Cancer Research and Treatment

Volume 55(2); April 2023

Review Articles

Clinical Circulating Tumor DNA Testing for Precision Oncology: Hyunji Kim, Kyoung Un Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):351-366.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1026

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is the portion of the cell-free DNA in the blood of cancer patients released from tumor cells via apoptosis, necrosis, or active release. From 10 mL of blood, the 4-5 mL of plasma obtained from a cancer patient contains 5-10 ng/mL of ctDNA. The plasma contains not only ctDNA of tumor origin, but also DNA from normal cells or clonal hematopoiesis. Another characteristic of ctDNA is its rapid clearance from circulation; it has a half-life of 16 minutes to 2.5 hours. Obtaining reliable results from ctDNA requires the application and approval of standardized clinical validation guidelines; however, the status of numerous ctDNA tests currently varies. The clinical use of ctDNA testing should be carefully considered based on the test’s specific needs and characteristics. Here we provide the different characteristics of ctDNA tests and information regarding their validation and approval status.

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From Detection to Cure – Emerging Roles for Urinary Tumor DNA (utDNA) in Bladder Cancer
Joshua A. Linscott, Hiroko Miyagi, Prithvi B. Murthy, Sijie Yao, G. Daniel Grass, Aram Vosoughi, Hongzhi Xu, Xuefeng Wang, Xiaoqing Yu, Alice Yu, Logan Zemp, Scott M. Gilbert, Michael A. Poch, Wade J. Sexton, Philippe E. Spiess, Roger Li
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Utilizing Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA Sequencing for Precision Medicine in the Management of Solid Cancers: Yongjun Cha, Sheehyun Kim, Sae-Won Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):367-384.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.446

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing has demonstrated clinical utility for tumor molecular profiling at initial diagnosis or tumor progression in advanced solid cancers and is being rapidly incorporated into the clinical practice guidelines, including non–small cell lung and breast cancer. Despite relatively low sensitivity, plasma ctDNA sequencing has several advantages over tissue-based assays, including ease of sampling, rapid turnaround time, repeatability, and the ability to overcome spatial heterogeneity, which makes it ideal for investigating acquired resistance and monitoring tumor evolution and dynamics. With technological advancement and declining costs, the clinical application of plasma ctDNA is expanding, and numerous ongoing clinical trials are examining its potential to guide the management of advanced, localized, and even preclinical cancers of various tumor types. The ability of plasma ctDNA analysis to detect minimal residual disease following curative treatment in the absence of clinical disease is among its most promising attributes. Plasma ctDNA sequencing can also facilitate the conduct of clinical trials and drug development, particularly in immunotherapy. In order to incorporate plasma ctDNA sequencing for clinical decision-making, it is important to understand the preanalytical and analytical factors that may affect its sensitivity and reliability.

Citations

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Longitudinal monitoring of circulating tumor DNA to detect relapse early and predict outcome in early breast cancer
Isaac Garcia-Murillas, Rosalind J. Cutts, Giselle Walsh-Crestani, Edward Phillips, Sarah Hrebien, Kathryn Dunne, Kally Sidhu, Robert Daber, Benjamin Hubert, Chiharu Graybill, Peter M. DeFord, David J. Wooten, Jianhua Zhao, Rachel E. Ellsworth, Stephen R.
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Cancers.2024; 16(14): 2505. CrossRef
Clinical practice recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing in patients with solid cancer: a joint report from KSMO and KSP
Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(4): 147. CrossRef
Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Solid Cancer: A Joint Report from KSMO and KSP
Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun
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Special Articles

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2020: Mee Joo Kang, Kyu-Won Jung, So Hyun Bang, Seo Hyun Choi, Eun Hye Park, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries*; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):385-399.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.447

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2020.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2020, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2021. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
The number of new cancer diagnoses in 2020 decreased by 9,218 cases (3.6%) compared to 2019. In 2020, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 247,952 (age-standardized rate [ASR], 262.2 per 100,000) and 82,204 (ASR, 69.9 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.0% annually from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by nonsignificant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years. The 5-year relative survival between 2016 and 2020 was 71.5%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2.2 million in 2020.
Conclusion
In 2020, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients decreased due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, but the overall trend is on the rise. Cancer survival rates have improved over the past decades. As the number of cancer survivors increases, a comprehensive cancer control strategy should be implemented in line with the changing aspects of cancer statistics. The long-term impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on cancer statistics needs to be investigated in the future.

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Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2023: Kyu-Won Jung, Mee Joo Kang, Eun Hye Park, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):400-407.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.448

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2023 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2020 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2021 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2023. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend.
Results
In total, 273,076 new cancer cases and 81,818 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2023. The most common cancer site is expected to be the lung, followed by the thyroid, breast, colon and rectum, and stomach. These five cancers are expected to represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer leading to death is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and gallbladder cancers.
Conclusion
The incidence rates for all types of cancer in Korea are estimated to gradually decrease. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

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Original Articles

General

Trends and Patterns of Cancer Burdens by Region and Income Level in Korea: A National Representative Big Data Analysis: Yoon-Sun Jung, Seok-Jun Yoon; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):408-418. Published online September 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.126

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to elucidate the trends and characteristics of the cancer burden in Korea by cancer site, region, and income level.
Materials and Methods
Korean National Burden of Disease research methodology was applied to measure the cancer burden in Korea from 2008 to 2018. The cause of death and national health insurance claims data were obtained from Statistics Korea and the National Health Insurance Service, respectively. An incidence-based approach was applied to calculate the disability-adjusted life-years, which is a summary measure of population health.
Results
In the past decade, the cancer burden in Korea increased from 2,088 to 2,457 person-years per 100,000 population. Among the cancer burden, the years of life lost decreased, and the years lived with disabilities increased. Cancers of the trachea, bronchus, and lung had the highest disease burden, followed by those of the stomach, colon and rectum, liver, and breast.
Conclusion
The findings of this study can provide valuable quantitative data for prioritizing and evaluating cancer prevention strategies and implementing cancer policies. Estimating the difference in cancer burden according to region and income level within a country can yield useful data to understand the nature of the cancer burden and scale of the problem. In addition, the results of this study provide a better understanding of the causes of cancer patterns, thereby generating new hypotheses regarding its pathogenesis.

Citations

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Urban versus rural disparities in amenity proximity and housing price: the case of integrated urban–rural city, Sejong, South Korea
Jiyeon Shin, Galen D. Newman, Yunmi Park
Journal of Housing and the Built Environment.2024; 39(2): 727. CrossRef
Trends of Gaps Between Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy at the Regional Level in Korea Using a Group-Based Multi-Trajectory Modeling Approach (2008–2019)
Chung-Nyun Kim, Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Minsu Ock, Dal-Lae Jin, Seok-Jun Yoon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Korean National Burden of Disease: The Importance of Diabetes Management
Chung-Nyun Kim, Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Minsu Ock, Seok-Jun Yoon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 518. CrossRef
Incidence disparities of obstructive sleep apnea-associated lung cancer by gender; Korean National Health Insurance data analysis
Marn Joon Park, Kyung-Do Han, Jae Hoon Cho, Ji Ho Choi
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Testicular Cancer Incidence among Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Patients: South Korean National Health Insurance Data
Marn Joon Park, Kyung-Do Han, Jae Hoon Cho, Ji Ho Choi
Cancers.2023; 15(13): 3273. CrossRef

4,670 View
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5 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Effectiveness of Self-Assessment, TAilored Information, and Lifestyle Management for Cancer Patients’ Returning to Work (START): A Multi-center, Randomized Controlled Trial: Danbee Kang, Ka Ryeong Bae, Yeojin Ahn, Nayeon Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Jeong Eon Lee, Se Kyung Lee, Young Mog Shim, Dong Hyun Sinn, Seung Yeop Oh, Mison Chun, Jaesung Heo, Juhee Cho; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):419-428. Published online November 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.939

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We developed a comprehensive return to work (RTW) intervention covering physical, psycho-social and practical issues for patients newly diagnosed and evaluated its efficacy in terms of RTW.
Materials and Methods
A multi-center randomized controlled trial was done to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention conducted at two university-based cancer centers in Korea. The intervention program comprised educational material at diagnosis, a face-to-face educational session at completion of active treatment, and three individualized telephone counseling sessions. The control group received other education at enrollment.
Results
At 1-month post-intervention (T2), the intervention group was more likely to be working compared to the control group after controlling working status at diagnosis (65.4% vs. 55.9%, p=0.037). Among patients who did not work at baseline, the intervention group was 1.99-times more likely to be working at T2. The mean of knowledge score was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (7.4 vs. 6.8, p=0.029). At the 1-year follow-up, the intervention group was 65% (95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 3.48) more likely to have higher odds for having work.
Conclusion
The intervention improved work-related knowledge and was effective in facilitating cancer patients’ RTW.

