1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 3Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 4Department of Urology, Sung Gyun Kwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Smoking and high-risk occupation are known to be the risk factors of bladder cancer. The carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in human body such as GSTM1 and GSTT1 have also been regarded as risk factors in many cancers because the activities of those enzymes play a role in metabolizing the carcinogen. A case control study was conducted to evaluate the role of known risk factors (smoking and high-risk occupational history) and the genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSIT1 in blader carcinogenesis in Korean men.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pathologically proven bladder cancer cases were selected from three hospitals in Seoul (Seoul National University Hospital, Boramae Hospital, and Sam-Sung Medical Center) and the patients older than 40 years of age with the nonmalig nant urinary tract diseases were selected as the controls from the same hospitals. The informations of demographical characteristics, smoking, and occupational history was obtained by the trained interviewer and the genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were assayed by multiplex PCR. The statistical analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS: Neither smoking nor high-risk occupational history was statistically significant risk factor of the bladder cancer. However, the GSTM1 null-type showed borderline significance (OR 1.49; 95% CI 0.92-2.41) and both GSTM1 and GSlT1 null-type was statistically significant risk factor of bladder cancer when compared with both normal genotype (OR-2.43; 95% CI 1.13-5.24) after age and smoking history were adjusted.
CONCLUSION: The concurrent null-type of GSTM1 and GSTT1 increases the risk of bladder cancer in Korean men.
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