3 AE was anemia (21.4%).
Conclusion
All in all, we hereby provide proof-of-concept that PI + IMiD may be an attractive backbone for fixed duration treatment. It should be noted that granting the same level of access to newer drugs globally is virtually impossible. Thus efforts to develop regimens using readily available drugs to yield similar or adequate treatment outcomes should not be disregarded. In this sense, we believe our study holds its place for its novelty and eloquently addresses achieving the daunting societal quest of health equity.
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