Citations

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Supporting Life Adjustment in Patients With Lung Cancer Through a Comprehensive Care Program: Protocol for a Controlled Before-and-After Trial
Wonyoung Jung, Alice Ahn, Genehee Lee, Sunga Kong, Danbee Kang, Dongok Lee, Tae Eun Kim, Young Mog Shim, Hong Kwan Kim, Jongho Cho, Juhee Cho, Dong Wook Shin
JMIR Research Protocols.2024; 13: e54707. CrossRef
A visualized and bibliometric analysis of cancer vocational rehabilitation research using CiteSpace
Zebing Luo, Xuejia Liu, Chujun Chen
Work.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Psychosocial Adjustment Experiences Among Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Survivors
Jie Jiang, Ming-Hui Yan, Yu-Ying Fan, Jun-E Zhang
Cancer Nursing.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

4,714 View
143 Download
2 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Validation and Clinical Application of ONCOaccuPanel for Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of Solid Tumors: Moonsik Kim, Changseon Lee, Juyeon Hong, Juhee Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Nora Jee-Young Park, Ji-Eun Kim, Ji Young Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):429-441. Published online November 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.891

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used for simultaneously detecting clinically informative genetic alterations in a single assay. Its application in clinical settings requires the validation of NGS gene panels. In this study, we aimed to validate a targeted hybridization capture-based DNA panel (ONCOaccuPanel) using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The panel allows the simultaneous detection of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertions, deletions, and copy number changes of 323 genes and fusions of 17 genes in solid tumors.
Materials and Methods
We used 16 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples with previously known genetic mutations and one reference material (HD827) for validation. Moreover, we sequenced an additional 117 FFPE tumor samples to demonstrate the clinical utility of this panel.
Results
Validation revealed a 100% positive percentage agreement and positive predictive value for the detection of SNVs, insertions, deletions, copy number changes, fusion genes, and microsatellite instability–high types. We observed high levels of reproducibility and repeatability (R2 correlation coefficients=0.96-0.98). In the limit of detection assessment, we identified all clinically relevant genes with allele frequencies > 3%. Furthermore, the clinical application of ONCOaccuPanel using 117 FFPE samples demonstrated robust detection of oncogenic alterations. Oncogenic alterations and targetable genetic alterations were detected in 98.2% and 27.4% cases, respectively.
Conclusion
ONCOaccuPanel demonstrated high analytical sensitivity, reproducibility, and repeatability and is feasible for the detection of clinically relevant mutations in clinical settings.

Citations

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Risk prediction criteria for the primary hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumour family, including angiomyolipoma: analysis of 132 cases with a literature review
Youngeun Yoo, Jihun Kim, In Hye Song
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In Hye Song, Bokyung Ahn, Young Soo Park, Deok Hoon Kim, Seung-Mo Hong
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(2): 492. CrossRef
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Juhun Lee, Seung Ho Song, In Hee Lee, Dong Ja Kim, Hyun Jung Lee
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Bérénice Chavanel, François Virard, Vincent Cahais, Claire Renard, Cécilia Sirand, Kim M. Smits, Leo J. Schouten, Béatrice Fervers, Barbara Charbotel, Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani, Michael Korenjak, Jiri Zavadil
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Jinahn Jeong, Deokhoon Kim, Yeon-Mi Ryu, Ja-Min Park, Sun Young Yoon, Bokyung Ahn, Gi Hwan Kim, Se Un Jeong, Hyun-Jung Sung, Yong Il Lee, Sang-Yeob Kim, Yong Mee Cho
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Sang Hyuk Lee, Tae Gyu Kim, Kyeong Hwa Ryu, Seok Hyun Kim, Young Zoon Kim
Biomedicines.2024; 12(10): 2256. CrossRef
Comparison of immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing results in oncogenic PTEN missense mutations
Moonsik Kim, Jinhee Kim, An Na Seo, Ji Yun Jeong, Nora Jee-Young Park, Gun Oh Chong, Dae Gy Hong, Ji Young Park
Pathology - Research and Practice.2023; 251: 154879. CrossRef
BRCA-mutated gastric adenocarcinomas are associated with chromosomal instability and responsiveness to platinum-based chemotherapy
Ji Hyun Oh, Chang Ohk Sung, Hyung-Don Kim, Sung-Min Chun, Jihun Kim
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Clinical Application of the Association between Genetic Alteration and Intraoperative Fluorescence Activity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid during the Resection of Brain Metastasis of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Hyeon Yeong Jeong, Won Jun Suh, Seung Hwan Kim, Taek Min Nam, Ji Hwan Jang, Kyu Hong Kim, Seok Hyun Kim, Young Zoon Kim
Cancers.2023; 16(1): 88. CrossRef

5,434 View
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Status of Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Patients with Cancer in Korea: an Online Survey of Online Cancer Support Groups (KCSG PC21-20): Jung Sun Kim, Jung Hye Kwon, Sun Young Rha, Sang-Cheol Lee, Yoon Jung Chang, In-Sun Kwon, Kyung Han You, Ho Young Yoon; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):442-451.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1483

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
An increasing number of patients with cancers are interested in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which lacks scientific evidence. This study aimed to determine how CAM was used and how media affected patients in online cancer support groups (OCSG).
Materials and Methods
Between August 18 and September 12, 2021, an online survey was conducted among the members of OCSG. The survey consisted of five parts: baseline characteristics, attitudes toward and experience with CAM, source of information and reliabilities, experience with anthelmintics, and online health information literacy and usage.
Results
Among the 644 responders, a total of 221 patients with cancer completed the survey, and 78.2% (173/221) used CAM. The users’ median age was 52 years; 46.8% were males, and 43.9% had metastatic disease. Fifty-three CAM users (30.6%) discussed their physicians about CAM. In addition, 16.2% (28/173) of CAM users had the experience of anthelmintics. The use of anthelmintics in patients with cancers was associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 0.95), metastatic disease (OR, 10.88; 95% CI, 3.39 to 34.86), previous exposure to CAM information (OR, 5.57; 95% CI, 1.01 to 30.72), experience with more types of CAM (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.29 to 3.05), and side effects (OR, 5.10; 95% CI 1.46 to 17.75).
Conclusion
Use of anthelmintics, a CAM of which information is widespread online, is affected by several factors. This study will provide essential information for developing a CAM management strategy in this digital age.

Citations

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Uso de medicina alternativa en pacientes oncológicos en la ciudad de Neiva (Colombia)
Nicolás Martínez-Ramos, Carolina Mariño, Laura Camila Olaya-SanMiguel, Raúl Murillo
Universitas Médica.2024; 65: 1. CrossRef
Factors associated with nursing practice for cancer patients using complementary and alternative medicine
Junko Kusunoki, Sumie Ikezaki, Tomoko Majima
Collegian.2023; 30(5): 668. CrossRef

4,753 View
151 Download
2 Web of Science
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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Cancer-Specific Sequences in the Diagnosis and Treatment of NUT Carcinoma: Mi-Sook Lee, Sungbin An, Ji-Young Song, Minjung Sung, Kyungsoo Jung, Eun Sol Chang, Juyoung Choi, Doo-Yi Oh, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hobin Yang, Chaithanya Lakshmi, Sehhoon Park, Joungho Han, Se-Hoon Lee, Yoon-La Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):452-467. Published online October 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.910

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
NUT carcinoma (NC) is a solid tumor caused by the rearrangement of NUTM1 that usually develops in midline structures, such as the thorax. No standard treatment has been established despite high lethality. Thus, we investigated whether targeting the junction region of NUTM1 fusion breakpoints could serve as a potential treatment option for NC.
Materials and Methods
We designed and evaluated a series of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the junction region of BRD4-NUTM1 fusion (B4N), the most common form of NUTM1 fusion. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction using the blood of patients was also tested to evaluate the treatment responses by the junction sequence of the B4N fusion transcripts.
Results
As expected, the majority of NC fusion types were B4N (12 of 18, 67%). B4N fusion-specific siRNA treatment on NC cells showed specific inhibitory effects on the B4N fusion transcript and fusion protein without affecting the endogenous expression of the parent genes, resulting in decreased relative cell growth and attenuation of tumor size. In addition, the fusion transcript levels in platelet-rich-plasma samples of the NC patients with systemic metastasis showed a negative correlation with therapeutic effect, suggesting its potential as a measure of treatment responsiveness.
Conclusion
This study suggests that tumor-specific sequences could be used to treat patients with fusion genes as part of precision medicine for a rare but deadly disease.

Citations

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Indirect targeting of MYC and direct targeting in combination with chemotherapies are more effective than direct mono-targeting in triple negative breast cancer
Negesse Mekonnen, Hobin Yang, Nirmal Rajasekaran, Kyoung Song, Yoon-La Choi, Young Kee Shin
Translational Oncology.2025; 51: 102204. CrossRef
Precision Targeting of BET Proteins - Navigating Disease Pathways, Inhibitor Insights, and Shaping Therapeutic Frontiers: A Comprehensive Review
Rakesh D. Amrutkar, Mehul V. Amesar, Lokesh B. Chavan, Nilesh S. Baviskar, Vaibhav G. Bhamare
Current Drug Targets.2025; 26(3): 147. CrossRef
NUT-midline carcinoma of the lung with rare BRD3-NUTM1 fusion
Prerana Jha, Vaishakhi Trivedi, Nandini Menon, Minit Shah, Irene A George, Rohit Mishra, Trupti Pai, Fuzail Ahmad, Venkataramanan Ramachandran, Vanita Noronha, Kumar Prabhash, Prashant Kumar
Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment.2024; 7(1): 110. CrossRef

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254 Download
2 Web of Science
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Optimal Definition of Oligometastasis Showing Survival Benefits of Local Therapies during Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment: Yoon Jung Jang, Dong-gon Hyun, Wonjun Ji, Chang-Min Choi, Shinkyo Yoon, Dae Ho Lee, Sang-We Kim, Jae Cheol Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):468-478. Published online November 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1342

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We aimed to investigate the feasibility of four criteria on oligometastasis (OM) concerning clear survival benefits of local therapy (LT) during tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods
This single-center, retrospective study included patients with advanced NSCLC who received LT because of OM during TKI treatment at Asan Medical Center from January 2011 to December 2020. At the application of LT OM was classified according to four criteria: TNM, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Group (EORTC-LCG), National Comprehensive Network (NCCN), and ORGAN. We compared survival outcomes between patients with and without OM.
Results
The median overall survival of the 117 patients included in the analysis was 70.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.6 to 85.1). The patients with OM meeting all four criteria (hazard ratio [HR] with 95% CI of TNM criteria 0.24 with 0.10-0.57; p=0.001, EORTC-LCG criteria 0.34 with 0.17-0.67; p=0.002, NCCN criteria 0.41 with 0.20-0.86; p=0.018 and ORGAN criteria 0.33 with 0.18-0.60; p < 0.001) had significantly longer survival compared with patients who did not after adjusting for confounding factors. Furthermore, increasing the number of extra-thoracic metastatic organs to two or more were independent predictive factors for worse survival outcomes (2 organs: HR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.01 to 12.14; p=0.048; 3 organs: HR, 4.31; 95% CI, 0.94 to 19.73; p=0.060; 4 organs: HR, 24.47; 95% CI, 5.08 to 117.80; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Patients with OM defined by all four criteria showed prognostic benefits from LT during TKI therapy.

Citations

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The patterns of systemic metastasis in major salivary gland cancer and therapeutic implications
Subi Oh, Younghac Kim, Hyojun Kim, Eunhye Kim, Sook-young Woo, Nayeon Choi, Junhun Cho, Dongryul Oh, Yong-Chan Ahn, Sehhoon Park, Myung-Ju Ahn, Han-Sin Jeong
Oral Oncology.2025; 164: 107258. CrossRef

4,572 View
117 Download
1 Crossref

The Role of Brain Radiotherapy before First-Line Afatinib Therapy, Compared to Gefitinib or Erlotinib, in Patients with EGFR-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Hyun Ae Jung, Sehhoon Park, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn, Jong-Mu Sun; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):479-487. Published online December 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1344

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Brain metastasis is common in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at initial presentation. A previous study showed that brain radiotherapy (RT) before first-generation (first-G) EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is associated with longer overall survival than TKI therapy alone. However, there is no data regarding the role of additional brain RT before afatinib therapy.
Materials and Methods
Between October 2014 and June 2019, EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with brain metastases who started first-G EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib or erlotinib) or afatinib as first-line therapy were retrospectively analyzed. This study compared overall survival and intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) between patients who received EGFR-TKIs alone and EGFR-TKIs with brain RT and either a first-G EGFR-TKI or afatinib, respectively.
Results
The median follow-up duration was 29.6 months (range, 1.5 to 116.9 months). In the first-G EGFR-TKI group (n=155), 94 patients (60.6%) received the first-G EGFR-TKI alone and 61 patients (39.4%) received brain RT prior to their first-G EGFR-TKI. In the afatinib group (n=204), 126 patients (61.8%) received afatinib alone and 78 patients (38.2%) received brain RT prior to afatinib. There was no difference in overall survival rates between the groups with RT (35.6 months: 95% confidence interval [CI], 27.9 to 43.3) and without RT (31.4 months: 95% CI, 23.9 to 38.9) in the afatinib group (p=0.58), but there was a significant difference in overall survival in the first-G EGFR-TKI group in a manner favoring additional brain RT (41.1 months: 95% CI, 30.5 to 51.7 vs. 25.8 months: 95% CI, 20.1 to 31.5; p=0.02). Meanwhile, median intracranial PFS was not different between patients who received EGFR-TKI therapy alone vs. EGFR-TKI therapy with brain RT in both the first-G EGFR-TKI (p=0.39) and afatinib (p=0.24) groups.
Conclusion
Afatinib therapy alone showed comparable survival outcomes to those of afatinib with brain RT. The current study suggests that brain RT could be an optional, not mandatory, treatment modality when afatinib therapy is considered in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

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Integrated single cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyses reveal the impact of tryptophan metabolism on prognosis and immunotherapy in colon cancer
Yanyan Hu, Ximo Xu, Hao Zhong, Chengshen Ding, Sen zhang, Wei Qin, Enkui Zhang, Duohuo Shu, Mengqin Yu, Naijipu Abuduaini, Xiao Yang, Bo Feng, Jianwen Li
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Francesca Grassi, Vincenza Granata, Roberta Fusco, Federica De Muzio, Carmen Cutolo, Michela Gabelloni, Alessandra Borgheresi, Ginevra Danti, Carmine Picone, Andrea Giovagnoni, Vittorio Miele, Nicoletta Gandolfo, Antonio Barile, Valerio Nardone, Roberta G
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(4): 1442. CrossRef
Dacomitinib in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastasis: a single-arm, phase II study
H.A. Jung, S. Park, S.-H. Lee, J.S. Ahn, M.-J. Ahn, J.-M. Sun
ESMO Open.2023; 8(6): 102068. CrossRef
Recent advances progress of targeted drugs combined with radiotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a review
Jiamin Xu, Zhongming Wang
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Real World Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of HER2-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing: Beung-Chul Ahn, Ye-Jeong Han, Hye Ryun Kim, Min Hee Hong, Byoung Chul Cho, Sun Min Lim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):488-497. Published online November 9, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.359

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutations and to evaluate response to standard treatment and HER2-targeted agents.
Materials and Methods
Using tissue and/or blood next-generation sequencing, we identified 44 patients with NSCLC harboring HER2 mutations who were treated at Severance Hospital between December 2016 and February 2021. Clinical data, including patient characteristics, mutation status, incidence of metastasis for distant lesions, and response to chemotherapy, were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
The median age was 58 years, and 61% of the patients were female. Most patients (64%) were never-smokers. Adenocarcinoma was the most predominant subtype (98%). A total of 66% of the patients had extrathoracic metastatic lesions, and 32% had intracranial lesions at initial presentation. The median time to the development of brain metastasis was 15.6 months (range, 2.4 to 43.7). The most common type of HER2 mutation was 12 base pair in-frame insertion in exon 20, A775_G776insYVMA. Of the 44 patients, two had concomitant driver mutations, one with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (V769M), and one with BRAF mutation (V600E). Patients treated with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy (75%) had an overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) of 30% and 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9 to 12.7), respectively. The ORR and PFS of HER2-targeted agent treated patients (14%) were 0.0% and 1.9 months (95% CI, 0.1 to 2.8), respectively.
Conclusion
Given its distinct characteristics and treatment responses, novel treatment strategies for HER2-mutant NSCLC should be developed promptly to improve survival outcomes of patients.

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Targeted therapy for older patients with an oncogene driven non-small cell lung cancer: Recommendations from a SIOG expert group
L. Decoster, D.R. Camidge, J.A. Fletcher, A. Addeo, A. Greystoke, K. Kantilal, L.Bigay Game, R. Kanesvaran, F. Gomes
Lung Cancer.2025; 200: 108087. CrossRef
HER2-Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Zongertinib (BI 1810631), in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors With HER2 Alterations: A Phase Ia Dose-Escalation Study
John V. Heymach, Frans Opdam, Minal Barve, Hai-Yan Tu, Yi-Long Wu, David Berz, Lukas Schröter, Yanick Botilde, Behbood Sadrolhefazi, Josep Serra, Kiyotaka Yoh, Noboru Yamamoto
Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025; 43(11): 1337. CrossRef
Targeting HER2 in lung cancers: Evolving treatment landscape and drug development strategies
Daniel Reinhorn, Mor Moskovitz, William D. Tap, Bob T. Li
Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic factors in non-metastatic HER2 ‘low’ and HER2 ‘negative’ breast cancer: single institute experience
Alper Türkel, Mutlu Doğan, Elif Sertesen, Cengiz Karaçin, Sultan Çiğdem Irkkan, Öztürk Ateş
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift.2024; 136(11-12): 340. CrossRef
Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics of HER2 (ERBB2)-Altered Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Implications for Precision Medicine
Yurimi Lee, Boram Lee, Yoon-La Choi, Dong-Wook Kang, Joungho Han
Modern Pathology.2024; 37(6): 100490. CrossRef
Current status and breakthroughs in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations
Meng Hu, Congying Zhong, Jiabing Wang, JinQin Chen, Tao Zhou
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have rare oncogenic driver mutations: a retrospective analysis
Teppei Yamaguchi, Junichi Shimizu, Reiko Matsuzawa, Naohiro Watanabe, Yoshitsugu Horio, Yutaka Fujiwara
BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Antibody–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Central Nervous System Metastases
David J. H. Bian, Sara F. Cohen, Anna-Maria Lazaratos, Nathaniel Bouganim, Matthew Dankner
Current Oncology.2024; 31(10): 6314. CrossRef
Real-World Clinical Outcomes for Patients with EGFR and HER2 Exon 20 Insertion-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Kelly Li, Ian Bosdet, Stephen Yip, Cheryl Ho, Janessa Laskin, Barbara Melosky, Ying Wang, Sophie Sun
Current Oncology.2023; 30(8): 7099. CrossRef

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EGFR Mutation–Positive Unresectable Stage III Non-Squamous Lung Cancer Is Associated with a High Incidence of Brain Metastasis: Hongsik Kim, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):498-505. Published online October 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.388

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes and recurrence patterns after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with unresectable stage III non-squamous-cell lung cancer according to EGFR mutation status.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 604 patients with pathologically confirmed stage III NSCLC who were treated with definitive CRT and were examined for EGFR mutation at Samsung Medical Center, Korea, from January 2013 to December 2018. Among them, we identified 236 patients with stage III non-squamous-cell lung cancer who were treated with definitive CRT and were examined for EGFR mutation status. We analyzed the frequency of EGFR mutation, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and recurrence pattern.
Results
Among 236 patients, EGFR mutation was detected in 71 patients (30.1%) and the median follow-up duration was 41.7 months. There were no significant differences in PFS (9.9 vs. 10.9 months, p=0.236), and ORR to CRT (93.0% vs. 90.3%, p=0.623) according to EGFR mutation status. However, the EGFR mutant group showed significantly higher recurrence (88.7% vs. 75.2%, p=0.022), distant metastasis (76.1% vs. 61.2%, p=0.036) rates, especially brain (38.0% vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001), and better median OS (59.2 vs. 41.3 months, p=0.037) compared with patients without EGFR mutation.
Conclusion
Patients with EGFR mutation–positive unresectable stage III non-squamous lung cancer exhibited higher recurrence and distant metastasis rates, especially brain metastasis.

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TFAP2A facilitates the metastasis and radioresistance of esophageal cancer by promoting EGFR transcription
Jinjin Yuan, Junqi Liu, Ruitai Fai, Zongwen Liu
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Factors in Postoperative Brain Metastases Derive From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Haibin Chen, Liang Sun, Zhi Yang, Yuanyuan Qu, Nanyang Tong, Caixing Sun, Liang Xia
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Brain metastasis screening in the molecular age
Joanna K Tabor, Amanda Onoichenco, Vinayak Narayan, A Gabriella Wernicke, Randy S D’Amico, Morana Vojnic
Neuro-Oncology Advances.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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The Additive Impact of Transbronchial Cryobiopsy Using a 1.1-mm Diameter Cryoprobe on Conventional Biopsy for Peripheral Lung Nodules: Soo Han Kim, Jeongha Mok, Eun-Jung Jo, Mi-Hyun Kim, Kwangha Lee, Ki Uk Kim, Hye-Kyung Park, Min Ki Lee, Jung Seop Eom; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):506-512. Published online November 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1008

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The diagnostic yield of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) using radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) is 71%, which is lower than that of transthoracic needle biopsy. We investigated the performance and safety of sequential transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBC) using a novel 1.1-mm diameter cryoprobe, after conventional TBB using RP-EBUS for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions (PLLs).
Materials and Methods
From April 2021 to November 2021, 110 patients who underwent bronchoscopy using RP-EBUS for the diagnosis of PLL ≤ 30 mm were retrospectively included in our study. All records were followed until June 2022.
Results
The overall diagnostic yield of combined TBB and TBC was 79.1%, which was higher than 60.9% of TBB alone (p=0.005). The diagnostic yield of sequential TBC was 65.5%, which increased the overall diagnostic yield by 18.2%. The surface area of tissues by TBC (mean area, 18.5 mm²) was significantly larger than those of TBB by 1.5-mm forceps (3.4 mm², p < 0.001) and 1.9-mm forceps (3.7 mm², p=0.011). In the multivariate analysis, PLLs with the longest diameter of ≤ 22 mm were found to be related to additional diagnostic benefits from sequential TBC (odds ratio, 3.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.043 to 11.775; p=0.042). Complications were found in 10.5% of the patients: pneumothorax (1.0%), infection (1.0%), and significant bleeding (8.6%). None of the patients developed any life-threatening complications.
Conclusion
Sequential TBC with a 1.1-mm cryoprobe improved the performance of conventional TBB using RP-EBUS without serious complications.

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Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions. A narrative review
Y. Tang, S. Tian, H. Chen, X. Li, X. Pu, X. Zhang, Y. Zheng, Y. Li, H. Huang, C. Bai
Pulmonology.2024; 30(5): 475. CrossRef
Transbronchial Tumor Ablation
Russell Miller, George Cheng
Current Pulmonology Reports.2024; 13(1): 103. CrossRef
Using cryoprobes of different sizes combined with cone-beam computed tomography-derived augmented fluoroscopy and endobronchial ultrasound to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions: a propensity-matched study
Ching-Kai Lin, Sheng-Yuan Ruan, Hung-Jen Fan, Hao-Chun Chang, Yen-Ting Lin, Chao-Chi Ho
Respiratory Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Next‐generation sequencing using tissue specimen collected with a 1.1 mm‐diameter cryoprobe in patients with lung cancer
Mi‐Hyun Kim, Soo Han Kim, Geewon Lee, Jeongha Mok, Min Ki Lee, Ju Sun Song, Jung Seop Eom
Respirology.2024; 29(4): 333. CrossRef
Development of the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines: Recommendations on Radial Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound for Diagnosing Lung Cancer - An Updated Meta-Analysis
Soo Han Kim, Hyun Sung Chung, Jinmi Kim, Mi-Hyun Kim, Min Ki Lee, Insu Kim, Jung Seop Eom
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(2): 464. CrossRef
Navigational bronchoscopy with tranbronchial cryobiopsy in differential diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions
Ya.O. Chesalina, I.Yu. Shabalina, L.A. Semenova, I.V. Sivokozov
Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery.2024; (6): 36. CrossRef
Advanced Bronchoscopic Diagnostic Techniques in Lung Cancer
Dongil Park
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2024; 87(3): 282. CrossRef
Clinical utility of rapid on-site evaluation of brush cytology during bronchoscopy using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath
Kazuhiro Nishiyama, Kei Morikawa, Shotaro Kaneko, Makoto Nishida, Aya Matsushima, Yoshihiro Nishi, Yu Numata, Yusuke Shinozaki, Hajime Tsuruoka, Hirotaka Kida, Hiroshi Handa, Naoki Shimada, Chie Okawa, Nobuyuki Ohike, Junki Koike, Masamichi Mineshita
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Bronchial branch tracing navigation in ultrathin bronchoscopy-guided radial endobronchial ultrasound for peripheral pulmonary nodule
Sze Shyang Kho, Shirin Hui Tan, Swee Kim Chan, Chan Sin Chai, Siew Teck Tie
BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions: transbronchial biopsy using a radial probe endobronchial ultrasound
Jung Seop Eom
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(3): 166. CrossRef
Clinical outcomes of transbronchial cryobiopsy using a 1.1-mm diameter cryoprobe for peripheral lung lesions - A prospective pilot study
Soo Han Kim, Jeongha Mok, Saerom Kim, Wan Ho Yoo, Eun-Jung Jo, Mi-Hyun Kim, Kwangha Lee, Ki Uk Kim, Hye-Kyung Park, Min Ki Lee, Jung Seop Eom
Respiratory Medicine.2023; 217: 107338. CrossRef

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Breast cancer

Diagnostic Assessment of Deep Learning Algorithms for Frozen Tissue Section Analysis in Women with Breast Cancer: Young-Gon Kim, In Hye Song, Seung Yeon Cho, Sungchul Kim, Milim Kim, Soomin Ahn, Hyunna Lee, Dong Hyun Yang, Namkug Kim, Sungwan Kim, Taewoo Kim, Daeyoung Kim, Jonghyeon Choi, Ki-Sun Lee, Minuk Ma, Minki Jo, So Yeon Park, Gyungyub Gong; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):513-522. Published online September 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.055

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Assessing the metastasis status of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for hematoxylin and eosin–stained frozen tissue sections by pathologists is an essential but tedious and time-consuming task that contributes to accurate breast cancer staging. This study aimed to review a challenge competition (HeLP 2019) for the development of automated solutions for classifying the metastasis status of breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
A total of 524 digital slides were obtained from frozen SLN sections: 297 (56.7%) from Asan Medical Center (AMC) and 227 (43.4%) from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), South Korea. The slides were divided into training, development, and validation sets, where the development set comprised slides from both institutions and training and validation set included slides from only AMC and SNUBH, respectively. The algorithms were assessed for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and measurement of the longest metastatic tumor diameter. The final total scores were calculated as the mean of the two metrics, and the three teams with AUC values greater than 0.500 were selected for review and analysis in this study.
Results
The top three teams showed AUC values of 0.891, 0.809, and 0.736 and major axis prediction scores of 0.525, 0.459, and 0.387 for the validation set. The major factor that lowered the diagnostic accuracy was micro-metastasis.
Conclusion
In this challenge competition, accurate deep learning algorithms were developed that can be helpful for making a diagnosis on intraoperative SLN biopsy. The clinical utility of this approach was evaluated by including an external validation set from SNUBH.

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Detection of metastatic breast carcinoma in sentinel lymph node frozen sections using an artificial intelligence-assisted system
Chia-Ping Chang, Chih-Yi Hsu, Hsiang Sheng Wang, Peng-Chuna Feng, Wen-Yih Liang
Pathology - Research and Practice.2025; 267: 155836. CrossRef
Value of frozen section to tailor surgical staging in apparent early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer
Stefano Di Berardino, Nicolò Bizzarri, Marianna Ciancia, Francesca Moro, Belen Padial Urtueta, Claudia Marchetti, Gian Franco Zannoni, Giovanni Scambia, Anna Fagotti
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2025; : 101746. CrossRef
Comparing the diagnostic efficacy of optical coherence tomography and frozen section for margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery: a meta-analysis
Shishun Fan, Huirui Zhang, Zhenyu Meng, Ang Li, Yuqing Luo, Yueping Liu
Journal of Clinical Pathology.2024; 77(8): 517. CrossRef
Intraoperative Margin Assessment in Breast Conservation Surgery: A Necessity or a Luxury?
Srijan Shukla, Nisha Hariharan
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2023; 30(9): 5314. CrossRef

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A Phase II Trial of S-1 and Oxaliplatin in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated with Anthracycline and Taxane (KCSG-BR07-03): Dae-Won Lee, Bhumsuk Keam, Keun Seok Lee, Jin-Hee Ahn, Joohyuk Sohn, Jin Seok Ahn, Moon Hee Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Kyung Eun Lee, Hyo Jung Kim, Si-Young Kim, Yeon Hee Park, Chan-Young Ock, Kyung-Hun Lee, Sae-Won Han, Sung-Bae Kim, Young Hyuck Im, Hyun Cheol Chung, Do-Youn Oh, Seock-Ah Im; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):523-530. Published online November 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1360

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This single-arm phase II trial investigate the efficacy and safety of S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
Patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes were enrolled. Patients received S-1 (40-60 mg depending on patient’s body surface area, twice a day, day 1-14) and oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2, day 1) in 3 weeks cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor 1.1. Secondary endpoints included time-to-progression (TTP), duration-of-response (DoR), overall survival (OS), and adverse events.
Results
A total of 87 patients were enrolled from 11 institutions in Korea. Hormone receptor was positive in 54 (62.1%) patients and six (6.9%) had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive disease. Forty-eight patients (85.1%) had visceral metastasis and 74 (55.2%) had more than three sites of metastases. The ORR of SOX regimen was 38.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.9 to 50.0) with a median TTP of 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 6.9). Median DoR and OS were 10.3 months (95% CI, 5.5 to 15.1) and 19.4 (95% CI, not estimated) months, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in 28 patients (32.1%) and thrombocytopenia was observed in 23 patients (26.6%).
Conclusion
This phase II study showed that SOX regimen is a reasonable option in metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes.

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Unraveling the immune landscape and therapeutic biomarker PMEPA1 for oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer: A comprehensive approach
Zhengguang Zhang, Tianming Lu, Zhe Zhang, Zixian Liu, Ruoning Qian, Ruogu Qi, Fuqiong Zhou, Min Li
Biochemical Pharmacology.2024; 222: 116117. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of utidelone plus capecitabine in advanced first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer: A multicenter real-world study
Pingping Bi, Xi Wang, Rui Liu, Xiuqin Li, Shanrong Wei, Jiawen Zhao, Xin Tan, Fan Zhang, Qing Mao, Ying Zhang, Baoyan Tang, Xueqiong Xun, Rong Guo, Kai Zheng, Shaoqiang Zhou, Shicong Tang
Surgery Open Science.2023; 16: 171. CrossRef

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PIK3CA Mutation is Associated with Poor Response to HER2-Targeted Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients: Ju Won Kim, Ah Reum Lim, Ji Young You, Jung Hyun Lee, Sung Eun Song, Nam Kwon Lee, Seung Pil Jung, Kyu Ran Cho, Cheol Yong Kim, Kyong Hwa Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):531-541. Published online September 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.221

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Mutations in the PIK3CA gene occur frequently in breast cancer patients. Activating PIK3CA mutations confer resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted treatments. In this study, we investigated whether PIK3CA mutations were correlated with treatment response or duration in patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information of patients with HER2+ breast cancer who received HER2-targeted therapy for early-stage or metastatic cancers. The pathologic complete response (pCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival were compared between patients with wild-type PIK3CA (PIK3CAw) and those with mutated PIK3CA (PIK3CAm). Next-generation sequencing was combined with examination of PFS associated with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment.
Results
Data from 90 patients with HER2+ breast cancer were analyzed. Overall, 34 (37.8%) patients had pathogenic PIK3CA mutations. The pCR rate of the PIK3CAm group was lower than that of the PIK3CAw group among patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage cancer. In the metastatic setting, the PIK3CAm group showed a significantly shorter mean PFS (mPFS) with first-line anti-HER2 mAb. The mPFS of second-line T-DM1 was lower in the PIK3CAm group than that in the PIK3CAw group. Sequencing revealed differences in the mutational landscape between PIK3CAm and PIK3CAw tumors.
Conclusion
Patients with HER2+ breast cancer with activating PIK3CA mutations had lower pCR rates and shorter PFS with palliative HER2-targeted therapy than those with wild-type PIK3CA. Precise targeted-therapy is needed to improve survival of patients with HER2+/PIK3CAm breast cancer.

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Evolving concepts in HER2-low breast cancer: Genomic insights, definitions, and treatment paradigms
Whitney L. Hensing, Emily L. Podany, James J. Sears, Shaili Tapiavala, Andrew A. Davis
Oncotarget.2025; 16(1): 11. CrossRef
The Effect and Treatment of PIK3CA Mutations in Breast Cancer: Current Understanding and Future Directions
Young-Bin Cho, Kyoung-Sik Park
Medicina.2025; 61(3): 518. CrossRef
Safety and efficacy of pyrotinib for HER‑2‑positive breast cancer in the neoadjuvant setting: A systematic review and meta‑analysis
Qian Ma, Bai Wei, Bi-Cheng Wang, Ganxin Wang, Xuan Zhou, Yan Wang
Oncology Letters.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel PIK3CA hot-spot mutation in breast cancer patients detected by HRM-COLD-PCR analysis
Saoussen Debouki-Joudi, Wala Ben Kridis, Fatma Trifa, Wajdi Ayadi, Abdelmajid Khabir, Tahia Sellami-Boudawara, Jamel Daoud, Afef Khanfir, Raja Mokdad-Gargouri
Breast Disease.2024; 43(1): 213. CrossRef
Liquid Biopsy in the Clinical Management of Cancers
Ho-Yin Ho, Kei-See (Kasey) Chung, Chau-Ming Kan, Sze-Chuen (Cesar) Wong
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(16): 8594. CrossRef
Modeling the management of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer with liquid biopsy: the future of precision medicine
Eleonora Nicolò, Caterina Gianni, Giuseppe Curigliano, Carolina Reduzzi, Massimo Cristofanilli
Current Opinion in Oncology.2024; 36(6): 503. CrossRef
Current progress in chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer
Li Yin, Gui-lai Chen, Zhuo Xiang, Yu-lin Liu, Xing-yu Li, Jing-wang Bi, Qiang Wang
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2023; 162: 114648. CrossRef
Genomic analysis of plasma circulating tumor DNA in patients with heavily pretreated HER2 + metastatic breast cancer
Kyoungmin Lee, Jongwon Lee, Jungmin Choi, Sung Hoon Sim, Jeong Eun Kim, Min Hwan Kim, Yeon Hee Park, Jee Hyun Kim, Su-Jin Koh, Kyong Hwa Park, Myoung Joo Kang, Mi Sun Ahn, Kyoung Eun Lee, Hee-Jun Kim, Hee Kyung Ahn, Han Jo Kim, Keon Uk Park, In Hae Park
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of PIK3CA mutation with outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer treated with anti-HER2 therapy: A meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis of TCGA‑BRCA data
Haizhu Chen, Xingbin Hu, Daquan Wang, Ying Wang, Yunfang Yu, Herui Yao
Translational Oncology.2023; 37: 101738. CrossRef
Appraisal of Systemic Treatment Strategies in Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer—A Literature Review
Danilo Giffoni de Mello Morais Mata, Rania Chehade, Malek B. Hannouf, Jacques Raphael, Phillip Blanchette, Abdullah Al-Humiqani, Monali Ray
Cancers.2023; 15(17): 4336. CrossRef
The clinical significance of HER2 expression in DCIS
Ioanna Akrida, Francesk Mulita
Medical Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Androgen Receptor as a Predictive Marker for Pathologic Complete Response in Hormone Receptor–Positive and HER-2–Negative Breast Cancer with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Eun-Gyeong Lee, Dong-Eun Lee, Hyun hee Kim, Jai Hong Han, Seeyoun Lee, Han-Sung Kang, Eun Sook Lee, Heejung Chae, Sung Hoon Sim, Keun Seok Lee, Youngmee Kwon, So-Youn Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):542-550. Published online September 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.834

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study investigated pathological complete response (pCR) according to androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and estimated the relationship between AR expression and clinicopathological factors.
Materials and Methods
We identified 624 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the National Cancer Center in Goyang, Korea from April 2016 to October 2019. We retrospectively collected the clinicopathologic information and AR expression results and analyzed the data according to cancer stage, hormonal receptor (HR) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, tumor subtype, and pCR.
Results
Among the 624 breast cancer patients, 529 (84.8%) were AR-positive (AR+) patients and 95 (15.2%) were AR-negative (AR–) patients. AR+ patients showed more estrogen receptor (ER) positivity, progesterone receptor (PR) positivity, HER2-positivity, and HR-positive and HER2-negative (HR+/HER2–) subtype. The rate of pCR was 31.4% (196/624). AR– patients had a significantly higher rate of pCR than AR+ patients (AR– 43.2% vs. AR+ 29.3%, p=0.007). The tumor factors associated with pCR were early stage, histologic grade 3, ER-negative, PR-negative, AR-negative, HER2-positive, and high Ki-67 values. In univariable analysis, AR+ significantly decreased the state of pCR (odds ratio, 0.546; 95% confidence interval, 0.349 to 0.853; p=0.008). According to tumor subtype, AR– tumor showed higher pCR rate in HR+/HER2– subtype (AR– 28.6% vs. AR+ 7.3%, p=0.022).
Conclusion
AR expression is predominant in the HR+/HER2– subtype. AR– is significantly associated with the pCR rate in breast cancer patients, especially within HR+/HER2– subtype. When determining neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the HR+/HER2– subtype, AR expression can be considered as a pCR predictive marker.

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The prevalence and clinical significance of residual occult breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: reassessing surgical pathology in cases initially described as pathological complete response
Di Ai, Eliel N Arrey, Lauren M Postlewait, Yuan Gao, Xiaoxian Li
Histopathology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Neo-adjuvant therapies for ER positive/HER2 negative breast cancers: from chemotherapy to hormonal therapy, CDK inhibitors, and beyond
Athina Stravodimou, Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2024; 24(3-4): 117. CrossRef
Luminal androgen receptor subtype and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes groups based on triple-negative breast cancer molecular subclassification
Miseon Lee, Tae-Kyung Yoo, Byung Joo Chae, Ahwon Lee, Yoon Jin Cha, Jieun Lee, Sung Gwe Ahn, Jun Kang
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluating the Clinico-Pathological Relationship Between Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Androgen Receptor Expression Across Molecular Subtypes of Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Adil Aziz Khan, Sana Ahuja, Kiruthikasri G., Sufian Zaheer
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024; 15(4): 802. CrossRef
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Angelika M. Starzer, Anna S. Berghoff, Rupert Bartsch
memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology.2023; 16(1): 42. CrossRef
Evaluation of predictive and prognostic value of androgen receptor expression in breast cancer subtypes treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Zhendong Shi, Yingxue Liu, Shichao Zhang, Shuanglong Cai, Xu Liu, Jie Meng, Jin Zhang
Discover Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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177 Download
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Marked Reduction in the Risk of Dementia in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study: Jooyoung Oh, Hye Sun Lee, Soyoung Jeon, Jeong-Ho Seok, Tae-Kyung Yoo, Woo-Chan Park, Chang Ik Yoon; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):551-561. Published online October 19, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.272

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
An inverse relationship between cancer and neurodegenerative disease, which presents the possibility of a reduced risk of dementia in cancer patients, has been suggested previously. However, a nationwide longitudinal population-based study of specific types of cancer with due consideration of treatment effects has not been conducted.
Materials and Methods
This nationwide population-based cohort study used data obtained in a 12-year period (January 2007- December 2018) in the Korean National Health Insurance claims database. All female breast cancer patients (age ≥ 50 years) diagnosed between 2009 and 2010 were included after excluding those with physician visits for any cancer during a 2-year period (2007-2008). Patients with senile cataract constituted the control group. The main study outcome was the risk of developing dementia.
Results
From a total of 90,396 and 85,906 patients with breast cancer and cataract, respectively, patients without behavior codes were excluded. Data for 15,407 breast cancer patients and 7,020 controls were analyzed before matching. After matching for comorbidities and age, either group comprised 2,252 patients. The median follow-up time was 104.1±24.0 months after matching. After matching, breast cancer was a predictor of a lower risk of for dementia (hazard ratio, 0.091; 95% confidence interval, 0.075 to 0.111; p < 0.001). In breast cancer patients, receiving chemotherapy and endocrine therapy did not significantly affect the incidence of dementia.
Conclusion
Breast cancer was associated with a remarkably decreased risk of dementia. The findings strongly suggest an inverse relationship between cancer and neurodegeneration, regardless of the adverse effects of cancer treatment on cognitive function.

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Timing of risk factors, prodromal features, and comorbidities of dementia from a large health claims case–control study
Stefan Teipel, Manas Akmatov, Bernhard Michalowsky, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Jens Bohlken, Jakob Holstiege
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Bidirectional association between breast cancer and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Fuxing Bao, Liang Yu, Xiaolei Zhang, Qier Mu
PeerJ.2025; 13: e18888. CrossRef
Developing theragnostics for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from cancer treatment
Hyun-ju Lee, Hee-Jeong Choi, Yoo Joo Jeong, Yoon-Hee Na, Jin Tae Hong, Ji Min Han, Hyang-Sook Hoe, Key-Hwan Lim
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 269: 131925. CrossRef

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Retrospective Cohort Study on the Long-term Oncologic Outcomes of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Methods (Dye-Only versus Dye and Radioisotope Mapping) in Early Breast Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis: Changjin Lim, Eunhye Kang, Ji Gwang Jung, Jong-Ho Cheun, Hong-Kyu Kim, Han-Byoel Lee, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Wonshik Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):562-569. Published online September 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.871

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
In sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) during breast cancer surgery, SLN mapping using dye and isotope (DUAL) may have lower false-negative rates than the dye-only (DYE) method. However, the long-term outcomes of either method are unclear. We aimed to compare long-term oncological outcomes of DYE and DUAL for SLNB in early breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective single-institution cohort study included 5,795 patients (DYE, 2,323; DUAL, 3,472) with clinically node-negative breast cancer who underwent SLNB and no neoadjuvant therapy. Indigo carmine was used for the dye method and Tc99m-antimony trisulfate for the isotope. To compare long-term outcomes, pathologic N0 patients were selected from both groups, and propensity score matching (PSM), considering age, pT category, breast surgery, and adjuvant treatment, was performed (1,441 patients in each group).
Results
The median follow-up duration was 8.7 years. The median number of harvested sentinel nodes was 3.21 and 3.12 in the DYE and DUAL groups, respectively (p=0.112). The lymph node–positive rate was not significantly different between the two groups in subgroups of similar tumor sizes (p > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the mapping method was not significantly associated with the lymph node–positive rate (p=0.758). After PSM, the 5-year axillary recurrence rate (DYE 0.8% vs. DUAL 0.6%, p=0.096), and 5-year disease-free survival (DYE 93.9% vs. DUAL 93.7%, p=0.402) were similar between the two groups.
Conclusion
Dye alone for SLNB was not inferior to dual mapping regarding long-term oncological outcomes in early breast cancer.

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Quality Assessment and Trend for Breast Cancer Treatment Practice across South Korea Based on Nationwide Analysis of Korean Health Insurance Data during 2013-2017: Kyu Hye Choi, Soo-Yoon Sung, Sea-Won Lee, Ye Won Jeon, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):570-579. Published online December 5, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.882

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Quality assessment of breast cancer treatment in South Korea showed the upward standardization of the grade since 2013, but treatment disparities still have existed. This study analyzed the five year trend between 2013 and 2017 in the assessment of breast cancer treatment practice using the Korean health insurance data.
Materials and Methods
All the medical records including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for 7,354 patients a year on average were evaluated. Twenty indices were consisted of one structural, 17 process-related, and 2 result-related factors. We calculated the coefficient of variation (CV) annually to determine the variation in adherence rate of evaluation indices according to the type of institution (advanced vs. general hospital vs. clinic).
Results
Based on the initial assessment in 2013, 10 out of 20 indicators showed significant variation among the types of institutions with a CV of less than 0.1%. Six of them had a CV decline of less than 0.1%. The CV was still 0.1% or higher in the four indicators, including the composition of professional staff, the implementation of target therapy, the average length of hospital stay, and the hospitalization cost. Regarding the first-grade of assessment, there was a statistically significant relationship between the institution type (p=0.029) and region (metropolitan vs. province, p<0.001).
Conclusion
There were disparities in the structural and systemic treatment factors depending on the institutional type. The quality improvement of the regional institutions and multidisciplinary experts for breast cancer is necessary.

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Exploring the experiences of cancer patients: What drives them to seek treatment outside their residential area and what are the experiences resulting from that decision? A qualitative study
Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Haneul Lee, Minsu Ock, Ali Haider Mohammed
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0319650. CrossRef
Contrasting income-based inequalities in incidence and mortality of breast cancer in Korea, 2006-2015
Jinwook Bahk, Hee-Yeon Kang, Young-Ho Khang, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024074. CrossRef

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Epidemiology of Second Non-breast Primary Cancers among Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Korean Population–Based Study by the SMARTSHIP Group: Haeyoung Kim, Su SSan Kim, Ji Sung Lee, Jae Sun Yoon, Hyun Jo Youn, Hyukjai Shin, Jeong Eon Lee, Se Kyung Lee, Il Yong Chung, So-Youn Jung, Young Jin Choi, Jihyoung Cho, Sang Uk Woo, Korean Breast Cancer Society; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):580-591. Published online December 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.410

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and prognosis of second non-breast primary cancer (SNBPC) among Korean survivors of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service were searched to identify women who received curative surgery for initial breast cancer (IBC) between 2003 and 2008 (n=64,340). Among them, patients with the following characteristics were excluded: other cancer diagnosis before IBC (n=10,866), radiotherapy before IBC (n=349), absence of data on sex or age (n=371), or male (n=248). Accordingly, data of 52,506 women until December 2017 were analyzed. SNBPC was defined as a newly diagnosed SNBPC that occurred 5 years or more after IBC diagnosis.
Results
The median follow-up time of all patients was 12.13 years. SNBPC was developed in 3,084 (5.87%) women after a median of 7.61 years following IBC diagnosis. The 10-year incidence of SNBPC was 5.78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.56 to 6.00). Higher SNBPC incidence was found in survivors with the following factors: old age at IBC diagnosis, low household income, and receiving combined chemotherapy with endocrine therapy, whereas receiving radiotherapy was related to a lower incidence of SNBPC (hazard ratio, 0.89; p < 0.01). Among the patients with SNBPC, the 5-year survival rate was 62.28% (95% CI, 65.53 to 69.02).
Conclusion
Approximately 5% of breast cancer survivors developed SNBPC within 10 years after IBC diagnosis. The risk of SNBPC was associated with patient’s age at IBC diagnosis, income level, and a receipt of systemic treatments.

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Risk of second primary cancer in young breast cancer survivors: an important yet overlooked issue
Xinyi Liang, Yiwei Qin, Pengwei Li, You Mo, Dawei Chen
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecule subtypes play important roles for second primary malignancies development based on 324,661 breast cancer survivors
Jin Shi, Jian Liu, Guo Tian, Daojuan Li, Di Liang, Yutong He
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of radiotherapy for stage I–III breast cancer survivors and second primary malignant cancers: a population-based study
Jin Shi, Jian Liu, Guo Tian, Daojuan Li, Di Liang, Jun Wang, Yutong He
European Journal of Cancer Prevention.2024; 33(2): 115. CrossRef

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Impact of Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy on Breast Cancer Patients According to Pathologic Nodal Status after Modern Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Dowook Kim, Jin Ho Kim, In Ah Kim, Ji Hyun Chang, Kyung Hwan Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):592-602. Published online October 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.998

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The utility of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) for breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is highly controversial. This study evaluated the impact of PMRT according to pathologic nodal status after modern NAC.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 682 patients with clinical stage II-III breast cancer who underwent NAC and mastectomy from 2013 to 2017. In total, 596 patients (87.4%) received PMRT, and 86 (12.6%) did not. We investigated the relationships among locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and various prognostic factors. Subgroup analyses were also performed to identify patients who may benefit from PMRT.
Results
The median follow-up duration was 67 months. In ypN+ patients (n=368, 51.2%), PMRT showed significant benefits in terms of LRRFS, DFS, and OS (all p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, histologic grade (HG) III (p=0.002), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p=0.045), and ypN2-3 (p=0.02) were significant risk factors for poor LRRFS. In ypN1 patients with more than two prognostic factors among luminal/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2–negative subtype, HG I-II, and absence of LVI, PMRT had no significant effect on LRRFS (p=0.18). In ypN0 patients (n=351, 48.8%), PMRT was not significantly associated with LRRFS, DFS, or OS. However, PMRT showed better LRRFS in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients (p=0.03).
Conclusion
PMRT had a major impact on treatment outcomes in patients with residual lymph nodes following NAC and mastectomy. Among ypN0 patients, PMRT may be beneficial only for those with TNBC.

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Analysis of Individualized Silicone Rubber Bolus Using Fan Beam Computed Tomography in Postmastectomy Radiotherapy: A Dosimetric Evaluation and Skin Acute Radiation Dermatitis Survey
Xue-mei Chen, Chen-di Xu, Li-ping Zeng, Xiao-tong Huang, Ao-qiang Chen, Lu Liu, Liu-wen Lin, Le-cheng Jia, Hua Li, Xiao-bo Jiang
Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Does Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy Confer Survival Benefits on Patients With 1-3 Clinically Positive Lymph Nodes Rendered Pathologically Negative After Neoadjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy: Consensus from A Pooled Analysis?
Munaser Alamoodi
European Journal of Breast Health.2024; 20(2): 81. CrossRef
Oncological outcomes of stage I–II breast cancer treatment after subcutaneous/skin-sparing mastectomies with reconstruction
E. A. Rasskazova, A. D. Zikiryakhodzhaev
MD-Onco.2024; 4(3): 37. CrossRef
Effectiveness of mat pilates on fatigue in women with breast cancer submitted to adjuvant radiotherapy: randomized controlled clinical trial
Daniele Medeiros Torres, Kelly de Menezes Fireman, Erica Alves Nogueira Fabro, Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler, Rosalina Jorge Koifman, Anke Bergmann, Sabrina da Silva Santos
Supportive Care in Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients Who Become Clinically Node-Negative Following Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Literature Review
Giulia Ferrarazzo, Alberto Nieri, Emma Firpo, Andrea Rattaro, Alessandro Mignone, Flavio Guasone, Augusto Manzara, Giuseppe Perniciaro, Stefano Spinaci
Current Oncology.2023; 30(10): 8703. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Descriptive Analysis of Gastric Cancer Mortality in Korea, 2000-2020: Tung Hoang, Hyeongtaek Woo, Sooyoung Cho, Jeeyoo Lee, Sayada Zartasha Kazmi, Aesun Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):603-617. Published online September 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.307

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to examine secular trends, age-period-cohort effects, and geographical differences in gastric cancer (GC) mortality in Korea.
Materials and Methods
Using cause of death data from the Korean Statistical Information Service for GC from 2000 to 2020, we calculated average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in the age-standardized mortality of GC in 17 cities and provinces through joinpoint regression. Decomposition of age, period, and cohort effects on GC mortality were elucidated by applying a log-linear model and an intrinsic estimate method. Spatial patterns and the degree of spatial clustering in 250 administrative regions were explored via Moran’s I statistics. Stratification by sex was performed for all analyses.
Results
The age-standardized mortality of GC per 100,000 persons declined from 29.0 in 2000 to 7.9 in 2020 (AAPC, -6.28%). Age-period-cohort analyses of GC mortality showed a downward trend among five-year age groups from age 20-89 years across five-year periods from 2005-2020 and five-year birth cohorts from 1920-2000. Overall, the younger birth cohort showed lower mortality rates than the older cohort within the same period. In 2020, clusters of high GC mortality were observed in the central area for men (Chungcheongbuk, Jeollabuk, Gyeongsangbuk, and Gyeongsangnam) and in the eastern area for women (Gyeongsangbuk).
Conclusion
This study identified a downward trend in GC mortality among men and women from 2000 to 2020 in Korea. This trend was mainly attributed to birth cohort rather than period effects. Spatial analysis showed high GC mortality in the Chungcheong and Gyeongsangbuk areas.

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Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine treatment on postsurgical recovery in gastric cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Soo-Dam Kim, Sook-Jin Pyo, Dong-Hyeon Kim, Hwa-Seung Yoo, So-Jung Park
Medicine.2025; 104(1): e41034. CrossRef
Expression of claudin 18.2 in poorly cohesive carcinoma and its association with clinicopathologic parameters in East Asian patients
Moonsik Kim, Byung Woog Kang, Jihyun Park, Jin Ho Baek, Jong Gwang Kim
Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 263: 155628. CrossRef
Updated Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer in Asia: Decreased Incidence but Still a Big Challenge
Wing Sum Shin, Fuda Xie, Bonan Chen, Peiyao Yu, Jun Yu, Ka Fai To, Wei Kang
Cancers.2023; 15(9): 2639. CrossRef

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Colonoscopic Screening and Risk of All-Cause and Colorectal Cancer Mortality in Young and Older Individuals: Jung Ah Lee, Yoosoo Chang, Yejin Kim, Dong-Il Park, Soo-Kyung Park, Hye Yin Park, Jaewoo Koh, Soo-Jin Lee, Seungho Ryu; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):618-625. Published online September 19, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.852

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) and associated mortality have been increasing. However, the potential benefits of CRC screening are largely unknown in young individuals. We aimed to evaluate the effect of CRC screening with colonoscopy on all-cause and CRC mortality among young (aged < 45 years) and older (aged ≥ 45 years) individuals.
Materials and Methods
This cohort study included 528,046 Korean adults free of cancer at baseline who underwent a comprehensive health examination. The colonoscopic screening group was defined as those who reported undergoing colonoscopy for CRC screening. Mortality follow-up until December 31, 2019 was ascertained based on nationwide death certificate data from the Korea National Statistical Office.
Results
Colonoscopic screening was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in both young and older individuals. Multivariable-adjusted time-dependent hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality comparing ever- to never-screening were 0.86 (0.75-0.99) for young individuals and 0.71 (0.65-0.78) for older individuals. Colonoscopic screenings were also associated with a reduced risk of CRC mortality without significant interaction by age, although this association was significant only among participants aged ≥ 45 years, with corresponding time-dependent hazard ratios of 0.47 (0.15-1.44) for young individuals and 0.52 (0.31-0.87) for those aged ≥ 45 years.
Conclusion
Colonoscopic CRC screening decreased all-cause mortality among both young and older individuals, while significantly decreased CRC mortality was observed only in those aged ≥ 45 years. Screening initiation at an earlier age warrants more rigorous confirmatory studies.

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Effect of screening mammography on the risk of breast cancer deaths and of all-cause deaths: a systematic review with meta-analysis of cohort studies
Philippe Autier, Karsten Juhl Jørgensen, Michel Smans, Henrik Støvring
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2024; 172: 111426. CrossRef
Identifying Gaps in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Prevention, Screening, and Treatment in the Philippines
Luis Miguel B. Co, Robyn Gayle K. Dychiao, Michael Paolo R. Capistrano, Manolito T. Tayag, Erika P. Ong, Frances Dominique V. Ho, Michelle Ann B. Eala, Henri Cartier Co, Edward Christopher Dee, Marie Dione P. Sacdalan, Dennis L. Sacdalan
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2024; 31(12): 7685. CrossRef
Association between colonoscopy and colorectal cancer occurrence and mortality in the older population: a population-based cohort study
Ji Young Lee, Jae Myung Cha, Jin Young Yoon, Min Seob Kwak, Hun Hee Lee
Endoscopy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Rising incidence and impact of early‐onset colorectal cancer in the Asia‐Pacific with higher mortality in females from Southeast Asia: a global burden analysis from 2010 to 2019
Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Pinyada Moolkaew, Yatawee Kanjanakot, Natchaya Polpichai, Aunchalee Jaroenlapnopparat, Donghee Kim, Frank J. Lukens, Wahid Wassef, Michael B. Fallon, Vincent L. Chen, Rashid Lui, Karn Wijarnpreecha
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2023; 38(12): 2053. CrossRef

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Trastuzumab Combined with Irinotecan in Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Phase II Single-Arm Study and Exploratory Biomarker Analysis: Ting Xu, Xicheng Wang, Ying Xin, Zhenghang Wang, Jifang Gong, Xiaotian Zhang, Yanyan Li, Congcong Ji, Yu Sun, Feilong Zhao, Depei Huang, Yuezong Bai, Jian Li, Lin Shen; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):626-635. Published online December 23, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1058

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an established therapeutic target for various kinds of solid tumors. HER2 amplification occurs in approximately 1% to 6% of colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Materials and Methods
An open-label, phase II trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03185988) was designed to evaluate the antitumor activity of trastuzumab and chemotherapy in HER2-positive digestive cancers excluding gastric cancer in 2017. Patients from this trial with HER2-positive, KRAS/BRAF wild-type, unresectable mCRC were analyzed in this manuscript. Eligible patients were treated with trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose and then 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks) and irinotecan (120 mg/m² days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate.
Results
Twenty-one HER2-positive mCRC patients were enrolled in this study. Seven patients (33.3%) achieved an objective res-ponse, and 11 patients (52.4%) had stable disease as their best response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.3 months (95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 5.9). Four of the 21 patients (19.0%) had grade 3 adverse events, including leukopenia, neutropenia, urinary tract infection, and diarrhea. No treatment-related death was reported. Exploratory analyses revealed that high tumor tissue HER2 copy number was associated with better therapeutic response and PFS. Alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, HER2 gene, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway, and cell cycle control genes were potential drivers of trastuzumab resistance in mCRC.
Conclusion
Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy is a potentially effective and well-tolerated therapeutic regimen in mCRC with a high HER2 copy number.

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HER2-targeted therapy in colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review
Yeliz Benli, Helin Arıkan, Özge Akbulut-Çalışkan
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Enhancing treatment strategies for small bowel cancer: a clinical review of targeted therapy and immunotherapy approaches
Mehrshad Ebrahimpour, Hamidreza Hosseinzadeh, Farshad Abedi, Mohammad Moeini Nodeh, Abolghasem Allahyari, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Omid Arasteh
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2024; 397(7): 4601. CrossRef
Drug combinations of camptothecin derivatives promote the antitumor properties
Zhen Liu, Yajie Yuan, Ning Wang, Peng Yu, Yuou Teng
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 279: 116872. CrossRef
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Amol A. Dixit, Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
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Fei Teng, Lujun Zhao
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Current Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Tomokazu Ohishi, Mika K. Kaneko, Yukihiro Yoshida, Atsuo Takashima, Yukinari Kato, Manabu Kawada
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Jingjing Li, Xuanfu Xu
International Journal of General Medicine.2023; Volume 16: 1527. CrossRef
Mechanism of multidrug resistance to chemotherapy mediated by P‑glycoprotein (Review)
Yichen Tian, Yongrong Lei, Yani Wang, Jiejuan Lai, Jianhua Wang, Feng Xia
International Journal of Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Successful treatment with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy as the first‑line regimen in advanced small bowel adenocarcinoma harboring HER2 amplification: A report of two cases
Jingwen Wang, Xia Zhu, Jiayan Chen, Fei Liu, Xi Tang
Oncology Letters.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Genitourinary cancer

Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Hongsik Kim, Byong Chang Jeong, Joohyun Hong, Ghee Young Kwon, Chan Kyo Kim, Won Park, Hongryull Pyo, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Jung Yong Hong, Se Hoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):636-642. Published online October 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.343

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The activity and safety of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus gemcitabine/cisplatin (N+GC) were tested in patients with muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBC).
Materials and Methods
In a prospective phase II trial, patients with cT2-T4a N0 MIBC who were eligible for cisplatin and medically appropriate to undergo radical cystectomy (RC) were enrolled. Treatment with nivolumab 3 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 plus GC (cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1, and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15) was repeated every 28 days up to 3 or 4 cycles, depending on the surgery schedules. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0). Secondary endpoints included pathologic downstaging (≤ ypT1), disease-free survival (DFS), and safety.
Results
Between September 2019 and October 2020, 51 patients were enrolled. Neoadjuvant N+GC was well tolerated. Among 49 patients who completed neoadjuvant N+GC, clinical complete response (cCR) was achieved in 59% of intent-to-treat (ITT) population. RC was performed in 34 (69%) patients. pCR was achieved in 24% (12/49) of ITT population and 35% (12/34) of RC patients. Median DFS was not reached. Over a median follow-up of 24 months, 12 patients experienced disease recurrence and were treated with palliative therapy or surgery. Although 12 patients declined surgery and were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, DFS was longer in patients with cCR after neoadjuvant therapy than those without. Preoperative programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) did not correlate with pCR or pathologic downstaging rates.
Conclusion
Neoadjuvant N+GC was feasible and provided meaningful pathologic responses in patients with MIBC, regardless of baseline PD-L1 expression (ONO-4538-X41; CRIS.nih.go.kr, KCT0003804).

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Academic Radiology.2025; 32(4): 2090. CrossRef
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Joaquim Bellmunt, Brian M. Russell, Bernadett Szabados, Begoña P. Valderrama, Rosa Nadal
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Hao Zhang
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Jincong Li, Yuxuan Song, Rui Chen, Hanlin Gao, Yang Liu, Yun Peng, Jilin Wu, Shicong Lai, Yiqing Du, Caipeng Qin, Tao Xu
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Shibo Huang, Yanping Huang, Chunyan Li, Yiwen Liang, Miaoyan Huang, Raoshan Luo, Weiming Liang
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João Queirós Coelho, Maria João Ramos, Ridhi Ranchor, Rita Pichel, Laura Guerra, Hugo Miranda, Joana Simões, Sérgio Xavier Azevedo, Joana Febra, António Araújo
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Yi Huang, Chengxiao Liao, Zefeng Shen, Yitong Zou, Weibin Xie, Qinghua Gan, Yuhui Yao, JunJiong Zheng, Jianqiu Kong
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Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Selective Bladder Preservation Chemoradiotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Post Hoc Analysis of Two Prospective Studies
Sung Wook Cho, Sung Hee Lim, Ghee Young Kwon, Chan Kyo Kim, Won Park, Hongryull Pyo, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Byong Chang Jeong, Se Hoon Park
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Pia Paffenholz, Stefanie Zschäbitz
Die Urologie.2024; 63(10): 994. CrossRef
Recent developments in perioperative combination therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Jan-Jaap J. Mellema, Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Michiel S. van der Heijden
Current Opinion in Urology.2023; 33(5): 404. CrossRef

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289 Download
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Real-World Study Evaluating Safety and Effectiveness of Axitinib in Korean Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma after Failure of One Prior Systemic Therapy: Sang Joon Shin, Jae Lyun Lee, Tae Gyun Kwon, Byoung Young Shim, Ho Seok Chung, Sang-Hee Kim, Se Hoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):643-651. Published online November 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.883

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study was conducted to monitor the usage of axitinib (Inlyta) in clinical practice of Korean patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with disease progression during or after a prior systemic therapy in real world.
Materials and Methods
In this multicenter, observational study, patients indicated for oral axitinib 5 mg twice daily as second-line therapy for advanced RCC were followed up under routine clinical practices, and their safety and effectiveness outcomes were collected.
Results
Between 2012 and 2021, 125 patients were enrolled, and data from 111 patients were analyzed. Median age was 65 years (range, 30 to 84 years), 81% was male, and 110 (99%) had clear cell RCC. The median daily dose of axitinib was 10 mg (range, 4.36 to 15.95 mg) with a median administration period of 5.6 months (range, 15 to 750 days). Eighty-three percentage of patients experienced any grade of adverse events, 71% of which were related to study treatment, including diarrhea (36%), hypertension (21%), stomatitis (17%), decreased appetite (14%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (12%), and asthenia (11%). Most adverse events were generally well tolerated and manageable, with 13% of grade ≥ 3. Axitinib dose reduction was required in 20% of the adverse events and discontinuation in 8%. Median progression-free survival was 12.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6 to 18.9). Objective responses were observed in 30% of patients (95% CI, 21 to 39) with 4% of complete response and 26% of partial response.
Conclusion
No new safety signal was found in the present PMS study of Korean RCC patients. Axitinib showed consistent outcomes in terms of effectiveness and safety confirming that the drug is a valid option for second-line therapy in patients with advanced RCC in a real-world setting.

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Axitinib

Reactions Weekly.2024; 1991(1): 45. CrossRef

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165 Download
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A Nationwide Study of Differences in Surgical Treatment Rates and Oncological Outcomes for Prostate Cancer according to Economic Status and Region: Sangjun Yoo, Sohee Oh, Min Chul Cho, Hwancheol Son, Hyeon Jeong; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):652-658. Published online December 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.893

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
We investigated the effects of economic status (classified based on insurance type and residential area) on oncological outcomes of prostate cancer using a nationwide database. We additionally investigated oncological outcomes based on economic status and residential area in patients who underwent surgical treatment.
Materials and Methods
The study included 75,518 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer between 2009 and 2018 in whom oncological outcomes were investigated based on economic status and residential area. Among the 75,518 men with prostate cancer, the data of 29,973 men who underwent radical prostatectomy were further analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the effects of economic status and residential area on postoperative oncological outcomes.
Results
Among the 75,518 patients with prostate cancer, 3,254 (4.31%) were medical aid beneficiaries. The 5-year overall survival rates were 81.2% and 64.8% in the health insurance and medical aid groups, respectively. Radical prostatectomy was more common in the health insurance group, and surgical intervention was significantly affected by the residential area. Among patients who underwent surgery, 5-year androgen deprivation therapy–free and overall survival were better in the health insurance group. Multivariate analysis showed that insurance type and residential area were significantly associated with the androgen deprivation therapy–free and overall survival after adjustment for other variables.
Conclusion
Economic status and residential area were shown to affect not only treatment patterns but also post-diagnosis and postoperative oncological outcomes. Political support for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of prostate cancer is warranted for medically vulnerable populations.

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Gynecologic cancer

Plasma Cell-Free DNA in Uterine Cervical Cancer: Therapeutic Monitoring and Prognostic Values after Radical Radiotherapy: Jae Sik Kim, Sunah Yang, Kyeonghun Jeong, Dong-Yun Kim, Kwangsoo Kim, Hyun-Cheol Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):659-670. Published online December 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1440

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
In the present study, we aimed to establish a liquid biopsy-based monitoring method using peripheral blood cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for patients with cervical cancer who underwent radical radiotherapy (RT).
Materials and Methods
Twenty-five patients with cervical cancer were prospectively recruited and treated with external beam RT and brachytherapy. In all patients, except one, chemotherapy was administered concurrently during RT. Whole peripheral blood samples were obtained at least twice from each patient. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the target-captured libraries (67 oncogenes and human papillomavirus [HPV] type 16/18) using 64 plasma cfDNA samples from the 25 participants. The ratio of HPV cfDNA and the variant allele frequency (VAF) in cfDNA was calculated, and their dynamic changes were monitored. The median follow-up duration was 25.4 months.
Results
In total, we identified 21,866 cfDNA variants. ARID1A and frameshift variants occupied the largest portion of altered genes and HIGH-grade variant types, respectively. In most cases, tumor shrinkage was followed by a decrease in the HPV ratio; however, an increase in HPV ratio indicated distant metastasis, despite the reduced tumor size. The initial HPV ratio reflecting the tumor burden was likely associated with treatment outcomes (p = 0.16). We did not determine a role for serial changes in the VAF in cfDNA.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the HPV cfDNA ratio, calculated after targeted NGS, may be valuable for monitoring and predicting treatment responses. Accordingly, further validation of these findings is warranted.

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Circulating cell-free DNA as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for cervical cancer
Preetiparna Parida, Gayathri Baburaj, Mahadev Rao, Shirley Lewis, Rama Rao Damerla
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2024; 34(2): 307. CrossRef
Prognostic value of circulating short-length DNA fragments in unresected glioblastoma patients
Arthur Daban, Ludivine Beaussire-Trouvay, Émilie Lévêque, Cristina Alexandru, Isabelle Tennevet, Olivier Langlois, Ovidiu Veresezan, Florent Marguet, Florian Clatot, Frédéric Di Fiore, Nasrin Sarafan-Vasseur, Maxime Fontanilles
Translational Oncology.2024; 42: 101897. CrossRef
Cervical Cancer Genetic Profile through Circulating Tumor DNA: What Can We Learn from Blood?
Sevastiani Antonouli, Valentina Di Nisio, Nikoletta Daponte, Athina-Ioanna Daponte, Alexandros Daponte
Biomolecules.2024; 14(7): 825. CrossRef
High throughput sequencing technology and its clinical application in circulating tumor DNA detection in patients with tumors.
Chonghe Xu, Dangui Zhou, Mei Zhu
Investigación Clínica.2024; 65(4): 476. CrossRef

4,724 View
188 Download
6 Web of Science
4 Crossref

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